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Xing Z, Bi G, Li T, Zhang Q, Knight PR. Effect of Harvest Time on Growth and Bioactive Compounds in Salvia miltiorrhiza. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1788. [PMID: 38999628 PMCID: PMC11243644 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) is a perennial medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. It is adapted to a wide range of soil pH with the potential to serve as an alternative crop in the United States. To enhance its cultivation and economic viability, it is crucial to develop production practices that maximize bioactive compound yields for danshen. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different harvest times on plant growth and subsequent yields of bioactive components of danshen. Three harvest times were selected (60, 120, or 180 days after transplanting [DAT]). In general, plants harvested at 180 DAT had higher plant growth index (PGI), shoot number, shoot weight, root number, maximum root length, maximum root diameter, and root weight compared to plants harvested at 60 or 120 DAT. However, plants harvested at 60 or 120 DAT had higher SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development) values. Plants harvested at 120 or 180 DAT had a higher content of tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone, and salvianolic acid B compared to those harvested at 60 DAT. This study provides insights for optimizing the time of harvest of danshen to maximize plant growth and bioactive compound production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Xing
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Guihong Bi
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Tongyin Li
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Qianwen Zhang
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Patricia R Knight
- Coastal Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Poplarville, MS 39470, USA
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Zeng T, Zhou Y, Zheng JW, Zhuo X, Zhu L, Wan LH. Rosmarinic acid alleviates septic acute respiratory distress syndrome in mice by suppressing the bronchial epithelial RAS-mediated ferroptosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 135:112304. [PMID: 38776851 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Activating angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an important player in the pathogenesis of septic-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Rosmarinic acid (RA) as a prominent polyphenolic secondary metabolite derived from Rosmarinus officinalis modulates ACE2 in sepsis remains unclear, although its impact on ACE inhibition and septic-associated lung injury has been explored. The study investigated the ACE2 expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lungs in mice and BEAS2B cells. Additionally, molecular docking, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, and western blotting were employed to predict and evaluate the molecular mechanism of RA on LPS-induced ferroptosis in vivo and in vitro. LPS-induced glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) downregulation, ACE/ACE2 imbalance, and alteration of frequency of breathing (BPM), minute volume (MV), and the expiratory flow at 50% expired volume (EF50) were reversed by captopril pretreatment in vitro and in vivo. RA notably inhibited the infiltration into the lungs of neutrophils and monocytes with increased amounts of GPX4 and ACE2 proteins, lung function improvement, and decreased inflammatory cytokines levels and ER stress in LPS-induced ARDS in mice. Molecular docking showed RA was able to interact with ACE and ACE2. Moreover, combined with different pharmacological inhibitors to block ACE and ferroptosis, RA still significantly inhibited inflammatory cytokines Interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-X-C motif chemokine 2 (CXCL2) levels, as well as improved lung function, and enhanced GPX4 expression. Particularly, the anti-ferroptosis effect of RA in LPS-induced septic ARDS is RAS-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Intensive Care Unit, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Jing-Wen Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xin Zhuo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| | - Li-Hong Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
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Qin Z, Chen Y, Liu N, Wang Y, Su L, Liang B, Huang C. Mechanisms of Bushenyiqi decoction in the treatment of asthma: an investigation based on network pharmacology with experimental validation. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1361379. [PMID: 38590639 PMCID: PMC10999575 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1361379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: The Bushenyiqi decoction (BYD), a contemporary prescription of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been observed to significantly ameliorate asthma symptoms in patients based on clinical observations. Although multi-component and multi-target characteristics are important attributes of BYD treatment, its pharmacological effect on asthma and the underlying mechanism of action remain unclear. Method: Network pharmacology: the asthma-related genes were retrieved from the GeneCards and OMIM database. The active constituents of BYD and their corresponding target genes were collected from the TCMSP database. The underlying pathways associated with overlapping targets between BYD and asthma were identified through GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) enrichment analysis. Experimental validation: pulmonary function tests, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Hematoxylin and eosin (HE), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), and Masson's trichrome stainings were conducted to validate the efficacy of BYD in ameliorating airway inflammation in allergic asthma mice. Western blot (WB) and molecular docking were performed to confirm the involvement of the underlying pathway in BYD treatment of asthma. Results: The results of animal experiments demonstrated that BYD may improve airway responsiveness and suppress airway inflammation in allergic asthma mice. The network pharmacological analysis revealed the involvement of 11 potentially key active components, 9 potential key targets, and the phosphatidylinositol3 kinase-RAC-α serine/threonine-protein kinase (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway in the mechanism of action of BYD for asthma treatment. Our findings have confirmed that BYD effectively alleviated airway inflammation by targeting interleukin 6 (IL-6), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1A), with quercetin, kaempferol, and luteolin performing as the pivotal active constituents. BYD may potentially reduce inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissues by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Conclusion: In conclusion, the integration of network pharmacology and biological experiments has demonstrated that key constituents of BYD, such as quercetin, kaempferol, and luteolin, exhibit targeted effects on IL-6, EGFR, and HIF1A in combating asthma-related inflammation through inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The findings of this investigation provide evidence supporting the effectiveness of TCM's "bushenyiqi" therapy in asthma management, as corroborated by contemporary medical technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Qin
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yujuan Chen
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lili Su
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanjun Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Boo YC. Therapeutic Potential and Mechanisms of Rosmarinic Acid and the Extracts of Lamiaceae Plants for the Treatment of Fibrosis of Various Organs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:146. [PMID: 38397744 PMCID: PMC10886237 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, which causes structural hardening and functional degeneration in various organs, is characterized by the excessive production and accumulation of connective tissue containing collagen, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), etc. In traditional medicine, extracts of medicinal plants or herbal prescriptions have been used to treat various fibrotic diseases. The purpose of this narrative review is to discuss the antifibrotic effects of rosmarinic acid (RA) and plant extracts that contain RA, as observed in various experimental models. RA, as well as the extracts of Glechoma hederacea, Melissa officinalis, Elsholtzia ciliata, Lycopus lucidus, Ocimum basilicum, Prunella vulgaris, Salvia rosmarinus (Rosmarinus officinalis), Salvia miltiorrhiza, and Perilla frutescens, have been shown to attenuate fibrosis of the liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, and abdomen in experimental animal models. Their antifibrotic effects were associated with the attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation, cell activation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and fibrogenic gene expression. RA treatment activated peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) while suppressing the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and Wnt signaling pathways. Interestingly, most plants that are reported to contain RA and exhibit antifibrotic activity belong to the family Lamiaceae. This suggests that RA is an active ingredient for the antifibrotic effect of Lamiaceae plants and that these plants are a useful source of RA. In conclusion, accumulating scientific evidence supports the effectiveness of RA and Lamiaceae plant extracts in alleviating fibrosis and maintaining the structural architecture and normal functions of various organs under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chool Boo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea;
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
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Kowalczyk T, Sitarek P, Śliwiński T, Hatziantoniou S, Soulintzi N, Pawliczak R, Wieczfinska J. New Data on Anti-Inflammatory and Wound Healing Potential of Transgenic Senna obtusifolia Hairy Roots: In Vitro Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065906. [PMID: 36982980 PMCID: PMC10056933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is an inflammatory disease whose etiology remains unclear. Its characteristics encompass a wide range of clinical symptoms, inflammatory processes, and reactions to standard therapies. Plants produce a range of constitutive products and secondary metabolites that may have therapeutic abilities. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Senna obtusifolia transgenic hairy root extracts on virus-induced airway remodeling conditions. Three cell lines were incubated with extracts from transformed (SOA4) and transgenic (SOPSS2, with overexpression of the gene encoding squalene synthase 1) hairy roots of Senna obtusifolia in cell lines undergoing human rhinovirus-16 (HRV-16) infection. The effects of the extracts on the inflammatory process were determined based on the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1α and IFN-γ) and total thiol content. The transgenic Senna obtusifolia root extract reduced virus-induced expression of TNF, IL-8 and IL-1 in WI-38 and NHBE cells. The SOPSS2 extract reduced IL-1 expression only in lung epithelial cells. Both tested extracts significantly increased the concentration of thiol groups in epithelial lung cells. In addition, the SOPPS2 hairy root extract yielded a positive result in the scratch test. SOA4 and SOPPS2 Senna obtusifolia hairy root extracts demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects or wound healing activity. The SOPSS2 extract had stronger biological properties, which may result from a higher content of bioactive secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Śliwiński
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Sophia Hatziantoniou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Nikolitsa Soulintzi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Rafal Pawliczak
- Department of Immunopathology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, Bldg 2, Rm 177, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Wieczfinska
- Department of Immunopathology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, Bldg 2, Rm 177, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
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Niu W, Cao W, Wu F, Liang C. SUV39H1 Inhibits Angiogenesis in Limb Ischemia of Mice. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231198167. [PMID: 37811706 PMCID: PMC10563463 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231198167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD), characterized by atherosclerosis of the peripheral arteries or even amputation, has threatened public life and health. However, the underlying mechanism remains largely obscure. SUV39H1, a histone methyltransferase, could specifically methylate lysine 9 of histone H3 and act as a repressor in transcriptional activity. The study aimed to investigate the role of SUV39H1 in limb ischemia. C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into Sham or Model groups to investigate the expression of SUV39H1 in the ischemic limbs. Then, pharmaceutical inhibition or genetic deletion of SUV39H1 in the limb ischemia mice model was performed to confirm its effect on limb ischemia. The blood perfusion was quantified by laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI). Capillary density and muscle edema were measured by CD31 immunohistochemical staining and HE staining. The expressions of SUV39H1 and Catalase were confirmed by western blot. Transcriptome sequencing of siSUV39H1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was used to explore the regulation mechanism of SUV39H1 on angiogenesis. The results showed that SUV39H1 was highly expressed in the ischemic muscle tissue of the mice. Pharmaceutical inhibition or genetic deletion of SUV39H1 significantly improved blood perfusion, capillary density, and angiogenesis in ischemic muscle tissue. Cell experiments showed that SUV39H1 knockdown promoted cell migration, tube formation, and mitochondrial membrane potential in endothelial cells under oxidative stress. The transcriptome sequencing results unmasked mechanisms of the regulation of angiogenesis induced by SUV39H1. Finally, Salvianolic acid B and Astragaloside IV were identified as potential drug candidates for the improvement of endothelial function by repressing SUV39H1. Our study reveals a new mechanism in limb ischemia. Targeting SUV39H1 could improve endothelial dysfunction and thus prevent limb ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Niu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyue Cao
- Department of Ultrasonography, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Feng JH, Jung JS, Hwang SH, Lee SK, Lee SY, Kwak YG, Kim DH, Song CY, Kim MJ, Suh HW, Kim SC, Lim SS. The mixture of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. extract produces analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in a collagen-induced arthritis mouse model. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2022; 26:166-173. [PMID: 36046031 PMCID: PMC9423830 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2022.2106302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hui Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeon Sub Jung
- Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Soo Kyeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Korean Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Youn Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Gil Kwak
- Research Institute, Huons Foodience, Keumsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Ho Kim
- Research Institute, Huons Foodience, Keumsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chu-Youn Song
- Research Institute, Huons Foodience, Keumsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Research Institute, Huons Foodience, Keumsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Won Suh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chan Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Korean Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Zhou BW, Liu HM, Jia XH. The Role and Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Airway Inflammation and Remodeling in Asthma: Overview and Progress. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:917256. [PMID: 35910345 PMCID: PMC9335520 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.917256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma as an individual disease has blighted human health for thousands of years and is still a vital global health challenge at present. Though getting much progress in the utilization of antibiotics, mucolytics, and especially the combination of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting β-agonists (LABA), we are confused about the management of asthmatic airway inflammation and remodeling, which directly threatens the quality of life for chronic patients. The blind addition of ICS will not benefit the remission of cough, wheeze, or sputum, but to increase the risk of side effects. Thus, it is necessary to explore an effective therapy to modulate asthmatic inflammation and airway remodeling. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has justified its anti-asthma effect in clinical practice but its underlying mechanism and specific role in asthma are still unknown. Some animal studies demonstrated that the classic formula, direct exacts, and natural compounds isolated from TCM could significantly alleviate airway structural alterations and exhibit the anti-inflammatory effects. By investigating these findings and data, we will discuss the possible pathomechanism underlined airway inflammation and remodeling in asthma and the unique role of TCM in the treatment of asthma through regulating different signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-wen Zhou
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hua-man Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xin-hua Jia
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Xin-hua Jia,
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Salvianolic Acid B Alleviates Limb Ischemia in Mice via Promoting SIRT1/PI3K/AKT Pathway-Mediated M2 Macrophage Polarization. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1112394. [PMID: 35656466 PMCID: PMC9155924 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1112394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is an effective treatment agent for ischemic disease in China. However, Sal B's effects on peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and its mechanism remains poorly understood. Macrophage polarization plays a crucial role in PAD. Nevertheless, treatment modalities that increase the population of anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages are limited. This study aimed to explore the protective effects of Sal B on limb perfusion and investigate the mechanism of Sal B-induced macrophage polarization. C57BL/6 male mice (6 weeks) were randomized into control, Model + NS, and Model + Sal B groups (n = 5). Then, we established a hind limb ischemia mouse model to assess the Sal B's role (15 mg/kg/d) in PAD. We quantified the blood perfusion via laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) and measured the capillary density and muscle edema with CD31 and H&E staining. The Sal B-induced macrophage polarization was confirmed by qPCR and ELISA. The results showed that the Sal B group exhibited a significant improvement in the blood perfusion, capillary density, muscle edema, and M2 markers gene expressions. Cell migration and tube formation were promoted in the endothelial cells stimulated with a culture supernatant from Sal B-treated macrophages. In contrast, endothelial functions improved by Sal B-treated macrophages were impaired in groups treated with SIRT1 and PI3K inhibitors. These findings provide evidence for Sal B's protective role in PAD and demonstrate the enhancement of macrophage polarization via the SIRT1/PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Danshensu alleviates pseudo-typed SARS-CoV-2 induced mouse acute lung inflammation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:771-780. [PMID: 34267343 PMCID: PMC8280584 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can induce acute inflammatory response like acute lung inflammation (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome, leading to severe progression and mortality. Therapeutics for treatment of SARS-CoV-2-triggered respiratory inflammation are urgent to be discovered. Our previous study shows that Salvianolic acid C potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we investigated the antiviral effects of a Salvia miltiorrhiza compound, Danshensu, in vitro and in vivo, including the mechanism of S protein-mediated virus attachment and entry into target cells. In authentic and pseudo-typed virus assays in vitro, Danshensu displayed a potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 with EC50 of 0.97 μM, and potently inhibited the entry of SARS-CoV-2 S protein-pseudo-typed virus (SARS-CoV-2 S) into ACE2-overexpressed HEK-293T cells (IC50 = 0.31 μM) and Vero-E6 cell (IC50 = 4.97 μM). Mice received SARS-CoV-2 S via trachea to induce ALI, while the VSV-G treated mice served as controls. The mice were administered Danshensu (25, 50, 100 mg/kg, i.v., once) or Danshensu (25, 50, 100 mg·kg-1·d-1, oral administration, for 7 days) before SARS-CoV-2 S infection. We showed that SARS-CoV-2 S infection induced severe inflammatory cell infiltration, severely damaged lung tissue structure, highly expressed levels of inflammatory cytokines, and activated TLR4 and hyperphosphorylation of the NF-κB p65; the high expression of angiotensinogen (AGT) and low expression of ACE2 at the mRNA level in the lung tissue were also observed. Both oral and intravenous pretreatment with Danshensu dose-dependently alleviated the pathological alterations in mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 S. This study not only establishes a mouse model of pseudo-typed SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2 S) induced ALI, but also demonstrates that Danshensu is a potential treatment for COVID-19 patients to inhibit the lung inflammatory response.
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He S, Wang T, Shi C, Wang Z, Fu X. Network pharmacology-based approach to understand the effect and mechanism of Danshen against anemia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114615. [PMID: 34509606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Danshen, the dried rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., is widely used to treat cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in China. However, its role in nourishing blood, which has been detailed in historical literature for thousands of years, is perpetually disputed in the academic field. Moreover, there is no systematic research on Danshen in treating anemia. This research aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Danshen on anemia in a zebrafish model based on the results of a network pharmacology study. MATERIALS AND METHODS The network pharmacology study was based on the screening of chemical components and related targets from TCMSP and SwissADME database. The genes associated with anemia were obtained from DisgeNet database, and the genes with the intersection of Danshen target genes were screened out. The Cytoscape 3.7.2 software package was used to construct the "ingredient-target-pathway" network. The exploration of target interaction by String system and the enrichment analysis by Metascape system, was used to discover the possible anti-anemia action mechanism of Danshen. Then, a zebrafish anemia model was induced by vinorelbine followed by the administration of aqueous/ethanol extract of Danshen in contrast to SiWu Decoction (SWD), which is generally acknowledged as a positive drug for tonifying blood. Afterward, the red blood cell signal, cardiac output, and blood flow velocity were detected to evaluate their blood-enriching effects. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to analyze the mRNA levels of hematopoietic-related factors, which were predicted in network pharmacology. RESULTS Compounds and target screening hinted that 115 chemical targets from Danshen were related to anemia, KEGG pathway enrichment results suggested that the mechanism of Danshen in treating anemia was significantly related to the Jak-STAT signaling pathway. Pharmacodynamic results showed that aqueous extract of Danshen (DSAE) and ethanol extract of Danshen (DSEE) markedly enhanced the number of red blood cells, cardiac output, and blood flow velocity. Compared with DSAE, DSEE exerted anti-anemia effects at a lower dose; however, along with higher toxicity. PCR data demonstrated that DSAE and DSEE treatment both upregulated the mRNA expression of erythroid hematopoiesis-related factors in the Epo-JAK-STAT signaling pathway, such as Gata-1, Epo, EpoR, Jak2, STAT3, and STAT5. In general, DSAE exhibited higher activation of this signaling than DSEE. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that DSAE and DSEE both possess blood-enriching functions related with their ability to promote Jak-STAT signaling. DSAE exerted lower toxicity and attenuated anemia over a wider dose range than DSEE, which suggests that DSAE may be more suitable for the treatment for anemia. These results presented experimental evidence for the clinical use of Danshen as an intervention for anemia, especially in chemotherapy-induced anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- School of Pharmacology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, PR China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Journal Editorial Board of Science and Technology Department, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Congwei Shi
- Institute for Literature and Culture of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 250355, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhenguo Wang
- Institute for Literature and Culture of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 250355, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Xianjun Fu
- Institute for Literature and Culture of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 250355, Shandong, PR China; Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Center, Qingdao Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, 266114, Shandong, PR China; Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center on Omics of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan, 250355, Shandong, PR China.
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12
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Zhang YL, Yin Q, Peng HM, Huang R, Zhou JW, Liu LH, Gao HQ, Zhao CP, Peng XH, Xiao L, Nie J, Yang QC, He CY, Hu GS, Chen JC, Jia JM, Fang JB. Network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation to explore the mechanism of Hanchuan Zupa Granule in asthma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114534. [PMID: 34419609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hanchuan Zupa Granule (HCZP) is a classic prescription of Uyghur medicine, that is used for cough and abnormal mucinous asthma caused by a cold and "Nai-Zi-Lai". AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to explore the possible molecular mechanism of HCZP in the treatment of asthma, using a network pharmacology method and in vivo experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, we conducted qualitative analysis of the chemical composition of HCZP as a basis for network pharmacology analysis. Using network pharmacology tools, the possible signaling pathways of HCZP in the treatment of asthma were obtained. An OVA-sensitized asthma model was established, and HCZP was continuously administered for one week. BALF was collected for cell counting, and serum and lung tissues were collected to analyze the expression of IgE, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IFN-γ. Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining was performed to assess the pathological changes in the lung tissues. Related protein expression in the lung tissues was analyzed by Western blotting for molecular mechanism exploration. RESULTS Fifty-six chemical compounds were identified by UPLC Q-TOF MS. According to the network pharmacology results, 18 active compounds were identified among the 56 compounds, and 68 target genes of HCZP in the treatment of asthma were obtained. A total of 19 pathways were responsible for asthma (P < 0.05) according to KEGG pathway analysis. In vivo results showed that OVA sensitivity induced increased respiratory system resistance and inflammatory responses, which included inflammatory cell infiltration and high levels of IgE, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in serum and lung tissues. Furthermore, OVA upregulated p-PI3K, p-JNK and p-p38 expression in lung tissues. Moreover, HCZP treatment significantly downregulated respiratory system resistance, and the expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IgE, as well as significantly improved inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissues. Moreover, the protein expression of p-PI3K, p-JNK and p-p38 in lung tissues decreased after HCZP treatment. CONCLUSION HCZP significantly inhibited the OVA-induced inflammatory response via the PI3K-Akt and Fc epsilon RI signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Pharmacy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Qiang Yin
- Xinjiang Uygur Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, No. 2, Shenyang Street, Urumqi Economic and Technological Development Zone, Toutunhe District, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830026, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Hui-Ming Peng
- Department of Anatomy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, Hubei, China.
| | - Jie-Wen Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Lin-Hui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Han-Qi Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Chuan-Peng Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Xin-Hang Peng
- Hubei Institute for Drug Control, Wuhan, 430064, China.
| | - Ling Xiao
- Hubei Institute for Drug Control, Wuhan, 430064, China.
| | - Jing Nie
- Hubei Institute for Drug Control, Wuhan, 430064, China.
| | - Quan-Cheng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Chun-Ye He
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Gao-Sheng Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Jia-Chun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Jing-Ming Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Jin-Bo Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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13
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Li S, Li Z, Tan T, Dai S, Wu Y, Xu F. Tanshinone IIA improves degranulation of mast cells and allergic rhinitis induced by ovalbumin by inhibiting the PLCγ1/PKC/IP3R pathway. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S702-S710. [PMID: 34792426 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211058884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common allergic inflammatory and chronic reactive disease caused by allergen-induced immunoglobulin E (IgE). Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is one of the active ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen) and plays a vital role in inhibiting inflammation. Thus, we hypothesized that Tan IIA has anti-allergic effects and studied the function of Tan IIA in mast cells and an AR animal model. We induced RBL-2H3 cell sensitization with monoclonal anti-2,4,6-dinitrophenyl-immunoglobulin (Ig) E/human serum albumin (DNP-IgE/HSA) and constructed an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR model in mice. The role of Tan IIA in AR progression was studied using the MTT assay, ELISA, western blot, toluidine blue staining, HE staining, and Alcian blue and safranin O (A&S) staining. Tan IIA treatment significantly increased IgE/HSA-induced cell viability. However, Tan IIA treatment markedly downregulated the expression levels of β-hexosaminidase, histamine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-4, and IL-5 in IgE/HSA-induced cells. Furthermore, Tan IIA improved typical symptoms in the OVA-induced AR model mice by inhibiting the phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1)/protein kinase C (PKC)/IP3R pathway. Additionally, Tan IIA effectively improved the degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells and OVA-induced AR in mice. Together, these results suggest that Tan IIA may be a potential drug for the treatment of AR in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouye Li
- College of Pharmacy, 117839Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheming Li
- College of Pharmacy, 117839Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Tan
- Internal Medicine Department, Zhejiang Provincial General Team Hospital of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shijie Dai
- College of Pharmacy, 117839Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangsheng Wu
- College of Pharmacy, 117839Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Faying Xu
- School of Medical Imaging, 117839Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Salvianolic Acid A Suppresses DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-Like Symptoms in BALB/c Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:7902592. [PMID: 34691223 PMCID: PMC8531767 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7902592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic, pruritic, and relapsing inflammatory skin disorder, is growing. Because available therapeutics is limited, immune regulators from natural resources could be helpful for treating AD symptoms. The root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Lamiaceae) has been studied for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, including dermatologic disorders in Korea. This study examined the effect of salvianolic acid A on AD-like symptoms. Sensitization on the dorsal skin and repeated application on the ears with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) were performed in BALB/c mice to induce AD-like skin lesions. After induction of atopic dermatitis, salvianolic acid A (5 and 10 mg/kg) or dexamethasone (10 mg/kg) were administrated via intraperitoneal injection for 3 weeks. Salvianolic acid A suppressed DNCB-induced AD-like symptoms like ear skin hypertrophy and decreased mast cell infiltration into skin lesions. Salvianolic acid A not only reduced DNCB-induced increase of serum IgE but also lowered levels of the Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13), Th1 cytokine (interferon-γ), and Th17 cytokine (IL-17A). Furthermore, salvianolic acid A blocked DNCB-induced lymph node enlargement. In summary, these results suggest that salvianolic acid A might have a therapeutic potential for the treatment of AD.
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15
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Mahalakshmi B, Huang CY, Lee SD, Maurya N, kiefer R, Bharath Kumar V. Review of Danshen: From its metabolism to possible mechanisms of its biological activities. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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16
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Su L, Su Y, An Z, Zhang P, Yue Q, Zhao C, Sun X, Zhang S, Liu X, Li K, Zhao L. Fermentation products of Danshen relieved dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental ulcerative colitis in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16210. [PMID: 34376708 PMCID: PMC8355158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94594-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increased incidence and recognition, ulcerative colitis (UC) has become a global public health problem in the world. Although many immunosuppressant and biological drugs have been used for UC treatment, the cure rate is still very low. It is necessary to find some safe and long-term used medicine for UC cure. Recently, the Chinese traditional herb Danshen has been investigated in the treatment of UC. However, it is a limitation of Danshen that many of the active components in Danshen are not easily absorbed by the human body. Probiotics could convert macromolecules into smaller molecules to facilitate absorption. Thus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (F-B4-1) and Bacillus subtillis Natto (F-A7-1) were screened to ferment Danshen in this study. The fermented Danshen products were gavaged in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC model mice. Danshen had better results to attenuate symptoms of DSS-induced UC after fermented with F-B4-1 and F-A7-1. Loss of body weight and disease activity index (DAI) were reduced. The abnormally short colon lengths and colonic damage were recovered. And fermented Danshen had the better inhibitory effect than Danshen itself on pro-inflammatory cytokine expression during DSS-induced UC. The results indicated that compared with Danshen, fermented Danshen relieved DSS-induced UC in mice more effectively. Danshen fermented by probiotics might be an effective treatment to UC in clinic stage in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Yue Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Zaiyong An
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Qiulin Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research and Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Xin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Xinli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Kunlun Li
- Jinan Hangchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China.
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17
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Liu H, Zhang X, Shao Y, Lin X, Dong F, Liu X. Danshensu alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting lung fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition via the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Bioengineered 2021; 12:3113-3124. [PMID: 34187349 PMCID: PMC8806824 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1944020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic pulmonary interstitial disease, and its pathological process is closely related to fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation. Danshensu (DSS) has been reported to exert an anti-fibrotic effect in heart and liver. However, it is unknown whether DSS has an equally anti-fibrotic effect on lungs. To evaluate the effect of DSS on PF and demonstrate its possible molecular mechanisms, we established an in vitro model on TGF-β1 (5 ng/mL)-stimulated NIH3T3 cells and in vivo model on bleomycin (BLM) (5 mg/kg)-induced PF mice. In vitro, our results revealed that 50 μM DSS effectively inhibited the fibroblast proliferation, migration and differentiation into myofibroblast. In vivo, our results showed that DSS (28 and 56 mg/kg) reduced damaged lung structures, infiltrated inflammatory cells and accumulated areas of collagen deposition. Moreover, we showed that DSS decreased the fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP-1) - and α-SMA-positive areas. Meanwhile, we indicated that DSS reduced the expression of TGF-β1, α-SMA and COL-I in the lung tissues of mice. To further explore the mechanism of DSS on alleviating PF, we detected the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Our results showed that DSS reduced the phosphorylation of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2, indicating that DSS might inhibit the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Taken together, these results demonstrated that DSS could suppress lung fibroblast proliferation, migration and differentiation to myofibroblasts, possibly through suppressing the MEK/ERK signaling pathway, which suggested that DSS might be a potential therapeutic drug for PF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaman Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Department of General Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yumeng Shao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xuehong Lin
- Department of General Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Dong
- Department of General Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Liu
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Department of Respiration, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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18
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Liu JX, Zhang Y, Yuan HY, Liang J. The treatment of asthma using the Chinese Materia Medica. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 269:113558. [PMID: 33186702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Asthma is a costly global health problem that negatively influences the quality of life of patients. The Chinese Materia Medica (CMM) contains remedies that have been used for the treatment of asthma for millennia. This article strives to systematically summarize the current research progress so that more comprehensive examinations of various databases related to CMM anti-asthma drugs, can be performed, so as to sequentially provide effective basic data for development and application of anti-asthma drugs based on the CMM. MATERIALS AND METHODS The research data published over the past 20 years for asthma treatment based on traditional CMM remedies were retrieved and collected from libraries and online databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, Spring Link, Web of Science, PubChem Compound, Wan Fang, CNKI, Baidu, and Google Scholar). Information was also added from classic CMM, literature, conference papers on classic herbal formulae, and dissertations (PhD or Masters) based on traditional Chinese medicine. RESULTS This review systematically summarizes the experimental studies on the treatment of asthma with CMM, covering the effective chemical components, typical asthma models, important mechanisms and traditional anti-asthma CMM formulae. The therapy value of the CMM for anti-asthma is clarified, and the original data and theoretical research foundation are provided for the development of new anti-asthmatic data and research for the CMM. CONCLUSIONS Substantial progress against asthma has been made through relevant experimental research based on the CMM. These advances improved the theoretical basis of anti-asthma drugs for CMM and provided a theoretical basis for the application of a asthma treatment that is unique. By compiling these data, it is expected that the CMM will now contain a clearer mechanism of action and a greater amount of practical data that can be used for future anti-asthma drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang Nursing College, 209 Academy Road, Harbin, 150086, PR China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Hong-Yu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Jun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, PR China.
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19
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Extracts of Thai Perilla frutescens nutlets attenuate tumour necrosis factor-α-activated generation of microparticles, ICAM-1 and IL-6 in human endothelial cells. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:224731. [PMID: 32426811 PMCID: PMC7260356 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevation of endothelial microparticles (EMPs) play an important role in the progression of inflammation-related vascular diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Thai perilla (Perilla frutescens) nutlets are rich in phenolic compounds and flavonoids that exert potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We found that the ethyl acetate (EA) and ethanol (Eth) extracts of Thai perilla nutlets contain phenolic compounds such as luteolin, apigenin, chryseoriol and their glycosides, which exhibit antioxidant activity. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of the extracts on endothelial activation and EMPs generation in tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced EA.hy926 cells. We found that TNF-α (10 ng/ml) activated EA.hy926 cells and subsequently generated EMPs. Pre-treatment with the extracts significantly attenuated endothelial activation by decreasing the expression of the intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in a dose-dependent manner. Only the Eth extract showed protective effects against overproduction of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the activated cells. Furthermore, the extracts significantly reduced TNF-α-enhanced EMPs generation in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, Thai perilla nutlet extracts, especially the Eth extract, may have potential to protect endothelium against vascular inflammation through the inhibition of endothelial activation and the generation of endothelial microparticles (EMPs).
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20
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Dalouchi F, Falak R, Bakhshesh M, Sharifiaghdam Z, Azizi Y, Aboutaleb N. Human amniotic membrane mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium reduces inflammatory factors and fibrosis in ovalbumin-induced asthma in mice. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:544-554. [PMID: 33258520 DOI: 10.1113/ep088911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Is mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium capable of improving the pathological alterations of ovalbumin-induced asthma in mice? What is the main finding and its importance? Our study indicated that human amniotic membrane mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium is capable of modulating inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress and the pathological consequences of ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma in mice. ABSTRACT Paracrine factors secreted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties, and the conditioned medium (CM) of these cells might have functional capabilities. We examined the effects of human amniotic membrane MSC-CM (hAM-MSC-CM) on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma. Forty male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into the following four groups: control; OVA (sensitized and challenged with OVA); OVA+CM (sensitized and challenged with OVA and treated with hAM-MSC-CM); and OVA+Placebo (sensitized and challenged with OVA and treated with placebo). Forty-eight hours after the last challenge, serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were collected and used for evaluation of inflammatory factors and cells, respectively. Lung tissue sections were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin or Masson's Trichrome to evaluate pathological changes, and oxidative stress was assessed in fresh lung tissues. Treatment with hAM-MSC-CM significantly hindered histopathological changes and fibrosis and reduced the total cell count and the percentage of eosinophils and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Furthermore, it reduced serum levels of immunoglobulin E, interleukin-4, transforming growth factor-β and lung malondialdehyde. It also increased serum levels of interferon-γ and interleukin-10, in addition to the enzymatic activity of glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase in lung tissue in comparison to the OVA and OVA+Placebo groups. This study showed that administration of hAM-MSC-CM can improve pathological conditions, such as inflammation, fibrosis and oxidative stress, in OVA-induced allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Dalouchi
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Physiology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raza Falak
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Bakhshesh
- Department of Physiology, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | | | - Yaser Azizi
- Physiology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Aboutaleb
- Physiology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Wang RN, Zhao HC, Huang JY, Wang HL, Li JS, Lu Y, Di LQ. Challenges and strategies in progress of drug delivery system for traditional Chinese medicine Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Danshen). CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2021; 13:78-89. [PMID: 36117766 PMCID: PMC9476708 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), with a history of thousands of years, are widely used clinically with effective treatment. However, the drug delivery systems (DDSs) for TCMs remains major challenges due to the characteristics of multi-components including alkaloids, flavones, anthraquinones, glycosides, proteins, volatile oils and other types. Therefore, the novel preparations and technology of modern pharmaceutics is introduced to improve TCM therapeutic effects due to instability and low bioavailability of active ingredients. Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, the radix and rhizomes of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen in Chinese), is a well known Chinese herbal medicine for protecting the cardiovascular system, with active ingredients mainly including lipophilic tanshinones and hydrophilic salvianolic acids. In this review, this drug is taken as an example to present challenges and strategies in progress of DDSs for TCMs. This review would also summary the characteristics of active ingredients in it including physicochemical properties and pharmacological effects. The purpose of this review is to provide inspirations and ideas for the DDSs designed from TCMs by summarizing the advances on DDSs for both single- and multi-component from Danshen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-ning Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, Nanjing 210046, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Hua-cong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jian-yu Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Hong-lan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jun-song Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Liu-qing Di
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, Nanjing 210046, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Nam YK, Jin SC, Kim MH, Choi LY, Lee YB, Yang WM. Banhahubak-Tang Tablet, a Standardized Medicine Attenuates Allergic Asthma via Inhibition of Janus Kinase 1 (JAK1)/ Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 6 (STAT6) Signal Pathway. Molecules 2020; 25:E2206. [PMID: 32397290 PMCID: PMC7248972 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) has been known to be one of the risk factors to cause allergic asthma, leading to development of respiratory disease. Banhahubak-tang tablet (BHT), a standardized Korean Medicine, is prescribed for neurasthenia, laryngopharyngitis and asthma. In this study, we investigated therapeutic effects of BHT on airway inflammation in ovalbumin (OVA) and PM smaller than 10 μm (PM10)-induced allergic asthma mice. To establish allergic asthma with airway hyper-responsiveness by PM10, BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA and PM10, and orally administered BHT. Histological staining was performed to assess airway remodeling. Serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for measuring immunoglobulin levels and counting inflammatory cells, respectively. Expression levels of Janus kinase 1 (JAK1)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6), pro-inflammatory cytokines and type 2 T-helper (Th2)-related cytokines were analyzed in vivo and in vitro models. Histopathological analysis demonstrated that BHT suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration, mucus hypersecretion and collagen deposition in the airway. BHT administration effectively decreased number of inflammatory cells in BALF. BHT reduced total serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE) and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels. In addition, BHT significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK1 and STAT6 expressions. Release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and Th2-related cytokines were down-regulated by BHT. In conclusion, BHT mitigated airway inflammation by down-regulating pro-inflammatory and Th2-related cytokines via JAK1/STAT6 signaling. BHT might be a promising herbal medicine for preventing airway inflammation. Moreover, an intervention study among humans is needed to further evaluate the possible beneficial effects of BHT in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Kyung Nam
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.K.N.); (S.C.J.); (M.H.K.); (L.Y.C.)
| | - Seong Chul Jin
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.K.N.); (S.C.J.); (M.H.K.); (L.Y.C.)
| | - Mi Hye Kim
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.K.N.); (S.C.J.); (M.H.K.); (L.Y.C.)
| | - La Yoon Choi
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.K.N.); (S.C.J.); (M.H.K.); (L.Y.C.)
| | - Yong-Bok Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Woong Mo Yang
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.K.N.); (S.C.J.); (M.H.K.); (L.Y.C.)
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23
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Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines in Postoperative Abdominal Adhesion. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8073467. [PMID: 32419827 PMCID: PMC7199640 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8073467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion is a frequent complication after abdominal surgery. Although various methods have been applied to prevent and treat postoperative abdominal adhesion (PAA), few modern drugs designed for clinical applications have reached the expected preventive or therapeutic effect so far. There is an imperative to develop some new strategies for the treatment of PAA. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely practiced for thousands of years and played an indispensable role in the prevention and treatment of diseases. Modern medicine researchers have accepted the therapeutic effects of many active components derived from Chinese medicinal herbs. The review stresses the most commonly used TCM treatment, including Chinese medicinal herbals and monomers, TCM formulas, and acupuncture treatment.
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24
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Henry LJK, Ramar MK, Palanisamy S, Natesan S, Kandasamy R. Mechanistic investigation of PPARγ-facilitated anti-asthmatic effects of Galangin (Norizalpinin): Insights from in silico and in vivo analyses. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:833-840. [PMID: 32273087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a multifaceted ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates inflammatory responses in asthma pathophysiology. The present study corroborates PPARγ-mediated anti-asthmatic action of the flavonoid, galangin (norizalpinin). In silico molecular interactions reveal that galangin formed three H-bonds (Glu291, Leu340 and Ser342) and a π-sigma bond (Arg288) with PPARγ, contributing to the binding affinity and stability of the complex. In vivo studies explore the role of galangin as a propitious PPARγ agonist in mitigating airway inflammation, thereby excluding ligand-independent action of PPARγ. Accordingly, oral administration of galangin significantly ameliorated airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation and goblet cell hyperplasia by the suppression of IL-4, 5, 13, 17, TNF-α, NO, ROS, EPO, IgE and increase of IFN-γ in ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma model. PPARγ expression (mRNA and protein) studies were performed to elucidate a possible mechanism by which galangin modulates. Furthermore, to eliminate PPARγ-independent effects of galangin, a specific PPARγ antagonist (GW9662) was administered, which dramatically reversed the effects of galangin on PPARγ up-regulation, confirming the pleiotropic role of galangin as a PPARγ agonist in asthma therapeutics. Taken together, our findings communicate that PPARγ plays as a master regulator in the anti-asthmatic action of galangin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Jeeva Kumari Henry
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Research, National Facility for Drug Development (NFDD) for Academia, Pharmaceutical and Allied Industries, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational Research (CENTRE), Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohan Kumar Ramar
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Research, National Facility for Drug Development (NFDD) for Academia, Pharmaceutical and Allied Industries, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational Research (CENTRE), Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvamani Palanisamy
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Research, National Facility for Drug Development (NFDD) for Academia, Pharmaceutical and Allied Industries, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational Research (CENTRE), Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramanian Natesan
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Research, National Facility for Drug Development (NFDD) for Academia, Pharmaceutical and Allied Industries, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational Research (CENTRE), Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ruckmani Kandasamy
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Research, National Facility for Drug Development (NFDD) for Academia, Pharmaceutical and Allied Industries, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational Research (CENTRE), Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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25
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Fu L, Han B, Zhou Y, Ren J, Cao W, Patel G, Kai G, Zhang J. The Anticancer Properties of Tanshinones and the Pharmacological Effects of Their Active Ingredients. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:193. [PMID: 32265690 PMCID: PMC7098175 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a common malignant disease worldwide with an increasing mortality in recent years. Salvia miltiorrhiza, a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, has been used for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases for thousands of years. The liposoluble tanshinones in S. miltiorrhiza are important bioactive components and mainly include tanshinone IIA, dihydrodanshinone, tanshinone I, and cryptotanshinone. Previous studies showed that these four tanshinones exhibited distinct inhibitory effects on tumor cells through different molecular mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. The mechanisms mainly include the inhibition of tumor cell growth, metastasis, invasion, and angiogenesis, apoptosis induction, cell autophagy, and antitumor immunity, and so on. In this review, we describe the latest progress on the antitumor functions and mechanisms of these four tanshinones to provide a deeper understanding of the efficacy. In addition, the important role of tumor immunology is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Han
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzhi Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gopal Patel
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Yan Y, Liu L, Dou Z, Xu Y, Yan X. Soufeng Yuchuan decoction mitigates the ovalbumin-induced lung damage in a rat model of asthma. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109933. [PMID: 32036215 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling is a key feature of asthma. Extracellular matrix synthesis and vascular remodeling respectively regulated by transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), are important for the airway remodeling. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Soufeng Yuchuan (SFYC) decoction, a Traditional Chinese Medicine, on airway remodeling and expression of VEGF and TGF-β1 in asthma model rats. A rat model of asthma was induced by ovalbumin (OVA) treatment. The results showed that SFYC decoction improved general conditions and reduced the damage in lung tissues in asthma model rats. Furthermore, SFYC decoction significantly reduced the OVA-induced levels of VEGF and TGF-β1 in sera and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Moreover, SFYC decoction decreased the OVA-induced VEGF mRNA and protein levels in lung tissues in asthma model rats. Interestingly, SFYC with high dose was more potent in reducing TGF-β1 level in rat sera and BALF than dexamethasone (positive control). In summary, SFYC decoction effectively mitigates lung damage in OVA-induced asthma model rats, which was associated with inhibition of VEGF and TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Yan
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ziying Dou
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Paediatrics, Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Nanchang University School of Medicine, Nanchang, China
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27
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Zhao M, Li F, Jian Y, Wang X, Yang H, Wang J, Su J, Lu X, Xi M, Wen A, Li J. Salvianolic acid B regulates macrophage polarization in ischemic/reperfused hearts by inhibiting mTORC1-induced glycolysis. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 871:172916. [PMID: 31930970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play important roles in the healing and remodeling of cardiac tissues after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Here we investigated the potential effects of salvianolic acid B (SalB), one of the abundant and bioactive compounds extracted from Chinese herb Salvia Miltiorrhiza (Danshen), on macrophage-mediated inflammation after MI/R and the underlying mechanisms. In primary cultured bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), SalB attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced M1 biomarkers (IL-6, iNOS, CCL2 and TNF-α) mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, M2 biomarkers (Arg1, Clec10a and Mrc) mRNA levels following interleukinin-4 (IL-4) stimulation were significantly upregulated by SalB. In addition, LPS stimulation potently induced transcriptional upregulation of RagD, an important activation factor of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Interestingly, SalB inhibited RagD upregulation and mTORC1 activation, decreased glycolysis, and reduced inflammatory cytokine production in LPS-stimulated macrophages, all of which were blunted in RagD knockdown macrophages. In mice subjected to MI/R, SalB treatment decreased cardiac M1-macrophages and increased M2-macrophages at 3 days post-MI/R, followed by decreased collagen deposition and ameliorated cardiac dysfunction at 7 days post-MI/R. Collectively, our data have shown that SalB decreases M1-polarized macrophages in MI/R hearts via inhibiting mTORC1-dependent glycolysis, which might contribute to alleviated inflammation and improved cardiac dysfunction afforded by SalB after MI/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yufan Jian
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xinpei Wang
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hongyan Yang
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Armed Police Corps Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xinming Lu
- YouYi Clinical Laboratories of Shaanxi, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710065, China
| | - Miaomiao Xi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; TANK Medicinal Biology Institute of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Aidong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Jia Li
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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28
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Cui S, Chen S, Wu Q, Chen T, Li S. A network pharmacology approach to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of effective ingredients from Salvia miltiorrhiza. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 81:106040. [PMID: 31818704 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza, known as Danshen in Chinese, has been widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases in China. Tanshinone I (Tan I) and cryptotanshinone (CST) are the lipid-soluble and effective components from Salvia miltiorrhiza. However, the molecular mechanism of Tan I and CST for treating inflammation is still not known. Therefore, this study was designed to use network pharmacology-based strategy to predict therapeutic targets of Tan I and CST against inflammation, and further to investigate the pharmacological molecular mechanism in vitro. Inflammation targets were identified and followed by acquisition of verified targets of Tan I and CST. After constructing target-functional protein interaction network of Tan I and CST against inflammation, the core therapeutic targets of Tan I and CST against inflammation were obtained. Further, pathway enrichment analyses were performed on core therapeutic targets to evaluate key signaling pathways of Tan I and CST against inflammation. As revealed in network pharmacology analysis, 8 key hub targets for Tan I and CST against inflammation were identified, respectively: JUN, VEGFA, IL-6, TNF, MAPK8, CXCL8, and PTGS2 for Tan I, while STAT3, AKT1, CCND1, MAPK14, VEGFA, ESR1, MAPK8 and AR for CST. Pathway enrichment analysis by DAVID database indicated that Tan I and CST principally regulated the inflammation-associated pathway, such as TLR, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, focal adhesion, apoptosis, mTOR signaling pathway. In vitro, we found that both Tan I and CST exerts significantly effect on LPS stimulated NO secretion and iNOS expression in macrophages. Taken together, our data elucidate that anti-inflammatory pharmacological activities of Tan I and CST may be predominantly related to inhibition of TLR signaling pathway and regulating iNOS synthesis. These findings highlight the predicted therapeutic targets may be potential targets of Tan I and CST for anti-inflammation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuna Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College of Yangzhou University, JiangYang Middle Road 136, Yangzhou 225001, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College of Yangzhou University, JiangYang Middle Road 136, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College of Yangzhou University, JiangYang Middle Road 136, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College of Yangzhou University, JiangYang Middle Road 136, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Shihua Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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29
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Xiao YQ, Shao D, Sheng ZW, Wang Q, Shi SR. A mixture of daidzein and Chinese herbs increases egg production and eggshell strength as well as blood plasma Ca, P, antioxidative enzymes, and luteinizing hormone levels in post-peak, brown laying hens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3298-3303. [PMID: 30993323 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with the isoflavone, daidzein, has been shown to improve egg production in poultry. Additionally, providing Chinese herbs (CH) in the broiler diet has led to increased antioxidative enzyme activity. However, the combined effect of these dietary supplements on hen performance has not been examined. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if dietary supplementation with a mixture of daidzein and CH would alter laying performance, egg quality, and blood plasma constituents of post-peak laying hens. At 59 wk of age, Hyline brown hens (240) were randomly allocated to 2 dietary groups and fed for 16 wk. The control group received the basal diet, and a treatment group was fed the basal diet that contained 0.02% of a mixture of daidzein and CH. Egg production and weight were recorded daily and egg quality data were collected at 75 wk of age. Blood plasma antioxidant activity, hormone levels, mineral (Ca and P) content, and osteocalcin content were determined at the end of the study. The results showed that laying rate, egg mass, and shell strength were greater in the daidzein-CH mixture group than the controls (P < 0.05). The plasma glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and luteinizing hormone levels were also greater in the daidzein-CH mixture group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The results of this study reveal that supplementing diets with a daidzein-CH mixture can improve laying performance perhaps by increasing plasma antioxidant activity, luteinizing hormone levels, and mineral content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Q Xiao
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China.,Institute of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive (Poultry institute), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China
| | - D Shao
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China.,Institute of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive (Poultry institute), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China
| | - Z W Sheng
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China.,Institute of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive (Poultry institute), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China
| | - Q Wang
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China.,Institute of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive (Poultry institute), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China
| | - S R Shi
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China.,Institute of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive (Poultry institute), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225125, China
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30
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Heo JY, Im DS. Anti-allergic effects of salvianolic acid A and tanshinone IIA from Salvia miltiorrhiza determined using in vivo and in vitro experiments. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 67:69-77. [PMID: 30537633 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza root has been used in Asian traditional medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, asthma, and other conditions. Salvianolic acid B from S. miltiorrhiza extracts has been shown to improve airway hyperresponsiveness. We investigated the effects of salvianolic acid A, tanshinone I, and tanshinone IIA from S. miltiorrhiza in allergic asthma by using rat RBL-2H3 mast cells and female Balb/c mice. Antigen-induced degranulation was assessed by measuring β-hexosaminidase activity in vitro. In addition, a murine ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma model was used to test the in vivo efficacy of salvianolic acid A and tanshinone IIA. Tanshinone I and tanshinone IIA inhibited antigen-induced degranulation of mast cells, but salvianolic acid A did not. Administration of salvianolic acid A and tanshinone IIA decreased the number of immune cells, particularly eosinophils in allergic asthma-induced mice. Histological studies showed that salvianolic acid A and tanshinone IIA reduced mucin production and inflammation in the lungs. Administration of salvianolic acid A and tanshinone IIA reduced the expression and secretion of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissues of mice with ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma. These findings provide evidence that salvianolic acid A and tanshinone IIA may be potential anti-allergic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Yeong Heo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soon Im
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
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