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Zhang S, Yan F, Luan F, Chai Y, Li N, Wang YW, Chen ZL, Xu DQ, Tang YP. The pathological mechanisms and potential therapeutic drugs for myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155649. [PMID: 38653154 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death and disability, with myocardial ischemia being the predominant type that poses a significant threat to humans. Reperfusion, an essential therapeutic approach, promptly reinstates blood circulation to the ischemic myocardium and stands as the most efficacious clinical method for myocardial preservation. Nevertheless, the restoration of blood flow associated with this process can potentially induce myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), thereby diminishing the effectiveness of reperfusion and impacting patient prognosis. Therefore, it is of great significance to prevent and treat MIRI. PURPOSE MIRI is an important factor affecting the prognosis of patients, and there is no specific in-clinic treatment plan. In this review, we have endeavored to summarize its pathological mechanisms and therapeutic drugs to provide more powerful evidence for clinical application. METHODS A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Medline and Google Scholar with a core focus on the pathological mechanisms and potential therapeutic drugs of MIRI. RESULTS Accumulated evidence revealed that oxidative stress, calcium overload, mitochondrial dysfunction, energy metabolism disorder, ferroptosis, inflammatory reaction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, pyroptosis and autophagy regulation have been shown to participate in the process, and that the occurrence and development of MIRI are related to plenty of signaling pathways. Currently, a range of chemical drugs, natural products, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparations have demonstrated the ability to mitigate MIRI by targeting various mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS At present, most of the research focuses on animal and cell experiments, and the regulatory mechanisms of each signaling pathway are still unclear. The translation of experimental findings into clinical practice remains incomplete, necessitating further exploration through large-scale, multi-center randomized controlled trials. Given the absence of a specific drug for MIRI, the identification of therapeutic agents to reduce myocardial ischemia is of utmost significance. For the future, it is imperative to enhance our understanding of the pathological mechanism underlying MIRI, continuously investigate and develop novel pharmaceutical agents, expedite the clinical translation of these drugs, and foster innovative approaches that integrate TCM with Western medicine. These efforts will facilitate the emergence of fresh perspectives for the clinical management of MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau; Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fei Luan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yun Chai
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau.
| | - Yu-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Chen
- International Programs Office, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ding-Qiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Liu X, Fan B, Huang S, Wang M, Teng H, Wang X, Shi M, Li T, Zhao Y, Wang L. Design and synthesis of matrine derivatives for anti myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by promoting angiogenesis. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 108:117776. [PMID: 38852257 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) is a common cardiovascular disease that seriously affects the quality of life and prognosis of patients. In recent years, matrine has attracted widespread attention in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This study designed, synthesized, and characterized 20 new matrine derivatives and studied their protective effects on ischemia-reperfusion injury through in vivo and in vitro experiments. Based on cellular assays, most newly synthesized derivatives have a certain protective effect on Hypoxia/Reoxygenation (H/R) induced H9C2 cell damage, with compound 22 having the best activity and effectively reducing cell apoptosis and necrosis. In vitro experimental data shows that compound 22 can significantly reduce the infarct size of rat myocardium and improve cardiac function after MI/R injury. In summary, compound 22 is a new potential cardioprotective agent that can promote angiogenesis and enhance antioxidant activity by activating ADCY5, CREB3l4, and VEGFA, thereby protecting myocardial cell apoptosis and necrosis induced by MI/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liu
- People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Bowen Fan
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maolin Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hongbo Teng
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Mengqi Shi
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Tianshi Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Liyan Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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Zhao K, Tang J, Xie H, Liu L, Qin Q, Sun B, Qin ZH, Sheng R, Zhu J. Nicotinamide riboside attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via regulating SIRT3/SOD2 signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116689. [PMID: 38703508 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease invariably leads to devastating damage to human health. Nicotinamide ribose (NR), as one of the precursors of NAD+ synthesis, has been discovered to exert a protective role in various neurological and cardiovascular disorders. Our findings demonstrated that pretreatment with 200 mg/kg NR for 3 h significantly reduced myocardial infarct area, decreased levels of CK-MB and LDH in serum, and improved cardiac function in the rats during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Meanwhile, 0.5 mM NR also effectively increased the viability and decreased the LDH release of H9c2 cells during OGD/R. We had provided evidence that NR pretreatment could decrease mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production and MDA content, and enhance SOD activity, thereby mitigating mitochondrial damage and inhibiting apoptosis during myocardial I/R injury. Further investigations revealed that NR increased NAD+ content and upregulated SIRT3 protein expression in myocardium. Through using of SIRT3 small interfering RNA and the SIRT3 deacetylase activity inhibitor 3-TYP, we had confirmed that the cardioprotective effect of NR on cardiomyocytes was largely dependent on the inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative stress via SIRT3-SOD2 axis. Overall, our study suggested that exogenous supplementation with NR mitigated mitochondrial damage and inhibited apoptosis during myocardial I/R injury by reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress via SIRT3-SOD2-mtROS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qin Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Luo D, Tang X, Wang Y, Ying S, He Y, Lin H, Khoso PA, Li S. Selenium deficiency exacerbated Bisphenol A-induced intestinal toxicity in chickens: Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest mediated by ROS/P53. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169730. [PMID: 38160834 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a phenolic organic synthetic compound that is used as the raw material of polycarbonate plastics, and its safety issues have recently attracted wide attention. Selenium (Se) deficiency has gradually developed into a global disease affecting intestinal function via oxidative stress and apoptosis. However, the toxic effects and potential mechanisms of BPA exposure and Se deficiency in the chicken intestines have not been studied. In this study, BPA exposure and/or Se deficiency models were established in vivo and in vitro to investigate the effects of Se deficiency and BPA on chicken jejunum. The results showed that BPA exposure and/or Se deficiency increased jejunum oxidative stress and DNA damage, activated P53 pathway, led to mitochondrial dysfunction, and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Using protein-protein molecular docking, we found a strong binding ability between P53 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1, thereby regulating mitochondrial dysfunctional apoptosis. In addition, we used N-acetyl-L-cysteine and pifithrin-α for in vitro intervention and found that N-acetyl-L-cysteine and pifithrin-α intervention reversed the aforementioned adverse effects. This study clarified the potential mechanism by which Se deficiency exacerbates BPA induced intestinal injury in chickens through reactive oxygen species/P53, which provides a new idea for the study of environmental combined toxicity of Se deficiency, and insights into animal intestinal health from a new perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliu Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xinyu Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Shuqi Ying
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yujiao He
- Kekedala Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Workstation of the Fourth Division of Xinjiang Construction Corps, Kekedala 831304, PR China
| | - Hongjin Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Pervez Ahmed Khoso
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Shu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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Tong Y, Li G, Shi X, Wang L, Zhou J, Chu M, Wang Z, Abd El-Aty AM, Dang J. Protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice by 3-caffeoylquinic acid isomers isolated from Saxifraga tangutica. RSC Adv 2024; 14:6642-6655. [PMID: 38390505 PMCID: PMC10883144 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00046c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of ischemic heart disease (IHD) involves a variety of pathophysiological responses, such as mitochondrial dysfunction. Many compounds with antioxidant activity isolated from natural products have been shown to have significant effects on the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about the palliative effects of 3-caffeoylquinic acid isomers isolated from Saxifraga tangutica (S. tangutica) on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI). Three isomers of 3-caffeoylquinic acid were isolated from S. tangutica and identified as neochlorogenic acid (Fr2-4-1-1, 18.5 mg), chlorogenic acid (Fr2-5-1-1, 81.7 mg) and cryptochlorogenic acid (Fr2-5-2-1, 15.0 mg) using medium-pressure liquid chromatography-high-pressure two-dimensional liquid chromatography. An in vitro DPPH assay showed that cryptochlorogenic acid (CCGA), neochlorogenic acid (NCGA) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) (in order of activity from strongest to weakest) possessed superior antioxidant activity. Langendorff's in vitro model was utilized to explore the protective effects of 3 caffeoylquinic acid isomers against MIRI. The ex vivo MIRI assay demonstrated that CCGA significantly improved hemodynamic function (P < 0.05), hemodynamic function-related indices (LVDP, RPP, +dP/dt and -dP/dt), and cell morphology in I/R myocardium tissues. In addition, the results of western blot analysis showed that mitochondrial biogenesis was significantly increased in I/R myocardial tissues after treatment with CCGA. In contrast, the activities of CGA and NCGA were lower. This is the first demonstration of efficient preparative isolation of 3-caffeoylquinic acid isomers (CGA, NCGA and CCGA) from S. tangutica. CCGA may be a promising approach for the treatment of cardiac I/R injury, especially for the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis after MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Tong
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810001 Qinghai China +86-971-6143282 +86-971-6143282
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University Yantai 264005 China
| | - Gang Li
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University Yantai 264005 China
| | - Xiaobing Shi
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University Yantai 264005 China
| | - Lin Wang
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University Yantai 264005 China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810001 Qinghai China +86-971-6143282 +86-971-6143282
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University Yantai 264005 China
| | - Ming Chu
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University Yantai 264005 China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University Yantai 264005 China
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University Giza 12211 Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University Erzurum 25240 Turkey
| | - Jun Dang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810001 Qinghai China +86-971-6143282 +86-971-6143282
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Zhang Y, Chen L, Zhu J, Liu H, Xu L, Wu Y, He C, Song Y. Minor alleles of FTO rs9939609 and rs17817449 polymorphisms confer a higher risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia, but not coronary artery disease in a Chinese Han population. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1249070. [PMID: 38161971 PMCID: PMC10754952 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1249070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Relationships of the polymorphisms in fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta gene (PPARD) with metabolic-related diseases remain to be clarified. Methods One thousand three hundred and eighty-one subjects were enrolled. Metabolic-related diseases including obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperuricemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and coronary artery disease (CAD) were defined based on diagnostic criteria. FTO rs9939609 and rs17817449, and PPARD rs2016520 and rs2267668 polymorphisms were genotyped by using polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragment length polymorphism method. Results Patients with T2DM or dyslipidemia had a higher frequency of AA, AT or AA + AT genotypes as well as A allele of FTO rs9939609 polymorphism than those free of T2DM or dyslipidemia (P ≤ 0.04 for all). Patients with T2DM or dyslipidemia had a higher frequency of GG, GT or GG + GT genotypes as well as G allele of FTO rs17817449 polymorphism than those free of T2DM or dyslipidemia (P ≤ 0.03 for all). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that FTO rs9939609 and rs17817449 polymorphisms were independently associated with T2DM as well as dyslipidemia after adjustment for age, sex, smoking and other metabolic diseases. FTO rs9939609 and rs17817449 polymorphisms were not associated with obesity, hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperuricemia, hypertension and CAD. Obese or T2DM carriers of the AA or AT genotype of the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism had a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia compared to non-obese or non-T2DM carriers of the AA or AT genotype (P = 0.03 for both). Among the carriers of GG or GT genotype of the FTO rs17817449 polymorphism, the prevalence of dyslipidemia in obese patients was higher than that in non-obese subjects (P < 0.01). PPARD rs2016520 and rs2267668 polymorphisms were not correlated with any of the metabolic-related diseases in the study population. Conclusion Minor alleles of FTO rs9939609 and rs17817449 polymorphisms confer a higher risk of T2DM and dyslipidemia, and the risk is further increased among obese individuals. PPARD rs2016520 and rs2267668 polymorphisms are not associated with metabolic-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjin Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lvlin Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junchen Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Luying Xu
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongyan Song
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Teng H, Wu D, Lu L, Gao C, Wang H, Zhao Y, Wang L. Design and synthesis of 3,4-seco-lupane triterpene derivatives to resist myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction via the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115452. [PMID: 37688986 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, 86 new seco-lupane triterpenoid derivatives were designed, synthesized, and characterized, and their protective activities against ischemia-reperfusion injury were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that most target compounds could protect cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury in vitro, with compound 85 being the most active and exhibiting more potent protective activity than clinical first-line drugs. Furthermore, all thiophene derivatives exhibited stronger protective activity than furan, pyridine, and pyrazine derivatives, and the protective activity gradually increased with the extension of the alkyl chain and changed in the substituent. The data from the in-vitro and in-vivo experiments revealed that compound 85 protected mitochondria from damage by inhibiting excessive production of oxidative stressors, such as intracellular ROS, which in turn inhibited the apoptosis and necrotize of cardiomyocytes and reduced infarct size, thereby protecting normal cardiac function. It was associated with enhanced activation of the PI3K/AKT-mediated HIF-1α signaling pathway. Therefore, compound 85 acts as an oxidative stress inhibitor, blocks ROS production, protects mitochondria and cells from myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury, and represents an effective new drug for treating MI/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Teng
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Luo Lu
- Drug Evaluation Center of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chunyu Gao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Haohao Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Liyan Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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