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He X, Chen X, Yang Y, Xie Y, Liu Y. Medicinal plants for epileptic seizures: Phytoconstituents, pharmacology and mechanisms revisited. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117386. [PMID: 37956914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that presents with recurring and spontaneous seizures. It is prevalent worldwide, affecting up to 65 million people, with 80% of cases found in lower-income countries. Medicinal plants are commonly employed for managing and treating epilepsy and convulsions due to their unique therapeutic properties. With increasing research and clinical application, medicinal plants are gaining attention globally due to their potent therapeutic effects and fewer side effects. The development of new plant-based antiepileptic/anticonvulsant agents has become a major focus in the pharmaceutical industry. AIM OF THE REVIEW This article summarizes recent research on medicinal plants with reported antiepileptic/anticonvulsant effects. It provides pharmacological and molecular mechanism of action information for the crude extracts and related active constituents evaluated in preclinical research for the treatment of epilepsy and convulsions, and offers a reference for the development of future related studies in this area. MATERIALS AND METHODS Articles related to ethnopharmacological and antiepileptic studies on plants or natural products from 2018 to 2023 were collected from PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus, etc. using keywords related to epilepsy, medicinal plants, and natural products, etc. RESULTS: Eighty plant species are commonly used to treat epilepsy and convulsions in African and Asian countries. Sixty natural products showing potential for antiepileptic/anticonvulsant effects have been identified from these medicinal plants. These products can be broadly classified as alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids and other compounds. The antiepileptic action of plant extracts and their active ingredients can be classified according to their abilities to modulate the GABAergic and glutamatergic systems, act as antioxidants, exhibit anti-neuroinflammatory effects, and provide neuroprotection. In addition, we highlight that some medicinal plants capable of pharmacologically relieving epilepsy and cognition may be therapeutically useful in the treatment of refractory epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS The review highlights the fact that herbal medicinal products used in traditional medicine are a valuable source of potential candidates for antiepileptic drugs. This confirms and encourages the antiepileptic/anticonvulsant activity of certain medicinal plants, which could serve as inspiration for further development. However, the aspects of structural modification and optimization, metabolism, toxicology, mechanisms, and clinical trials are not fully understood and need to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xirui He
- Shool of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519041, China.
| | - Xufei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Western Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology, Northwest University, 710065, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Shool of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519041, China
| | - Yulu Xie
- Shool of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519041, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Shool of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519041, China
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Opoku-Bamfoh O, Kwarteng SA, Owusu FAN, Akpanya R, Mensah KA, Badu M, Gyamfi FY, Sogbo V, Belford EJD, Boakye A, Morrison HM, Obuam PK, Coleman S. Repellent and larvicidal properties of selected indigenous plants in the control of Anopheles mosquitoes. J Vector Borne Dis 2024; 61:90-100. [PMID: 38648410 DOI: 10.4103/0972-9062.392267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES Widespread pyrethroid resistance and plastic-feeding behaviour of most malaria vectors across Africa threaten the efficacy of current insecticide-based vector control interventions like Insecticide-Treated Nets (ITNs) and Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS). This study examined the larvicidal activity ofMorinda citrifolia against Anopheles gambiae larvae and the repellent properties of Morinda citrifolia (Noni), Moringa oleifera (Moringa), and Ocimum basilicum (Basil) as complementary vector control tools against Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.). METHODS Noni, Basil, and Moringa oil extracts were obtained with the extraction techniques; Soxhlet, steam distillation and maceration respectively, using hexane and ethanol. The effectiveness of the extracts was assessed using the WHO standard larval susceptibility bioassay and guidelines for repellent efficacy. Following bioassays, effective doses (ED) and lethal concentrations (LC) were determined. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy analysis was performed to identify the bioactive chemical components of the extracts of Moringa oleifera and Ocimum basilicum. RESULTS Emulsified Morinda citrifolia seed oil had LC50=68.3, LC90=130.9 and LC99.9=222.5, and ED99. 9=308.3%v/v, the ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves had ED99.9= 1.25g/ml, and essential oil of Ocimum basilicum leaves had ED99.9=0.28g/ml against Anopheles gambiae. INTERPRETATION CONCLUSION The results obtained indicated that seed oil of Morinda citrifolia, essential oil of Ocimum basilicum, and crude extract of Moringa oleifera have repellent activity against An. gambiae s.l. The complete protection time (CPT) of Morinda citrifolia, Moringa oleifera, and Ocimum basilicum was 120 min, 72 min and 84 min at ED99.9 respectively. Morinda citrifolia oil exhibited larvicidal effects against the larvae of An. gambiae s.l. The results provide valuable information for the use of the plants as biocides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obadiah Opoku-Bamfoh
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Sandra Abankwa Kwarteng
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Frema A N Owusu
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Raphael Akpanya
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kelvin A Mensah
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Mercy Badu
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Fred Y Gyamfi
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Victoria Sogbo
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ebenezer J D Belford
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Abena Boakye
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Henry Morgan Morrison
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Patrick K Obuam
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Sylvester Coleman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Jikah AN, Edo GI. Moringa oleifera: a valuable insight into recent advances in medicinal uses and pharmacological activities. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:7343-7361. [PMID: 37532676 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera is an important medicinal plant in several countries; for example, Nigeria, the USA, Turkey, Germany, Greece, and Ukraine. The abundant bioactive and nutritional properties of this plant make it useful in many and diverse areas of life, including the health, cosmetic, agricultural, and food industries to mention but a few. Research has found that the presence of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, minerals, flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, fatty acids, saponins, essential oils, folate, aromatic hydrocarbons, sterols, glucosinolates, and glycosides, among others, characterize the moringa nutrient profile and, as a result, give rise to its remedial effects on ailments such as wounds, stomach and duodenal ulcers, allergies, obesity, diabetes, inflammation, asthma, and so on. It is the aim of this review to provide an insight into such medicinal and pharmacological remedies attributed to moringa, stating both the past and recent discoveries. This review article also takes a look into the botanical features, bioactive compounds, antinutrients, food applications, bacterial fermentation products, biosafety, industrial applications, and other uses of moringa. Finally, with the belief that knowledge is progressive, we acknowledge that there are things yet undiscovered about this wonder plant that will be of value both to medicine and general life; we therefore recommend that research work continues on the moringa plant. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Great Iruoghene Edo
- Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Nigeria
- Department of Petroleum Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Nigeria
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Onofre-Campos D, González-Trujano ME, Moreno-Pérez GF, Narváez-González F, González-Gómez JD, Villasana-Salazar B, Martínez-Vargas D. Anxiolytic-like Effects and Quantitative EEG Profile of Palmitone Induces Responses Like Buspirone Rather Than Diazepam as Clinical Drugs. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093680. [PMID: 37175090 PMCID: PMC10180017 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is a mental disorder with a growing worldwide incidence due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic. Pharmacological therapy includes drugs such as benzodiazepines (BDZs) or azapirones like buspirone (BUSP) or analogs, which unfortunately produce severe adverse effects or no immediate response, respectively. Medicinal plants or their bioactive metabolites are a shared global alternative to treat anxiety. Palmitone is one active compound isolated from Annona species due to its tranquilizing activity. However, its influence on neural activity and possible mechanism of action are unknown. In this study, an electroencephalographic (EEG) spectral power analysis was used to corroborate its depressant activity in comparison with the anxiolytic-like effects of reference drugs such as diazepam (DZP, 1 mg/kg) and BUSP (4 mg/kg) or 8-OH-DPAT (1 mg/kg), alone or in the presence of the GABAA (picrotoxin, PTX, 1 mg/kg) or serotonin 5-HT1A receptor antagonists (WAY100634, WAY, 1 mg/kg). The anxiolytic-like activity was assayed using the behavioral response of mice employing open-field, hole-board, and plus-maze tests. EEG activity was registered in both the frontal and parietal cortex, performing a 10 min baseline and 30 min recording after the treatments. As a result, anxiety-like behavior was significantly decreased in mice administered with palmitone, DZP, BUSP, or 8-OH-DPAT. The effect of palmitone was equivalent to that produced by 5-HT1A receptor agonists but 50% less effective than DZP. The presence of PTX and WAY prevented the anxiolytic-like response of DZP and 8-OH-DPAT, respectively. Whereas only the antagonist of the 5-HT1A receptor (WAY) inhibited the palmitone effects. Palmitone and BUSP exhibited similar changes in the relative power bands after the spectral power analysis. This response was different to the changes induced by DZP. In conclusion, brain electrical activity was associated with the anxiolytic-like effects of palmitone implying a serotoninergic rather than a GABAergic mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Onofre-Campos
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
- Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
| | - María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Fernando Moreno-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Fernando Narváez-González
- ISSSTE Hospital Regional General Ignacio Zaragoza, Calz. Ignacio Zaragoza 1840, Juan Escutia, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09100, Mexico
| | - José David González-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología del Control y la Regulación, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Villasana-Salazar
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología del Control y la Regulación, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - David Martínez-Vargas
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología del Control y la Regulación, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
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Liu WL, Wu BF, Shang JH, Wang XF, Zhao YL, Huang AX. Moringa oleifera seed ethanol extract and its active component kaempferol potentiate pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviours in mice via a GABAergic mechanism. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:810-824. [PMID: 35587996 PMCID: PMC9122383 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2056207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) (MO) is an important food plant that has high nutritional and medical value. However, there is limited information on whether its seeds can improve sleep. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of MO seed ethanol extracts (EEMOS) on sleep activity improvement and examined the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male ICR mice were placed into six groups (n = 12) and treated as follows: Control (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 20 mL/kg), estazolam tablets (2 mg/kg), EEMOS (1, 2 g/kg) and kaempferol (1, 2 mg/kg). These samples were successively given intragastric for 14 d. Locomotor activity assay, pentobarbital-induced sleeping and pentetrazol-induced seizures tests were utilized to examine the sedative-hypnotic effects (SHE) of EEMOS. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the results revealed that EEMOS (2 g/kg) and KA (2 mg/kg) possessed good SHE and could significantly elevate the levels of γ-aminobutyric acid and reduce the levels of glutamic acid in the mouse hypothalamus (p < 0.05). Moreover, SHE was blocked by picrotoxin, flumazenil and bicuculline (p < 0.05). EEMOS (2 g/kg) and KA (2 mg/kg) significantly upregulated the protein expression levels of glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 (GAD65) and α1-subunit of GABAA receptors in the hypothalamus of mice (p < 0.05), not affecting glutamic acid decarboxylase-67 (GAD67) and γ2-subunit expression levels (p > 0.05). Additionally, they cause a significant increase in Cl- influx in human cerebellar granule cells at a concentration of 8 µg/mL (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated that EEMOS could improve sleep by regulating GABAA-ergic systems, and encourage further clinical trials to treat insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Liang Liu
- Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Fruit Wine, QuJing Normal University, QuJing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bai-Fen Wu
- Yunnan University of Business Management, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hua Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Feng Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ai-Xiang Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Mundkar M, Bijalwan A, Soni D, Kumar P. Neuroprotective potential of Moringa oleifera mediated by NF-kB/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway: A review. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14451. [PMID: 36206551 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera is a traditional Indian herb belonging to the Moringaceae family, it is commonly known as the horse-radish tree, drumstick, or sahajna. In developing countries, Moringa is used as feed for both humans and animals due to its well-known antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties owing to its several phytoconstituents including β-carotene, quercetin, kaempferol, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, phenolic acid, rhamnose, glycosylates, glucomoringin, and isothiocyanates. These constituents help to maintain the brain antioxidant enzyme levels, mitochondrial functions, and neurogenesis, showing neuroprotective effects in several neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, Huntington's Disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This review discusses various phytoconstituent of moringa and their therapeutic potential in various neurological disorders. Additionally, we also concise the safety and toxicity profile, of different molecular pathways involved in the neuroprotective effect of M. oleifera including M. oleifera nanoparticles for better therapeutic value. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Several clinical and preclinical studies on Moringa oleifera have been conducted, and the outcomes indicate moringa could be used in the treatment of brain disorders. As a result, we conclude that moringa and its nanoformulations could be employed to treat neurological problems. In the future, M. oleifera phytoconstituents could be evaluated against specific signaling pathways, which could aid researchers in discovering their mechanism of action. Furthermore, the use of moringa as a nutraceutical owing to its myriad pharmacological potential will go a long way in boosting the economy of countries that grow moringa on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroti Mundkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Anjali Bijalwan
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Divya Soni
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
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Wang Y, Wei P, Yan F, Luo Y, Zhao G. Animal Models of Epilepsy: A Phenotype-oriented Review. Aging Dis 2022; 13:215-231. [PMID: 35111370 PMCID: PMC8782545 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a serious neurological disorder characterized by abnormal, recurrent, and synchronous discharges in the brain. Long-term recurrent seizure attacks can cause serious damage to brain function, which is usually observed in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Controlling seizure attacks is vital for the treatment and prognosis of epilepsy. Animal models, such as the kindling model, which was the most widely used model in the past, allow the understanding of the potential epileptogenic mechanisms and selection of antiepileptic drugs. In recent years, various animal models of epilepsy have been established to mimic different seizure types, without clear merits and demerits. Accordingly, this review provides a summary of the views mentioned above, aiming to provide a reference for animal model selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Wang
- 2Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Penghu Wei
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,4Clinical Research Center for Epilepsy Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Yan
- 2Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumin Luo
- 2Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,3Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,4Clinical Research Center for Epilepsy Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoguang Zhao
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,3Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,4Clinical Research Center for Epilepsy Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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González-Trujano ME, Krengel F, Reyes-Chilpa R, Villasana-Salazar B, González-Gómez JD, Santos-Valencia F, Urbina-Trejo E, Martínez A, Martínez-Vargas D. Tabernaemontana arborea and ibogaine induce paroxysmal EEG activity in freely moving mice: involvement of serotonin 5-HT 1A receptors. Neurotoxicology 2022; 89:79-91. [PMID: 34999156 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several Apocynaceae species, most notably Tabernanthe iboga, Voacanga africana and many Tabernaemontana species, produce ibogan-type alkaloids. Although a large amount of information exists about the Tabernaemontana genus, knowledge concerning chemistry and biological activity remains lacking for several species, especially related to their effects on the central nervous system (CNS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Tabernaemontana arborea Rose ex J.D.Sm. (T. arborea) hydroalcoholic extract (30, 56.2 and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) and two of its main alkaloids (ibogaine and voacangine, 30 mg/kg, i.p.) on electroencephalographic (EEG) activity alone and in the presence of the chemical convulsant agent pentylenetetrazole (PTZ, 85 mg/kg, i.p.) in mice. EEG spectral power analysis showed that T. arborea extract (56.2 and 100 mg/kg) and ibogaine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) promoted a significant increase in the relative power of the delta band and a significant reduction in alpha band values, denoting a CNS depressant effect. Voacangine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) provoked an EEG flattening pattern. The PTZ-induced seizures were not modified in the presence of T. arborea, ibogaine, or voacangine. However, sudden death was observed in mice treated with T. arborea extract at 100 mg/kg, i.p., combined with PTZ. Because T. arborea extract (100 mg/kg, i.p.) and ibogaine (30 mg/kg, i.p.), but not voacangine (30 mg/kg, i.p.), induced paroxysmal activity in the EEG, both were explored in the presence of a serotonin 5-HT1A receptor antagonist (WAY100635, 1 mg/kg, i.p.). The antagonist abolished the paroxysmal activity provoked by T. arborea (100 mg/kg, i.p.) but not that observed with ibogaine, corroborating the participation of serotonin neurotransmission in the T. arborea effects. In conclusion, high doses of the T. arborea extract induced abnormal EEG activity due in part to the presence of ibogaine and involving serotonin 5-HT1A receptor participation. Nevertheless, other possible constituents and mechanisms might participate in this complex excitatory activity that would be interesting to explore in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Felix Krengel
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, C.P. 04360, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Ricardo Reyes-Chilpa
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Benjamín Villasana-Salazar
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología del Control y la Regulación, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - José David González-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología del Control y la Regulación, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Fernando Santos-Valencia
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología del Control y la Regulación, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Edgar Urbina-Trejo
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología del Control y la Regulación, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Adrián Martínez
- Laboratorio de Sueño y Epilepsia, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - David Martínez-Vargas
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología del Control y la Regulación, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Hassan MA, Xu T, Tian Y, Zhong Y, Ali FAZ, Yang X, Lu B. Health benefits and phenolic compounds of Moringa oleifera leaves: A comprehensive review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 93:153771. [PMID: 34700271 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moringa oleifera Lam (MO) is native to India and is a cash crop widely cultivated in tropical and sub-tropical areas. The health improving properties of MO has been studied from a long time ago for the numerous phenolic compounds, including vitamins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, isothiocyanates, tannins and saponins, which are present in considerable amounts in the plant. A growing spectrum of therapeutic characteristics of MO leaves has been found and used in the remission or treatment of oxidative stress, liver disease, neurological disease, hyperglycemia and cancer. HYPOTHESIS This review focused on researches applying MO or MO leaf extract as a functional food or cure against various disease and cellular injuries. We believed it would help the discovery of therapeutic application of MO and understanding of MO phytochemistry. METHODS The data collected in this review were extracted from researches indexed in Web of Science, google scholar, PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus to find out health benefits and biological activities of MO leaves polyphenols. The studies reporting mechanistic route of phenolic compounds of MO leaves were also considered in the present study. RESULTS It has been reported that polyphenols of MO leaf have protective characteristics against neurodegenerative disorders through reducing DNA damage, activation of AchE activity and inhibition of caspase-3 activity. It has been reported that, they protected the kidney from damage caused by melamine through suppressed the pro-inflammatory cytokine, metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP-1), and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1). Similarly, methanol extract of MO leaves has low hypoglycemic attributes and attenuate the risk of diabetes caused by alloxan by enhancing lipid metabolism and stimulating insulin release, glucose uptake, and glycogen synthesis. In addition, MO leaves are becoming the best phytomedicine to reduce hypertension, which are naturally known as angiotensin-1converting enzyme (ACE), acetylcholinesterase, arginase and phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors. CONCLUSION MO leaves extract as a health promoting food additives for human and animals due to its great protective effect against many diseases and the widely persistent environmental toxins which disrupted cellular metabolic function. More studies are required to use the phenolic compounds of MO leaves to develop and produce drugs for controlling and treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ahmed Hassan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University - Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Yang Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yongheng Zhong
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Fatma Abo Zakaib Ali
- Pathology and Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Xuan Yang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
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da Silva TVN, Torres MF, Sampaio LA, Hamoy M, Monserrat JM, Barbas LAL. Dietary Euterpe oleracea Mart. attenuates seizures and damage to lipids in the brain of Colossoma macropomum. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:1851-1864. [PMID: 34562200 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-01010-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Amazonian açai fruit (Euterpe oleracea) has shown promising anticonvulsant properties, comparable to those of diazepam (BDZ) in in vivo models submitted to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). PTZ is a classic convulsant agent used in studies for the purpose of screening anticonvulsants and investigating the mechanisms of epilepsy. Herein, we aimed to determine, for the first time, the effect of dietary administration of lyophilized E. oleracea (LEO) on PTZ-induced seizures, using juvenile Colossoma macropomum fish (9.1 ± 1.5 g) as a model. A control diet (0.00% LEO) and two levels of LEO inclusion were established: 5.00% and 10.0% LEO (w/w). Fish were divided into five groups (n = 5): control (0.9% physiological solution; i.p.), PTZ (PTZ 150 mg kg-1; i.p.), PTZ LEO 5.00%, PTZ LEO 10.0%, and BDZ-PTZ (BDZ: diazepam 10 mg kg-1; i.p.). In addition to the electroencephalography (EEG), the lipid peroxidation (TBARS) was quantified in the brain, along with the characterization of behavioral responses. Fish receiving PTZ showed intense action potential bursts (APB), which overlapped with a hyperactive behavior. In PTZ LEO 5.00% and 10.0% groups, convulsive behavior was significantly reduced compared to the PTZ group. Fish fed 5.00% or 10.0% LEO and exposed to PTZ showed less excitability and lower mean amplitude in tracings. The inclusion of 10.0% LEO in the diet prevented the increase in mean amplitude of the EEG waves by 80%, without significant differences to the quantified mean amplitude of the BDZ-PTZ group. TBARS concentration was reduced by 60% in the brain of fish fed 10.0% LEO-enriched diets relative to the PTZ-administered group. The results of this study demonstrated the anticonvulsant and protective roles of LEO to the brain, and the dietary inclusion of LEO seems to be promising for the formulation of functional diets. Results of this study may boost the interest on the anti-seizurogenic properties of Euterpe oleracea, including the development of new approaches for the prevention of seizures in humans and animals with low epileptic threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamyres V N da Silva
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of Aquatic Organisms (BIFOA), Center for Biotechnology and Diseases of Aquatic Organisms (CBD), Institute of Oceanography (IO), Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo F Torres
- Tropical Species Aquaculture Laboratory (LAET), Federal Institute of Pará (IFPA), Castanhal Campus, Castanhal, PA, Brazil
| | - Luís A Sampaio
- Estuarine and Marine Fish Laboratory (LAPEM), Institute of Oceanography (IO), Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Moisés Hamoy
- Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products Laboratory (LFTPN), Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - José M Monserrat
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of Aquatic Organisms (BIFOA), Center for Biotechnology and Diseases of Aquatic Organisms (CBD), Institute of Oceanography (IO), Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis André L Barbas
- Tropical Species Aquaculture Laboratory (LAET), Federal Institute of Pará (IFPA), Castanhal Campus, Castanhal, PA, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Aquacultura de Espécies Tropicais (LAET), Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará - IFPA Campus Castanhal, Castanhal, Pará, CEP: 68740 - 970, Brazil.
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González-Trujano ME, Urbina-Trejo E, Santos-Valencia F, Villasana-Salazar B, Carmona-Aparicio L, Martínez-Vargas D. Pharmacological and toxicological effects of Ruta chalepensis L. on experimentally induced seizures and electroencephalographic spectral power in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 271:113866. [PMID: 33485978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ruta chalepensis L. (Rutaceae) is used in traditional medicine to treat a wide variety of disorders such as rheumatism, fever, mental disorders, dropsy, neuralgia, menstrual problems, anxiety, and epilepsy. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate and compare the anticonvulsant properties of an aqueous extract and ethyl acetate (AcOEt) fraction of R. chalepensis on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures and maximal electroshock (MES) test in mice, by analyzing behavior and electroencephalogram (EEG), as well as GABAA receptors involvement. METHODS The effect of an acute administration of different dosage of the aqueous extract (300 or 500 mg/kg) or AcOEt fraction (100, 300, 500 or 1000 mg/kg) of R. chalepensis was explored on two different models of acute seizure induction in mice, the PTZ and maximal electroshock (MES) tests. Behavioral and electrographic effects were quantified. Additionally, the possible involvement of the GABAA receptors was explored in the presence of picrotoxin (a non-competitive antagonist of the GABAA receptor). RESULTS AcOEt fraction of R. chalepensis was more efficient than aqueous extract to reduce the incidence of tonic-clonic seizures and mortality in a significant and dose-dependent manner in both the PTZ and MES tests. This anticonvulsant effect was not abolished in the presence of picrotoxin. The EEG spectral power analysis revealed that aqueous extract decreased alpha and beta power, while AcOEt fraction decreased alpha and gamma power confirming previous findings of its depressant effect in the central nervous system. It is important to mention that the highest dosage of the AcOEt (1000 mg/kg) produced a severe suppression or isoelectric EEG activity (EEG flattening), recognized as a comatose state, suggesting a neurotoxic effect at this dosage. CONCLUSION Our data reinforce that depressant and anticonvulsant effects of R. chalepensis depend in part on the presence of constituents from medium polarity. We also found that anticonvulsant effect is not mediated by GABAA receptors. In addition, cautious is emphasized when high doses of this natural product are used in traditional medicine since it might produce neurotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E González-Trujano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz", Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - E Urbina-Trejo
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Del Control y La Regulación, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz", Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - F Santos-Valencia
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Del Control y La Regulación, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz", Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - B Villasana-Salazar
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Del Control y La Regulación, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz", Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - L Carmona-Aparicio
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - D Martínez-Vargas
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Del Control y La Regulación, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz", Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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González-Trujano ME, Contreras-Murillo G, López-Najera CA, Hidalgo-Flores FJ, Navarrete-Castro A, Sánchez CG, Magdaleno-Madrigal VM. Anticonvulsant activity of Valeriana edulis roots and valepotriates on the pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113299. [PMID: 32841694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE For many centuries, Mexican Valerian (Valeriana edulis ssp. procera) has been an important plant in folk medicine. It has been considered useful to control epilepsy; however, electroencephalographic evidence of its anticonvulsant activity is missing in literature. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, in situ electroencephalographic (EEG) analysis was performed along with administration of a crude ethanol extract of V. edulis and its valepotriate fraction on the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsive behavior in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experiments were performed using male Wistar rats with nail-shaped electrodes implanted in the frontal and parietal cortices for EEG recording. All animals received a single dose of PTZ (35 mg/kg, i.p.) to test the anticonvulsant activity of V. edulis crude extract and valepotriate fraction (100 mg/kg, i.p.) 15 and/or 30 min after administration. EEG recordings were obtained from the cortices and were evaluated to assess ictal behavior over 60-75 min. Chromatographic analysis of the valepotriate fraction and in silico predictions of pharmacodynamic properties were also explored. The latency, frequency and duration of seizures evaluated using EEG recordings from the frontal and parietal cortices of rats showed significant changes demonstrating the inhibition of paroxystic activity. RESULTS The spectral analysis confirmed the reduction of excitatory activity induced by V. edulis extract, which was improved in the presence of the valepotriate fraction as compared to that induced by ethosuximide (a reference anticonvulsant drug). The presence of valepotriates such as: isodihydrovaltrate (18.99%), homovaltrate (13.51%), 10-acetoxy-valtrathydrin (4%) and valtrate (1.34%) was identified by chromatographic analysis. Whereas, not only GABAA receptor participation but also the cannabinoid CB2 receptor was found to be likely involved in the anticonvulsant mechanism of action after in silico prediction. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the anticonvulsant properties attributed to this plant in folk medicine, due to the presence of valepotriates.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco No. 101 Col, San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Contreras-Murillo
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Del Control y La Regulación, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco No. 101 Col, San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Claudia Andrea López-Najera
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Del Control y La Regulación, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco No. 101 Col, San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Fernando Josué Hidalgo-Flores
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Del Control y La Regulación, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco No. 101 Col, San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Andrés Navarrete-Castro
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, 04510, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Concepción Gamboa Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco No. 101 Col, San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Víctor Manuel Magdaleno-Madrigal
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Del Control y La Regulación, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco No. 101 Col, San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Aekthammarat D, Pannangpetch P, Tangsucharit P. Moringa oleifera leaf extract lowers high blood pressure by alleviating vascular dysfunction and decreasing oxidative stress in L-NAME hypertensive rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 54:9-16. [PMID: 30668387 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhancing relaxation of resistance arteries and decreasing oxidative stress by using natural products are potential strategies for prevention and treatment of hypertension. PURPOSE This study investigated whether aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves (MOE) could alleviate Nω-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced high blood pressure via modulation of vascular function and antioxidant properties. METHODS An experimental hypertensive model was established by administration of L-NAME (50 mg/kg/day) in drinking water to male Wistar rats for 3 weeks. Arterial pressure was measured indirectly by tail-cuff plethysmography and directly via femoral artery catheterization. Vasoreactivity of isolated rat mesenteric arterial bed was determined by the changes in perfusion pressure detected by a pressure transducer. Vascular superoxide anion (O2•-) production was determined by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. Other biochemical measurements including malondialdehyde (MDA) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities were measured by colorimetric assay. RESULTS L-NAME-treated rats developed significantly increased blood pressure and heart rate. Concurrent oral treatment with MOE (30 and 60 mg/kg/day) could decrease the high blood pressure and tachycardia in a dose-dependent manner. MOE reduced the impairment of acetylcholine-induced relaxation and decreased the hyperreactivity of adrenergic-mediated contraction in response to periarterial nerve stimulation and phenylephrine in isolated mesenteric arterial beds. In addition, MOE exhibited antioxidant effects in the hypertensive rats, as indicated by suppression of vascular O2•- production, decrease of plasma and thoracic aorta MDA levels, and increase of antioxidant activities of SOD and CAT. Moreover, MOE (0.001-0.3 mg) produced a dose-dependent relaxation in methoxamine pre-contracted arterial beds isolated from L-NAME hypertensive rats, which was abolished by endothelium denudation. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the antihypertensive effect of MOE in L-NAME-hypertensive rats may be mediated by alleviating vascular dysfunction and oxidative stress and promoting endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. MOE may be potentially useful as a natural product against hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Direk Aekthammarat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Patchareewan Pannangpetch
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Panot Tangsucharit
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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