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Zhao D, Huang P, Yu L, He Y. Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics Modeling for Evaluating Drug-Drug Interactions in Polypharmacy: Development and Challenges. Clin Pharmacokinet 2024; 63:919-944. [PMID: 38888813 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-024-01391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Polypharmacy is commonly employed in clinical settings. The potential risks of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) can compromise efficacy and pose serious health hazards. Integrating pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) models into DDIs research provides a reliable method for evaluating and optimizing drug regimens. With advancements in our comprehension of both individual drug mechanisms and DDIs, conventional models have begun to evolve towards more detailed and precise directions, especially in terms of the simulation and analysis of physiological mechanisms. Selecting appropriate models is crucial for an accurate assessment of DDIs. This review details the theoretical frameworks and quantitative benchmarks of PK and PD modeling in DDI evaluation, highlighting the establishment of PK/PD modeling against a backdrop of complex DDIs and physiological conditions, and further showcases the potential of quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) in this field. Furthermore, it explores the current advancements and challenges in DDI evaluation based on models, emphasizing the role of emerging in vitro detection systems, high-throughput screening technologies, and advanced computational resources in improving prediction accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ping Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Li Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
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2
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Li Y, Li Y, Yao Y, Li H, Gao C, Sun C, Zhuang J. Potential of cucurbitacin as an anticancer drug. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115707. [PMID: 37862969 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In Chinese medicine, the Cucurbitaceae family contains many compounds known as cucurbitacins, which have been categorized into 12 classes ranging from A to T and more than 200 derivatives. Cucurbitacins are a class of highly oxidized tetracyclic triterpenoids with potent anticancer properties. The eight components of cucurbitacins with the strongest anticancer activity are cucurbitacins B, D, E, I, IIa, L-glucoside, Q, and R. Cucurbitacins have also been reported to suppress JAK-STAT 3, mTOR, VEGFR, Wnt/β-catenin, and MAPK signaling pathways, all of which are crucial for the survival and demise of cancer cells. In this paper, we review the progress in research on cucurbitacin-induced apoptosis, autophagy, cytoskeleton disruption, cell cycle arrest, inhibition of cell proliferation, inhibition of invasion and migration, inhibition of angiogenesis, epigenetic alterations, and synergistic anticancer effects in tumor cells. Recent studies have identified cucurbitacins as promising molecules for therapeutic innovation with broad versatility in immune response. Thus, cucurbitacin is a promising class of anticancer agents that can be used alone or in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy for the treatment of many types of cancer.Therefore, based on the research reports in the past five years at home and abroad, we further summarize and review the structural characteristics, chemical and biological activities, and studies of cucurbitacins based on the previous studies to provide a reference for further development and utilization of cucurbitacins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yingrui Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yan Yao
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Huayao Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chundi Gao
- College of Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Changgang Sun
- College of Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang 261000, China.
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Zhang J, Aray B, Zhang Y, Bai Y, Yuan T, Ding S, Xue Y, Huang X, Li Z. Synergistic effect of cucurbitacin E and myricetin on Anti-Non-Small cell lung cancer: Molecular mechanism and therapeutic potential. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 111:154619. [PMID: 36706697 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with extremely high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad, widely distributed in Asian and African countries, is used to treat cancers in traditional Uyghur medicine. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE The combination of Cucurbitacin E (CuE) and Myricetin (Myr) of C. colocynthis could treat NSCLC by targeting autophagy. STUDY DESIGN The potential anti-cancer components (CuE and Myr) of C. colocynthis were identified using in-silico methods and further in vitro explored the anti-NSCLC properties of the combination of CuE and Myr. METHODS Network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to identify potential therapeutic compounds of C. colocynthis for the treatment of NSCLC. In A549 cells, the anti-cancer activities and synergy of CuE and Myr were studied using CompuSyn, their mechanism behind autophagy regulation was determined by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS CuMy-12 (CuE: 0.5 µM, Myr: 20 µM), a combination of CuE and Myr from C. colocynthis, inhibited A549 cell proliferation and colony formation, and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, exhibiting a synergistic effect. Furthermore, CuMy-12 inhibited autophagy and activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which was characterized by a decrease in Beclin 1, AKT, and phospho-AKT proteins. CONCLUSION CuMy-12 can be considered a natural candidate with anticancer activity for autophagy-based regulation, but mechanistic and clinical studies are required to validate its potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Baht Aray
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Life and Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yinglu Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330027, China
| | - Shilan Ding
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yanyu Xue
- School of Life and Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiulan Huang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Zhiyong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
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Delgado-Tiburcio EE, Cadena-Iñiguez J, Santiago-Osorio E, Ruiz-Posadas LDM, Castillo-Juárez I, Aguiñiga-Sánchez I, Soto-Hernández M. Pharmacokinetics and Biological Activity of Cucurbitacins. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1325. [PMID: 36355498 PMCID: PMC9696414 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucurbitacins are a class of secondary metabolites initially isolated from the Cucurbitaceae family. They are important for their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, and anticancer biological actions. This review addresses pharmacokinetic parameters recently reported, including absorption, metabolism, distribution, and elimination phases of cucurbitacins. It includes recent studies of the molecular mechanisms of the biological activity of the most studied cucurbitacins and some derivatives, especially their anticancer capacity, to propose the integration of the pharmacokinetic profiles of cucurbitacins and the possibilities of their use. The main botanical genera and species of American origin that have been studied, and others whose chemo taxonomy makes them essential sources for the extraction of these metabolites, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Cadena-Iñiguez
- Innovation in Natural Resource Management, Postgraduate College, Campus San Luis Potosí, Salinas de Hidalgo, San Luis Potosí 78622, Mexico
| | - Edelmiro Santiago-Osorio
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico
| | - Lucero Del Mar Ruiz-Posadas
- Botany Department, Postgraduate College, Campus Montecillo, km 36.5 Carretera México-Texcoco, Texcoco 56230, Mexico
| | - Israel Castillo-Juárez
- Botany Department, Postgraduate College, Campus Montecillo, km 36.5 Carretera México-Texcoco, Texcoco 56230, Mexico
| | - Itzen Aguiñiga-Sánchez
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico
| | - Marcos Soto-Hernández
- Botany Department, Postgraduate College, Campus Montecillo, km 36.5 Carretera México-Texcoco, Texcoco 56230, Mexico
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Xu Y, Lu J, Yao B, Zhang Y, Huang S, Liu J, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Wang X. P-glycoprotein mediates the pharmacokinetic interaction of olanzapine with fluoxetine in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 431:115735. [PMID: 34610281 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Clinical trials of olanzapine combined with fluoxetine (Olanzapine/Fluoxetine Combination, OFC) in the treatment of refractory depression have shown significant efficacy, but the drug-drug interaction (DDI) between them remains unclear. In this report, the pharmacokinetic interaction between olanzapine and fluoxetine was studied in wild-type (WT) and Mdr1a/b gene knockout (KO) rats. By analyzing the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of olanzapine in single dose and combination, the potential DDI mediated by P-gp was explored. The results showed that in WT rats, the combination of fluoxetine increased the peak concentration (Cmax, 44.1 ± 5.1 ng/mL in the combination group vs 9.0 ± 1.5 ng/mL in the monotherapy group) and the exposure (AUC0-t, 235.8 ± 22.7 h × ng/mL in the combination group vs 47.5 ± 8.4 h × ng/mL in monotherapy group) of olanzapine, and decreased the clearance (CL, 8119.0 ± 677.9 mL/h/kg in the combination group vs 49,469.0 ± 10,306.0 mL/h/kg in monotherapy group). At the same time, fluoxetine significantly increased the in vivo exposure of olanzapine in brain, liver, kidney and ileum of WT rats, indicating the occurrence of DDI. The same phenomenon was observed in Caco-2 cells in vitro as well. However, in KO rats, there was no significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters between the monotherapy group and the combination group. In conclusion, P-gp plays an important role in the pharmacokinetic interaction between olanzapine and fluoxetine in rats. This study may provide a reference for the clinical safety of olanzapine combined with fluoxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingyi Yao
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengbo Huang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanqing Guo
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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Zhang Y, Huang S, Zhong W, Chen W, Yao B, Wang X. 3D organoids derived from the small intestine: An emerging tool for drug transport research. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1697-1707. [PMID: 34386316 PMCID: PMC8343122 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Small intestine in vitro models play a crucial role in drug transport research. Although conventional 2D cell culture models, such as Caco-2 monolayer, possess many advantages, they should be interpreted with caution because they have relatively poor physiologically reproducible phenotypes and functions. With the development of 3D culture technology, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) and adult somatic stem cells (ASCs) show remarkable self-organization characteristics, which leads to the development of intestinal organoids. Based on previous studies, this paper reviews the application of intestinal 3D organoids in drug transport mediated by P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2). The advantages and limitations of this model are also discussed. Although there are still many challenges, intestinal 3D organoid model has the potential to be an excellent tool for drug transport research.
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Key Words
- 3D organoid
- ASCs, adult somatic stem cells
- BCRP, breast cancer resistance protein
- BMP, bone morphogenetic protein
- CDF, 5(6)-carboxy-2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein
- Caco-2 cell monolayer
- DDI, drug–drug interactions
- Drug transporter
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- ER, efflux ratio
- ESCs, embryonic stem cells
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- Lgr5+, leucine-rich-repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 positive
- MCT, monocarboxylate transporter protein
- MRP2, multidrug resistance protein 2
- NBD, nucleotide-binding domain
- OATP, organic anion transporting polypeptide
- OCT, organic cation transporter
- OCTN, carnitine/organic cation transporter
- P-glycoprotein
- P-gp, P-glycoprotein
- PEPT, peptide transporter protein
- PMAT, plasma membrane monoamine transporter
- PSCs, pluripotent stem cells
- Papp, apparent permeability coefficient
- Rh123, rhodamine 123
- SLC, solute carrier
- Small intestine
- TEER, transepithelial electrical resistance
- TMDs, transmembrane domains
- cMOAT, canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter
- iPSCs, induced pluripotent stem cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjin Zhang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200051, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shengbo Huang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200051, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Weiguo Zhong
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Wenxia Chen
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Bingyi Yao
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200051, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 21 2420 6564; fax: +86 21 5434 4922.
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Xiao L, Bei Y, Li J, Chen M, Zhang Y, Xiang Q. Preclinical Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Distribution and Primary Safety Evaluation of a Novel Curcumin Analogue H10 Suspension, a Potential 17β Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 3 Inhibitor. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:52-58. [PMID: 33087639 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
17β Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17β-HSD3) is the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of testosterone, which is an attractive therapeutic target for prostate cancer (PCa). H10, a novel curcumin analogue, was identified as a potential 17β-HSD3 inhibitor. The pharmacokinetic study of H10 in rats were performed by intraperitoneal (i.p.), intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administration. In addition, the inhibitory effects of H10 against liver CYP3A4 were investigated in vitro using human liver microsomes (HLMs). The acute and chronic toxicological characteristics were characterized using single-dose and 30 d administration. All the mice were alive after i.p. H10 with dose of no more than 100 mg/kg which are nearly the maximum solubility in acute toxicity test. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of H10 fitted with linear dynamics model after single dose. Furthermore, H10 could bioaccumulate in testis, which was the target organ of 17β-HSD3 inhibitor. H10 distributed highest in spleen, and then in liver both after single and multiple i.p. administration. Moreover, H10 showed weak inhibition towards liver CYP3A4, and did not cause significant changes in aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels after treated with H10 for continuously 30 d. Taken together, these preclinical characteristics laid the foundation for further clinical studies of H10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University.,Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University
| | - Yu Bei
- Biopharmaceutical R&D Center of Jinan University
| | - Jian'an Li
- Biopharmaceutical R&D Center of Jinan University
| | - Minjie Chen
- Biopharmaceutical R&D Center of Jinan University
| | | | - Qi Xiang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University.,Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University.,Biopharmaceutical R&D Center of Jinan University
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Yang P, Liu W, Fu R, Ding GB, Amin S, Li Z. Cucurbitacin E Chemosensitizes Colorectal Cancer Cells via Mitigating TFAP4/Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14148-14160. [PMID: 33205649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance and toxicity are the main obstacles that limit the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy. Hence, it is urgent to identify new adjuvants that can sensitize CRC cells to conventional chemotherapeutic approaches. Cucurbitacin E (CE) is a natural triterpenoid, widely distributed in dietary plants, and shows antitumor effects. Here, we report that CE enhances the sensitivity of CRC cells to chemotherapy via attenuating the expression of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette transporters ABCC1 and MDR1. Combined with CE-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles and gene ontology analysis, we found that CE-binding proteins may involve Wnt/β-catenin signaling. To validate the findings, β-catenin was upregulated in drug-resistant cell lines, and the synergistic effects of CE and chemotherapeutics were accompanied by the downregulation of β-catenin. Moreover, TFAP4 was identified as an intracellular target of CE. Remarkably, the combination of CE and 5-FU treatment attenuated β-catenin, MDR1, and ABCC1 expressions, while TFAP4 overexpression reversed their expressions by 2.68 ± 0.46-, 0.72 ± 0.44-, and 0.93 ± 0.21-fold, respectively. Thus, our results indicate that CE sensitizes CRC cells to chemotherapy by decreasing the TFAP4/Wnt/β-catenin signaling, suggesting that the dietary compound CE can be used as a chemosensitizing adjuvant for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Rong Fu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Guo-Bin Ding
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Sajid Amin
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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9
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Saeed MEM, Boulos JC, Elhaboub G, Rigano D, Saab A, Loizzo MR, Hassan LEA, Sugimoto Y, Piacente S, Tundis R, Yagi S, Khalid H, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of cucurbitacin E from Citrullus colocynthis against multidrug-resistant cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 62:152945. [PMID: 31132750 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cucurbitacin E (CuE) is an oxygenated tetracyclic triterpenoid isolated from the fruits of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. PURPOSE This study outlines CuE's cytotoxic activity against drug-resistant tumor cell lines. Three members of ABC transporters superfamily, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and ABCB5 were investigated, whose overexpression in tumors is tightly linked to multidrug resistance. Further factors of drug resistance studied were the tumor suppressor TP53 and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). METHODS Cytotoxicity assays (resazurin assays) were used to investigate the activity of Citrullus colocynthis and CuE towards multidrug resistant cancer cells. Molecular docking (In silico) has been carried out to explore the CuE's mode of binding to ABC transporters (P-gp, BCRP and ABCB5). The visualization of doxorubicin uptake was done by a Spinning Disc Confocal Microscope. The assessment of proteins expression was done by western blotting analysis. COMPARE and hierarchical cluster analyses were applied to identify, which genes correlate with sensitivity or resistance to cucurbitacins (CuA, CuB, CuE, CuD, CuI, and CuK). RESULTS Multidrug-resistant cells overexpressing P-gp or BCRP were cross-resistant to CuE. By contrast, TP53 knock-out cells were sensitive to CuE. Remarkably, resistant cells transfected with oncogenic ΔEGFR or ABCB5 were hypersensitive (collateral sensitive) to CuE. In silico analyses demonstrated that CuE is a substrate for P-gp and BCRP. Immunoblot analyses highlighted that CuE targeted EGFR and silenced its downstream signaling cascades. The most striking result that emerged from the doxorubicin uptake by ABCB5 overexpressing cells is that CuE is an effective inhibitor for ABCB5 transporter when compared with verapamil. The COMPARE analyses of transcriptome-wide expression profiles of tumor cell lines of the NCI identified common genes involved in cell cycle regulation, cellular adhesion and intracellular communication for different cucurbitacins. CONCLUSION CuE represents a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of certain types of refractory tumors. To best of our knowledge, this is the first time to identify CuE and verapamil as inhibitors for ABCB5 transporter.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/chemistry
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Citrullus colocynthis/chemistry
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Knockout Techniques
- Humans
- Leukemia/drug therapy
- Leukemia/metabolism
- Leukemia/pathology
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Triterpenes/chemistry
- Triterpenes/metabolism
- Triterpenes/pharmacology
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E M Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Joelle C Boulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gihan Elhaboub
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Daniela Rigano
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II of Naples, via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antoine Saab
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science II and Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Monica R Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (Cosenza), Italy
| | - Loiy E A Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, Malaysia
| | - Yoshikazu Sugimoto
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (Cosenza), Italy
| | - Sakina Yagi
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Hassan Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Efferth T, Banerjee M, Abu-Darwish MS, Abdelfatah S, Böckers M, Bhakta-Guha D, Bolzani V, Daak S, Demirezer ÖL, Dawood M, Efferth M, El-Seedi HR, Fischer N, Greten HJ, Hamdoun S, Hong C, Horneber M, Kadioglu O, Khalid HE, Khalid SA, Kuete V, Mahmoud N, Marin J, Mbaveng A, Midiwo J, Nakagawa H, Naß J, Ngassapa O, Ochwang'i D, Omosa LK, Ooko EA, Özenver N, Poornima P, Romero MR, Saeed MEM, Salgueiro L, Seo EJ, Yan G, Yasin Z, Saeed EM, Paul NW. Biopiracy versus One-World Medicine-From colonial relicts to global collaborative concepts. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 53:319-331. [PMID: 30190231 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Practices of biopiracy to use genetic resources and indigenous knowledge by Western companies without benefit-sharing of those, who generated the traditional knowledge, can be understood as form of neocolonialism. HYPOTHESIS The One-World Medicine concept attempts to merge the best of traditional medicine from developing countries and conventional Western medicine for the sake of patients around the globe. STUDY DESIGN Based on literature searches in several databases, a concept paper has been written. Legislative initiatives of the United Nations culminated in the Nagoya protocol aim to protect traditional knowledge and regulate benefit-sharing with indigenous communities. The European community adopted the Nagoya protocol, and the corresponding regulations will be implemented into national legislation among the member states. Despite pleasing progress, infrastructural problems of the health care systems in developing countries still remain. Current approaches to secure primary health care offer only fragmentary solutions at best. Conventional medicine from industrialized countries cannot be afforded by the impoverished population in the Third World. Confronted with exploding costs, even health systems in Western countries are endangered to burst. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is popular among the general public in industrialized countries, although the efficacy is not sufficiently proven according to the standards of evidence-based medicine. CAM is often available without prescription as over-the-counter products with non-calculated risks concerning erroneous self-medication and safety/toxicity issues. The concept of integrative medicine attempts to combine holistic CAM approaches with evidence-based principles of conventional medicine. CONCLUSION To realize the concept of One-World Medicine, a number of standards have to be set to assure safety, efficacy and applicability of traditional medicine, e.g. sustainable production and quality control of herbal products, performance of placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical trials, phytovigilance, as well as education of health professionals and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Mita Banerjee
- Department of English and Linguistics, American Studies, Center for Comparative Native and Indigenous Studies, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohammad Sanad Abu-Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Shoubak University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Jordan
| | - Sara Abdelfatah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Madeleine Böckers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dipita Bhakta-Guha
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, TN, India
| | - Vanderlan Bolzani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Salah Daak
- Dr. Salah Wanesi Foundation for Cancer Research and Control, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Mona Dawood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Monika Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Fischer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Henry J Greten
- Biomedical Sciences Institute Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Heidelberg School of Chinese Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sami Hamdoun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Chunlan Hong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Horneber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology and Hematology, Paracelsus Medical University, Klinikum Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Onat Kadioglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hassan E Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Sami A Khalid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology, Omdurman, Sudan; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Karthoum, Sudan
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Nuha Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - José Marin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), CIBERehd, IBSAL, University of Salamanca Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Armelle Mbaveng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Jacob Midiwo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Janine Naß
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Olipa Ngassapa
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Dominic Ochwang'i
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Leonida K Omosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Edna A Ooko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadire Özenver
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Paramasivan Poornima
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Abertay, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Rodriguez Romero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), CIBERehd, IBSAL, University of Salamanca Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mohamed E M Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ligia Salgueiro
- Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ean-Jeong Seo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ge Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - Norbert W Paul
- Institute for the History, Philosophy, and Ethics of Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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Joob B, Wiwanitkit V. Use of Organoids Technology on Study of Liver Malignancy. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/ijmpo.ijmpo_126_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe study on liver cancer has been performed in clinical medicine and medical science for a long time. Within the few recent years, there are many new emerging biomedical technologies that help better assess on the liver cancer. Of several new technologies, the advanced cell technologies for the assessment of liver cancer, organoids technology is very interesting. In fact, the organoids is an advanced cell research technique that can be useful for studying of many medical disorders. Organoids can be applied for study on the pathophysiology of many cancers. The application for studying on liver cancer is very interesting issue in hepatology. In this short article, the author summarizes and discusses on applied organoids technology for studying on various kinds of liver cancers. The application can be seen on primary hepatocellular carcinoma, metastatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, hepatoblastoma, as well as other rare liver cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beuy Joob
- Sanitation 1 Medical Academic Center, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Viroj Wiwanitkit
- Department of Biological Science, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ilara-Mokin, Nigeria
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Bioactive profile of pumpkin: an overview on terpenoids and their health-promoting properties. Curr Opin Food Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Li J, Chen Y, Han L, He Q, Chu J, Liu K. The role of hepatic antioxidant capacity and hepatobiliary transporter in liver injury induced by isopsoralen in zebrafish larvae. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 38:36-44. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327118774873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Isopsoralen is the main component of the Chinese medicine psoralen, which has antitumour activity and can be used for the treatment of osteoporosis. However, the mechanism behind its hepatotoxicity has not yet been elucidated. In this study, the hepatotoxicity of isopsoralen was investigated using zebrafish. Isopsoralen treatment groups of 25, 50 and 100 μM were established. The mortality, liver morphology changes, levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), liver histopathology and mRNA levels of liver injury–related genes in zebrafish larvae were measured. The results showed that isopsoralen resulted in the development of malformed zebrafish, dose-dependent increases in ALT and AST, decreased liver fluorescence and weakened fluorescence intensity. Histopathological examination showed that high-dose isopsoralen caused a large number of vacuolated structures in the larvae liver. The polymerase chain reaction results showed a significant decrease in the mRNA levels of genes related to antioxidant capacity ( lfabp, gstp2 and sod1) and drug transport ( mdr1, mrp1 and mrp2), indicating that isopsoralen significantly inhibited liver antioxidant capacity and drug efflux capacity in zebrafish larvae. Isopsoralen is hepatotoxic to zebrafish larvae via inhibition of drug transporter expression resulting in the accumulation of isopsoralen in the body and decreased antioxidant capacity, leading to liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Y Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - J Li
- Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Y Chen
- Shandong Normal University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - L Han
- Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Q He
- Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - J Chu
- Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - K Liu
- Key Laboratory for Drug Screening Technology, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, People’s Republic of China
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Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Leukemia Cells by Novel Artemisinin-, Egonol-, and Thymoquinone-Derived Hybrid Compounds. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040841. [PMID: 29642419 PMCID: PMC6017613 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Two major obstacles for successful cancer treatment are the toxicity of cytostatics and the development of drug resistance in cancer cells during chemotherapy. Acquired or intrinsic drug resistance is responsible for almost 90% of treatment failure. For this reason, there is an urgent need for new anticancer drugs with improved efficacy against cancer cells, and with less toxicity on normal cells. There are impressive examples demonstrating the success of natural plant compounds to fight cancer, such as Vinca alkaloids, taxanes, and anthracyclines. Artesunic acid (ARTA), a drug for malaria treatment, also exerts cytotoxic activity towards cancer cells. Multidrug resistance often results from drug efflux pumps (ABC-transporters) that reduce intracellular drug levels. Hence, it would be interesting to know, whether ARTA could overcome drug resistance of tumor cells, and in what way ABC-transporters are involved. Different derivatives showing improved features concerning cytotoxicity and pharmacokinetic behavior have been developed. Considering both drug sensitivity and resistance, we chose a sensitive and a doxorubicin-resistant leukemia cell line and determined the killing effect of ARTA on these cells. Molecular docking and doxorubicin efflux assays were performed to investigate the interaction of the derivatives with P-glycoprotein. Using single-cell gel electrophoresis (alkaline comet assay), we showed that the derivatives of ARTA induce DNA breakage and accordingly programmed cell death, which represents a promising strategy in cancer treatment. ARTA activated apoptosis in cancer cells by the iron-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In conclusion, ARTA derivatives may bear the potential to be further developed as anticancer drugs.
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Lu J, Liu D, Zhou X, Chen A, Jiang Z, Ye X, Liu M, Wang X. Plant natural product plumbagin presents potent inhibitory effect on human cytochrome P450 2J2 enzyme. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 39:137-145. [PMID: 29433675 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytochrome P450 2J2 (CYP2J2) is not only highly expressed in many kinds of human tumors, but also promotes tumor cell growth via regulating the metabolism of arachidonic acids. CYP2J2 inhibitors can significantly reduce proliferation, migration and promote apoptosis of tumor cells by inhibiting epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) biosynthesis. Therefore screening CYP2J2 inhibitors is a significant way for the development of anti-cancer drug. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to identify a new CYP2J2 inhibitor from fifty natural compounds obtained from plants. STUDY DESIGN CYP2J2 inhibitor was screened from a natural compounds library and further the inhibitory manner and mechanism were evaluated. Its cytotoxicity against HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cell lines was also estimated. METHODS The inhibitory effect was evaluated in rat liver microsomes (RLMs), human liver microsomes (HLMs) and recombinant CYP2J2 (rCYP2J2), using astemizole as a probe substrate and inhibitory mechanism was illustrated through molecular docking. The cytotoxicity was detected using SRB. RESULTS In all candidates, plumbagin showed the strongest inhibitory effect on the CYP2J2-mediated astemizole O-demethylation activity. Further study revealed that plumbagin potently inhibited CYP2J2 activity with IC50 value at 3.82 µM, 3.37 µM and 1.17 µM in RLMs, HLMs and rCYP2J2, respectively. Enzyme kinetic studies showed that plumbagin was a mixed-type inhibitor of CYP2J2 in HLMs and rCYP2J2 with Ki value of 1.88 µM and 0.92 µM, respectively. Docking data presented that plumbagin interacted with CYP2J2 mainly through GLU 222 and ALA 223. Moreover, plumbagin showed strongly cytotoxic effects on hepatoma cell lines, such as HepG2 and SMMC-7721, with lower toxicity on rat primary hepatocytes. Plumbagin had no effect on the protein expression of CYP2J2 in HepG2 and SMMC-7721, while down-regulated the mRNA level of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2. CONCLUSION This study found out a new CYP2J2 inhibitor plumbagin from fifty natural compounds. Plumbagin presented a potential of anti-cancer pharmacological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daozhi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenran Jiang
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiyun Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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