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Salem HF, Aboud HM, Abdellatif MM, Abou-Taleb HA. Nose-to-Brain Targeted Delivery of Donepezil Hydrochloride via Novel Hyaluronic Acid-Doped Nanotransfersomes for Alzheimer's Disease Mitigation. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:1934-1945. [PMID: 38369023 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most serious neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive and memorial defects alongside deterioration in behavioral, thinking and social skills. Donepezil hydrochloride (DPZ) is one of the current two FDA-approved cholinesterase inhibitors used for the management of Alzheimer's disease. The current study aimed to formulate hyaluronic acid-coated transfersomes containing DPZ (DPZ-HA-TFS) for brain delivery through the intranasal pathway to surpass its oral-correlated GIT side effects. DPZ-HA-TFS were produced using a thin film hydration method and optimized with a 24 factorial design. The influence of formulation parameters on vesicle diameter, entrapment, cumulative release after 8 h, and ex vivo nasal diffusion after 24 h was studied. The optimal formulation was then evaluated for morphology, stability, histopathology and in vivo biodistribution studies. The optimized DPZ-HA-TFS formulation elicited an acceptable vesicle size (227.5 nm) with 75.83% entrapment efficiency, 37.94% cumulative release after 8 h, 547.49 µg/cm2 permeated through nasal mucosa after 24 h and adequate stability. Histopathological analysis revealed that the formulated DPZ-HA-TFS was nontoxic and tolerable for intranasal delivery. Intranasally administered DPZ-HA-TFS manifested significantly superior values for drug targeting index (5.08), drug targeting efficiency (508.25%) and direct nose-to-brain transport percentage (80.32%). DPZ-HA-TFS might be deemed as a promising intranasal nano-cargo for DPZ cerebral delivery to tackle Alzheimer's disease safely, steadily and in a non-invasive long-term pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba F Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Heba M Aboud
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Mostafa M Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Heba A Abou-Taleb
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Merit University, Sohag, Egypt
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2
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Opatha SAT, Chutoprapat R, Khankaew P, Titapiwatanakun V, Ruksiriwanich W, Boonpisuttinant K. Asiatic acid-entrapped transfersomes for the treatment of hypertrophic scars: In vitro appraisal, bioactivity evaluation, and clinical study. Int J Pharm 2024; 651:123738. [PMID: 38158144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Non-invasive treatment options for hypertrophic scars (HTS) are limited, and treating HTS remains challenging due to their unappealing appearance and associated social stigma. In this work, a novel transfersomal system named Asiatic acid-entrapped transfersomes (AATs) was prepared. AATs were evaluated for their skin permeability, anti-inflammatory activity, and other characteristic parameters to determine the most promising formulation. Asiatic acid-entrapped transfersomal gel (AATG), which was obtained by incorporating the lead AATs in a gel base, underwent testing in an 8-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, split-skin clinical study. The net skin elasticity (R5), melanin index (MI), and skin surface hydration were analyzed employing Cutometer®, Mexameter®, and Corneometer®, respectively, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed AATG. AATs exhibited vesicular sizes and zeta potential values within the range of (27.15 ± 0.95 to 63.54 ± 2.51 nm) and (-0.010 to -0.129 mV), respectively. TW80AAT gave the highest %EE (90.84 ± 2.99%), deformability index (101.70 ± 11.59 mgs-1), permeation flux at 8 h (0.146 ± 0.005 mg/cm2/h), and anti-inflammatory activity (71.65 ± 1.83%). The clinical study results of AATG indicated no adverse skin reactions. Furthermore, product efficacy tests demonstrated a significant reduction in MI and an increase in net skin elasticity at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. These pilot study outcomes support the effectiveness of the AATG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakthi Apsara Thejani Opatha
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Romchat Chutoprapat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand.
| | - Pichanon Khankaew
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Varin Titapiwatanakun
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Warintorn Ruksiriwanich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; Lanna Rice Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Korawinwich Boonpisuttinant
- Innovative Natural Products from Thai Wisdoms (INPTW), Faculty of Integrative Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathumthani, 12130, Thailand
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Bansal K, Singh V, Mishra S, Bajpai M. Articulating the Pharmacological and Nanotechnological Aspects of Genistein: Current and Future Prospectives. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:807-824. [PMID: 38902930 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010265344230919170611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Throughout the past several centuries, herbal constituents have been the subject of scientific interest and the latest research into their therapeutic potential is underway. Genistein is a soy-derived isoflavone found in huge amounts in soy, along with the plants of the Fabaceae family. Scientific studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of genistein on various health conditions. Genistein presents a broad range of pharmacological activities, including anticancer, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antiulcer, anti-diabetic, wound healing, anti-bacterial, antiviral, skin, and radioprotective effects. However, the hydrophobic nature of genistein results in constrained absorption and restricts its therapeutic potential. In this review, the number of nanocarriers for genistein delivery has been explored, such as polymeric nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, transferosomes, and nanoemulsions and nanofibers. These nano-formulations of genistein have been utilized as a potential strategy for various disorders, employing a variety of ex vivo, in vitro, and in vivo models and various administration routes. This review concluded that genistein is a potential therapeutic agent for treating various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disorders, obesity, diabetes, ulcers, etc., when formulated in suitable nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Bansal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vanshita Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Samiksha Mishra
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Meenakshi Bajpai
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Stoilov B, Truong VK, Gronthos S, Vasilev K. Noninvasive and Microinvasive Nanoscale Drug Delivery Platforms for Hard Tissue Engineering. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:2925-2943. [PMID: 37565698 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue plays a crucial role in protecting internal organs and providing structural support and locomotion of the body. Treatment of hard tissue defects and medical conditions due to physical injuries, genetic disorders, aging, metabolic syndromes, and infections is more often a complex and drawn out process. Presently, dealing with hard-tissue-based clinical problems is still mostly conducted via surgical interventions. However, advances in nanotechnology over the last decades have led to shifting trends in clinical practice toward noninvasive and microinvasive methods. In this review article, recent advances in the development of nanoscale platforms for bone tissue engineering have been reviewed and critically discussed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of noninvasive and microinvasive methods for treating medical conditions related to hard tissue regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borislav Stoilov
- Biomedical Nanoengineering Laboratory, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Vi Khanh Truong
- Biomedical Nanoengineering Laboratory, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Stan Gronthos
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide/SAHMRI, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- Biomedical Nanoengineering Laboratory, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
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Qin H, Song Z, Zhao C, Li S, Ali A, Zheng W. miR-363-3p/PTEN is involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism by genistein in HepG2 cells via ERβ. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 115:154839. [PMID: 37121060 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genistein (GEN) is one of the most well-known phytoestrogens identified in various legumes. Although increasing evidence shows GEN has a potential use in phytotherapy to regulate lipid metabolism, its therapeutic mechanisms have not yet been completely elucidated, especially epigenetic alterations of miRNAs to alleviate lipid accumulation in the liver remains unknown. PURPOSE To clarify how GEN modulates the miRNA profile in HepG2 cells and investigate molecular mechanisms of the modulated miRNA on regulating hepatic lipid metabolism. METHODS The miRNA microarray was performed to compare the miRNAs expression patterns, followed by determining principal miRNA and its target gene associated with hepatic lipid metabolism modulated by GEN. miR-363-3p mimics (mi) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-siRNA were transfected into HepG2 cells and GEN was further treated with the cells for 24 h RESULTS: GEN induced downregulation of miR-363-3p and upregulation of PTEN, which was a target mRNA of miR-363-3p. The miR-363-3p mi led to an upregulation of sterol-regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and its downstream lipid synthesis-related factors in HepG2 cells. In addition, the inhibition of PTEN led to an increase of lipogenesis, which was associated with the AKT/mTOR signal regulation. However, GEN treatment could abrogate the lipogenic effects of miR-363-3p mi or PTEN siRNA. The modulation was associated with estrogen receptor β (ERβ). CONCLUSION We discerned a new mechanism that GEN regulated hepatic lipid metabolism by inhibiting miR-363-3p, which could be mediated via ERβ and by targeting PTEN in HepG2 cells. Additionally, GEN reduced hepatic lipid accumulation by regulating PTEN-AKT/mTOR signal. It implicated a protective role of GEN by elucidating its epigenetic modification of the miRNA modulated by ERβ on improving hepatic lipid metabolism and provided novel evidence of the mechanism on targeting miR-363-3p/PTEN in treating hepatic lipid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qin
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Ziyu Song
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Chunyu Zhao
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Sha Li
- Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 509 Wanjiali North Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, China
| | - Anwar Ali
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Wenya Zheng
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
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Migheli R, Lostia G, Galleri G, Rocchitta G, Serra PA, Campesi I, Bassareo V, Acquas E, Peana AT. New perspective for an old drug: Can naloxone be considered an antioxidant agent? Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 34:101441. [PMID: 36875795 PMCID: PMC9975616 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Experimental evidence indicates that Naloxone (NLX) holds antioxidant properties. The present study aims at verifying the hypothesis that NLX could prevent oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in PC12 cells. Methods To investigate the antioxidant effect of NLX, initially, we performed electrochemical experiments by means of platinum-based sensors in a cell-free system. Subsequently, NLX was tested in PC12 cells on H2O2-induced overproduction of intracellular levels of reactive-oxygen-species (ROS), apoptosis, modification of cells' cycle distribution and damage of cells' plasma membrane. Results This study reveals that NLX counteracts intracellular ROS production, reduces H2O2-induced apoptosis levels, and prevents the oxidative damage-dependent increases of the percentage of cells in G2/M phase. Likewise, NLX protects PC12 cells from H2O2- induced oxidative damage, by preventing the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Moreover, electrochemical experiments confirmed the antioxidant properties of NLX. Conclusion Overall, these findings provide a starting point for studying further the protective effects of NLX on oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Migheli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
- Corresponding author.
| | - Giada Lostia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Grazia Galleri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gaia Rocchitta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Pier Andrea Serra
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Campesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Valentina Bassareo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center of Excellence for the Study of Neurobiology of Addiction, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elio Acquas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences and Center of Excellence for the Study of Neurobiology of Addiction, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra T. Peana
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
- Corresponding author.
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Hussain Z, Thu HE, Khan S, Sohail M, Sarfraz RM, Mahmood A, Abourehab MA. Phytonanomedicines, a state-of-the-art strategy for targeted delivery of anti-inflammatory phytochemicals: A review of improved pharmacokinetic profile and therapeutic efficacy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
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8
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Rasheed S, Rehman K, Shahid M, Suhail S, Akash MSH. Therapeutic potentials of genistein: New insights and perspectives. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14228. [PMID: 35579327 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Genistein, a polyphenolic isoflavone compound found abundantly in soy or soy-based products, is widely consumed in the Asian population. Genistein has poor bioavailability, to overcome this problem many advanced nano-drug delivery carrier systems are designed to enhance its water solubility and stability. However, further research is required to develop more efficient bioavailability improvement strategies. Genistein is a phytoestrogen which has been associated with reducing the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and diabetes mellitus. This plant-based bioactive compound possesses numerous biological activities such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-cancer, cardioprotective, and anti-diabetic activities to treat various disease states. Genistein has been used as an active therapeutic agent in many medications. Moreover, several clinical trials are in the ongoing stage to develop more efficient treatment therapies, especially for cancer treatment. This article highlights the protective and therapeutic benefits of genistein in the treatment of different ailments, and more specifically elaborates on the anti-cancer potential of genistein regarding various types of cancers. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Genistein possesses versatile biological activities, including anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-obesity, and anti-angiogenic. The most studied activity is anti-cancer. Currently, a number of pre-clinical and clinical trials are being carried out on anti-neoplastic and cytotoxic activities of genistein to develop novel therapeutic agents with excellent anti-cancer potential for the treatment of various kinds of cancer. Moreover, many bioavailability enhancement strategies have been developed to improve the bioavailability of genistein. Genistein shows significant hypoglycemic effects alone or in combination with other anti-diabetic agents. Genistein in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents is used for the treatment of prostate, bone, colorectal, glioma, breast, and bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumbal Rasheed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Momina Shahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shaleem Suhail
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Rajamma SS, Krishnaswami V, Prabu SL, Kandasamy R. Geophila repens phytosome-loaded intranasal gel with improved nasal permeation for the effective treatment of Alzheimer's disease. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.103087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Limongi T, Susa F, Marini M, Allione M, Torre B, Pisano R, di Fabrizio E. Lipid-Based Nanovesicular Drug Delivery Systems. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3391. [PMID: 34947740 PMCID: PMC8707227 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In designing a new drug, considering the preferred route of administration, various requirements must be fulfilled. Active molecules pharmacokinetics should be reliable with a valuable drug profile as well as well-tolerated. Over the past 20 years, nanotechnologies have provided alternative and complementary solutions to those of an exclusively pharmaceutical chemical nature since scientists and clinicians invested in the optimization of materials and methods capable of regulating effective drug delivery at the nanometer scale. Among the many drug delivery carriers, lipid nano vesicular ones successfully support clinical candidates approaching such problems as insolubility, biodegradation, and difficulty in overcoming the skin and biological barriers such as the blood-brain one. In this review, the authors discussed the structure, the biochemical composition, and the drug delivery applications of lipid nanovesicular carriers, namely, niosomes, proniosomes, ethosomes, transferosomes, pharmacosomes, ufasomes, phytosomes, catanionic vesicles, and extracellular vesicles.
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Akram MW, Jamshaid H, Rehman FU, Zaeem M, Khan JZ, Zeb A. Transfersomes: a Revolutionary Nanosystem for Efficient Transdermal Drug Delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 23:7. [PMID: 34853906 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transdermal delivery system has gained significance in drug delivery owing to its advantages over the conventional delivery systems. However, the barriers of stratum corneum along with skin irritation are its major limitations. Various physical and chemical techniques have been employed to alleviate these impediments. Among all these, transfersomes have shown potential for overcoming the associated limitations and successfully delivering therapeutic agents into systemic circulation. These amphipathic vesicles are composed of phospholipids and edge activators. Along with providing elasticity, edge activator also affects the vesicular size and entrapment efficiency of transfersomes. The mechanism behind the enhanced permeation of transfersomes through the skin involves their deformability and osmotic gradient across the application site. Permeation enhancers can further enhance their permeability. Biocompatibility; capacity for carrying hydrophilic, lipophilic as well as high molecular weight therapeutics; deformability; lesser toxicity; enhanced permeability; and scalability along with potential for surface modification, active targeting, and controlled release render them ideal designs for efficient drug delivery. The current review provides a brief account of the discovery, advantages, composition, synthesis, comparison with other cutaneous nano-drug delivery systems, applications, and recent developments in this area.
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Feng Z, Wang C, Jin Y, Meng Q, Wu J, Sun H. Kaempferol-induced GPER upregulation attenuates atherosclerosis via the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:1106-1116. [PMID: 34403325 PMCID: PMC8436971 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1961823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The effect of kaempferol, a regulator of oestrogen receptors, on atherosclerosis (AS) and the underlying mechanism is elusive. OBJECTIVE To explore the effect and mechanism of kaempferol on AS. METHODS AND MATERIALS In vivo, C57BL/6 and apolipoprotein E (APOE)-/- mice were randomly categorized into six groups (C57BL/6: control, ovariectomy (OVX), high-fat diet (HFD); APOE-/-: OVX-HFD, OVX-HFD + kaempferol (50 mg/kg) and OVX-HFD + kaempferol (100 mg/kg) and administered with kaempferol for 16 weeks, intragastrically. Oil-Red and haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining were employed to examine the effect of kaempferol. In vitro, human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were pre-treated with or without kaempferol (5, 10 or 20 μM), followed by administration with kaempferol and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) (200 μg/mL). The effect of kaempferol was evaluated using flow cytometry, and TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labelling (TUNEL). RESULTS In vivo, kaempferol (50 and 100 mg/kg) normalized the morphology of blood vessels and lipid levels and suppressed inflammation and apoptosis. It also activated the G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor (GPER) and PI3K/AKT/nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathways. In vitro, ox-LDL (200 μg/mL) reduced the cell viability to 50% (IC50). Kaempferol (5, 10 or 20 μM) induced-GPER activation increased cell viability to nearly 10%, 19.8%, 30%, and the decreased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation (16.7%, 25.6%, 31.1%), respectively, consequently attenuating postmenopausal AS. However, the protective effects of kaempferol were blocked through co-treatment with si-GPER. CONCLUSIONS The beneficial effects of kaempferol against postmenopausal AS are associated with the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 pathways, mediated by the activation of GPER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Jin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- CONTACT Huijun Sun Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian116044, China
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Can A, Tyler AI, Mackie AR. Potential use of bile salts in lipid self-assembled systems for the delivery of phytochemicals. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Demartis S, Rassu G, Murgia S, Casula L, Giunchedi P, Gavini E. Improving Dermal Delivery of Rose Bengal by Deformable Lipid Nanovesicles for Topical Treatment of Melanoma. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:4046-4057. [PMID: 34554752 PMCID: PMC8564756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Cutaneous melanoma
is one of the most aggressive and metastatic
forms of skin cancer. However, current therapeutic options present
several limitations, and the annual death rate due to melanoma increases
every year. Dermal delivery of nanomedicines can effectively eradicate
primary melanoma lesions, avoid the metastatic process, and improve
survival. Rose Bengal (RB) is a sono-photosensitizer drug with intrinsic
cytotoxicity toward melanoma without external stimuli but the biopharmaceutical
profile limits its clinical use. Here, we propose deformable lipid
nanovesicles, also known as transfersomes (TF), for the targeted dermal
delivery of RB to melanoma lesions to eradicate them in the absence
of external stimuli. Considering RB’s poor ability to cross
the stratum corneum and its photosensitizer nature, transfersomal
carriers were selected simultaneously to enhance RB penetration to
the deepest skin layers and protect RB from undesired photodegradation.
RB-loaded TF dispersion (RB-TF), prepared by a modified reverse-phase
evaporation method, were nanosized with a ζ-potential value
below −30 mV. The spectrophotometric and fluorimetric analysis
revealed that RB efficiently interacted with the lipid phase. The
morphological investigations (transmission electron microscopy and
small-angle X-ray scattering) proved that RB intercalated within the
phospholipid bilayer of TF originating unilamellar and deformable
vesicles, in contrast to the rigid multilamellar unloaded ones. Such
outcomes agree with the results of the in vitro permeation study,
where the lack of a burst RB permeation peak for RB-TF, observed instead
for the free drug, suggests that a significant amount of RB interacted
with lipid nanovesicles. Also, RB-TF proved to protect RB from undesired
photodegradation over 24 h of direct light exposure. The ex vivo epidermis
permeation study proved that RB-TF significantly increased RB’s
amount permeating the epidermis compared to the free drug (78.31 vs
38.31%). Finally, the antiproliferative assays on melanoma cells suggested
that RB-TF effectively reduced cell growth compared to free RB at
the concentrations tested (25 and 50 μM). RB-TF could potentially
increase selectivity toward cancer cells. Considering the outcomes
of the characterization and cytotoxicity studies performed on RB-TF,
we conclude that RB-TF represents a valid potential alternative tool
to fight against primary melanoma lesions via dermal delivery in the
absence of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Demartis
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Sergio Murgia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.,CSGI, Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Casula
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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15
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Barani M, Sangiovanni E, Angarano M, Rajizadeh MA, Mehrabani M, Piazza S, Gangadharappa HV, Pardakhty A, Mehrbani M, Dell’Agli M, Nematollahi MH. Phytosomes as Innovative Delivery Systems for Phytochemicals: A Comprehensive Review of Literature. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6983-7022. [PMID: 34703224 PMCID: PMC8527653 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s318416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, medicinal herbs and their phytochemicals have emerged as a great therapeutic option for many disorders. However, poor bioavailability and selectivity might limit their clinical application. Therefore, bioavailability is considered a notable challenge to improve bio-efficacy in transporting dietary phytochemicals. Different methods have been proposed for generating effective carrier systems to enhance the bioavailability of phytochemicals. Among them, nano-vesicles have been introduced as promising candidates for the delivery of insoluble phytochemicals. Due to the easy preparation of the bilayer vesicles and their adaptability, they have been widely used and approved by the scientific literature. The first part of the review is focused on introducing phytosome technology as well as its applications, with emphasis on principles of formulations and characterization. The second part provides a wide overview of biological activities of commercial and non-commercial phytosomes, divided by systems and related pathologies. These results confirm the greater effectiveness of phytosomes, both in terms of biological activity or reduced dosage, highlighting curcumin and silymarin as the most formulated compounds. Finally, we describe the promising clinical and experimental findings regarding the applications of phytosomes. The conclusion of this study encourages the researchers to transfer their knowledge from laboratories to market, for a further development of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Barani
- Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 76169-13555, Iran
| | - Enrico Sangiovanni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Marco Angarano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | | | - Mehrnaz Mehrabani
- Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Stefano Piazza
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | | | - Abbas Pardakhty
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Mehrbani
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mario Dell’Agli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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16
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The Beneficial Role of Natural Endocrine Disruptors: Phytoestrogens in Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3961445. [PMID: 34527172 PMCID: PMC8437597 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3961445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia with a growing incidence rate primarily among the elderly. It is a neurodegenerative, progressive disorder leading to significant cognitive loss. Despite numerous pieces of research, no cure for halting the disease has been discovered yet. Phytoestrogens are nonestradiol compounds classified as one of the endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), meaning that they can potentially disrupt hormonal balance and result in developmental and reproductive abnormalities. Importantly, phytoestrogens are structurally, chemically, and functionally akin to estrogens, which undoubtedly has the potential to be detrimental to the organism. What is intriguing, although classified as EDCs, phytoestrogens seem to have a beneficial influence on Alzheimer's disease symptoms and neuropathologies. They have been observed to act as antioxidants, improve visual-spatial memory, lower amyloid-beta production, and increase the growth, survival, and plasticity of brain cells. This review article is aimed at contributing to the collective understanding of the role of phytoestrogens in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Importantly, it underlines the fact that despite being EDCs, phytoestrogens and their use can be beneficial in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease.
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17
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Emad NA, Ahmed B, Alhalmi A, Alzobaidi N, Al-Kubati SS. Recent progress in nanocarriers for direct nose to brain drug delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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18
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Perteghella S, Rassu G, Gavini E, Obinu A, Bari E, Mandracchia D, Bonferoni MC, Giunchedi P, Torre ML. Crocetin as New Cross-Linker for Bioactive Sericin Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050680. [PMID: 34065101 PMCID: PMC8150760 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The nose-to-brain delivery route is used to bypass the blood–brain barrier and deliver drugs directly into the brain. Over the years, significant signs of progress have been made in developing nano-drug delivery systems to address the very low drug transfer levels seen with conventional formulations (e.g., nasal solutions). In this paper, sericin nanoparticles were prepared using crocetin as a new bioactive natural cross-linker (NPc) and compared to sericin nanoparticles prepared with glutaraldehyde (NPg). The mean diameter of NPc and NPg was about 248 and 225 nm, respectively, and suitable for nose-to-brain delivery. The morphological investigation revealed that NPc are spherical-like particles with a smooth surface, whereas NPg seem small and rough. NPc remained stable at 4 °C for 28 days, and when freeze-dried with 0.1% w/v of trehalose, the aggregation was prevented. The use of crocetin as a natural cross-linker significantly improved the in vitro ROS-scavenging ability of NPc with respect to NPg. Both formulations were cytocompatible at all the concentrations tested on human fibroblasts and Caco-2 cells and protected them against oxidative stress damage. In detail, for NPc, the concentration of 400 µg/mL resulted in the most promising to maintain the cell metabolic activity of fibroblasts higher than 90%. Overall, the results reported in this paper support the employment of NPc as a nose-to-brain drug delivery system, as the brain targeting of antioxidants is a potential tool for the therapy of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Perteghella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.P.); (E.B.); (M.C.B.); (M.L.T.)
- PharmaExceed S.r.l., 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.G.); (A.O.); (P.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0-7922-8735
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.G.); (A.O.); (P.G.)
| | - Antonella Obinu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.G.); (A.O.); (P.G.)
| | - Elia Bari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.P.); (E.B.); (M.C.B.); (M.L.T.)
| | - Delia Mandracchia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Maria Cristina Bonferoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.P.); (E.B.); (M.C.B.); (M.L.T.)
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.G.); (A.O.); (P.G.)
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.P.); (E.B.); (M.C.B.); (M.L.T.)
- PharmaExceed S.r.l., 27100 Pavia, Italy
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19
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Transmucosal Solid Lipid Nanoparticles to Improve Genistein Absorption via Intestinal Lymphatic Transport. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020267. [PMID: 33669306 PMCID: PMC7920073 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein (GEN) is a soy-derived isoflavone that exhibits several biological effects, such as neuroprotective activity and the prevention of several types of cancer and cardiovascular disease. However, due to its poor water solubility and the extensive first-pass metabolism, the oral bioavailability of GEN is limited. In this work, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were developed to preferentially reach the intestinal lymphatic vessels, avoiding the first-pass metabolism of GEN. GEN-loaded SLN were obtained by a hot homogenization process, and the formulation parameters were chosen based on already formulated studies. The nanoparticles were characterized, and the preliminary in vitro chylomicron formation was evaluated. The cell uptake of selected nanocarriers was studied on the Caco-2 cell line and intestinal mucosa. The SLN, characterized by a spherical shape, showed an average diameter (about 280 nm) suitable for an intestinal lymphatic uptake, good stability during the testing time, and high drug loading capacity. Furthermore, the intestinal mucosa and Caco-2 cells were found to uptake SLN. The approximately two-fold increase in particle size suggested a possible interaction between SLN and the lipid components of chylomicrons like phospholipid; therefore, the results may support the potential for these SLN to improve oral GEN bioavailability via intestinal lymphatic absorption.
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20
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Multifaceted implementation of nanotechnology in ameliorating therapeutic efficacy of soy phytoestrogens: Comprehensive review on the state of art. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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21
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Zou Y, Fan F, Fang Y, Li P, Xia J, Shen X, Liu Q, Hu Q. Neuroprotective Effect of Alkylresorcinols from Wheat Bran in HT22 Cells: Correlation with in vitro Antioxidant Activity. EFOOD 2021. [DOI: 10.2991/efood.k.210125.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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22
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Obinu A, Porcu EP, Piras S, Ibba R, Carta A, Molicotti P, Migheli R, Dalpiaz A, Ferraro L, Rassu G, Gavini E, Giunchedi P. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as Formulative Strategy to Increase Oral Permeation of a Molecule Active in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Management. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1132. [PMID: 33255304 PMCID: PMC7760137 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of mycobacterial efflux pumps in drug-resistant tuberculosis has been widely reported. Recently, a new compound, named SS13, has been synthesized, and its activity as a potential efflux inhibitor has been demonstrated. In this work, the chemical-physical properties of the SS13 were investigated; furthermore, a formulative study aimed to develop a formulation suitable for oral administration was performed. SS13 shows nonintrinsic antitubercular activity, but it increases the antitubercular activity of all the tested drugs on several strains. SS13 is insoluble in different simulated gastrointestinal media; thus, its oral absorption could be limited. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were, therefore, developed by using two different lipids, Witepsol and/or Gelucire. Nanoparticles, having a particle size (range of 200-450 nm with regards to the formulation composition) suitable for intestinal absorption, are able to load SS13 and to improve its permeation through the intestinal mucosa compared to the pure compound. The cytotoxicity is influenced by the concentration of nanoparticles administered. These promising results support the potential application of these nanocarriers for increasing the oral permeation of SS13 in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Obinu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.O.); (E.P.P.); (S.P.); (R.I.); (A.C.); (G.R.); (P.G.)
| | - Elena Piera Porcu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.O.); (E.P.P.); (S.P.); (R.I.); (A.C.); (G.R.); (P.G.)
| | - Sandra Piras
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.O.); (E.P.P.); (S.P.); (R.I.); (A.C.); (G.R.); (P.G.)
| | - Roberta Ibba
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.O.); (E.P.P.); (S.P.); (R.I.); (A.C.); (G.R.); (P.G.)
| | - Antonio Carta
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.O.); (E.P.P.); (S.P.); (R.I.); (A.C.); (G.R.); (P.G.)
| | - Paola Molicotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Rossana Migheli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, viale San Pietro 43/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Dalpiaz
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, via Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.O.); (E.P.P.); (S.P.); (R.I.); (A.C.); (G.R.); (P.G.)
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.O.); (E.P.P.); (S.P.); (R.I.); (A.C.); (G.R.); (P.G.)
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.O.); (E.P.P.); (S.P.); (R.I.); (A.C.); (G.R.); (P.G.)
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23
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Bahadur S, Sachan N, Harwansh RK, Deshmukh R. Nanoparticlized System: Promising Approach for the Management of Alzheimer's Disease through Intranasal Delivery. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1331-1344. [PMID: 32160843 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200311131658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative brain problem and responsible for causing dementia in aged people. AD has become most common neurological disease in the elderly population worldwide and its treatment remains still challengeable. Therefore, there is a need of an efficient drug delivery system which can deliver the drug to the target site. Nasal drug delivery has been used since prehistoric times for the treatment of neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD). For delivering drug to the brain, blood brain barrier (BBB) is a major rate limiting factor for the drugs. The desired drug concentration could not be achieved through the conventional drug delivery system. Thus, nanocarrier based drug delivery systems are promising for delivering drug to brain. Nasal route is a most convenient for targeting drug to the brain. Several factors and mechanisms need to be considered for an effective delivery of drug to the brain particularly AD. Various nanoparticlized systems such as nanoparticles, liposomes, exosomes, phytosomes, nanoemulsion, nanosphere, etc. have been recognized as an effective drug delivery system for the management of AD. These nanocarriers have been proven with improved permeability as well as bioavailability of the anti-Alzheimer's drugs. Some novel drug delivery systems of anti-Alzheimer drugs are under investigation of different phase of clinical trials. Present article highlights on the nanotechnology based intranasal drug delivery system for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, consequences of AD, transportation mechanism, clinical updates and recent patents on nose to brain delivery for AD have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Bahadur
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura - 281406, India
| | - Nidhi Sachan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida - 202301, India
| | - Ranjit K Harwansh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura - 281406, India
| | - Rohitas Deshmukh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura - 281406, India
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24
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Bicker J, Fortuna A, Alves G, Falcão A. Nose-to-brain Delivery of Natural Compounds for the Treatment of Central Nervous System Disorders. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:594-619. [PMID: 31939728 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200115101544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several natural compounds have demonstrated potential for the treatment of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic cerebrovascular disease, glioblastoma, neuropathic pain, neurodegenerative diseases, multiple sclerosis and migraine. This is due to their well-known antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-tumor, anti-ischemic and analgesic properties. Nevertheless, many of these molecules have poor aqueous solubility, low bioavailability and extensive gastrointestinal and/or hepatic first-pass metabolism, leading to a quick elimination as well as low serum and tissue concentrations. Thus, the intranasal route emerged as a viable alternative to oral or parenteral administration, by enabling a direct transport into the brain through the olfactory and trigeminal nerves. With this approach, the blood-brain barrier is circumvented and peripheral exposure is reduced, thereby minimizing possible adverse effects. OBJECTIVE Herein, brain-targeting strategies for nose-to-brain delivery of natural compounds, including flavonoids, cannabinoids, essential oils and terpenes, will be reviewed and discussed. Brain and plasma pharmacokinetics of these molecules will be analyzed and related to their physicochemical characteristics and formulation properties. CONCLUSION Natural compounds constitute relevant alternatives for the treatment of brain diseases but often require loading into nanocarrier systems to reach the central nervous system in sufficient concentrations. Future challenges lie in a deeper characterization of their therapeutic mechanisms and in the development of effective, safe and brain-targeted delivery systems for their intranasal administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Bicker
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciencias da Saude, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBIT/ICNAS - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Fortuna
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciencias da Saude, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBIT/ICNAS - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciencias da Saude, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBIT/ICNAS - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
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25
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Petrine JCP, Del Bianco-Borges B. The influence of phytoestrogens on different physiological and pathological processes: An overview. Phytother Res 2020; 35:180-197. [PMID: 32780464 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Functional foods have nutritional properties and organic functions, which are beneficial to health. Certain types of functional food components are so-called phytoestrogens, non-steroidal compounds derived from the metabolism of precursors contained in plants, which originate secondary metabotypes known to induce biological responses and by mimicry or modulating the action of endogenous estrogen. These molecules are involved in several physiological and pathological processes related to reproduction, bone remodeling, skin, cardiovascular, nervous, immune systems, and metabolism. This review aimed to present an overview of phytoestrogens regarding their chemical structure, actions, and effects in the organism given several pathologies. Several studies have demonstrated beneficial phytoestrogen actions, such as lipid profile improvement, cognitive function, menopause, oxidative stress, among others. Phytoestrogens effects are not completely elucidated, being necessary future research to understand the exact action mechanisms, whether they are via estrogen receptor or whether other hidden mechanisms produce these effects. Thus, this review makes a general approach to the phytoestrogen actions, beneficial effects, risk and limitations. However, the complexities of biological effects after ingestion of phytoestrogens and the differences in their metabolism and bioavailability indicate that interpretation of either risk or benefits needs to be made with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica C P Petrine
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Brasil
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26
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Indocyanine Green Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles: Physicochemical Characterization and Interaction Studies with Caco-2 Cell Line by Light and Transmission Electron Microscopy. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10010133. [PMID: 31940760 PMCID: PMC7022782 DOI: 10.3390/nano10010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical applications of nanoparticles (NPs) have reached an increasing development in recent years. Recently, we demonstrated that newly synthesized poly (ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles (PECA-NPs) are possible antitumor agents due to their cytotoxicity for cancer cells. Indocyanine green (ICG), an amphiphilic tricarbocyanine fluorescent dye, is widely used for the detection of tumoral extension in different organs during clinical surgery. Moreover, this fluorescent agent is unstable and it has a rapid clearance in physiological conditions in vivo. In this study, ICG was charged in PECA-NPs to improve its aqueous stability and make easier its use for the identification of tumor cells. Microscopic and ultrastructural aspects concerning the related in vitro interactions between ICG-loaded NPs and tumor cell culture were investigated. Obtained results showed an effective stabilization of ICG; furthermore, color inclusions inside the cells treated with ICG-loaded NPs demonstrated the internalization of NPs with associated ICG. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis demonstrated the cytoplasmic presence of coated vesicles (Ø ≤ 100 nm), hypothesizing their involvement in the mechanism of endocytosis. Therefore, ICG-loaded NPs could be proposed as agents for tumor diagnosis, hypothesizing also in the future a specific therapeutic treatment.
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27
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Weng L, Zhang F, Wang R, Ma W, Song Y. A review on protective role of genistein against oxidative stress in diabetes and related complications. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 310:108665. [PMID: 31125535 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is metabolism related problems that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia, which is triggered by a complicated interaction of hereditary and environmental elements. It is the main reason for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), amputations of the traumatic lower extremity, and grown-up visual impairment. It additionally inclines to neurodegenerative and cardiovascular sicknesses. With an expanding rate around the world, DM may be the main motive of morbidity and mortality within the foreseeable future. The objective of treatment for DM is to inhibit mortality and difficulties through normalizing blood glucose stage. Genistein, a naturally available soy isoflavone, is accounted for to have various medical advantages credited to numerous natural capacities. In the course of recent years, various examinations have shown that genistein has hostile to diabetic impacts, specifically, direct consequences for β-cell expansion, glucose-triggered insulin discharge, and safety towards apoptosis, unbiased of its functions as an estrogen receptor agonist, cancer prevention agent, or tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The present evaluation emphases on the promising molecular and biochemical paths associated with DM complications and, specifically, the multi-target method of genistein in diminishing diabetic neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Weng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, PR China
| | - Fengying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, PR China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, PR China
| | - Yingshi Song
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, PR China.
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Landauer MR, Harvey AJ, Kaytor MD, Day RM. Mechanism and therapeutic window of a genistein nanosuspension to protect against hematopoietic-acute radiation syndrome. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2019; 60:308-317. [PMID: 31038675 PMCID: PMC6530628 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
There are no FDA-approved drugs that can be administered prior to ionizing radiation exposure to prevent hematopoietic-acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS). A suspension of synthetic genistein nanoparticles was previously shown to be an effective radioprotectant against H-ARS when administered prior to exposure to a lethal dose of total body radiation. Here we aimed to determine the time to protection and the duration of protection when the genistein nanosuspension was administered by intramuscular injection, and we also investigated the drug's mechanism of action. A single intramuscular injection of the genistein nanosuspension was an effective radioprotectant when given prophylactically 48 h to 12 h before irradiation, with maximum effectiveness occurring when administered 24 h before. No survival advantage was observed in animals administered only a single dose of drug after irradiation. The dose reduction factor of the genistein nanosuspension was determined by comparing the survival of treated and untreated animals following different doses of total body irradiation. As genistein is a selective estrogen receptor beta agonist, we also explored whether this was a central component of its radioprotective mechanism of action. Mice that received an intramuscular injection of an estrogen receptor antagonist (ICI 182,780) prior to administration of the genistein nanosuspension had significantly lower survival following total body irradiation compared with animals only receiving the nanosuspension (P < 0.01). These data define the time to and duration of radioprotection following a single intramuscular injection of the genistein nanosuspension and identify its likely mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Landauer
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4555 South Palmer Road, Building 42, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adam J Harvey
- Humanetics Corporation, 7650 Edinborough Way, Suite 620, Edina, MN, USA
| | - Michael D Kaytor
- Humanetics Corporation, 7650 Edinborough Way, Suite 620, Edina, MN, USA
| | - Regina M Day
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Building C, Roomm 2023, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Building C, Room 2023, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799, USA. Tel: +301-295-3236; fax: +301-295-3220;
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Rassu G, Porcu EP, Fancello S, Obinu A, Senes N, Galleri G, Migheli R, Gavini E, Giunchedi P. Intranasal Delivery of Genistein-Loaded Nanoparticles as a Potential Preventive System against Neurodegenerative Disorders. Pharmaceutics 2018; 11:pharmaceutics11010008. [PMID: 30597930 PMCID: PMC6359056 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein has been reported to have antioxidant and neuroprotective activity. Despite encouraging in vitro and in vivo results, several disadvantages such as poor water solubility, rapid metabolism, and low oral bioavailability limit the clinical application of genistein. The aim of this study was to design and characterize genistein-loaded chitosan nanoparticles for intranasal drug delivery, prepared by the ionic gelation technique by using sodium hexametaphosphate. Nanoparticles were characterized in vitro and their cytotoxicity was tested on PC12 cells. Genistein-loaded nanoparticles were prepared, and sodium hexametaphosphate was used as a valid alternative to well-known cross-linkers. Nanoparticle characteristics as well as their physical stability were affected by formulation composition and manufacturing. Small (mean diameters of 200–300 nm) and homogeneous nanoparticles were obtained and were able to improve genistein penetration through the nasal mucosa as compared to pure genistein. Nanoparticle dispersions showed a pH consistent with the nasal fluid and preserved PC12 cell vitality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Elena Piera Porcu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Silvia Fancello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, viale San Pietro 43/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Antonella Obinu
- Experimental Medicine, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Nina Senes
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Grazia Galleri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, viale San Pietro 43/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Rossana Migheli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, viale San Pietro 43/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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