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Li SY, Xu DQ, Chen YY, Fu RJ, Tang YP. Several major herb pairs containing Coptidis rhizoma: a review of key traditional uses, constituents and compatibility effects. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1399460. [PMID: 38983920 PMCID: PMC11231094 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1399460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Herb compatibility is the soul of traditional Chinese Medicine prescriptions. Coptidis rhizoma (CR) (Coptis chinensis Franch., Coptis deltoidea C.Y.Cheng et Hsiao, or Coptis teeta Wall.; family Ranunculaceae), is a well-known herb. The bitter and cold nature of CR can irritate the spleen and stomach, and certain ingredients in CR may trigger allergic reactions. Herb combinations can help alleviate the side effects caused by CR. Through data analysis and literature research, there are many herbs combined with CR have a high frequency, but only a few are currently used as formulae in clinical practice. The results showed that these six herb pairs are usually widely studied or used as prescriptions in the clinic. This paper describes the six herb pairs from the key traditional uses, changes in bioactive constituents, and compatibility effects, especially with Euodiae fructus (family Rutaceae), Scutellariae radix (family Lamiaceae), Magnoliae Officinalis cortex (family Magnoliaceae), Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma (family Fabaceae), Ginseng radix et rhizoma (family Araliaceae), and Aucklandiae radix (family Asteraceae), and found that herbs are more effective when used in combination. Therefore, it is feasible to establish some methods to study herb pairs comprehensively from different perspectives. This paper aims to provide the latest and most comprehensive information on the six herb pairs and summarize the pattern of CR compatibility effects. It aims to attract more attention, and further experimental studies will be conducted to investigate and evaluate the effects of herb pairs containing CR. These data can also provide valuable references for researchers and also provide more possibilities for future applications in clinical practice and new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ding-Qiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan-Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
- Wuxi Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, and Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rui-Jia Fu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Huang L, Liu Q, Zhang W, Lin B, Gao Y, Deng H, Zhang S. Comprehensive Quality Evaluation of Danggui-Jianzhong Decoction by Fingerprint Analysis, Multi-Component Quantitation and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. J Chromatogr Sci 2024:bmae034. [PMID: 38819084 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmae034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Danggui-Jianzhong decoction (DGJZ) is a famous classical traditional Chinese medicine formula, which ingredients are complex and the quality is difficult to control. Our study aimed to identify the overall chemical profile of DGJZ qualitatively by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and UPLC. A total of 77 components, including terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, gingerols and other components, were firstly detected and characterized by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and 18 peaks marked after analyzing the UPLC fingerprint. Finally, paeoniflorin, liquiritin, ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, glycyrrhizic acid and 6-gingerol were quantified, which was validated in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, repeatability and recovery. Taken together, the chemical constitutes of DGJZ were systematically identified and a reliable quantitative method coupled with fingerprint analysis was successfully employed for evaluating the holistic quality, which will provide a robust foundation for the quality control of DGJZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanyi Huang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Outer Ring East Road, University City, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Sinopharm Group Medi-World Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, No. 2, Keyuan Hengsan Road, High tech Park, Ronggui Street, Shunde District, Foshan, Guangdong Province, 528303, China
| | - Wenfang Zhang
- Sinopharm Group Medi-World Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, No. 2, Keyuan Hengsan Road, High tech Park, Ronggui Street, Shunde District, Foshan, Guangdong Province, 528303, China
| | - Bishan Lin
- Sinopharm Group Medi-World Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, No. 2, Keyuan Hengsan Road, High tech Park, Ronggui Street, Shunde District, Foshan, Guangdong Province, 528303, China
| | - Yongjian Gao
- Sinopharm Group Medi-World Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, No. 2, Keyuan Hengsan Road, High tech Park, Ronggui Street, Shunde District, Foshan, Guangdong Province, 528303, China
| | - Hong Deng
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Outer Ring East Road, University City, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Outer Ring East Road, University City, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China
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Xiao Y, Zhou L, Tao W, Yang X, Li J, Wang R, Zhao Y, Peng C, Zhang C. Preparation of paeoniflorin-glycyrrhizic acid complex transethosome gel and its preventive and therapeutic effects on melasma. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 192:106664. [PMID: 38061662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF) and glycyrrhizic acid (GL) have skin beautifying effects of anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, inhibition of melanin formation, and reduction of skin pigmentation. To improve the transdermal permeability of PF and GL in transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) and enhance their anti-melasma efficacy, PF-GL transethosome (PF-GL-TE) was prepared by ethanol injection method, and finally gelled with carbomer-940 to form PF-GL-TE gel. Consequently, the obtained PF-GL-TE is small and uniform, with an average particle size and a PDI value of about 167.9 nm and 0.102. PF-GL-TE gel showed sustained release behavior and high transdermal permeability in vitro release and transdermal tests. Meanwhile, PF-GL-TE gel played significant preventive effects on melasma induced by progesterone injection and ultraviolet radiation B (UVB) irradiation. According to the results of H&E staining and Masson staining of rat skin, PF-GL-TE gel can alleviate the skin inflammation of and reduce the loss of collagen fibers of back skin in the melasma model rats. Compared with the PF-GL mixture gel, PF-GL-TE gel significantly attenuated the oxidative damage of liver and skin by increasing the activity of SOD and reducing the content of MDA. The results of Western blot showed that PF-GL-TE gel might down-regulate melanin-related proteins expressions of MITF/TYR/TRP1 and TRP2 to prevent and treat melasma. These findings indicate that PF-GL-TE gel is an effective TDDS for delivering PF and GL into the skin, providing a promising preparation for effective prevention and treatment of melasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Xiao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Provincial Department of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Pharmaceutical Preparation, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Innovation Collaborative Center, Hefei 230012, China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Materia Medica, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Lele Zhou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Provincial Department of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Pharmaceutical Preparation, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Innovation Collaborative Center, Hefei 230012, China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Materia Medica, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Wenkang Tao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Provincial Department of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Pharmaceutical Preparation, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Innovation Collaborative Center, Hefei 230012, China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Materia Medica, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Provincial Department of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Pharmaceutical Preparation, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Innovation Collaborative Center, Hefei 230012, China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Materia Medica, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Junying Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Provincial Department of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Pharmaceutical Preparation, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Innovation Collaborative Center, Hefei 230012, China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Materia Medica, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Rulin Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Provincial Department of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Pharmaceutical Preparation, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Innovation Collaborative Center, Hefei 230012, China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Materia Medica, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230000, China.
| | - Can Peng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Provincial Department of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Pharmaceutical Preparation, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Innovation Collaborative Center, Hefei 230012, China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Materia Medica, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Provincial Department of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Pharmaceutical Preparation, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Innovation Collaborative Center, Hefei 230012, China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Materia Medica, Hefei 230012, China.
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Wang X, Zhang J, Luo L, Song X, Wang P, Liu D. Comparative pharmacokinetics of 24 major bioactive components in normal and ARDS rats after oral administration of Xuanfei Baidu granules. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115472. [PMID: 35718055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xuanfei Baidu prescription, consisting of 13 Chinese medicines, was formulated by academicians Boli Zhang and Professor Qingquan Liu based on their experience in first-line clinical treatment of COVID-19. Xuanfei Baidu granules (XFBD granules) are a proprietary Chinese medicine preparation developed based on Xuanfei Baidu prescription. It is recommended for the treatment of patients with the common wet toxin and lung stagnation syndrome of COVID-19. However, the pharmacokinetic characteristics of its major bioactive components in rats under different physiological and pathological conditions are unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS A rapid and sensitive analytical method, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), was developed and applied to 24 major bioactive components in normal and ARDS rats after oral administration of XFBD granules. We studied the metabolic process of XFBD granules in vivo to compare the differences in pharmacokinetic parameters between normal and model metabolic processes. RESULTS This method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic investigation of 24 major components of XFBD granules following oral administration in normal and ARDS rats. Eight components, including ephedrine and amygdalin, were more highly absorbed and had shorter Tmax values than the model group; the absorption of six components, such as rhein, decreased in ARDS rats, and there was no significant difference in the absorption of ten components, such as verbenalin and naringin, between the normal and ARDS rats. The results showed that the peak times of other analytes were very short, and 80% of these target constituents were eliminated in both normal and ARDS rats within 6 h except for liquiritigenin and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid. CONCLUSIONS In this study, a rapid and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS analytical method was developed and applied to 24 major bioactive components in normal and ARDS rats after the oral administration of XFBD granules. This will serve to form the basis for further studies on the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic correlation of XFBD granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Jingze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Lifei Luo
- Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Xinbo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Dailin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China.
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Administration of meloxicam to improve the welfare of mice in research: a systematic review (2000 - 2020). Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:1-8. [PMID: 34988874 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09868-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Although laboratory animals experience pain as a necessary component of the objectives of experimental protocols, the level of pain should be minimized through use of an adequate analgesic regimen. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug meloxicam may be beneficial in alleviating post-operative pain in mice, although no regimen has been demonstrated as universally efficacious owing to differences in experimental protocols, strain, sex, and incomplete descriptions of methodology in the literature. The aim of this systematic literature review was to identify potential applications of meloxicam for pain management in experimental mice and to evaluate the general quality of study design. Searches of MEDLINE, Scopus and CAB Direct databases elicited 94 articles published between January 2000 and April 2020 that focused on the analgesic efficacy of meloxicam in the management of momentary or persistent pain in mice. The extracted data showed that most articles were deficient in descriptions of housing, husbandry, group size calculation and humane endpoint criteria, while few described adverse effects of the drug. A wide range of dosages of meloxicam was identified with analgesic efficiencies that varied considerably according to the different models or procedures studied. It was impossible to correlate the extracted data into a single meta-analysis because of the differences in experimental protocols and strains employed, the low representation of female mice in the studies, and incomplete descriptions of the methodology applied. We conclude that meloxicam has potential application for pain management in mice but that the dosage must be adjusted carefully according to the experimental procedures. Moreover, authors must take more care in designing their studies and in describing the methodology employed.
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Ma C, Sheng N, Shi G, Zhang J, Zhang T. An efficient approach to probe the bioactive transdermal components of traditional Chinese herbal patches by UHPLC-MS: Gutong patch as a case. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 93:153776. [PMID: 34666285 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese herbal patches (TCHPs) characterized by good patient adherence and few side effects have been widely used in the clinic. However, their bioactive transdermal components, which are key to the quality and efficacy, have rarely been investigated. PURPOSE Establishing an approach to probe the bioactive transdermal components of TCHPs, using Gutong patch (GTP) as a case study. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS GTP constituents were identified using ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS). The identified GTP constituents were transferred to an ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) method in a dynamic multiple reaction monitoring (dMRM) mode for sensitively targeted analysis of transdermal components present at low concentrations. The ex vivo transdermal components were rapidly probed using a percutaneous permeation model and the release kinetics of marker components was assessed to evaluate the release behavior of GTP. The in vivo transdermal components were then studied in a rat model of arthritis and the changes in concentration of 15 representative bioactive transdermal components with time were well revealed. RESULTS A total of 120 phytochemical constituents have been identified in GTP extracts and 61 ex vivo transdermal components were targetedly detected. The release kinetics of GTP were evaluated by eight marker components and fitted to a zero-order kinetic model. In vivo, 62 and 40 transdermal components were observed in the skin and subcutaneous tissues of arthritic rats, respectively. The concentration-time changes of 15 representative transdermal components with documented bioactivities have been successfully exhibited after GTP administration. CONCLUSION We established a feasible approach to probe the bioactive transdermal components of TCHPs efficiently. The integration of mass spectrometry profiling and targeted detection in dMRM mode enabled a comprehensive investigation of phytochemical constituents and their transdermal delivery, thus addressing the challenge of direct probing of diverse transdermal components present at low concentrations. This approach could be used to rapidly probe the bioactive components and understand the mechanism of TCHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Ning Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Gaona Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Jinlan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China.
| | - Tiantai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China.
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Zhang FL, Yin XJ, Yan YL, Wu QF. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Huanglian-Houpo Decoction Based on Berberine Hydrochloride and Magnolol Against H1N1 Influenza Virus. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021; 47:57-67. [PMID: 34635990 PMCID: PMC8505218 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-021-00724-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Huanglian-Houpo decoction (HH), which is recorded in the famous traditional Chinese medicine monograph "Puji Fang," contains two individual herbs, Huanglian (Rhizoma coptidis) and Houpo (Magnoliae officinalis cortex). It was regularly used to treat seasonal epidemic colds and influenzas in ancient China. Our laboratory discovered that HH has a significant anti-H1N1 influenza virus effect. However, no pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data concerning the anti-H1N1 influenza virus activity of HH are available to date. In the current study, the concentration-time profiles of two major components of HH, berberine and magnolol, in rat plasma were investigated. METHODS An integrate pharmacokinetic approach was developed for evaluating the holistic pharmacokinetic characteristics of berberine and magnolol from HH. Additionally, the inhibition rate and levels of IFN-β in MDCK cells infected by influenza virus were analyzed. Data were calculated using 3p97 with pharmacokinetic analysis. RESULTS The estimated pharmacokinetic parameters were maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) 0.9086 μg/ml, area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) 347.74 μg·min/ml, and time to reach Cmax (Tmax) 64.69 min for berberine and Cmax = 0.9843 μg/ml, AUC= 450.64 μg·min/ml, Tmax = 56.86 min for magnolol, respectively. Furthermore, integrated pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis showed that the highest plasma concentration, inhibition rate and interferon-β (IFN-β) secretion of HH first increased and then weakened over time, reaching their peaks at 60 min. The plasma concentration of HH is directly related to the anti-influenza virus effect. CONCLUSION The results indicated that berberine and magnolol are the main active ingredients of HH related to its anti-influenza virus effect, which is related to the improvement of IFN-β secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ling Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jie Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Liang Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao-Feng Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Zhao Z, Liu T, Zhu S, Pi J, Guo P, Qi D, Liu Z, Li N. Natural medicine combined with nanobased topical delivery systems: a new strategy to treat psoriasis. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:1326-1338. [PMID: 34287767 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis, an autoimmune inflammatory skin disorder, is one of the commonest immune-mediated disease conditions affecting individuals globally. At the moment, the conventional methods applied against psoriasis treatment have various drawbacks involving limited efficacy, skin irritation, immunosuppression, etc. Therefore, it is important for scientists to find a more potent and alternative drug approach towards psoriasis therapeutics. Natural medicine still remains an important source for new drug discovery due to its therapeutical significance in various drug administration routes. However, the traditional formulation of topical therapies for psoriasis is limited in efficacy, which limits the use of natural medicine. Based on the aforementioned limitations, the use of nanocarriers in preparation of these topical herbal products could be tremendously beneficial in enhancing the efficacy of topical medications. Growing pieces of evidence have proposed that the utilization of nanocarriers in transdermal preparation as a prospective technique, with regards to better potency, directs drug absorption to site of action, and minimum toxicity effect respectively. In the course of this review, we emphasized the pathological mechanism of psoriasis, natural medicine formula, active components of natural medicine, and nanopreparations used in the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Component Natural Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 88 Yuquan Road, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component Natural Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 88 Yuquan Road, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component Natural Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 88 Yuquan Road, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jiaxin Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Component Natural Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 88 Yuquan Road, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Pan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Component Natural Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 88 Yuquan Road, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Dongli Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Component Natural Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 88 Yuquan Road, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component Natural Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 88 Yuquan Road, Tianjin, 301617, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component Natural Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 88 Yuquan Road, Tianjin, 301617, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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9
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Zhang K, Su J, Huang Y, Wang Y, Meng Q, Guan J, Xu S, Wang Y, Fan G. Untargeted metabolomics reveals the synergistic mechanisms of Yuanhu Zhitong oral liquid in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1165:122523. [PMID: 33497845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Primary dysmenorrhea is a prevalent gynecological disorder that severely affects the quality of life in women. Yuanhu Zhitong oral liquid (YZOL) is a standardized herbal preparation frequently used in clinical practice and is a promising alternative therapy for primary dysmenorrhea. The findings of previous studies show that YZOL exhibits significant analgesic and spasmolytic effects, however, the involved mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we performed an untargeted plasma metabolomic analysis on a mouse model of oxytocin-induced primary dysmenorrhea to investigate the underlying mechanism of YZOL. We used multivariate and pathway-driven analyses to uncover the treatment targets linked with YZOL therapy and verified the possible mechanisms through biochemical assays. Therefore, we identified 47 plasma biomarkers primarily associated with sphingolipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and biosynthesis of steroid hormone as well as primary bile acid. We established that the analgesic effect of YZOL on primary dysmenorrhea relies on multiple constituents that act on multiple targets in multiple pathways. Our correlation analysis showed significant correlations between the biomarkers and biochemical indicators, which is of considerable significance in elucidating the YZOL mechanisms. Moreover, we identified some novel prospective biomarkers linked to primary dysmenorrhea, including bile acids. Collectively, these data provide new insights into the mechanism of YZOL and provide evidence for the analgesic effect of YZOL in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Huang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfen Meng
- Henan Fusen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianli Guan
- Henan Fusen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixin Xu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guanwei Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Teng G, Zhang X, Zhang C, Chen L, Sun W, Qiu T, Zhang J. Lappaconitine trifluoroacetate contained polyvinyl alcohol nanofibrous membranes: Characterization, biological activities and transdermal application. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 108:110515. [PMID: 31924037 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lappaconitine (LA), a potent analgesic drug extracted from the root of natural aconitum species, has been clinically used for years because of its effectiveness and non-addictive properties. However, it is mainly limited in oral and intravenous administration in the form of Lappaconitine Hydrobromide (LAH). In this work, Lappaconitine trifluoroacetate (LAF), a new derivative of LA, was successfully obtained by introducing organofluorine group to LA. This new compound had a lower toxicity (LD50 of 21.14 mg·kg-1), improved analgesic effect and longer half-life (T1/2 of 2.24 h) when compared with LAH. Moreover, in vitro transdermal permeation (Jss of 206.82 μg·cm-2·h-1) of LAF was 30.54% higher than that of LAH, means that LAF can be conveniently used for transdermal drug delivery (TDD). Therefore, drug membranes with PVA solution (10 wt%) containing LAF in various amounts were fabricated by electrospinning. The in vitro release tests confirmed that up to 81.43% of LAF in the PVA/LAF nanofibrous membranes could be released in 72 h, accompanied by significant analgesic effect when compared with the blank control group. In conclusion, the prepared LAF-loaded membrane is a novel formulation for the treatment of chronic and long-term pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixiang Teng
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China; Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
| | - Xifeng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China; Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China; The College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hexi University, Zhangye, Gansu 734000, PR China
| | - Chun Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Lele Chen
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China; Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Wenxiu Sun
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China
| | - Ting Qiu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Ji Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China; Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
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11
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Xu L, Xie T, Shen T, Zhang T. Effect of Chinese herbal medicine on primary dysmenorrhea: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17191. [PMID: 31567963 PMCID: PMC6756727 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary dysmenorrhea (PD), the most common gynecological diseases, seriously affects women's life and work; however, without more effective treatment. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been widely used for relieving dysmenorrheic pain in patients with PD. To assess the effectiveness and safety of CHM in patients with PD, a systematic review and meta-analysis of current published evidence regarding CHM as treatment for PD would be conducted in this study. METHODS Literatures related to CHM for PD from the establishment of the database to June 2019 will be retrieved from the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBACE, Wed of Science and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Database. There are no language restrictions for retrieving literature. Eligible randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effectiveness and safety of CHM in PD patients will be put in the study including outcomes of pain intensity, clinical effectiveness rate, quality of life, and adverse events. By scanning the titles, abstracts and full texts, 2 reviewers will independently select studies, extract data, and assess the quality of study. Meta-analysis of RCTs will be conducted using Review Manager 5.1 software. The results will be presented as risk ratio for dichotomous data, and standardized or weighted mean difference for continuous data. RESULT This study will provide high-quality available evidence for the treatment of PD with CHM based on pain, clinical efficacy, quality of life, and adverse events. CONCLUSION The systematic review willto evaluate the efficacy of CHM in treating PD and provide evidence for clinicians. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019121185.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Tian Xie
- Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Tianfeng Zhang
- Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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12
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Yan R, Yang Y, Chen Y. Pharmacokinetics of Chinese medicines: strategies and perspectives. Chin Med 2018; 13:24. [PMID: 29743935 PMCID: PMC5930430 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-018-0183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The modernization and internationalization of Chinese medicines (CMs) are hampered by increasing concerns on the safety and the efficacy. Pharmacokinetic (PK) study is indispensable to establish concentration-activity/toxicity relationship and facilitate target identification and new drug discovery from CMs. To cope with tremendous challenges rooted from chemical complexity of CMs, the classic PK strategies have evolved rapidly from PK study focusing on marker/main drug components to PK-PD correlation study adopting metabolomics approaches to characterize associations between disposition of global drug-related components and host metabolic network shifts. However, the majority of PK studies of CMs have adopted the approaches tailored for western medicines and focused on the systemic exposures of drug-related components, most of which were found to be too low to account for the holistic benefits of CMs. With an area under concentration-time curve- or activity-weighted approach, integral PK attempts to understand the PK-PD relevance with the integrated PK profile of multiple co-existing structural analogs (prototyes/metabolites). Cellular PK-PD complements traditional PK-PD when drug targets localize inside the cells, instead of at the surface of cell membrane or extracellular space. Considering the validated clinical benefits of CMs, reverse pharmacology-based reverse PK strategy was proposed to facilitate target identification and new drug discovery. Recently, gut microbiota have demonstrated multifaceted roles in drug efficacy/toxicity. In traditional oral intake, the presystemic interactions of CMs with gut microbiota seem inevitable, which can contribute to the holistic benefits of CMs through biotransforming CMs components, acting as the peripheral target, and regulating host drug disposition. Hence, we propose a global PK-PD approach which includes the presystemic interaction of CMs with gut microbiota and combines omics with physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling to offer a comprehensive understanding of the PK-PD relationship of CMs. Moreover, validated clinical benefits of CMs and poor translational potential of animal PK data urge more research efforts in human PK study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China.,Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, 519080 China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Yijia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
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13
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Deng B, Sun W. Herbal medicine for hand-foot syndrome induced by fluoropyrimidines: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1211-1228. [PMID: 29682836 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of herbal medicine for the prevention and management of hand-foot syndrome (HFS) induced by fluoropyrimidines and to identify herbs associated with HFS alleviation for further research. The PubMed, Cochrane, Springer, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases were searched up to May 2017 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated herbal medicine for relieving HFS in patients undergoing fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy. Study evaluation and synthesis methods were in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook, and data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3. In total, 35 RCTs (2,668 participants) were included. Meta-analysis showed that the addition of herbal medicine significantly reduced the incidences of all-grade and high-grade HFS. The total effective rate and complete remission rate of HFS patients increased significantly with herbal medicine arm. Further sensitivity analysis identified Paeoniae Radix Alba, Carthami Flos, Cinnamomi Ramulus, and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma as being consistently associated with significant reductions in HFS incidence without important heterogeneity. However, the lack of blinding in most studies may have led to overestimation of these effects. More high-quality RCTs and experimental research are needed to confirm and investigate the efficacy of the herbs identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Deng
- Department of Oncology of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, P. R. China
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14
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Shi P, Lin X, Yao H. A comprehensive review of recent studies on pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese medicines (2014–2017) and perspectives. Drug Metab Rev 2017; 50:161-192. [DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2017.1417424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peiying Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Bee Products, Bee Science College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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15
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Zhang K, Yan G, Zhang A, Sun H, Wang X. Recent advances in pharmacokinetics approach for herbal medicine. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02369c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), an indispensable part of herbal medicine, has been used for treating many diseases and/or symptoms for thousands of years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunming Zhang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Pharmacokinetics Laboratory
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
| | - Guangli Yan
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Pharmacokinetics Laboratory
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Pharmacokinetics Laboratory
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
| | - Hui Sun
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Pharmacokinetics Laboratory
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
| | - Xijun Wang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Pharmacokinetics Laboratory
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
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