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Ji Z, Shen J, Lan Y, Yi Q, Liu H. Targeting signaling pathways in osteosarcoma: Mechanisms and clinical studies. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e308. [PMID: 37441462 PMCID: PMC10333890 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a highly prevalent bone malignancy among adolescents, accounting for 40% of all primary malignant bone tumors. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with limb-preserving surgery has effectively reduced patient disability and mortality, but pulmonary metastases and OS cells' resistance to chemotherapeutic agents are pressing challenges in the clinical management of OS. There has been an urgent need to identify new biomarkers for OS to develop specific targeted therapies. Recently, the continued advancements in genomic analysis have contributed to the identification of clinically significant molecular biomarkers for diagnosing OS, acting as therapeutic targets, and predicting prognosis. Additionally, the contemporary molecular classifications have revealed that the signaling pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT3, Hippo, Notch, PD-1/PD-L1, MAPK, and NF-κB, have an integral role in OS onset, progression, metastasis, and treatment response. These molecular classifications and biological markers have created new avenues for more accurate OS diagnosis and relevant treatment. We herein present a review of the recent findings for the modulatory role of signaling pathways as possible biological markers and treatment targets for OS. This review also discusses current OS therapeutic approaches, including signaling pathway-based therapies developed over the past decade. Additionally, the review covers the signaling targets involved in the curative effects of traditional Chinese medicines in the context of expression regulation of relevant genes and proteins through the signaling pathways to inhibit OS cell growth. These findings are expected to provide directions for integrating genomic, molecular, and clinical profiles to enhance OS diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Ji
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Jianlin Shen
- Department of OrthopaedicsAffiliated Hospital of Putian UniversityPutianFujianChina
| | - Yujian Lan
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Qian Yi
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
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2
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Jia W, Yuan J, Cheng B, Ling C. Targeting tumor-derived exosome-mediated premetastatic niche formation: The metastasis-preventive value of traditional Chinese medicine. Cancer Lett 2023:216261. [PMID: 37302563 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosome (TDE)-mediated premetastatic niche (PMN) formation is a potential mechanism underlying the organotropic metastasis of primary tumors. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has shown considerable success in preventing and treating tumor metastasis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this review, we discussed PMN formation from the perspectives of TDE biogenesis, cargo sorting, and TDE recipient cell alterations, which are critical for metastatic outgrowth. We also reviewed the metastasis-preventive effects of TCM, which act by targeting the physicochemical materials and functional mediators of TDE biogenesis, regulating the cargo sorting machinery and secretory molecules in TDEs, and targeting the TDE-recipient cells involved in PMN formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Jia
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200043, China.
| | - Jiaying Yuan
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200043, China.
| | - Binbin Cheng
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200043, China.
| | - Changquan Ling
- Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200043, China.
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3
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Yang Y, Chen Y, Wu JH, Ren Y, Liu B, Zhang Y, Yu H. Targeting regulated cell death with plant natural compounds for cancer therapy: A revisited review of apoptosis, autophagy-dependent cell death, and necroptosis. Phytother Res 2023; 37:1488-1525. [PMID: 36717200 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) refers to programmed cell death regulated by various protein molecules, such as apoptosis, autophagy-dependent cell death, and necroptosis. Accumulating evidence has recently revealed that RCD subroutines have several links to many types of human cancer; therefore, targeting RCD with pharmacological small-molecule compounds would be a promising therapeutic strategy. Moreover, plant natural compounds, small-molecule compounds synthesized from plant sources, and their derivatives have been widely reported to regulate different RCD subroutines to improve potential cancer therapy. Thus, in this review, we focus on updating the intricate mechanisms of apoptosis, autophagy-dependent cell death, and necroptosis in cancer. Moreover, we further discuss several representative plant natural compounds and their derivatives that regulate the above-mentioned three subroutines of RCD, and their potential as candidate small-molecule drugs for the future cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanmei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueting Ren
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Temerity Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Tan J, Yang B, Zhong H, Luo M, Su Z, Xie C, Shi M, Sun C, Lin L. Circular RNA circEMB promotes osteosarcoma progression and metastasis by sponging miR-3184-5p and regulating EGFR expression. Biomark Res 2023; 11:3. [PMID: 36611218 PMCID: PMC9825012 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most prevalent type of bone cancer with a high rate of metastasis. Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) play an essential role in multiple aspects of tumour biology. This study aimed to elucidate the role of circEMB in OSA. METHODS circRNAs related to OSA invasion were identified via RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR. The relationship between circEMB levels and clinicopathological features of OSA was examined using the clinical specimens and data of 53 patients with OSA. Several in vivo and in vitro experiments, including intravital imaging, whole-transcriptome sequencing, transwell assay, flow cytometry, dual-luciferase reporter assay, RIP assay, RNA pull-down assay and RNA-FISH, were performed to examine the effects of circEMB on the malignant behaviour of OSA. RESULTS A novel circRNA, named circEMB (hsa_circ_001310), was identified in this study. circEMB can promote the malignant behaviour of OSA. In vitro experiments revealed that circEMB knockdown decreased cell proliferation, inhibited tumour invasion and metastasis; increased apoptosis and resulted in G1/S phase arrest. In vivo experiments revealed that circEMB knockdown inhibited tumour growth and metastasis in xenograft-bearing mice. Mechanistically, circEMB affects the malignant behaviour of OSA by mediating EGFR as an miR-3184-5p sponge. In addition, the circEMB/miR-3184-5p/EGFR axis modulates methotrexate (MTX) resistance in OSA. CONCLUSIONS CircEMB plays a critical role in promoting cancer via the miR-3184-5p/EGFR pathway, indicating that circEMB may serve as a therapeutic target for OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianye Tan
- grid.417404.20000 0004 1771 3058Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282 China ,grid.412455.30000 0004 1756 5980Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 China
| | - Bingsheng Yang
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XDepartment of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Haobo Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedic, Huizhou First Hospital, Guangdong 516003 Huizhou, China
| | - Mengliang Luo
- grid.417404.20000 0004 1771 3058Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282 China
| | - Zexin Su
- grid.417404.20000 0004 1771 3058Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282 China
| | - Chao Xie
- grid.417404.20000 0004 1771 3058Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282 China
| | - Meiling Shi
- grid.415002.20000 0004 1757 8108Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jiangxi Provincial Peoples’ Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 China
| | - Chunhan Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic, Huizhou First Hospital, Guangdong 516003 Huizhou, China
| | - Lijun Lin
- grid.417404.20000 0004 1771 3058Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282 China
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Liu Q, Wang Z, Yu C, Zhu J, Liu C, Li X, Ren L, Li T. Intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm arising in Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome bile duct: a unique case report. Diagn Pathol 2022; 17:96. [PMID: 36578081 PMCID: PMC9795596 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-022-01275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a rare, autosomal dominant disorder caused by germline mutations of STK11/LKB1, with an increased risk of tumors at multiple sites. Intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm (IOPN) is a unique subtype of intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) defined by a premalignant neoplasm with intraductal papillary or villous growth of biliary-type epithelium. IOPN has a distinct mutation profile compared with both IPNB and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). CASE PRESENTATION We herein describe the case of a 44-year-old woman who presented as polyps in the intestinal lumen of sigmoid colon and a 3.1 × 2.1 cm mass in the left lobe of liver. Gross feature revealed a cystic papillary mass and the neoplasm had a clear boundary with the surrounding liver tissue. Histology revealed complex papillary structures, a small amount of fine fibrovascular cores and immunohistochemistry showed extensive positive for MUC5AC, MUC6, CD117. Therefore, histological and immunohistochemical examination of the liver tumor suggested the diagnosis of IOPN. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed other than STK11 germline mutation, the tumor also harbors GNAS somatic mutation at codon 478 and EGFR amplification. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first report of IOPN arising in PJS. This case enlarges the spectrum of PJS related tumors and genetic rearrangements in IOPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyue Liu
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324Department of Pathology, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324Department of Pathology, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoran Yu
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324Department of Pathology, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianping Zhu
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324Department of Pathology, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengli Liu
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangsheng Li
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324Department of Radiology, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Ren
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324Department of Pathology, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Teng Li
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324Department of Pathology, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Cheng X, Chen Q, Sun P. Natural phytochemicals that affect autophagy in the treatment of oral diseases and infections: A review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:970596. [PMID: 36091810 PMCID: PMC9461701 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.970596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a critical factor in eukaryotic evolution. Cells provide nutrition and energy during autophagy by destroying non-essential components, thereby allowing intracellular material conversion and managing temporary survival stress. Autophagy is linked to a variety of oral disorders, including the type and extent of oral malignancies. Furthermore, autophagy is important in lymphocyte formation, innate immunity, and the regulation of acquired immune responses. It is also required for immunological responses in the oral cavity. Knowledge of autophagy has aided in the identification and treatment of common oral disorders, most notably cancers. The involvement of autophagy in the oral immune system may offer a new understanding of the immune mechanism and provide a novel approach to eliminating harmful bacteria in the body. This review focuses on autophagy creation, innate and acquired immunological responses to autophagy, and the status of autophagy in microbial infection research. Recent developments in the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy and therapeutic applications in oral illnesses, particularly oral cancers, are also discussed. Finally, the relationship between various natural substances that may be used as medications and autophagy is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ping Sun
- *Correspondence: Ping Sun, ; Qianming Chen,
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7
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Kowalczyk T, Merecz-Sadowska A, Rijo P, Mori M, Hatziantoniou S, Górski K, Szemraj J, Piekarski J, Śliwiński T, Bijak M, Sitarek P. Hidden in Plants-A Review of the Anticancer Potential of the Solanaceae Family in In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1455. [PMID: 35326606 PMCID: PMC8946528 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Many of the anticancer agents that are currently in use demonstrate severe side effects and encounter increasing resistance from the target cancer cells. Thus, despite significant advances in cancer therapy in recent decades, there is still a need to discover and develop new, alternative anticancer agents. The plant kingdom contains a range of phytochemicals that play important roles in the prevention and treatment of many diseases. The Solanaceae family is widely used in the treatment of various diseases, including cancer, due to its bioactive ingredient content. The purpose of this literature review is to highlight the antitumour activity of Solanaceae extracts-single isolated compounds and nanoparticles with extracts-and their synergistic effect with chemotherapeutic agents in various in vitro and in vivo cancer models. In addition, the biological properties of many plants of the Solanaceae family have not yet been investigated, which represents a challenge and an opportunity for future anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Department of Computer Science in Economics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Patricia Rijo
- CBIOS—Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal;
- iMed.ULisboa—Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mattia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Sophia Hatziantoniou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Karol Górski
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Janusz Piekarski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University in Lodz, Nicolaus Copernicus Multidisciplinary Centre for Oncology and Traumatology, 93-513 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Śliwiński
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Michał Bijak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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Yang J, Sun Y, Cao F, Yang B, Kuang H. Natural Products from Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino: A Review on Their Structural Analysis, Quality Control, Pharmacology, and Pharmacokinetics. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030695. [PMID: 35163960 PMCID: PMC8840080 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The calyxes and fruits of Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino (P. alkekengi), a medicinal and edible plant, are frequently used as heat-clearing and detoxifying agents in thousands of Chinese medicine prescriptions. For thousands of years in China, they have been widely used in clinical practice to treat throat disease, hepatitis, and bacillary dysentery. This systematic review summarizes their structural analysis, quality control, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics. Furthermore, the possible development trends and perspectives for future research studies on this medicinal plant are discussed. Relevant information on the calyxes and fruits of P. alkekengi was collected from electronic databases, Chinese herbal classics, and Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Moreover, information was collected from ancient documents in China. The components isolated and identified in P. alkekengi include steroids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, nucleosides, terpenoids, megastigmane, aliphatic derivatives, organic acids, coumarins, and sucrose esters. Steroids, particularly physalins and flavonoids, are the major characteristic and bioactive ingredients in P. alkekengi. According to the literature, physalins are synthesized by the mevalonate and 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate pathways, and flavonoids are synthesized by the phenylpropanoid pathway. Since the chemical components and pharmacological effects of P. alkekengi are complex and varied, there are different standards for the evaluation of its quality and efficacy. In most cases, the analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detection. A pharmacological study showed that the crude extracts and isolated compounds from P. alkekengi had extensive in vitro and in vivo biological activities (e.g., anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, immunosuppressive, antibacterial, anti-leishmanial, anti-asthmatic, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative, anti-malarial, anti-Alzheimer's disease, and vasodilatory). Moreover, the relevant anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor mechanisms were elucidated. The reported activities indicate the great pharmacological potential of P. alkekengi. Similarly, studies on the pharmacokinetics of specific compounds will also contribute to the progress of clinical research in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (J.Y.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.)
| | - Yanping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (J.Y.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.)
| | - Feng Cao
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang 330000, China;
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (J.Y.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.)
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (J.Y.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0451-82197188
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Lai J, Tang Y, Yang F, Chen J, Huang FH, Yang J, Wang L, Qin D, Law BYK, Wu AG, Wu JM. Targeting autophagy in ethnomedicine against human diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114516. [PMID: 34487846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In the past five years, ethnopharmacy-based drugs have been increasingly used in clinical practice. It has been reported that hundreds of ethnopharmacy-based drugs can modulate autophagy to regulate physiological and pathological processes, and ethnomedicines also have certain therapeutic effects on illnesses, revealing the important roles of these medicines in regulating autophagy and treating diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY This study reviews the regulatory effects of natural products on autophagy in recent years, and discusses their pharmacological effects and clinical applications in the process of diseases. It provides a preliminary literature basis and reference for the research of plant drugs in the regulation of autophagy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive systematic review in the fields of relationship between autophagy and ethnomedicine in treating diseases from PubMed electronic database was performed. Information was obtained from documentary sources. RESULTS We recorded some illnesses associated with autophagy, then classified them into different categories reasonably. Based on the uses of these substances in different researches of diseases, a total of 80 active ingredients or compound preparations of natural drugs were searched. The autophagy mechanisms of these substances in the treatments of divers diseases have been summarized for the first time, we also looked forward to the clinical application of some of them. CONCLUSIONS Autophagy plays a key function in lots of illnesses, the regulation of autophagy has become one of the important means to prevent and treat these diseases. About 80 compounds and preparations involved in this review have been proved to have therapeutic effects on related diseases through the mechanism of autophagy. Experiments in vivo and in vitro showed that these compounds and preparations could treat these diseases by regulating autophagy. The typical natural products curcumin and tripterine have powerful roles in regulating autophagy and show good and diversified curative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Fei Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fei-Hong Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Long Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Dalian Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Betty Yuen-Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - An-Guo Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Jian-Ming Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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10
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Nkwe DO, Lotshwao B, Rantong G, Matshwele J, Kwape TE, Masisi K, Gaobotse G, Hefferon K, Makhzoum A. Anticancer Mechanisms of Bioactive Compounds from Solanaceae: An Update. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4989. [PMID: 34638473 PMCID: PMC8507657 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants continue to provide unlimited pharmacologically active compounds that can treat various illnesses, including cancer. The Solanaceae family, besides providing economically important food plants, such as potatoes and tomatoes, has been exploited extensively in folk medicine, as it provides an array of bioactive compounds. Many studies have demonstrated the anticancer potency of some of the compounds, but the corresponding molecular targets are not well defined. However, advances in molecular cell biology and in silico modelling have made it possible to dissect some of the underlying mechanisms. By reviewing the literature over the last five years, we provide an update on anticancer mechanisms associated with phytochemicals isolated from species in the Solanaceae plant family. These mechanisms are conveniently grouped into cell cycle arrest, transcription regulation, modulation of autophagy, inhibition of signalling pathways, suppression of metabolic enzymes, and membrane disruption. The majority of the bioactive compounds exert their antiproliferative effects by inhibiting diverse signalling pathways, as well as arresting the cell cycle. Furthermore, some of the phytochemicals are effective against more than one cancer type. Therefore, understanding these mechanisms provides paths for future formulation of novel anticancer drugs, as well as highlighting potential areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O. Nkwe
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana; (B.L.); (G.R.); (T.E.K.); (K.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Bonolo Lotshwao
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana; (B.L.); (G.R.); (T.E.K.); (K.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Gaolathe Rantong
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana; (B.L.); (G.R.); (T.E.K.); (K.M.); (G.G.)
| | - James Matshwele
- Department of Chemical and Forensic Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana;
- Department of Applied Sciences, Botho University, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Tebogo E. Kwape
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana; (B.L.); (G.R.); (T.E.K.); (K.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Kabo Masisi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana; (B.L.); (G.R.); (T.E.K.); (K.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Goabaone Gaobotse
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana; (B.L.); (G.R.); (T.E.K.); (K.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Kathleen Hefferon
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada;
| | - Abdullah Makhzoum
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana; (B.L.); (G.R.); (T.E.K.); (K.M.); (G.G.)
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Yang M, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Ma X, Han J, Zeng K, Jiang Y, Wang Z, Wang Z, Xu J, Hua Y, Cai Z, Sun W. MYLK4 promotes tumor progression through the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in osteosarcoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:166. [PMID: 33980265 PMCID: PMC8114533 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01965-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone cancer in adolescents and lung metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients with OS. However, the molecular mechanisms that promote OS growth and metastasis remain unknown. METHODS We investigated the expression of myosin light chain kinase family members between metastasis and non-metastasis patients in the TARGET database and ensured that only myosin light chain kinase family member 4 (MYLK4) had higher expression in metastatic osteosarcoma patients. Then we confirmed the results by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting (WB) of OS tissues. The effect of MYLK4 on the metastasis and proliferation of OS cells was investigated by wound healing, Transwell and colony-formation assays. Mass spectrum analysis was used to ensure the new binding protein of MYLK4. Tissue microarrays analysis was used to show the correlation between MYLK4 and pEGFR (Y1068). A series of in vivo experiments were conducted to reveal the mechanisms by which MYLK4 modulated the metastasis and proliferation of OS. RESULTS Myosin Light Chain Kinase Family Member 4 (MYLK4) was significantly upregulated in metastatic human OS tissues. Growth and metastasis of OS could be accelerated by MYLK4 overexpression, whereas silencing MYLK4 expression resulted in decreased cell growth and metastasis. Mechanistically, mass spectrum analysis showed that MYLK4 interacted with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in osteosarcoma cells and promoted growth and metastasis via the EGFR signaling pathway. Tissue microarrays analysis also showed that MYLK4 expression had a positive correlation with the expression of pEGFR (Y1068). Moreover, the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib could partially reverse the effect of cell proliferation and metastasis caused by MYLK4 overexpression. Importantly, the combination of MYLK4 and EGFR inhibitors had synergistic effects on growth and metastasis of OS in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that MYLK4 promotes OS growth and metastasis by activating the EGFR signaling pathway and can be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of OS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengkai Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China.
| | - Yangfeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
| | - Ke Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
| | - Yafei Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
| | - Zongyi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoying Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
| | - Yingqi Hua
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
| | - Zhengdong Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China.
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12
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Wang S, Wei H, Huang Z, Wang X, Shen R, Wu Z, Lin J. Epidermal growth factor receptor promotes tumor progression and contributes to gemcitabine resistance in osteosarcoma. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:317-324. [PMID: 33432347 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common type of primary malignant tumors that originate in the bone. Resistance to chemotherapy confers a poor prognosis on OS patients. Dysregulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling has been reported in sarcomas. However, the functional contribution of EGFR hyperactivation to the tumor biology and chemoresistance remains largely unexplored in OS. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of EGFR in OS progression and in the response of OS to gemcitabine treatment. The EGFR expression was found to be upregulated in fibroblastic OS cell lines. EGFR knockdown suppressed OS cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and tumor formation in vivo. Conversely, EGFR overexpression promoted the growth and motility of OS cells. In terms of mechanism, the levels of phospho-Akt and phospho-ERK were decreased upon EGFR knockdown but increased as a result of EGFR overexpression, implying a possible involvement of PI3K/Akt and ERK pathways in mediating the effects of EGFR on OS cells. Moreover, the level of phospho-EGFR was increased in OS cells when exposed to gemcitabine treatment. A more profound proliferative inhibition and a higher rate of apoptosis were obtained in OS cells via inducing cell cycle arrest at G1 phase upon gemcitabine treatment combined with EGFR knockdown, as compared to gemcitabine alone. On the contrary, EGFR overexpression counteracted the growth-inhibiting and pro-apoptotic effects of gemcitabine in OS cells. The present study suggests that EGFR promotes tumor progression and contributes to gemcitabine resistance in OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Hongxiang Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Xinwen Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The People’s Hospital of Jiangmen City, Jiangmen 529051, China
| | - Rongkai Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Zhaoyang Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Jianhua Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
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13
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Zhang LN, Xia YZ, Zhang C, Zhang H, Luo JG, Yang L, Kong LY. Vielanin K enhances doxorubicin-induced apoptosis via activation of IRE1α- TRAF2 - JNK pathway and increases mitochondrial Ca 2 + influx in MCF-7 and MCF-7/MDR cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 78:153329. [PMID: 32896708 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic failure and drug resistance are common and have important implications in the poor prognosis of advanced breast cancer. It is necessary to acquire a natural product to overcome the resistance of cancer and increase the sensitivity of drug-resistant cells to anticancer agents. PURPOSE To demonstrate whether the compound Vielanin K (VK) has the potential to increase the sensitivity of MCF-7 and MCF-7/MDR cells to anticancer agents. METHODS Cell viability and proliferative capacity were determined by MTT, colony formation and EdU assays. Apoptosis and Ca2+ accumulation were evaluated by flow cytometry. Then, proteins were detected by immunoblotting, and gene expression levels were explored by qRT-PCR. RESULTS In MCF-7 and corresponding MDR cells, VK increased the fluorescence intensity of Rho123, but not CFDA. VK treatment did not affect the protein expression of P-gp, MRP1 or BCRP. VK treatment enhanced the DOX-induced apoptotic cascade, while VK combined with DOX increased JNK phosphorylation by activating the IRE1α-TRAF2 signaling pathway. In addition, Ca2+ was released from the endoplasmic reticulum following combination treatment, thereby giving rise to mitochondrial apoptosis. Silencing IRE1α and JNK with small interfering RNA (siRNA) efficiently attenuated combination treatment-induced apoptosis. These effects caused mitochondrial depolarization and reduced viability in MCF-7 and corresponding MCF-7/MDR cells. CONCLUSION VK combined with DOX increases the apoptosis of MCF-7 and corresponding MCF-7/MDR cells by activating ER stress and mitochondrial apoptosis via IRE1α-TRAF2-JNK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nan Jing 210009, China
| | - Yuan-Zheng Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nan Jing 210009, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nan Jing 210009, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nan Jing 210009, China
| | - Jian-Guang Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nan Jing 210009, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nan Jing 210009, China.
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nan Jing 210009, China.
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Role of autophagy in regulation of cancer cell death/apoptosis during anti-cancer therapy: focus on autophagy flux blockade. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:475-488. [PMID: 32458284 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01239-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-degradation process in which the cytoplasmic cargoes are delivered to the lysosomes for degradation. As the cargoes are degraded/recycled, the autophagy process maintains the cellular homeostasis. Anti-cancer therapies induce apoptosis and autophagy concomitantly, and the induced autophagy normally prevents stress responses that are being induced. In such cases, the inhibition of autophagy can be a reasonable strategy to enhance the efficacy of anti-cancer therapies. However, recent studies have shown that autophagy induced by anti-cancer drugs causes cell death/apoptosis induction, indicating a controversial role of autophagy in cancer cell survival or death/apoptosis. Therefore, in the present review, we aimed to assess the signaling mechanisms involved in autophagy and cell death/apoptosis induction during anti-cancer therapies. This review summarizes the process of autophagy, autophagy flux and its blockade, and measurement and interpretation of autophagy flux. Further, it describes the signaling pathways involved in the blockade of autophagy flux and the role of signaling molecules accumulated by autophagy blockade in cell death/apoptosis in various cancer cells during anti-cancer therapies. Altogether, it implies that factors such as types of cancer, drug therapies, and characteristics of autophagy should be evaluated before targeting autophagy for cancer treatment.
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15
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Huang X, Wu W, Yang W, Qing X, Shao Z. Surface engineering of nanoparticles with ligands for targeted delivery to osteosarcoma. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 190:110891. [PMID: 32114271 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is one of the most common malignant bone tumors which affect adolescents. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by operation has become recommended for osteosarcoma treatment. Whereas, the effects of conventional chemotherapy are unsatisfactory because of multidrug resistance, fast clearance rate, nontargeted delivery, side effects and so on. Accordingly, Nanoparticle-mediated targeted drug delivery system (NTDDS) is recommended to be a novel treatment strategy for osteosarcoma. NTDDS can overcome the above obstacles by enhanced permeability and retention effect and active targeting. The active targeting of the delivery system is mainly based on ligands. In this study, we investigate and summarize the most common ligands used in the latest NTDDS for osteosarcoma. It might provide new insights into nanomedicine for osteosarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiangcheng Qing
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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16
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Qin D, Tang Y, Wang X, Mao Y, Feng Z. Antagonistic Effect of Cuscuta chinensis on a Rat Model with Unilateral Cryptorchidism. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:6727-6735. [PMID: 31493333 PMCID: PMC6752106 DOI: 10.12659/msm.916893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Cuscuta chinensis Lam. on germ cell apoptosis in a rat model of unilateral cryptorchidism. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty male SD rats were randomly and equally divided into a control group, a model group, and a Cuscuta group (5.0 g/kg/d) (n=10). The rat model of unilateral cryptorchidism in the model and Cuscuta groups was established by removal of the right gubernaculum, while rats in the control group received no treatment. After modeling, rats in the Cuscuta chinensis group were intragastrically administered Cuscuta chinensis extract (5.0 g/kg/d), while rats in the control group and model group were administered an equal volume of normal saline. After 90 days, all the rats were sacrificed and the testicles were separated and weighed, followed by TUNEL staining to detect germ cell apoptosis, flow cytometry to measure JC-1, ROS, and MDA, and Western blot analysis to evaluate the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase3. RESULTS Ninety days after the operation, Cuscuta chinensis Lam significantly minimized the damage caused by modeling by increasing weight of testis, reducing the germ cell apoptosis, and enhancing the mitochondrial membrane potential of testicles, as shown by levels of JC-1, ROS, and MDA, as well as elevating the level of Bcl-2/Bax and reducing the level of cleaved caspase3 (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Treatment with Cuscuta chinensis Lam reduced the germ cell apoptosis in rats with unilateral cryptorchidism, which provides new insight for the development of cryptorchidism therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daorui Qin
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yunman Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yu Mao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Zhichun Feng
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Division of Neonatology, Affiliated BaYi Children’s Hospital, Clinical Medical College in People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
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17
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Yuan Y, Wang Y, Liu Z, Sun Y, Yao Y, Yu W, Shen Z. MAT2B promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in osteosarcoma by targeting epidermal growth factor receptor and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:2019-2029. [PMID: 30942439 PMCID: PMC6521932 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most commonly diagnosed bone tumor in young people with poor prognosis. At present, the mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis in OS are not well understood. The methionine adnosyltransferase 2B (MAT2B) gene encodes the regulatory subunit of methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT). Recent studies demonstrated that it is highly expressed in a number of human malignancies; however, is undefined in OS. In the present study, MAT2B expression was investigated in tumor samples and cell lines. In vivo and in vitro, lentivirus‑mediated small hairpin RNA was constructed to target the MAT2B gene and examine the role of MAT2B in OS proliferation. Microarray analysis was performed to examine the possible downstream molecular target of MAT2B in OS. MAT2B was markedly increased in OS specimens compared with the normal bone tissues, and it was additionally abundantly expressed in OS cell lines. Inhibition of MAT2B expression caused a marked decrease in proliferation and significant increase in apoptosis. In vivo, MAT2B silencing significantly inhibited OS cell growth. Microarray analysis suggested that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) may function as downstream targets of MAT2B in OS, as confirmed by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays and western blotting. Collectively, these results suggested that MAT2B serves a critical role in the proliferation of OS by regulating EGFR and PCNA and that it may be a potential therapeutic target and prognostic factor of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Zimei Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Wenxi Yu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Zan Shen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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18
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Zhuo FF, Zhang C, Zhang H, Xia Y, Xue GM, Yang L, Kong LY. Chrysanthemulide A induces apoptosis through DR5 upregulation via JNK-mediated autophagosome accumulation in human osteosarcoma cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:13191-13208. [PMID: 30556589 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most frequent malignant primary bone tumor, and it generally develops a multidrug resistance. Chrysanthemulide A (CA) is a sesquiterpenoid from the herb Chrysanthemum indicum that has demonstrated a great anti-osteosarcoma potential. In this study, CA-induced apoptotic cell death resulted in the activation of the caspase-8-mediated caspase cascade, as evidenced by the cleavage of the substrate protein Bid and the caspase-8 inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. The CA treatment upregulated the expression of death receptor 5 (DR5) in both whole cells and the cell membrane. Blocking DR5 expression by the small interfering RNA (siRNA) treatment decreased the caspase-8-mediated caspase cascade and efficiently attenuated CA-induced apoptosis, suggesting the critical role of DR5 in CA-induced apoptotic cell death. CA-induced upregulation of the DR5 protein was accompanied by the accumulation of LC3B-II, indicating the formation of autophagosomes. Importantly, DR5 upregulation was mediated by transcriptionally controlled autophagosome accumulation, as blockade of autophagosomes by LC3B or ATG-5 siRNA substantially decreased DR5 upregulation. Furthermore, CA activated the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway, and treatment with JNK siRNAs or inhibitor SP600125 significantly attenuated CA-mediated autophagosome accumulation and DR5-mediated cell apoptosis. Finally, CA sensitized the osteosarcoma cells to the DR5 ligand tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptotic cell death. Above all, these results suggest that CA induces apoptosis through upregulating DR5 via JNK-mediated autophagosome accumulation and that combined treatment with CA and TRAIL might be a promising therapy for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Zhuo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanzheng Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gui-Min Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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