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Huang H, He X, Shi L, Yu J, Lu Z, Cao H, Ou J, Chen X, Yan L, Yang J, Zhao W, Liu J, Yu L. Tanreqing injection inhibits dengue virus encephalitis by suppressing the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Chin Med 2024; 19:24. [PMID: 38355571 PMCID: PMC10868054 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00893-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Encephalitis caused by dengue virus (DENV) is considered a manifestation of severe dengue. Tanreqing injection (TRQ) is a well-known Chinese patented medicine, which has been used to treat brain-related disorders by inhibiting inflammation. Nevertheless, the effects of TRQ on DENV encephalitis have not been studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of TRQ on DENV encephalitis and to explore its potential mechanisms. METHODS The cytotoxicity of TRQ was examined by MTT assay, and the anti-DENV activities of TRQ in BHK-21 baby hamster kidney fibroblast were evaluated through CCK-8 and plaque assays. The expression levels of NO, IL1B/IL-1β, TNFα and IL6 were measured by qRT‒PCR and ELISA in the BV2 murine microglial cell line. The inhibitory effects of TRQ on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in BV2 cells were examined by Western blotting, qRT‒PCR and ELISA. The effects of TRQ on HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells were examined by CCK-8 assay, morphology observation and flow cytometry. Moreover, a DENV-infected ICR suckling mouse model was developed to investigate the protective role of TRQ in vivo. RESULTS TRQ decreased the release of NO, IL6, TNFα and IL1B from BV2 cells and inhibited the activation of NLRP3. The presence of the NLRP3 agonist nigericin reversed the anti-inflammatory activities of TRQ. Furthermore, TRQ inhibited the death of HT22 cells by decreasing IL1B in DENV-infected BV2 cells. In addition, TRQ significantly attenuated weight loss, reduced clinical scores and extended the survival in DENV-infected ICR suckling mice. Critically, TRQ ameliorated pathological changes in ICR suckling mice brain by inhibiting microglia and NLRP3 activation and decreasing the production of inflammatory factors and the number of dead neurons. CONCLUSION TRQ exerts potent inhibitory effects on dengue encephalitis in vitro and in vivo by reducing DENV-2-induced microglial activation and subsequently decreasing the inflammatory response, thereby protecting neurons. These findings demonstrate the potential of TRQ in the treatment of dengue encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hefei Huang
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei He
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingzhu Shi
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtao Yu
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Zibin Lu
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Cao
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinying Ou
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Yan
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabin Yang
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Junshan Liu
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Linzhong Yu
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
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Su J, Chen XM, Xie YL, Li MQ, Shang Q, Zhang DK, Cai XF, Liu H, Huang HZ, Zheng C, Han L. Clinical efficacy, pharmacodynamic components, and molecular mechanisms of antiviral granules in the treatment of influenza: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:117011. [PMID: 37567423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Antiviral Granules (AG) are derived from the classical famous prescription, which is composed of 9 traditional Chinese medicines, namely Radix Isatidis (called Banlangen, BLG in Chinese), Forsythiae Fructus (called Lianqiao, LQ in Chinese), Gypsum fibrosum, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (called Zhimu, ZM in Chinese), Phragmitis Rhizoma (called Lugen, LG in Chinese), Rehmanniae Radix (called Dihuang, DH in Chinese), Pogostemonis Herba (called Guanghuoxiang, GHX in Chinese), Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (called Shichangpu, SCP in Chinese), and Curcumae Radix (called Yujin, YJ in Chinese), and has shown an excellent therapeutic effect in clinical treatment of influenza. However, there are few studies on the anti-influenza mechanism of AG, and the mechanism of action is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose is to provide the latest information about the clinical efficacy, pharmacodynamic composition and mechanism of AG based on scientific literature, so as to enhance the utilization of AG in the treatment of influenza and related diseases, and promote the development and innovation of novel anti-influenza drugs targeting the influenza virus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Enter the data retrieval room, search for Antiviral Granules, as well as the scientific names, common names, and Chinese names of each Chinese medicine. Additionally, search for the relevant clinical applications, pharmacodynamic composition, pharmacological action, and molecular mechanism of both Antiviral Granules and single-ingredient medicines. Keywords includes terms such as "antiviral granules", "influenza", "Isatis indigotica Fort.", "Radix Isatidis", "Banlangeng", "pharmacology", "clinical application", "pharmacologic action", etc. and their combinations. Obtain results from the Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Sci Finder Scholar, CNKI and other resources. RESULTS AG is effective in the treatment of influenza and is often used in combination with other drugs to treat viral diseases. Its chemical composition is complex, including alkaloids, polysaccharides, volatile oils, steroid saponins, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids and other compounds. These compounds have a variety of pharmacological activities, which can interfere with the replication cycle of the influenza virus, regulate RIG-I-MAVS, JAK/STAT, TLRs/MyD88, NF-κB signaling pathways and related cytokines, regulate intestinal microorganisms, and protect both the lungs and extrapulmonary organs. CONCLUSIONS AG can overcome the limitations of traditional antiviral drug therapy, play a synergistic role in fighting influenza virus with the characteristics of multi-component, multi-pathway and multi-target therapy, and reverse the bodily function damage caused by influenza virus. AG may be a potential drug in the prevention and treatment of influenza and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xin-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yi-Ling Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Meng-Qi Li
- Pharmacy Department, Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, Chengdu, 610100, China
| | - Qiang Shang
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Antiviral Chinese Medicine Industrialization, Sichuan Guangda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Pengzhou, 611930, China
| | - Ding-Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Innovative Re-development of Famous Classical Formulas, Tianfu TCM Innovation Harbour, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pengzhou, 611930, China
| | - Xin-Fu Cai
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Antiviral Chinese Medicine Industrialization, Sichuan Guangda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Pengzhou, 611930, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hao-Zhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy/Academy for Interdiscipline, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, 620010, China.
| | - Chuan Zheng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Dai J, Lyu F, Yu L, He Y. Temporal and Emotional Variations in People's Perceptions of Mass Epidemic Infectious Disease After the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Influenza A as an Example: Topic Modeling and Sentiment Analysis Based on Weibo Data. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e49300. [PMID: 37917144 PMCID: PMC10654902 DOI: 10.2196/49300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound impacts on society, including public health, the economy, daily life, and social interactions. Social distancing measures, travel restrictions, and the influx of pandemic-related information on social media have all led to a significant shift in how individuals perceive and respond to health crises. In this context, there is a growing awareness of the role that social media platforms such as Weibo, among the largest and most influential social media sites in China, play in shaping public sentiment and influencing people's behavior during public health emergencies. OBJECTIVE This study aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of the sociospatial impact of mass epidemic infectious disease by analyzing the spatiotemporal variations and emotional orientations of the public after the COVID-19 pandemic. We use the outbreak of influenza A after the COVID-19 pandemic as a case study. Through temporal and spatial analyses, we aim to uncover specific variations in the attention and emotional orientations of people living in different provinces in China regarding influenza A. We sought to understand the societal impact of large-scale infectious diseases and the public's stance after the COVID-19 pandemic to improve public health policies and communication strategies. METHODS We selected Weibo as the data source and collected all influenza A-related Weibo posts from November 1, 2022, to March 31, 2023. These data included user names, geographic locations, posting times, content, repost counts, comments, likes, user types, and more. Subsequently, we used latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling to analyze the public's focus as well as the bidirectional long short-term memory model to conduct emotional analysis. We further classified the focus areas and emotional orientations of different regions. RESULTS The research findings indicate that, compared with China's western provinces, the eastern provinces exhibited a higher volume of Weibo posts, demonstrating a greater interest in influenza A. Moreover, inland provinces displayed elevated levels of concern compared with coastal regions. In addition, female users of Weibo exhibited a higher level of engagement than male users, with regular users comprising the majority of user types. The public's focus was categorized into 23 main themes, with the overall emotional sentiment predominantly leaning toward negativity (making up 7562 out of 9111 [83%] sentiments). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study underscore the profound societal impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. People tend to be pessimistic toward new large-scale infectious diseases, and disparities exist in the levels of concern and emotional sentiments across different regions. This reflects diverse societal responses to health crises. By gaining an in-depth understanding of the public's attitudes and focal points regarding these infectious diseases, governments and decision makers can better formulate policies and action plans to cater to the specific needs of different regions and enhance public health awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dai
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Fang Lyu
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Yu
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yunyu He
- The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunimg, China
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4
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Zhang L, Ye X, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Xia X, Dong S. Research progress on the effect of traditional Chinese medicine on the activation of PRRs-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway to inhibit influenza pneumonia. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1132388. [PMID: 37089926 PMCID: PMC10119400 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1132388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza pneumonia has challenged public health and social development. One of the hallmarks of severe influenza pneumonia is overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which result from the continuous activation of intracellular signaling pathways, such as the NF-κB pathway, mediated by the interplay between viruses and host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). It has been reported that traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) can not only inhibit viral replication and inflammatory responses but also affect the expression of key components of PRRs and NF-κB signaling pathways. However, whether the antiviral and anti-inflammatory roles of TCM are related with its effects on NF-κB signaling pathway activated by PRRs remains unclear. Here, we reviewed the mechanism of PRRs-mediated activation of NF-κB signaling pathway following influenza virus infection and summarized the influence of anti-influenza TCMs on inflammatory responses and the PRRs/NF-κB signaling pathway, so as to provide better understanding of the mode of action of TCMs in the treatment of influenza pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- The Affiliated Anning First Hospital, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiong Ye
- The Affiliated Anning First Hospital, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yuntao Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongde Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongde Zhang, ; Xueshan Xia, ; Shuwei Dong,
| | - Xueshan Xia
- The Affiliated Anning First Hospital, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongde Zhang, ; Xueshan Xia, ; Shuwei Dong,
| | - Shuwei Dong
- The Affiliated Anning First Hospital, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongde Zhang, ; Xueshan Xia, ; Shuwei Dong,
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5
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Yang M, Wang Y, Yue Y, Liang L, Peng M, Zhao M, Chen Y, Cao X, Li W, Li C, Zhang H, Du J, Zhong R, Xia T, Shu Z. Traditional Chinese medicines as effective agents against influenza virus-induced pneumonia. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113523. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Lai Y, Han T, Lao Z, Li G, Xiao J, Liu X. Phillyrin for COVID-19 and Influenza Co-infection: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy Targeting Host Based on Bioinformatics Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:754241. [PMID: 34803696 PMCID: PMC8599367 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.754241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The risk of co-epidemic between COVID-19 and influenza is very high, so it is urgent to find a treatment strategy for the co-infection. Previous studies have shown that phillyrin can not only inhibit the replication of the two viruses, but also has a good anti-inflammatory effect, which is expected to become a candidate compound against COVID-19 and influenza. Objective: To explore the possibility of phillyrin as a candidate compound for the treatment of COVID-19 and influenza co-infection and to speculate its potential regulatory mechanism. Methods: We used a series of bioinformatics network pharmacology methods to understand and characterize the pharmacological targets, biological functions, and therapeutic mechanisms of phillyrin in COVID-19 and influenza co-infection and discover its therapeutic potential. Results: We revealed potential targets, biological processes, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, and upstream pathway activity of phillyrin against COVID-19 and influenza co-infection. We constructed protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and identified 50 hub genes, such as MMP9, IL-2, VEGFA, AKT, and HIF-1A. Furthermore, our findings indicated that the treatment of phillyrin for COVID-19 and influenza co-infection was associated with immune balance and regulation of hypoxia-cytokine storm, including HIF-1 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Ras signaling pathway, and T cell receptor signaling pathway. Conclusion: For the first time, we uncovered the potential targets and biological pathways of phillyrin for COVID-19 and influenza co-infection. These findings should solve the urgent problem of co-infection of COVID-19 and influenza that the world will face in the future, but clinical drug trials are needed for verification in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Lai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Han
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zizhao Lao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Geng Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyong Xiao
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Essential Oil-Rich Chinese Formula Luofushan-Baicao Oil Inhibits the Infection of Influenza A Virus through the Regulation of NF- κB P65 and IRF3 Activation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5547424. [PMID: 34497658 PMCID: PMC8421167 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5547424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Luofushan-Baicao Oil (LBO) is an essential oil-rich traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula that is commonly used to treat cold, cough, headache, sore throat, swelling, and pain. However, the anti-influenza activities of LBO and the underlying mechanism remain to be investigated. Methods The in vitro anti-influenza activity of LBO was tested with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and plaque assays. The effects of LBO on the expressions of viral nucleoprotein and cytokines were evaluated. In the polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid- (Poly I: C-) induced inflammation model, the influences of LBO on the expression of cytokines and the activation of NF-κB P65 (P65) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) were tested. After influenza A virus (IVA) infection, mice were administered with LBO for 5 days. The lung index, histopathologic change, the expression of viral protein, P65, and IRF3 in the lung tissue were measured. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines in serum were examined. Results In vitro, LBO could significantly inhibit the infection of IVA, decrease the formation of plaques, and reduce the expression of viral nucleoprotein and cytokines. LBO could also effectively downregulate the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interferon-β and the activation of P65 and IRF3 in Poly I:C-treated cells. In the IVA-infected mice model, inhalation of LBO with atomizer could decrease the lung index, alleviate the pathological injury in the lung tissue, and reduce the serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6. LBO could significantly downregulate the expression of viral protein (nucleoprotein, PB2, and matrix 2 ion channel) and the phosphorylation of P65 and IRF3 in the lungs of mice. Conclusion The therapeutic effects of LBO on treating influenza might result from the regulation of the immune response of IVA infection. LBO can be developed as an alternative therapeutic agent for influenza prevention.
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8
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Ti H. Phytochemical Profiles and their Anti-inflammatory Responses Against Influenza from Traditional Chinese Medicine or Herbs. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 20:2153-2164. [PMID: 32767941 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200807134921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) or herbs are widely used in the prevention and treatment of viral infectious diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms of TCMs remain largely obscure due to complicated material basis and multi-target therapeutics. TCMs have been reported to display anti-influenza activity associated with immunoregulatory mechanisms by enhancing host antiinfluenza immune responses. Previous studies have helped us understand the direct harm caused by the virus itself. In this review, we have tried to summarize recent progress in TCM-based anti-influenza research on the indirect harmful immune responses caused by influenza viruses. In particular, the phytochemicals from TCMs responsible for molecular mechanisms of action belonging to different classes, including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids and polysaccharides, have been identified and demonstrated. In addition, this review focuses on the pharmacological mechanism, e.g., inflammatory responses and the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway, which can provide a theoretical basis and approaches for TCM based anti-influenza treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Ti
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Du Y, You L, Ni B, Sai N, Wang W, Sun M, Xu R, Yao Y, Zhang Z, Qu C, Yin X, Ni J. Phillyrin Mitigates Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Hydrogen Peroxide-Treated RPE Cells through Activation of the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2684672. [PMID: 33101585 PMCID: PMC7576358 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2684672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced dysfunction or apoptosis in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is an important cause of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Although phillyrin has been shown to exert significant antioxidant effects, the underlying mechanism of action remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of phillyrin on hydrogen peroxide- (H2O2-) induced oxidative stress damage in RPE cells and the potential mechanism involved. It was found that phillyrin significantly protected RPE cells from H2O2 cytotoxicity. Furthermore, phillyrin alleviated oxidative stress-induced apoptosis via inhibition of endogenous and exogenous apoptotic pathways. Compared with the H2O2-treated group, the expressions of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved polymerase (PARP), death receptor Fas, and cleaved caspase-8, as well as Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were decreased in RPE cells after the phillyrin intervention. In addition, phillyrin reversed the oxidative stress-induced reductions in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels and annulled the elevations in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), thereby restoring oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis. Phillyrin treatment upregulated the expressions of cyclin E, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), and cyclin A and downregulated the expressions of p21 and p-p53, thereby reversing the G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in H2O2-treated RPE cells. Pretreatment with phillyrin also increased the expressions of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), total Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductases-1 (NQO-1) in RPE cells and inhibited the formation of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/Nrf2 protein complex. Thus, phillyrin effectively protected RPE cells from oxidative stress through activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibition of the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Longtai You
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Boran Ni
- Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Na Sai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- School of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, 010110 Hohhot, China
| | - Wenping Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mingyi Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rui Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu Yao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhiqin Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Changhai Qu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xingbin Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jian Ni
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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Xu T, Li X, Huang M, Wang Q, Li C, Tian G, Chen Y. A Preferable Approach for the Quality Control of Xiaoer Chiqiao Qingre Granules Based on the Combination of Chromatographic Fingerprints and Chemometrics. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2020; 2020:6836981. [PMID: 33062374 PMCID: PMC7542504 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6836981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A preferable approach of a combination of a multiwavelength fusion HPLC fingerprint and chemometrics for the quality control of Xiaoer Chiqiao Qingre granules (XCQG) was established in this study. A single-wavelength HPLC fingerprint was performed to identify 18 peaks as common peaks in the beginning, and 12 of them were recognized by HPLC-Q/TOF-MS. To overcome the limitation of the single-wavelength HPLC fingerprint, a three-wavelength (230 nm, 250 nm, and 330 nm) fusion fingerprint was established for a more thorough quality assessment. Six main active ingredients (geniposide, paeoniflorin, forsythin, forsythoside A, baicalin, and wogonoside) were selected as chemical markers for simultaneous quantitative analysis, while the results indicated that the content of other five ingredients except forsythoside A presented comparatively stable. Chemometrics including hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were performed to evaluate the homogeneity and heterogeneity of sixteen batches of XCQG. The results of the multiwavelength fingerprint were clearly classified into two clusters by HCA, whereas the single-wavelength fingerprint showed no distinct difference between them. OPLS-DA was further employed to prove that the above six main active ingredients made great contributions to clustering. In summary, this integrated analysis provided a better promoted and more comprehensive method to control the quality of XCQG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Multi-Component of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Microecology Research Center, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Mengmeng Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Multi-Component of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Microecology Research Center, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Multi-Component of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Microecology Research Center, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Chao Li
- Jumpcan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taixing 225400, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Jumpcan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taixing 225400, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Multi-Component of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Microecology Research Center, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
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11
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Luo Z, Liu LF, Jiang YN, Tang LP, Li W, Ouyang SH, Tu LF, Wu YP, Gong HB, Yan CY, Jiang S, Lu YH, Liu T, Jiang Z, Kurihara H, Yu Y, Yao XS, Li YF, He RR. Novel insights into stress-induced susceptibility to influenza: corticosterone impacts interferon-β responses by Mfn2-mediated ubiquitin degradation of MAVS. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:202. [PMID: 32943610 PMCID: PMC7499204 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00238-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although stress has been known to increase the susceptibility of pathogen infection, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we reported that restraint stress dramatically enhanced the morbidity and mortality of mice infected with the influenza virus (H1N1) and obviously aggravated lung inflammation. Corticosterone (CORT), a main type of glucocorticoids in rodents, was secreted in the plasma of stressed mice. We further found that this stress hormone significantly boosted virus replication by restricting mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) protein-transduced IFN-β production without affecting its mRNA level, while the deficiency of MAVS abrogated stress/CORT-induced viral susceptibility in mice. Mechanistically, the effect of CORT was mediated by proteasome-dependent degradation of MAVS, thereby resulting in the impediment of MAVS-transduced IFN-β generation in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, RNA-seq assay results indicated the involvement of Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) in this process. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments indicated that Mfn2 interacted with MAVS and recruited E3 ligase SYVN1 to promote the polyubiquitination of MAVS. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments clarified an interaction between any two regions of Mfn2 (HR1), MAVS (C-terminal/TM) and SYVN1 (TM). Collectively, our findings define the Mfn2-SYVN1 axis as a new signaling cascade for proteasome-dependent degradation of MAVS and a 'fine tuning' of antiviral innate immunity in response to influenza infection under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Luo
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Li-Fang Liu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ying-Nan Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lu-Ping Tang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wen Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shu-Hua Ouyang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Long-Fang Tu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yan-Ping Wu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hai-Biao Gong
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Chang-Yu Yan
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yu-Hui Lu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Tongzheng Liu
- Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhenyou Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Basic Medicine College, Jinan University, GuangZhou, 510632, China
| | - Hiroshi Kurihara
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yang Yu
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China. .,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China. .,School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Yi-Fang Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China. .,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China. .,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China. .,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China. .,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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12
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Zhang Z, Morris‐Natschke SL, Cheng Y, Lee K, Li R. Development of anti‐influenza agents from natural products. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:2290-2338. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐Jun Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China
| | - Susan L. Morris‐Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Yung‐Yi Cheng
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Kuo‐Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center China Medical University and Hospital Taichung Taiwan
| | - Rong‐Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China
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13
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Gao K, Song YP, Du X, Chen H, Zhao LT. Exploring multiple mechanisms of Qingjie Fanggan prescription for prevention and treatment of influenza based on systems pharmacology. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 88:107307. [PMID: 32622176 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Influenza is a type of acute disease characterized by strong contagiousness and short incubation period, which have posed a large potential threat to public health. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) advocates to the aim of combating complex diseases from a holistic view, which has shown effectiveness in anti-influenza. However, the mechanism of TCM prescription remains puzzling. Here, we applied a system pharmacology approach to reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms of Qingjie Fanggan prescription (QFP) in the prevention and treatment of influenza. In this study, we identified 228 potential active compounds by means of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) evaluation system and literature research. Then, the targets of the potential active compounds were predicted by using the WES (Weighted Ensemble Similarity) method, and the influenza-related targets were obtained according to some existing gene databases. Next, an herb-component-target network was constructed to further dissect the multi-directional therapeutic approach for QFP. Meanwhile, we also performed gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation analysis on 344 potential targets. Finally, a target-pathway network was constructed to further dissect the core pathways and targets in treatment of influenza for QFP. And the key components and targets were docked by AutoDock Vina to explore their binding mode. All of these demonstrated that QFP had multi-scale curative activity in regulating influenza-related biological processes, which facilitates the application of traditional medicine in modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Gao
- Pharmacy College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan-Ping Song
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xia Du
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Hao Chen
- Pharmacy College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin-Tao Zhao
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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14
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Wen J, Wang R, Liu H, Tong Y, Wei S, Zhou X, Li H, Jing M, Wang M, Zhao Y. Potential therapeutic effect of Qingwen Baidu Decoction against Corona Virus Disease 2019: a mini review. Chin Med 2020; 15:48. [PMID: 32454888 PMCID: PMC7235554 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00332-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease. At present, COVID-19 has no specific therapeutic drugs, and the main clinical treatment is symptomatic treatment and control of complications. On March 5, 2020, the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China issued the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infection (Trial Version 7), which integrated traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) into the treatment of COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to summarize recent studies on the clinic application, pharmacological action, chemical substances and mechanism of Qingwen Baidu Decoction (QBD) on the treatment of various diseases. The results suggested that QBD has multiple pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammation, antiviral, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, antipyretic and so on. It has been used in the treatment of sepsis, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, infantile pneumonia, sepsis-related encephalopathy, epidemic encephalitis B and other diseases. In addition, this study attempts to explore the possible mechanism of QBD in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Through the analysis of the chemical substances, pharmacological action and mechanism of QBD, this paper will provide a reference theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 by QBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxia Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruilin Wang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Honghong Liu
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shizhang Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haotian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Manyi Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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15
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Disturbed Yin-Yang balance: stress increases the susceptibility to primary and recurrent infections of herpes simplex virus type 1. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:383-398. [PMID: 32140387 PMCID: PMC7049575 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), a neurotropic herpes virus, is able to establish a lifelong latent infection in the human host. Following primary replication in mucosal epithelial cells, the virus can enter sensory neurons innervating peripheral tissues via nerve termini. The viral genome is then transported to the nucleus where it can be maintained without producing infectious progeny, and thus latency is established in the cell. Yin–Yang balance is an essential concept in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory. Yin represents stable and inhibitory factors, and Yang represents the active and aggressive factors. When the organism is exposed to stress, especially psychological stress caused by emotional stimulation, the Yin–Yang balance is disturbed and the virus can re-engage in productive replication, resulting in recurrent diseases. Therefore, a better understanding of the stress-induced susceptibility to HSV-1 primary infection and reactivation is needed and will provide helpful insights into the effective control and treatment of HSV-1. Here we reviewed the recent advances in the studies of HSV-1 susceptibility, latency and reactivation. We included mechanisms involved in primary infection and the regulation of latency and described how stress-induced changes increase the susceptibility to primary and recurrent infections.
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Key Words
- 4E-BP, eIF4E-binding protein
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- AKT, protein kinase B
- AMPK, AMP-dependent kinase
- BCL-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- CNS, central nervous system
- CORT, corticosterone
- CPE, cytopathic effect
- CTCF, CCCTC-binding factor
- CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte
- CoREST, REST corepressor 1
- DAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns
- DCs, dendritic cells
- DEX, dexamethasone
- GREs, GR response elements
- GRs, glucocorticoid receptors
- H3K9, histone H3 on lysines 9
- HCF-1, host cell factor 1
- HDACs, histone deacetylases
- HPA axis, hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis
- HPK, herpetic simplex keratitis
- HPT axis, hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis
- HSV-1
- HSV-1, herpes simplex virus type 1
- Herpes simplex virus type 1
- ICP, infected cell polypeptide
- IRF3, interferon regulatory factor 3
- KLF15, Krüppel-like transcription factor 15
- LAT, latency-associated transcripts
- LRF, Luman/CREB3 recruitment factor
- LSD1, lysine-specific demethylase 1
- Latency
- MAVS, mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein
- MOI, multiplicity of infection
- ND10, nuclear domains 10
- NGF, nerve growth factor
- NK cells, natural killer cells
- OCT-1, octamer binding protein 1
- ORFs, open reading frames
- PAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns
- PDK1, pyruvate dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 1
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinases
- PML, promyelocytic leukemia protein
- PNS, peripheral nervous system
- PRC1, protein regulator of cytokinesis 1
- PRRs, pattern-recognition receptors
- PTMs, post-translational modifications
- RANKL, receptor activator of NF-κB ligands
- REST, RE1-silencing transcription factor
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Reactivation
- SGKs, serum and glucocorticoid-regulated protein kinases
- SIRT1, sirtuin 1
- Stress
- Susceptibility
- T3, thyroid hormone
- TCM, traditional Chinese medicine
- TG, trigeminal ganglia
- TK, thymidine kinase
- TRIM14, tripartite motif-containing 14
- TRKA, tropomyosin receptor kinase A
- TRM, tissue resident memory T cells
- cGAS, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- sncRNAs, small non-coding RNAs
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16
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Pan MH, Zhu SR, Duan WJ, Ma XH, Luo X, Liu B, Kurihara H, Li YF, Chen JX, He RR. "Shanghuo" increases disease susceptibility: Modern significance of an old TCM theory. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 250:112491. [PMID: 31863858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE "Shanghuo", a concept based on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory, describes a status of Yin-Yang imbalance when Yang overwhelms Yin. The imbalance of Yin-Yang resembles the breaking of homeostasis and manifests by the impaired physiological functions, which leads to the onset, recurrence, and progression of diseases. Since ancient times, Chinese Materia Medica (CMM), such as herbal tea, has been applied as a treatment for "Shanghuo". AIM OF THE STUDY This review is aimed to describe the origin of "Shanghuo" from the Yin-Yang theory in TCM, as well as explore the relevance and correlations between "Shanghuo" and diseases susceptibility from the perspective of modern medicine. We also propose several strategies from CMM to improve the status of "Shanghuo" for the purpose of treating diseases. METHODS Systematic research of articles with keywords including Shanghuo, Yin-Yang, emotional stress and disease susceptibility was done by using the literature databases (Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, CNKI). Related books, PhD and master's dissertations were also researched. Full scientific plant names were validated by "The Plant List" (www.theplantlist.org). RESULTS To date, a large number of publications have reported research on sub-health status, but studies about the theory or intervention of "Shanghuo" are rarely found. The articles we reviewed indicate that accumulated emotional stress is critical for the cause of "Shanghuo". As a status similar to sub-health, "Shanghuo" is also manifested by impaired physiological functions and decreased nonspecific resistance, which increase susceptibility to various diseases. What's more, some studies highlight the importance of TCM treatment towards "Shanghuo" in maintaining normal physiological functions, such as immunity, lipid metabolism and ROS clearance. CONCLUSIONS Researches on "Shanghuo" and its mechanism are every rare currently and are in need of investigation in the future. Studies on disease susceptibility recently are mostly about susceptible genes that relate to a few parts of people, however, for most of the people, accumulated emotional stress or other stressors is accountable for the susceptibility of diseases. Given that emotional stress plays an important factor in the causation of "Shanghuo", we reviewed the articles about this relevance and discussed the connection of "Shanghuo" with disease susceptibility in a novel perspective. In addition, we have reviewed the disease susceptibility model of restraint stress from its biochemical manifestation to application in CMM assessment. Although it would be a breakthrough in evaluating CMM efficacy of attenuating disease-susceptibility, understanding the comprehensive theory and establishing more models of "Shanghuo" would be required in further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hai Pan
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Si-Rui Zhu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wen-Jun Duan
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Ma
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiang Luo
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, And Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hiroshi Kurihara
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yi-Fang Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- College of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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17
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Wang Y, Zeng Z, Chen Q, Yan W, Chen Y, Xia X, Song W, Wang X. Pterodontic acid isolated from Laggera pterodonta suppressed RIG-I/NF-KB/STAT1/Type I interferon and programmed death-ligand 1/2 activation induced by influenza A virus in vitro. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 27:1255-1263. [PMID: 30783895 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00571-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Influenza viruses can bring about acute respiratory diseases and are a potential hazard to human health. Antiviral drugs are the main ways to control the influenza virus infection except the vaccine. In this study, the immune regulation activity of pterodontic acid isolated from Laggera pterodonta induced by influenza A virus in vitro was evaluated. In studies on anti-influenza activity, our results showed that it maybe target the influenza protein of polymerase basic 1 (PB1), polymerase basic 2 (PB2), polymerase acid (PA), nuclear protein (NP), non-structural protein (NS), and matrix protein (M) but not hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). In studies on immune regulation, our results demonstrated that pterodontic acid can inhibit the Retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) expression in mRNA and protein level at 100 μg/ml, then further to clarify its action on the signalling pathway, The results indicated that pterodontic acid can inhibit the Tumor Necrosis Factor-related Apoptosis-inducing Ligand/Fas Ligand (TRAIL/Fasl) expression in mRNA level at 100 μg/ml; the cleaved caspase 3/7, p-NF-KB, and p-ERK were all suppressed in protein level by pterodontic acid at 100 μg/ml. This confirmed its mechanism that restrained the nuclear export of viral RNPs. The interferon system was also affected, the STAT1, IFN-α, IFN-β expression were also inhibited by pterodontic acid at 25-100 μg/ml and also, the important programmed death-ligand of PD-L1 and PD-L2 was inhibited at 50-100 μg/ml. The mechanisms of pterodontic acid against influenza virus infection may be a cascade inhibition and it has the anti-inflammatory activity, which has no side effect, and can be as a supplement drug in clinical influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaolian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Yan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunbo Chen
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanzi Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Luo Z, Liu LF, Wang XH, Li W, Jie C, Chen H, Wei FQ, Lu DH, Yan CY, Liu B, Kurihara H, Li YF, He RR. Epigoitrin, an Alkaloid From Isatis indigotica, Reduces H1N1 Infection in Stress-Induced Susceptible Model in vivo and in vitro. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:78. [PMID: 30792656 PMCID: PMC6374342 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress has been proven to modulate an individual's immune system through the release of pituitary and adrenal hormones such as the catecholamines, growth hormone, and glucocorticoids. These signal molecules can significantly alter the host immune system and make it susceptible to viral infection. In this study, we investigate whether epigoitrin, a natural alkaloid from Isatis indigotica, provides protection against influenza infection by reducing the host's susceptibility to influenza virus under stress and its underlying mechanism. To support it, the mouse restraint stress model and the corticosterone-induced stress model were employed. Our results demonstrated that epigoitrin significantly decreased the susceptibility of restraint mice to influenza virus, evidenced by lowered mortality, attenuated inflammation, and decreased viral replications in lungs. Further results revealed that epigoitrin reduced the protein expression of mitofusin-2 (MFN2), which elevated mitochondria antiviral signaling (MAVS) protein expression and subsequently increased the production of IFN-β and interferon inducible transmembrane 3 (IFITM3), thereby helping to fight viral infections. In conclusion, our study indicated that epigoitrin could reduce the susceptibility to influenza virus via mitochondrial antiviral signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Luo
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Fang Liu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Wang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chong Jie
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan-Qin Wei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Hua Lu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Yu Yan
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hiroshi Kurihara
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Fang Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Li W, Wang XH, Luo Z, Liu LF, Yan C, Yan CY, Chen GD, Gao H, Duan WJ, Kurihara H, Li YF, He RR. Traditional Chinese Medicine as a Potential Source for HSV-1 Therapy by Acting on Virus or the Susceptibility of Host. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103266. [PMID: 30347851 PMCID: PMC6213986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is the most common virus, with an estimated infection rate of 60–95% among the adult population. Once infected, HSV-1 can remain latent in the host for a lifetime and be reactivated in patients with a compromised immune system. Reactivation of latent HSV-1 can also be achieved by other stimuli. Though acyclovir (ACV) is a classic drug for HSV-1 infection, ACV-resistant strains have been found in immune-compromised patients and drug toxicity has also been commonly reported. Therefore, there is an urge to search for new anti-HSV-1 agents. Natural products with potential anti-HSV-1 activity have the advantages of minimal side effects, reduced toxicity, and they exert their effect by various mechanisms. This paper will not only provide a reference for the safe dose of these agents if they are to be used in humans, referring to the interrelated data obtained from in vitro experiments, but also introduce the main pharmacodynamic mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) against HSV-1. Taken together, TCM functions as a potential source for HSV-1 therapy by direct (blocking viral attachment/absorption/penetration/replication) or indirect (reducing the susceptibility to HSV-1 or regulating autophagy) antiviral activities. The potential of these active components in the development of anti-HSV-1 drugs will also be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Xiao-Hua Wang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Zhuo Luo
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Li-Fang Liu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Chang Yan
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Chang-Yu Yan
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Guo-Dong Chen
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Hao Gao
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Wen-Jun Duan
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Hiroshi Kurihara
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Yi-Fang Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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20
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Zhang T, Xiao M, Wong CK, Mok KPC, Zhao X, Ti H, Shaw PC. Sheng Jiang San, a traditional multi-herb formulation, exerts anti-influenza effects in vitro and in vivo via neuraminidase inhibition and immune regulation. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:150. [PMID: 29739459 PMCID: PMC5941478 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Sheng Jiang San (SJS), a multi-herb formulation, is used in treating high fever, thirsty and anxiety in ancient China and it is sometimes used to treat seasonal influenza nowadays. However, there is no evidence-based investigation and mechanism research to support the anti-influenza efficacy of SJS. This study aims at evaluating the anti-influenza effect of SJS and investigating its possible mechanism. Methods The inhibitory effect of SJS against different influenza virus strains on MDCK cells was examined. Influenza virus infected BALB/c mice were employed to evaluate the efficacy as in vivo model. Mice challenged with A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) were orally administrated 1 g/kg/day of SJS for seven days and monitored for 14 days. The survival rate, body weight changes, lung index, lung viral load, histopathologic changes and immune regulation of the mice were measured. The underlying anti-influenza virus mechanism of SJS was studied by a series of biological assays to determine if hemagglutinin, ribonucleoprotein complex or neuraminidase were targets of SJS. Results Results showed SJS exerted a broad-spectrum of inhibitory effects on multiple influenza strains in a dose-dependent manner. IC50 of SJS against A/WSN/33 (H1N1) was lower than 35 μg/ml. SJS also protected 50% of mice from A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) infection. The lung index and the lung viral load of SJS treated mice were significantly decreased compared with untreated mice. Meanwhile, SJS targeted on neuraminidase of influenza virus as SJS at 2 mg/ml inhibited 80% of neuraminidase enzymatic activity. SJS also significantly down-regulated TNF-α and up-regulated IL-2 of influenza virus induced mice. Conclusions Thus, SJS is a useful formulation for treating influenza virus infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-018-2216-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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21
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Zhang XT, Ding Y, Kang P, Zhang XY, Zhang T. Forsythoside A Modulates Zymosan-Induced Peritonitis in Mice. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030593. [PMID: 29509714 PMCID: PMC6017337 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation is a protective response of the host to physical injury and invading infection. Timely treatment of acute inflammatory reactions is essential to prevent damage to organisms that can eventually lead to chronic inflammation. Forsythoside A (FTA), an active constituent of Forsythia suspensa, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. Despite increasing knowledge of its anti-inflammatory effects, the mechanism and the effects on acute inflammation are poorly understood. This study is aimed at exploring the pro-resolving effects of FTA on zymosan-induced acute peritonitis. FTA significantly alleviated peritonitis as evidenced by the decreased number of neutrophils and levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in the peritoneal cavity, without interfering with interleukin-10 (IL-10). FTA showed marked regulation of inflammatory cytokines and chemokine levels in zymosan-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Moreover, FTA could suppress the activation of NF-κB. In conclusion, FTA alleviated zymosan-induced acute peritonitis through inhibition of NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yue Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Ping Kang
- Headmaster's office, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xin-Yu Zhang
- Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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22
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Jie C, Luo Z, Chen H, Wang M, Yan C, Mao ZF, Xiao GK, Kurihara H, Li YF, He RR. Indirubin, a bisindole alkaloid from Isatis indigotica, reduces H1N1 susceptibility in stressed mice by regulating MAVS signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 8:105615-105629. [PMID: 29285277 PMCID: PMC5739664 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Isatis indigotica has a long history in treating virus infection and related symptoms in China. Nevertheless, its antivirus evidence in animal studies is not satisfactory, which might be due to the lack of appropriate animal model. Previously, we had utilized restraint stress to establish mouse H1N1 susceptibility model which was helpful in evaluating the anti-virus effect of medicines targeting host factors, such as type I interferon production. In this study, this model was employed to investigate the effect and mechanism of indirubin, a natural bisindole alkaloid from Isatis indigotica, on influenza A virus susceptibility. In the in vitro study, the stress hormone corticosterone was used to simulate restraint stress. Our results demonstrated that indirubin decreased the susceptibility to influenza virus with lowered mortality and alleviated lung damage in restraint-stressed mice model. Moreover, indirubin promoted the expression of interferon-β and interferon inducible transmembrane 3. In addition, indirubin maintained the morphology and function of mitochondria following influenza A virus infection. Further study revealed that indirubin promoted interferon-β production through promoting mitochondrial antiviral signaling pathway. Our study indicated that indirubin could be a candidate for the therapy of influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Jie
- Anti-Stress and Health Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhuo Luo
- Anti-Stress and Health Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Anti-Stress and Health Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan 570311, China
| | - Chang Yan
- Anti-Stress and Health Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhong-Fu Mao
- Anti-Stress and Health Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Gao-Keng Xiao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hiroshi Kurihara
- Anti-Stress and Health Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yi-Fang Li
- Anti-Stress and Health Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Anti-Stress and Health Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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