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Paiva MJM, Nascimento GNL, Damasceno IAM, Santos TT, Silveira D. Pharmacological and toxicological effects of Amaryllidaceae. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e277092. [PMID: 38126586 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.277092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Amaryllidaceae family is widely distributed in the tropics, presenting biological activity attributed mostly to alkaloids, such as an important inhibitory activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), antifungal, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities. The present study aims to review the spectrum of action of the main biological activities and toxicity of secondary metabolites found in Amaryllidaceae through a literature review, using Prisma and the descriptors "Pharmacological effects of Amaryllidaceae" and "Amaryllidaceae family" and "Pharmacological actions of Amaryllidaceae", used in English and Portuguese. The literature search was done in March and May 2023. Original works published from 2012 to 2023, available in full, and presenting experimental and clinical studies were included. After the selection considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 60 articles fulfilled the defined criteria. From a pharmacological point of view, the highlight is due to the alkaloid galantamine, which has the potential- and is already used - for treating Alzheimer's. The toxicological aspect must be considered and evaluated carefully, as alkaloids have been associated with adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and cardiovascular, neurological, and respiratory changes. Furthermore, some studies indicate that consuming these plants in significant quantities can lead to hepatic and renal toxicity. Therefore, the therapeutical use of this family's plant drugs and derivatives requires further studies to elucidate its effects and point out metabolites with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J M Paiva
- Universidade de Brasília - UnB, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - G N L Nascimento
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins - UFT, Laboratório de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Palmas, TO, Brasil
| | - I A M Damasceno
- Universidade de Brasília - UnB, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - T T Santos
- Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia - UFOB, Centro Multidisciplinar de Luís Eduardo Magalhães, Curso de Bacharelado em Engenharia de Biotecnologia, Luís Eduardo Magalhães, BA, Brasil
| | - D Silveira
- Universidade de Brasília - UnB, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Brasília, DF, Brasil
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Tuzimski T, Petruczynik A. New trends in the practical use of isoquinoline alkaloids as potential drugs applicated in infectious and non-infectious diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115704. [PMID: 37862968 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last years, traditional natural products have been the center of attention for the scientific community and exploration of their therapeutic abilities is proceeding permanently. Isoquinoline alkaloids have always attracted scientific interest due to either their positive or negative effects on human organism. The present review describes research on isoquinoline alkaloids isolated from different plant species. Alkaloids are one of the most important classes of plant derived compounds among these isoquinoline alkaloids possess varied biological activities such as anticancer, antineurodegenerative diseases, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, and many others. The use of plants against different disorders is entrenched in traditional medicine around the globe. Recent progress in modern therapeutics has stimulated the use of natural products worldwide for various ailments and diseases. The review provides a collection of information on the capabilities of some isoquinoline alkaloids, its potential for the treatment of various diseases and is designed to be a guide for future research on different biologically active isoquinoline alkaloids and plant species containing them. The authors are aware that they were not able to cover the whole area of the topic related to biological activity of isoquinoline alkaloids. This review is intended to suggest directions for further research and can also help other researchers in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Tuzimski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Petruczynik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
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Rodríguez-Escobar ML, Tallini LR, Lisa-Molina J, Berkov S, Viladomat F, Meerow A, Bastida J, Torras-Claveria L. Chemical and Biological Aspects of Different Species of the Genus Clinanthus Herb. (Amaryllidaceae) from South America. Molecules 2023; 28:5408. [PMID: 37513280 PMCID: PMC10385320 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Clinanthus Herb. is found in the Andes Region (South America), mainly in Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia. These plants belong to the Amaryllidaceae family, specifically the Amaryllidoideae subfamily, which presents an exclusive group of alkaloids known as Amaryllidaceae alkaloids that show important structural diversity and pharmacological properties. It is possible to find some publications in the literature regarding the botanical aspects of Clinanthus species, although there is little information available about their chemical and biological activities. The aim of this work was to obtain the alkaloid profile and the anti-cholinesterase activity of four different samples of Clinanthus collected in South America: Clinanthus sp., Clinanthus incarnatus, and Clinanthus variegatus. The alkaloid extract of each sample was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and their potential against the enzymes acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase were evaluated. Thirteen alkaloids have been identified among these species, while six unidentified structures have also been detected in these plants. The alkaloid extract of the C. variegatus samples showed the highest structural diversity as well as the best activity against AChE, which was likely due to the presence of the alkaloid sanguinine. The results suggest this genus as a possible interesting new source of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, which could contribute to the development of new medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lenny Rodríguez-Escobar
- Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luciana R Tallini
- Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Julia Lisa-Molina
- Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Strahil Berkov
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Francesc Viladomat
- Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alan Meerow
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85282, USA
| | - Jaume Bastida
- Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Torras-Claveria
- Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Gonçalves-Santos E, Caldas IS, Fernandes VÂ, Franco LL, Pelozo MF, Feltrim F, Maciel JS, Machado JVC, Gonçalves RV, Novaes RD. Pharmacological potential of new metronidazole/eugenol/dihydroeugenol hybrids against Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro and in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110416. [PMID: 37295025 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS From well-delimited immunomodulatory, redox and antimicrobial properties; metronidazole and eugenol were used as structural platforms to assembly two new molecular hybrids (AD06 and AD07), whose therapeutic relevance was analyzed on T. cruzi infection in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Non-infected, T. cruzi-infected H9c2 cardiomyocytes, and mice non-treated and treated with vehicle, benznidazole (Bz - reference drug), AD06 and AD07 were investigated. Parasitological, prooxidant, antioxidant, microstructural, immunological, and hepatic function markers were analyzed. RESULTS Our findings indicated that in addition to having a direct antiparasitic effect on T. cruzi, metronidazole/eugenol hybrids (especially AD07) attenuated cellular parasitism, reactive species biosynthesis and oxidative stress in infected cardiomyocytes in vitro. Although AD06 and AD07 exerted no relevant impact on antioxidant enzymes activity (CAT, SOD, GR and GPx) in host cells, these drugs (especially AD07) attenuated trypanothione reductase activity in T. cruzi, which increased parasite's susceptibility to in vitro pro-oxidant challenge. AD06 and AD07 were well tolerated and do not determine humoral response suppression, mortality (100 % survival) or hepatotoxicity in mice, as indicated by transaminases plasma levels. AD07 also induced relevant in vivo antiparasitic and cardioprotective effects, attenuating parasitemia, cardiac parasite load and myocarditis in T. cruzi-infected mice. Although this cardioprotective response is potentially related to AD07 antiparasitic effect, a direct anti-inflammatory potential of this molecular hybrid cannot be ruled out. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings indicated that the new molecular hybrid AD07 stood out as a potentially relevant candidate for the development of new, safe and more effective drug regimens for T. cruzi infection treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elda Gonçalves-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ivo S Caldas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Valquiria  Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucas L Franco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Alimentos e Medicamentos, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mônica F Pelozo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Alimentos e Medicamentos, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando Feltrim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Alimentos e Medicamentos, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Maciel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Alimentos e Medicamentos, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jose Vaz C Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Reggiani V Gonçalves
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rômulo D Novaes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Animal, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Ortiz JE, Piñeiro M, Martinez-Peinado N, Barrera P, Sosa M, Bastida J, Alonso-Padilla J, Feresin GE. Candimine from Hippeastrum escoipense (Amaryllidaceae): Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity and synergistic effect with benznidazole. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154788. [PMID: 37037085 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease (CD), caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, represents a health threat to around 20 million people worldwide. Side effects of benznidazole (Bzn) cause 15-20% of patients to discontinue their treatment. Evidence has increased in favor of the use of drug combinations to improve the efficacy and tolerance of the treatment. Natural products are well known to provide structures that could serve as new drugs or scaffolds for CD treatment. Spp of the Amaryllidoideae sub family of Amaryllidaceae family are known by their bioactives alkaloids, which have been reported by their antiparasitic activities. PURPOSE To evaluate the anti-T. cruzi activity of the isolated alkaloid candimine (Cnd) from Hippeastrum escoipense Slanis & Huaylla; and to assess the combination effect between Cnd and Bzn against different life stages of T. cruzi parasites. METHODS The chemical profile of H. escoipense alkaloids extract (AE-H. escoipense), including quantitation of Cnd was performed through GC/MS and UPLC-MS/MS techniques. Subsequently, Cnd was isolated using Shephadex LH-20. Then, the AE-H. escoipense and Cnd were tested against T. cruzi, (epimastigotes, trypomastigotes, and amastigotes) by in vitro proliferation and viability assays. The cytotoxicity was evaluated against Vero and HepG2 mammalian cells. The ultrastructural analysis was perform by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and mitochondrial activity was carried out by MTT assay. Drug combination assay between Cnd and Bzn was evaluated using the Chou-Talalay method. RESULTS The AE-H. escoipense and Cnd showed high and specific anti-T. cruzi activity, comparable to Bzn. Cnd induces ultrastructural changes in T. cruzi, such as vacuolization, membrane blebs, and increased mitochondrial activity. Regarding the interaction between Cnd and Bzn, it generates synergism in the combinations of 0.25×IC50 in epimastigotes, 2×IC50 in trypomastigotes+amastigotes, and 0.25, 2, and 4×IC50 in amastigotes. CONCLUSION The synergism between Cnd and Bzn indicates that the combination at the concentration of 4×IC50 could be useful as an effective new therapy against CD in the chronic stage. Thus, Cnd isolated from the leaves of H. escoipense emerges as potential candidate for the development of a new drug for the treatment of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier E Ortiz
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martin, 1109 O San Juan, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CCT CONICET San Juan, Argentina
| | - Mauricio Piñeiro
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martin, 1109 O San Juan, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CCT CONICET San Juan, Argentina
| | - Nieves Martinez-Peinado
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clinic-University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l´Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Barrera
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Histología y Embriología "Dr. Mario H. Burgos", Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-CONICET, CC 56 (5500) Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Miguel Sosa
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Histología y Embriología "Dr. Mario H. Burgos", Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-CONICET, CC 56 (5500) Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Jaume Bastida
- Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l´Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Alonso-Padilla
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clinic-University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriela E Feresin
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martin, 1109 O San Juan, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CCT CONICET San Juan, Argentina.
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Piñeiro M, Ortiz JE, Spina Zapata RM, Barrera PA, Sosa MA, Roitman G, Bastida J, Feresin GE. Antiparasitic Activity of Hippeastrum Species and Synergistic Interaction between Montanine and Benznidazole against Trypanosoma cruzi. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010144. [PMID: 36677436 PMCID: PMC9864487 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hippeastrum species have a wide range of biological properties. In Argentina, this genus comprises ten widely distributed species. PURPOSE To evaluate the antiparasitic and anticholinesterase activities and chemical profiles of seven Argentinean Hippeastrum species and determine the synergism between the major isolated alkaloid-montanine-and benznidazole in anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity. METHODS The antiparasitic activity was evaluated through antiproliferative and viability assays against T. cruzi epimastigotes. Synergism assays were performed using the Chou-Talalay method. AChE and BuChE inhibitory activities were also assessed. The alkaloid composition was obtained using GC-MS analysis. RESULTS All extracts showed strong growth inhibition of T. cruzi epimastigote proliferation. The extracts from H. aglaiae, H. aulicum, and H. hybrid stand out for their potent and total growth inhibition, which was comparable to benznidazole. The H. reticulatum extract showed strong Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities, while five species showed moderate Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibition. Fifteen alkaloids were identified by means of GC-MS. Regarding the synergism assessment, the highest synergistic effect was obtained from the combination of montanine and benznidazole. CONCLUSION Hippeastrum species bulb extracts from Argentina were shown to be a good source of antiparasitic alkaloids and cholinesterase inhibitors. The synergism between montanine and benznidazole emerges as a potential combination for future studies to treat Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Piñeiro
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martin 1109 O, San Juan CP 5400, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA), Godoy Cruz CP 2290, Argentina
| | - Javier E. Ortiz
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martin 1109 O, San Juan CP 5400, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA), Godoy Cruz CP 2290, Argentina
| | - Renata M. Spina Zapata
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Histología y Embriología “Dr. Mario H. Burgos”, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-CONICET, Mendoza CP 5500, Argentina
| | - Patricia A. Barrera
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Histología y Embriología “Dr. Mario H. Burgos”, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-CONICET, Mendoza CP 5500, Argentina
| | - Miguel A. Sosa
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Histología y Embriología “Dr. Mario H. Burgos”, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-CONICET, Mendoza CP 5500, Argentina
| | - Germán Roitman
- Facultad de Turismo y Urbanismo, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Av. del Libertador San Martín 721 Villa de Merlo, San Luis CP D5881DFN, Argentina
| | - Jaume Bastida
- Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriela E. Feresin
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martin 1109 O, San Juan CP 5400, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA), Godoy Cruz CP 2290, Argentina
- Correspondence:
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