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Li XL, Sun YP, Wang M, Wang ZB, Kuang HX. Alkaloids in Chelidonium majus L: a review of its phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1440979. [PMID: 39239653 PMCID: PMC11374730 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1440979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Chelidonium majus L. (C. majus), commonly known as "Bai Qu Cai" in China, belongs to the genus Chelidonium of the Papaveraceae family. It has rich medicinal value, such as alleviating coughs, asthma, spasms and pain. Recent studies have demonstrated that C. majus is abundant in various alkaloids, which are the primary components of C. majus and have a range of pharmacological effects, including anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and anti-tumor effects. So far, 94 alkaloids have been isolated from C. majus, including benzophenanthridine, protoberberine, aporphine, protopine and other types of alkaloids. This paper aims to review the research progress in phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of C. majus alkaloids, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the application of C. majus in the field of medicinal chemistry and to afford reference for further research and development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Lan Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yan-Ping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Terzic M, Fayez S, Fahmy NM, Eldahshan OA, Uba AI, Ponniya SKM, Selvi S, Nilofar, Koyuncu I, Yüksekdağ Ö, Zengin G. Chemical characterization of three different extracts obtained from Chelidonium majus L. (Greater celandine) with insights into their in vitro, in silico and network pharmacological properties. Fitoterapia 2024; 174:105835. [PMID: 38301936 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Plant species C. majus, which is a very rich source of secondary metabolites, was used to obtain extracts, using a conventional extraction technique. For the extraction of bioactive molecules, three solvents were used: ethyl acetate, methanol and water, which differ from each other based on their polarity. The obtained extracts were examined in terms of chemical composition, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory activity, and cytotoxic effects. The research results indicate that methanol was a better and more efficient extractant in the process of isolating bioactive compounds than ethyl acetate and water. The chemical composition of this solvent, i.e. its polarity, contributed the most to the extraction of alkaloids and flavonoids. The high content of total phenolic compounds in the methanol extract, as well as individual alkaloids, caused a very strong antioxidant activity, as well as a strong inhibitory power when it comes to inhibiting the excessive activity of cholinesterase and tyrosinase. Methanol and ethyl acetate extracts achieved very good cytotoxic activity against cancerous cells HGC-27 and HT-29 and did not exert a toxic effect on non-cancerous cell lines (HEK293). Extracts of plant species C. majus, especially methanol extract could be characterized as a very good starting plant material for the formulation of products intended for various branches of the food and pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Terzic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Shaimaa Fayez
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Nouran M Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Omayma A Eldahshan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Abdullahi Ibrahim Uba
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul AREL University, Istanbul 34537, Turkey
| | | | - Selami Selvi
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, Altınoluk Vocational School, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Nilofar
- Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey; Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden "Giardino dei Semplici", Università degli Studi "Gabriele d'Annunzio", via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ismail Koyuncu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa 63290, Turkey
| | - Özgür Yüksekdağ
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa 63290, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey.
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Sadecki PW, Laws GD, Morgan JJ, Wommack AJ, Nawrot R, Hicks LM. The Greater Celandine: Identification and Characterization of an Antimicrobial Peptide from Chelidonium majus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:544-553. [PMID: 38366995 PMCID: PMC10959680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Chelidonium majus, known as Greater Celandine, is a latex-bearing plant that has been leveraged for its anticancer and antimicrobial properties. Herein, C. majus aerial tissue is mined for the presence of antimicrobial peptides. A highly abundant cysteine-rich peptide with a length of 25 amino acids, deemed CM-AMP1, is characterized through multiple mass spectrometric approaches. Electron-activated dissociation is leveraged to differentiate between isoleucine and leucine residues and complement conventional collision-induced dissociation to gain full sequence coverage of the full-length peptide. CM-AMP1 shares little sequence similarity with any proteins in publicly available databases, highlighting the novelty of its cysteine landscape and core motif. The presence of three disulfide bonds in the native peptide confers proteolytic stability, and antimicrobial activity is greatly decreased upon the alkylation of the cysteine residues. Synthetic variants of CM-AMP1 are used to confirm the activity of the full-length sequence and the core motif. To assess the biological impact, E. coli was grown in a sublethal concentration of CM-AMP1 and quantitative proteomics was used to identify proteins produced by the bacteria under stress, ultimately suggesting a membrane lytic antimicrobial mechanism of action. This study integrates multiple analytical methods for molecular and biological characterization of a unique antimicrobial peptide identified from C. majus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patric W Sadecki
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Garrett D Laws
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Johnathon J Morgan
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Andrew J Wommack
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Robert Nawrot
- Department of Molecular Virology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań 61-712, Poland
| | - Leslie M Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Petit R, Izambart J, Guillou M, da Silva Almeida JRG, de Oliveira Junior RG, Sol V, Ouk TS, Grougnet R, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Sitarek P, Thiéry V, Picot L. A Review of Phototoxic Plants, Their Phototoxic Metabolites, and Possible Developments as Photosensitizers. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202300494. [PMID: 37983920 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
This study provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge regarding phototoxic terrestrial plants and their phototoxic and photosensitizing metabolites. Within the 435,000 land plant species, only around 250 vascular plants have been documented as phototoxic or implicated in phototoxic occurrences in humans and animals. This work compiles a comprehensive catalog of these phototoxic plant species, organized alphabetically based on their taxonomic family. The dataset encompasses meticulous details including taxonomy, geographical distribution, vernacular names, and information on the nature and structure of their phototoxic and photosensitizing molecule(s). Subsequently, this study undertook an in-depth investigation into phototoxic molecules, resulting in the compilation of a comprehensive and up-to-date list of phytochemicals exhibiting phototoxic or photosensitizing activity synthesized by terrestrial plants. For each identified molecule, an extensive review was conducted, encompassing discussions on its phototoxic activity, chemical family, occurrence in plant families or species, distribution within different plant tissues and organs, as well as the biogeographical locations of the producer species worldwide. The analysis also includes a thorough discussion on the potential use of these molecules for the development of new photosensitizers that could be used in topical or injectable formulations for antimicrobial and anticancer phototherapy as well as manufacturing of photoactive devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Petit
- UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, La Rochelle Université, UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, Curie B10 Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042, La Rochelle, France
| | - Jonathan Izambart
- UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, La Rochelle Université, UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, Curie B10 Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042, La Rochelle, France
| | - Mathieu Guillou
- UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, La Rochelle Université, UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, Curie B10 Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042, La Rochelle, France
| | | | - Raimundo Gonçalves de Oliveira Junior
- UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, La Rochelle Université, UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, Curie B10 Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042, La Rochelle, France
- Franco-Brazilian Network on Natural Products, FB2NP
- UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM, Université Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Sol
- Franco-Brazilian Network on Natural Products, FB2NP
- LABCiS, UR 22722, Université de Limoges, 87000, Limoges, France
| | - Tan-Sothea Ouk
- Franco-Brazilian Network on Natural Products, FB2NP
- LABCiS, UR 22722, Université de Limoges, 87000, Limoges, France
| | - Raphaël Grougnet
- Franco-Brazilian Network on Natural Products, FB2NP
- UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM, Université Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Lucindo José Quintans-Júnior
- Franco-Brazilian Network on Natural Products, FB2NP
- LANEF, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Valérie Thiéry
- UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, La Rochelle Université, UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, Curie B10 Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042, La Rochelle, France
- Franco-Brazilian Network on Natural Products, FB2NP
| | - Laurent Picot
- UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, La Rochelle Université, UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, Curie B10 Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042, La Rochelle, France
- Franco-Brazilian Network on Natural Products, FB2NP
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Nowak-Perlak M, Ziółkowski P, Woźniak M. A promising natural anthraquinones mediated by photodynamic therapy for anti-cancer therapy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:155035. [PMID: 37603973 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental studies emphasize the therapeutic potential of plant-derived photosensitizers used in photodynamic therapy. Moreover, several in vitro and in vivo research present the promising roles of less-known anthraquinones that can selectively target cancer cells and eliminate them after light irradiation. This literature review summarizes the current knowledge of chosen plant-based-photosensitizers in PDT to show the results of emodin, aloe-emodin, parietin, rubiadin, hypericin, and soranjidiol in photodynamic therapy of cancer treatment and describe the comprehensive perspective of their role as natural photosensitizers. METHODS Literature searches of chosen anthraquinones were conducted on PubMed.gov with keywords: "emodin", "aloe-emodin", "hypericin", "parietin", "rubiadin", "soranjidiol" with "cancer" and "photodynamic therapy". RESULTS According to literature data, this review concentrated on all existing in vitro and in vivo studies of emodin, aloe-emodin, parietin, rubiadin, soranjidiol used as natural photosensitizers emphasizing their effectiveness and detailed mechanism of action in anticancer therapy. Moreover, comprehensive preclinical and clinical studies on hypericin reveal that the above-described substances may be included in the phototoxic treatment of different cancers. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this review presented less-known anthraquinones with their promising molecular mechanisms of action. It is expected that in the future they may be used as natural PSs in cancer treatment as well as hypericin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Nowak-Perlak
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Division of General and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, Karola Marcinkowskiego 1 Street, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Ziółkowski
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Division of General and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, Karola Marcinkowskiego 1 Street, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Woźniak
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Division of General and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, Karola Marcinkowskiego 1 Street, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
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Iordache AM, Nechita C, Podea P, Șuvar NS, Mesaroṣ C, Voica C, Bleiziffer R, Culea M. Comparative Amino Acid Profile and Antioxidant Activity in Sixteen Plant Extracts from Transylvania, Romania. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112183. [PMID: 37299164 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In addition to the naturopathic medicines based on the antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, or antioxidant properties of plant extracts that have been capitalized upon through the pharmaceutical industry, the increasing interest of the food industry in this area requires potent new materials capable of supporting this market. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro amino acid contents and antioxidant activities of ethanolic extracts from sixteen plants. Our results show high accumulated amino acid contents, mainly of proline, glutamic, and aspartic acid. The most consistent values of essential amino acids were isolated from T. officinale, U. dioica, C. majus, A. annua, and M. spicata. The results of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay indicate that R. officinalis was the most potent antioxidant, followed by four other extracts (in decreasing order): T. serpyllum, C. monogyna, S. officinalis, and M. koenigii. The network and principal component analyses found four natural groupings between samples based on DPPH free radical scavenging activity content. Each plant extracts' antioxidant action was discussed based on similar results found in the literature, and a lower capacity was observed for most species. An overall ranking of the analyzed plant species can be accomplished due to the range of experimental methods. The literature review revealed that these natural antioxidants represent the best side-effect-free alternatives to synthetic additives, especially in the food processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Maria Iordache
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies, 4 Uzinei Str., 240050 Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania
| | - Constantin Nechita
- National Research and Development Institute for Forestry "Marin Dracea" Calea Bucovinei, 73 Bis, 725100 Campulung Moldovenesc, Romania
| | - Paula Podea
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Niculina Sonia Șuvar
- National Institute for Research and Development in Mine Safety and Protection to Explosion, 32-34 General Vasile Milea Str., 332047 Petroșani, Romania
| | - Cornelia Mesaroṣ
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 38 Gh. Marinescu Str., 540139 Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Cezara Voica
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat Str., 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ramona Bleiziffer
- Biomolecular Physics Department, Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, Kogălniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Monica Culea
- Biomolecular Physics Department, Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, Kogălniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Tuzimski T, Petruczynik A, Plech T, Kaproń B, Makuch-Kocka A, Szultka-Młyńska M, Misiurek J, Buszewski B, Waksmundzka-Hajnos M. Determination of Selected Isoquinoline Alkaloids from Chelidonium majus, Mahonia aquifolium and Sanguinaria canadensis Extracts by Liquid Chromatography and Their In Vitro and In Vivo Cytotoxic Activity against Human Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076360. [PMID: 37047332 PMCID: PMC10093986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for new substances with cytotoxic activity against various cancer cells, especially cells that are very resistant to currently used chemotherapeutic agents, such as melanoma cells, is a very important scientific aspect. We investigated the cytotoxic effect of Chelidonium majus, Mahonia aquifolium and Sanguinaria canadensis extracts obtained from different parts of these plants collected at various vegetation stages on FaDu, SCC-25, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. Almost all the tested extracts showed higher cytotoxicity against these cancer cells than the anticancer drug etoposide. The highest cytotoxicity against the FaDu, SCC-25, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines was obtained for the Sanguinaria candensis extract collected before flowering. The cytotoxicity of extracts obtained from different parts of Chelidonium majus collected at various vegetation stages was also evaluated on melanoma cells (A375, G361 and SK-MEL-3). The highest cytotoxic activity against melanoma A375 cells was observed for the Chelidonium majus root extract, with an IC50 of 12.65 μg/mL. The same extract was the most cytotoxic against SK-MEL-3 cells (IC50 = 1.93 μg/mL), while the highest cytotoxic activity against G361 cells was observed after exposure to the extract obtained from the herb of the plant. The cytotoxic activity of Chelidonium majus extracts against melanoma cells was compared with the cytotoxicity of the following anticancer drugs: etoposide, cisplatin and hydroxyurea. In most cases, the IC50 values obtained for the anticancer drugs were higher than those obtained for the Chelidonium majus extracts. The most cytotoxic extract obtained from the root of Chelidonium majus was selected for in vivo cytotoxic activity investigations using a Danio rerio larvae xenograft model. The model was applied for the first time in the in vivo investigations of the extract’s anticancer potential. The application of Danio rerio larvae xenografts in cancer research is advantageous because of the transparency and ease of compound administration, the small size and the short duration and low cost of the experiments. The results obtained in the xenograft model confirmed the great effect of the investigated extract on the number of cancer cells in a living organism. Our investigations show that the investigated plant extracts exhibit very high cytotoxic activity and can be recommended for further experiments in order to additionally confirm their potential use in the treatment of various human cancers.
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Wang T, Yang XC, Ding Y, Zhang YJ, Ru YQ, Tan JJ, Xu F, Gao WW, Xia YM. Cuprous oxide-demethyleneberberine nanospheres for single near-infrared light-triggered photoresponsive-enhanced enzymatic synergistic antibacterial therapy. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:1760-1772. [PMID: 36723366 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02594a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work, novel cuprous oxide-demethyleneberberine (Cu2O-DMB) nanomaterials are successfully synthesized for photoresponsive-enhanced enzymatic synergistic antibacterial therapy under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation (808 nm). Cu2O-DMB has a spherical morphology with a smaller nanosize and positive ζ potential, can trap bacteria through electrostatic interactions resulting in a targeting function. Cu2O-DMB nanospheres show both oxidase-like and peroxidase-like activities, and serve as a self-cascade platform, which can deplete high concentrations of GSH to produce O2˙- and H2O2, then H2O2 is transformed into ˙OH, without introducing exogenous H2O2. At the same time, Cu2O-DMB nanospheres become photoresponsive, producing 1O2 and having an efficient photothermal conversion effect upon NIR irradiation. The proposed mechanism is that the generated ROS (O2˙-, ˙OH and 1O2) and hyperthermia can have synergetic effects for killing bacteria. Moreover, hyperthermia is not only beneficial for destroying bacteria, but also effectively enhances the efficiency of ˙OH production and accelerates GSH oxidation. Upon NIR irradiation, Cu2O-DMB nanospheres exhibit excellent antibacterial ability against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli (AREC) with low cytotoxicity and bare bacterial resistance, destroy the bacterial membrane causing an efflux of proteins and disrupt the bacterial biofilm formation. Animal experiments show that the Cu2O-DMB + NIR group can efficiently treat MRSA infection and promote wound healing. These results suggest that Cu2O-DMB nanospheres are effective materials for combating bacterial infections highly efficiently and to aid the development of photoresponsive enzymatic synergistic antibacterial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Xiao-Chan Yang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Yong Ding
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Yu-Jiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Yu-Qing Ru
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Jia-Jun Tan
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Fang Xu
- Key laboratory of Processing and Quality Evaluation Technology of Green Plastics of China National Light Industry Council, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wei-Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Ya-Mu Xia
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
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Chelerythrine-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death in HepG2 Cells Involves the Inhibition of Akt Pathway and the Activation of Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091837. [PMID: 36139911 PMCID: PMC9495744 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chelerythrine (CHE) is a majorly harmful isoquinoline alkaloid ingredient in Chelidonium majus that could trigger potential hepatotoxicity, but the pivotal molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. In the present study, CHE-induced cytotoxicity and the underlying toxic mechanisms were investigated using human HepG2 cells in vitro. Data showed that CHE treatment (at 1.25–10 μM)-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells is dose-dependent. CHE treatment increased the production of ROS and induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Additionally, CHE treatment triggered the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased the expression of mitochondrial complexes, upregulated the expression of Bax, CytC, and cleaved-PARP1 proteins and the activities of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and downregulated the expression of Bcl-XL, and HO-1 proteins, finally resulting in cell apoptosis. N-acetylcysteine supplementation significantly inhibited CHE-induced ROS production and apoptosis. Furthermore, CHE treatment significantly downregulated the expression of phosphorylation (p)-Akt (Ser473), p-mTOR (Ser2448), and p-AMPK (Thr172) proteins in HepG2 cells. Pharmacology inhibition of Akt promoted CHE-induced the downregulation of HO-1 protein, caspase activation, and apoptosis. In conclusion, CHE-induced cytotoxicity may involve the inhibition of Akt pathway and the activation of oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in HepG2 cells. This study sheds new insights into understanding the toxic mechanisms and health risks of CHE.
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The Activity of Chelidonium majus L. Latex and Its Components on HPV Reveal Insights into the Antiviral Molecular Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169241. [PMID: 36012505 PMCID: PMC9409487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow-orange latex of Chelidonium majus L. has been used in folk medicine as a therapeutic agent against warts and other visible symptoms of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections for centuries. The observed antiviral and antitumor properties of C. majus latex are often attributed to alkaloids contained therein, but recent studies indicate that latex proteins may also play an important role in its pharmacological activities. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the crude C. majus latex and its protein and alkaloid-rich fractions on different stages of the HPV replication cycle. The results showed that the latex components, such as alkaloids and proteins, decrease HPV infectivity and inhibit the expression of viral oncogenes (E6, E7) on mRNA and protein levels. However, the crude latex and its fractions do not affect the stability of structural proteins in HPV pseudovirions and they do not inhibit the virus from attaching to the cell surface. In addition, the protein fraction causes increased TNFα secretion, which may indicate the induction of an inflammatory response. These findings indicate that the antiviral properties of C. majus latex arise both from alkaloids and proteins contained therein, acting on different stages of the viral replication cycle.
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11
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Dong Z, Tang SS, Ma XL, Li CH, Tang ZS, Yang ZH, Zeng JG. Preclinical safety evaluation of Macleaya Cordata extract: A re-assessment of general toxicity and genotoxicity properties in rodents. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:980918. [PMID: 36034805 PMCID: PMC9412730 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.980918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macleaya cordata extract (MCE) is widely used for its diverse pharmacological actions and beneficial effects on farm animals. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that it has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-bacterial activities, and is gradually becoming a long-term additive veterinary drug used to improve animal intestinal health and growth performance. Although some evidence points to the DNA mutagenic potential of sanguinarine (SAN), a major component of MCE, there is a lack of sufficient basic toxicological information on the oral route, posing a potential safety risk for human consumption of food of animal origin. In this study, we assessed the acute oral toxicity, repeated 90-day oral toxicity and 180-day chronic toxicity of MCE in rats and mice and re-evaluated the genotoxicity of MCE using a standard combined in vivo and ex vivo assay. In the oral acute toxicity test, the LD50 for MCE in rats and mice was 1,564.55 mg/kg (95% confidence interval 1,386.97–1,764.95 mg/kg) and 1,024.33 mg/kg (95% confidence interval 964.27–1,087.30 mg/kg), respectively. The dose range tested had no significant effect on hematology, clinical chemistry, and histopathological findings in rodents in the long-term toxicity assessment. The results of the bacterial reverse mutation, sperm abnormality and micronucleus test showed negative results and lack of mutagenicity and teratogenicity; the results of the rat teratogenicity test showed no significant reproductive or embryotoxicity. The results indicate that MCE was safe in the dose range tested in this preclinical safety assessment. This study provides data to support the further development of maximum residue limits (MRLs) for MCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine in Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Shu-Sheng Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Chang-Hong Li
- Hunan MICOLTA Biological Resources Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Zhao-Shan Tang
- Hunan MICOLTA Biological Resources Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Zi-Hui Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine in Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zi-Hui Yang, ; Jian-Guo Zeng,
| | - Jian-Guo Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine in Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zi-Hui Yang, ; Jian-Guo Zeng,
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12
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Chen N, Qi Y, Ma X, Xiao X, Liu Q, Xia T, Xiang J, Zeng J, Tang J. Rediscovery of Traditional Plant Medicine: An Underestimated Anticancer Drug of Chelerythrine. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:906301. [PMID: 35721116 PMCID: PMC9198297 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.906301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In many studies, the extensive and significant anticancer activity of chelerythrine (CHE) was identified, which is the primary natural active compound in four traditional botanical drugs and can be applied as a promising treatment in various solid tumors. So this review aimed to summarize the anticancer capacities and the antitumor mechanism of CHE. The literature searches revolving around CHE have been carried out on PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and MEDLINE databases. Increasing evidence indicates that CHE, as a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, exhibits its excellent anticancer activity as CHE can intervene in tumor progression and inhibit tumor growth in multiple ways, such as induction of cancer cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, prevention of tumor invasion and metastasis, autophagy-mediated cell death, bind selectively to telomeric G-quadruplex and strongly inhibit the telomerase activity through G-quadruplex stabilization, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and PKC. The role of CHE against diverse types of cancers has been investigated in many studies and has been identified as the main antitumor drug candidate in drug discovery programs. The current complex data suggest the potential value in clinical application and the future direction of CHE as a therapeutic drug in cancer. Furthermore, the limitations and the present problems are also highlighted in this review. Despite the unclearly delineated molecular targets of CHE, extensive research in this area provided continuously fresh data exploitable in the clinic while addressing the present requirement for further studies such as toxicological studies, combination medication, and the development of novel chemical methods or biomaterials to extend the effects of CHE or the development of its derivatives and analogs, contributing to the effective transformation of this underestimated anticancer drug into clinical practice. We believe that this review can provide support for the clinical application of a new anticancer drug in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianzhi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yulin Qi
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolin Xiao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Juyi Xiang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Geriatric Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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13
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Photonics of Viburnum opulus L. Extracts in Microemulsions with Oxygen and Gold Nanoparticles. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10040130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the optical properties of viburnum extract flavonoids in the visible region of the spectrum were investigated and their use as a potential photosensitizer of singlet oxygen for photodynamic therapy was evaluated. The presence of long-lived excited states in the extract molecules was established by spectral methods and time-resolved spectroscopy methods and the dependences of the absorption capacity and luminescence intensity of the extract molecules on the concentrations of oxygen and ablative nanoparticles of the gold in the reverse micelles of AOT (sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate) were established. The plasmonic enhancement of the luminescence of the extract molecules and the processes of their complexation with oxygen were also established. Furthermore, the rate constants of the processes of conversion of exciting energy in complexes were determined.
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14
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Nawaz A, Arif A, Jamal A, Shahid MN, Nomani I, Bahwerth FS. Medicinal plants show remarkable antiproliferative potential in human cancer cell lines. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:362-367. [PMID: 34982821 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecules isolated and identified from plant origin are used to manufacture most chemotherapeutic drugs for cancer treatment. We assumed that these plant extracts contain prolific bioactive compounds with potent antiproliferative activities and could be effective against different human cancer cells. Ethanolic extracts were prepared from Chelidonium majus, Myrica cerifera, Fumaria indica, Nigella sativa, and Silybum marianum, and the antiproliferative assay was performed in HepG2 and HeLa human cancer cell lines. All plants extract exhibited antiproliferative potential against studied cancer cell lines in the dose and time-dependent manner. Chelidonium majus and Silybum marianum have shown promising results against HepG2 and HeLa cells, respectively, followed by Myrica cerifera, Fumaria indica, and Nigella sativa. Results indicated that utilization of whole plant extract as anticancer compounds could be of great value in generating novel chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Nawaz
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amina Arif
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Adil Jamal
- Sciences and Research, College of Nursing, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Naveed Shahid
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ibtesam Nomani
- College of Nursing, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fayez Saeed Bahwerth
- Central Laboratory and Blood Bank, King Faisal Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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15
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Computational Studies of the Photogeneration from Dihydrosanguinarine and the Probable Cytotoxicity Mechanism of Sanguinarine. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A computational investigation of the mechanism of dihydrosanguinarine (DHSAN) photoactivation and its conversion into the active drug sanguinarine (SAN) is here reported. The reaction mechanism of DHSAN photoconversion was fully explored by considering its excitation first, essential for generating one of the reactants, the 1O2, and then locating all the minima and transition states involved in the formation of SAN. Both forms of the drug present at physiological pH, namely, iminium cation and alkanolamine, were considered as products of such reaction. The ability of the generated drug SAN to induce cell apoptosis was then explored, taking into consideration two anticancer activities: the induction of DNA conformational and functional changes by intercalation and the absorption of light with proper wavelength to trigger type II photochemical reactions leading to 1O2 sensitization for photodynamic therapy application. Concerning the ability to work as photosensitizers, the outcomes of our calculations prove that DHSAN can easily be converted into the active SAN under visible and NIR irradiation through the application of two-photon excitation, and that the maximum absorption of SAN, once intercalated into DNA, shifts to the near region of the therapeutic window.
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16
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Hesami S, Safi S, Larijani K, Badi HN, Abdossi V, Hadidi M. Synthesis and characterization of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with greater celandine (Chelidonium majus L.) essential oil as an anticancer agent on MCF-7 cell line. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:974-981. [PMID: 34856216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) of greater celandine (GC) roots and leaves were extracted, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for analyzing them. Then they were loaded into chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) using emulsion-ionic gelation method. CNPs loaded with greater celandine root essential oil (GCREO) and leave essential oil (GCLEO) were synthesized (size 76.5-115.3 nm) using an emulsion-ionic gelation method. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used for characterization of the formed NPs. Good encapsulation efficiency was confirmed for GCREO (62.5%) and GCLEO (69.1%) in CNPs. According to the MTT results, the synthesized NPs showed a dose-dependent effect on MCF-7 cell line. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for GCREO, GCLEO, CSNRs-GCREO and CNPs-GCLEO samples were 126.4, 90.2, 77.6, and 41.5 μg/mL, respectively. The highest rate of apoptosis was obtained in the CNPs-GCLEO group (63.73%). The results revealed that the cytotoxicity of CSNRs-GCREO and CNPs-GCLEO against MCF-7 cell line was significantly higher than that of their free form, implying that encapsulation of GCREO and GCLEO in CNPs is an efficient technique for improving their anti-cancer activity against MCF-7 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadra Hesami
- Department of Horticulture Science (Medicinal Plants), Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahabeddin Safi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kambiz Larijani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Vahid Abdossi
- Department of Horticulture Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Hadidi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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17
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Zhao X, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Huang J, She B, Shi Q, Xiang X, Su C, Zhang L, Huang R, Song C. An integrated strategy for the establishment of a protoberberine alkaloid profile: Exploration of the differences in composition between Tinosporae radix and Fibraurea caulis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2021; 32:1131-1140. [PMID: 33876504 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accurate species and content identification of major active components in herbals are the guarantee of the safety and effectiveness for medical and commodity purposes. OBJECTIVES In this study, an integrated strategy used to establish the protoberberine alkaloid profile was applied to explore the differences in composition between the pieces of Tinosporae radix and Fibraurea caulis, both of which had morphological similarities. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, an in-house library including possible protoberberine alkaloids based on different substituents was predicted by systematic literature survey. Meanwhile, diagnostic fragments of protoberberine alkaloids were investigated using the corresponding standards. Second, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) was used to obtain multidimensional mass spectral data. Then, the identifications were confirmed by targeted filter of the acquired data based on the library. RESULTS As a result, 10 protoberberine alkaloid molecules including 46 isomers were identified or characterised. The qualitative distribution and relative content of protoberberine alkaloids revealed the fundamental difference between Tinosporae radix and Fibraurea caulis. 25 alkaloids were present in both herbals, while five compounds were detected only in Tinosporae radix. Furthermore, the contents of four alkaloids in Tinosporae radix were significantly higher than those in its adulterant, Fibraurea caulis. CONCLUSION The five unique ingredients in Tinosporae radix can be used as a better indicator for distinguishing the pieces of Tinosporae radix and Fibraurea caulis. The protoberberine alkaloid profile established in this study can be applied to quality evaluation of the two herbals or other herbals containing major protoberberine alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- First Clinical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Quansheng Wang
- Hubei Huquan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiaxin Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bo She
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qingxin Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xingliang Xiang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Su
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rongzeng Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chengwu Song
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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18
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Nawrot R, Warowicka A, Rudzki PJ, Musidlak O, Dolata KM, Musijowski J, Stolarczyk EU, Goździcka-Józefiak A. Combined Protein and Alkaloid Research of Chelidonium majus Latex Reveals CmMLP1 Accompanied by Alkaloids with Cytotoxic Potential to Human Cervical Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111838. [PMID: 34769268 PMCID: PMC8584587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chelidonium majus L. is a latex-bearing plant used in traditional folk medicine to treat human papillomavirus (HPV)-caused warts, papillae, and condylomas. Its latex and extracts are rich in many low-molecular compounds and proteins, but there is little or no information on their potential interaction. We describe the isolation and identification of a novel major latex protein (CmMLP1) composed of 147 amino acids and present a model of its structure containing a conserved hydrophobic cavity with high affinity to berberine, 8-hydroxycheleritrine, and dihydroberberine. CmMLP1 and the accompanying three alkaloids were present in the eluted chromatographic fractions of latex. They decreased in vitro viability of human cervical cancer cells (HPV-negative and HPV-positive). We combined, for the first time, research on macromolecular and low-molecular-weight compounds of latex-bearing plants in contrast to other studies that investigated proteins and alkaloids separately. The observed interaction between latex protein and alkaloids may influence our knowledge on plant defense. The proposed toolbox may help in further understanding of plant disease resistance and in pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Nawrot
- Molecular Virology Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (O.M.); (K.M.D.); (A.G.-J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-829-5931
| | - Alicja Warowicka
- Department of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Józef Rudzki
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Rydygiera Street 8, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland; (P.J.R.); (J.M.); (E.U.S.)
| | - Oskar Musidlak
- Molecular Virology Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (O.M.); (K.M.D.); (A.G.-J.)
| | - Katarzyna Magdalena Dolata
- Molecular Virology Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (O.M.); (K.M.D.); (A.G.-J.)
| | - Jacek Musijowski
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Rydygiera Street 8, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland; (P.J.R.); (J.M.); (E.U.S.)
| | - Elżbieta Urszula Stolarczyk
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Rydygiera Street 8, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland; (P.J.R.); (J.M.); (E.U.S.)
| | - Anna Goździcka-Józefiak
- Molecular Virology Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (O.M.); (K.M.D.); (A.G.-J.)
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Khan AQ, Rashid K, AlAmodi AA, Agha MV, Akhtar S, Hakeem I, Raza SS, Uddin S. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer pathogenesis and therapy: An update on the role of ROS in anticancer action of benzophenanthridine alkaloids. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112142. [PMID: 34536761 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species play crucial role in biological homeostasis and pathogenesis of human diseases including cancer. In this line, now it has become evident that ROS level/concentration is a major factor in the growth, progression and stemness of cancer cells. Moreover, cancer cells maintain a delicate balance between ROS and antioxidants to promote pathogenesis and clinical challenges via targeting a battery of signaling pathways converging to cancer hallmarks. Recent findings also entail the therapeutic importance of ROS for the better clinical outcomes in cancer patients as they induce apoptosis and autophagy. Moreover, poor clinical outcomes associated with cancer therapies are the major challenge and use of natural products have been vital in attenuation of these challenges due to their multitargeting potential with less adverse effects. In fact, most available drugs are derived from natural resources, either directly or indirectly and available evidence show the clinical importance of natural products in the management of various diseases, including cancer. ROS play a critical role in the anticancer actions of natural products, particularly phytochemicals. Benzophenanthridine alkaloids of the benzyl isoquinoline family of alkaloids, such as sanguinarine, possess several pharmacological properties and are thus being studied for the treatment of different human diseases, including cancer. In this article, we review recent findings, on how benzophenanthridine alkaloid-induced ROS play a critical role in the attenuation of pathological changes and stemness features associated with human cancers. In addition, we highlight the role of ROS in benzophenanthridine alkaloid-mediated activation of the signaling pathway associated with cancer cell apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Q Khan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid Rashid
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Maha Victor Agha
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabah Akhtar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ishrat Hakeem
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Syed Shadab Raza
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Era University, Lucknow, India
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
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20
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Effect of Protoberberine-Rich Fraction of Chelidonium majus L. on Endometriosis Regression. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13070931. [PMID: 34201532 PMCID: PMC8309065 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a gynecological disease defined by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. To date, the effective treatment of this disease is still based on invasive surgery or laparoscopy. Chelidonium majus L. (Papaveraceae) belongs to medicinal, latex-bearing plants. Extracts from the plant are a rich source of pharmacologically active agents. Protoberberine compounds derived from C. majus possess anticancer and antiproliferative activities. In the present study of a rat model of endometriosis, we investigated the influence of the plant protoberberine-rich fraction (BBR) obtained from the medicinal plant C. majus on the development of endometriosis. To understand of BBR therapeutic potential for endometriosis, metabolomics has been applied to study. BBR was prepared from an ethanolic extract of dry plants C. majus. Rats (n = 16) with confirmed endometriosis were treated with BBR administered orally (1 g/kg) for 14 days. Blood serum samples were collected from all of the animals and metabolites were studied using the NMR method. The metabolomic pattern was compared before and after the protoberberine treatment. The performed analysis showed significant changes in the concentrations of metabolites that are involved in energy homeostasis, including glucose, glutamine, and lactate. Histopathological studies showed no recurrence of endometriosis loci after treatment with BBR. The results of the study found that BBR treatment prevents the recurrence of endometriosis in rats. Moreover, metabolomics profiling can be applied to better understand the mechanisms of action of these protoberberine secondary plant metabolites. Our findings provide new insights into the pharmaceutical activity of natural protoberberine plant compounds.
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21
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An YW, Jin HT, Yuan B, Wang JC, Wang C, Liu HQ. Research progress of berberine mediated photodynamic therapy. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:359. [PMID: 33747216 PMCID: PMC7967931 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) is a plant secondary metabolite that has been used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the last few decades. The present review aimed to discuss the research progress of BBR-mediated photodynamic actions. The following key words were searched in several databases: 'Berberine' combined with 'photodynamic therapy', 'sonodynamic therapy (SDT)', 'ultraviolet', 'reactive oxygen' and 'singlet oxygen'. The results demonstrated that both type I and type II reactions participated in the photodynamic progression of BBR derivatives. In addition, the photochemical characteristics of BBR derivatives were affected by the polarity, pH and O2 content of solvents. DNA binding increases the lifespan of the photoexcited BBR state and generation of singlet oxygen (1O2). The chemical properties of substituents in different positions of the BBR skeleton are pivotal for its photochemical properties, particularly the methylenedioxy group at the C-2 and C-3 positions. BBR is a promising agent for mediating both PDT- and SDT-treated diseases, particularly in tumors. However, further studies are required to validate their biological effects. In addition, the molecular mechanisms underlying the antitumor effects of BBR-PDT remain unclear and warrant further investigation. The structural modification and targeted delivery of BBR have made it possible to broaden its applications; however, experimental verification is required. Overall, BBR acts as a sensitizer for PDT and has promising development prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen An
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Tao Jin
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Chun Wang
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, P.R. China
| | - Han-Qing Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, P.R. China
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22
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Fang J, Huang X, Yang Y, Wang X, Liang X, Liu J. Berberine-photodynamic induced apoptosis by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress-autophagy pathway involving CHOP in human malignant melanoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 552:183-190. [PMID: 33751936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a critical and aggressive skin tumor with a steeply rising incidence and a less favorable prognosis due to the lack of efficient treatment. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new promising treatment for this tumor through photosensitizers-mediated oxidative cytotoxicity. In this study, we explored the role of berberine-mediated PDT (BBR-PDT) in the anti-proliferative effect on human malignant melanoma cells (MMCs). We found that there were significant differences between MMCs with BBR-PDT and MMCs with BBR or PDT only. Further research showed that BBR-PDT induced apoptosis via up-regulating the expression of cleaved caspase-3 protein. We also observed that LC3-related autophagy level was upregulated in MMCs with BBR-PDT. Besides, it was also found that BBR-PDT activated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, involving a dramatic increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, the knockdown of CHOP protein expression inhibited apoptosis, autophagy and ER stress levels caused by BBR-PDT, suggesting that CHOP protein may be related to apoptosis, autophagy and ER stress in MMCs with BBR-PDT. Collectively, our results indicated that BBR-PDT had an essential impact on MMCs' growth inhibition, and therefore may reveal the possibility of developing BBR-PDT into human malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314001, PR China; Natural Medicine and Health Food Research & Technology Innovation Team of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314001, PR China; Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Oncological Photodynamic Therapy and Targeted Drug Research, PR China
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314001, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Xin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
| | - Jianwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
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23
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Oliveira H, Correia P, Pereira AR, Araújo P, Mateus N, de Freitas V, Oliveira J, Fernandes I. Exploring the Applications of the Photoprotective Properties of Anthocyanins in Biological Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7464. [PMID: 33050431 PMCID: PMC7589295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their physical and chemical characteristics, anthocyanins are amongst the most versatile groups of natural compounds. Such unique signature makes these compounds a focus in several different areas of research. Anthocyanins have well been reported as bioactive compounds in a myriad of health disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and obesity, among others, due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial, and anti-proliferative capacities. Such a vast number of action mechanisms may be also due to the number of structurally different anthocyanins plus their related derivatives. In this review, we highlight the recent advances on the potential use of anthocyanins in biological systems with particular focus on their photoprotective properties. Topics such as skin aging and eye degenerative diseases, highly influenced by light, and the action of anthocyanins against such damages will be discussed. Photodynamic Therapy and the potential role of anthocyanins as novel photosensitizers will be also a central theme of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joana Oliveira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (H.O.); (P.C.); (A.R.P.); (P.A.); (N.M.); (V.d.F.)
| | - Iva Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (H.O.); (P.C.); (A.R.P.); (P.A.); (N.M.); (V.d.F.)
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24
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Xie YJ, Gao WN, Wu QB, Yao XJ, Jiang ZB, Wang YW, Wang WJ, Li W, Hussain S, Liu L, Leung ELH, Fan XX. Chelidonine selectively inhibits the growth of gefitinib-resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells through the EGFR-AMPK pathway. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104934. [PMID: 32464330 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been widely used for the clinical treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring mutations in the EGFR. Unfortunately, due to the secondary mutation in EGFR, eventual drug-resistance is inevitable. Therefore, to overcome the resistance, new agent is urgently required. Chelidonine, extracted from the roots of Chelidonium majus, was proved to effectively suppress the growth of NSCLC cells with EGFR double mutation. Proteomics analysis indicated that mitochondrial respiratory chain was significantly inhibited by chelidonine, and inhibitor of AMPK effectively blocked the apoptosis induced by chelidonine. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that chelidonine could directly bind to EGFR and showed a much higher binding affinity to EGFRL858R/T790M than EGFRWT, which demonstrated that chelidonine could selectively inhibit the phosphorylation of EGFR in cells with EGFR double-mutation. In vivo study revealed that chelidonine has a similar inhibitory effect like second generation TKI Afatinib. In conclusion, targeting EGFR and inhibition of mitochondrial function is a promising anti-cancer therapeutic strategy for inhibiting NSCLC with EGFR mutation and TKI resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR, PR China
| | - Wei-Na Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR, PR China; Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qi-Biao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR, PR China
| | - Ze-Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR, PR China
| | - Yu-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR, PR China
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- TianJin NanKai Hospital, TianJin, PR China
| | - Shahid Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR, PR China
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR, PR China.
| | - Elaine Lai-Han Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR, PR China.
| | - Xing-Xing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR, PR China.
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25
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Dasari S, Bakthavachalam V, Chinnapaka S, Venkatesan R, Samy ALPA, Munirathinam G. Neferine, an alkaloid from lotus seed embryo targets HeLa and SiHa cervical cancer cells via pro-oxidant anticancer mechanism. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2366-2384. [PMID: 32364634 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis and autophagy are important processes that control cellular homeostasis and have been highlighted as promising targets for novel anticancer drugs. This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of Neferine (Nef), an alkaloid from the lotus seed embryos of Nelumbo nucifera (N. nucifera), as a dual inducer of apoptosis and autophagy through the reactive oxygen species (ROS) activation in cervical cancer cells. Nef and N. nucifera extract suppressed the cell viability of HeLa and SiHa cells in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, Nef showed minimal toxicity to normal cells. Furthermore, Nef inhibited anchorage-independent growth, colony formation and migration ability of cervical cancer cells. Nef induces mitochondrial apoptosis by increasing pro-apoptotic protein bax, cytochrome-c, cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9, poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage, DNA damage (pH2 AX) while downregulating Bcl-2, procaspase-3 and procaspase-9, and TCTP. Of note, apoptotic effect by Nef was significantly attenuated in the presence of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), suggesting pro-oxidant activity of this compound. Nef also promoted autophagy induction through increasing beclin-1, atg-4, atg-5 and atg-12, LC-3 activation, and P 62/SQSTM1 as determined by western blot analysis. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Nef is a potent anticancer compound against cervical cancer cells through inducing apoptosis and autophagic pathway involving ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanyam Dasari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Rockford, Illinois, USA
| | - Velavan Bakthavachalam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Rockford, Illinois, USA
| | - Somaiah Chinnapaka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Rockford, Illinois, USA
| | - Reshmii Venkatesan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Rockford, Illinois, USA
| | - Angela L P A Samy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Rockford, Illinois, USA
| | - Gnanasekar Munirathinam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Rockford, Illinois, USA
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26
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Mucoadhesive Chitosan Delivery System with Chelidonii Herba Lyophilized Extract as a Promising Strategy for Vaginitis Treatment. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041208. [PMID: 32331437 PMCID: PMC7230236 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chelidonium majus (also known as celandine) contains pharmacologically active compounds such as isoquinoline alkaloids (e.g., chelidonine, sanguinarine), flavonoids, saponins, carotenoids, and organic acids. Due to the presence of isoquinoline alkaloids, Chelidonii herba extracts are widely used as an antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral (including HSV-1 and HIV-1), and anti-inflammatory agent in the treatment of various diseases, while chitosan is a biocompatible and biodegradable carrier with valuable properties for mucoadhesive formulations preparation. Our work aimed to prepare mucoadhesive vaginal drug delivery systems composed of Chelidonii herba lyophilized extract and chitosan as an effective way to treat vaginitis. The pharmacological safety of usage of isoquinoline alkaloids, based on MTT test, were evaluated for the maximum doses 36.34 ± 0.29 µg/mL and 0.89 ± 1.16 µg/mL for chelidonine and sanguinarine, respectively. Dissolution rate profiles and permeability through artificial membranes for chelidonine and sanguinarine after their introduction into the chitosan system were studied. The low permeability for used save doses of isoquinoline alkaloids and results of microbiological studies allow confirmation that system Chelidonii herba lyophilized extract chitosan 80/500 1:1 (w/w) is a promising strategy for vaginal use. Ex vivo studies of mucoadhesive properties and evaluation of tableting features demonstrated that the formulation containing Chelidonii herba lyophilized extract (120.0 mg) with chitosan (80/500—100.0 mg) and polymer content (HPMC—100.0 mg, microcrystalline cellulose—50.0 mg, lactose monohydrate—30.0 mg and magnesium stearate—4.0 mg) is a vaginal dosage form with prolonging dissolution profile and high mucoadhesion properties (up to 4 h).
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