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Mild Hyperhomocysteinemia Causes Anxiety-like Behavior and Brain Hyperactivity in Rodents: Are ATPase and Excitotoxicity by NMDA Receptor Overstimulation Involved in this Effect? Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2697-2714. [PMID: 34324129 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mild hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, whose mechanisms between them are not well-known. In the present study, we evaluated the emotional behavior and neurochemical pathways (ATPases, glutamate homeostasis, and cell viability) in amygdala and prefrontal cortex rats subjected to mild hyperhomocysteinemia (in vivo studies). The ex vivo effect of homocysteine on ATPases and redox status, as well as on NMDAR antagonism by MK-801 in same structures slices were also performed. Wistar male rats received a subcutaneous injection of 0.03 µmol Homocysteine/g of body weight or saline, twice a day from 30 to 60th-67th days of life. Hyperhomocysteinemia increased anxiety-like behavior and tended to alter locomotion/exploration of rats, whereas sucrose preference and forced swimming tests were not altered. Glutamate uptake was not changed, but the activities of glutamine synthetase and ATPases were increased. Cell viability was not altered. Ex vivo studies (slices) showed that homocysteine altered ATPases and redox status and that MK801, an NMDAR antagonist, protected amygdala (partially) and prefrontal cortex (totally) effects. Taken together, data showed that mild hyperhomocysteinemia impairs the emotional behavior, which may be associated with changes in ATPase and glutamate homeostasis, including glutamine synthetase and NMDAR overstimulation that could lead to excitotoxicity. These findings may be associated with the homocysteine risk factor on psychiatric disorders development and neurodegeneration.
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2
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Naseem M, Vishnoi S, Kaushik M, Parvez S. Behavioural tagging: Effect of novelty exploration on plasticity related molecular signatures. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:2359-2374. [PMID: 34097099 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Learning and memory are one of those frontier areas of neurobiology which attract us to investigate the intricacy of this process. Here, we aimed to investigate the general mechanism of "Behavioural Tagging and Capture" in long term memory (LTM) formation and to find the key factors playing role in consolidation of LTM. In this study, we've shown that not only plasticity related proteins (PRPs) but neurotransmitters and immediate early genes (IEGs) also play an important role in memory formation process. It's very well evident that memory traces can last longer if close in time novelty is introduced around memory encoding. Here our results point out that this novelty exploration acts as a modulator in memory consolidation by providing PRPs such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), enhancing neurotransmitters (Dopamine), IEGs (cFos) and some enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), monoamine oxidase (MAO), sodium-potassium ATPase (Na+K+-ATPase). Therefore, by using a Novel Object Recognition task (NOR) in combination with novel task exposure, we evaluated the role of molecular markers in memory consolidation employing a behavioural tagging model. The purpose of the current study was first to evaluate the effect of novelty exposure around a single trail of NOR task in a critical time window on memory consolidation in rats after 24 h and second to determine the expression of BDNF, CREB, c-fos, AChE, MAO, Na+K+-ATPase as potential markers in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) during memory formation. In the present study, to identify and validate the role of these molecular signatures in memory consolidation, infusion of the protein synthesis inhibitor Anisomycin (Ani) was done around the training session that causes a deficit in the formation of LTM when tested 24 h after weak encoding. Altogether, here we are providing the first comprehensive set of evidences indicating that BDNF, CREB, dopamine, some enzymes and c-fos role in modulating LTM by employing behavioural tagging model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehar Naseem
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Shruti Vishnoi
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Medha Kaushik
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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3
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Meiser S, Ashida G, Kretzberg J. Non-synaptic Plasticity in Leech Touch Cells. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1444. [PMID: 31827443 PMCID: PMC6890822 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of Na+/K+-pumps in activity-dependent synaptic plasticity has been described in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Here, we provide evidence that the Na+/K+-pump is also involved in activity-dependent non-synaptic cellular plasticity in leech sensory neurons. We show that the resting membrane potential (RMP) of T cells hyperpolarizes in response to repeated somatic current injection, while at the same time their spike count (SC) and the input resistance (IR) increase. Our Hodgkin–Huxley-type neuron model, adjusted to physiological T cell properties, suggests that repetitive action potential discharges lead to increased Na+/K+-pump activity, which then hyperpolarizes the RMP. In consequence, a slow, non-inactivating current decreases, which is presumably mediated by voltage-dependent, low-threshold potassium channels. Closing of these putative M-type channels due to hyperpolarization of the resting potential increases the IR of the cell, leading to a larger number of spikes. By this mechanism, the response behavior switches from rapidly to slowly adapting spiking. These changes in spiking behavior also effect other T cells on the same side of the ganglion, which are connected via a combination of electrical and chemical synapses. An increased SC in the presynaptic T cell results in larger postsynaptic responses (PRs) in the other T cells. However, when the number of elicited presynaptic spikes is kept constant, the PR does not change. These results suggest that T cells change their responses in an activity-dependent manner through non-synaptic rather than synaptic plasticity. These changes might act as a gain-control mechanism. Depending on the previous activity, this gain could scale the relative impacts of synaptic inputs from other mechanoreceptors, versus the spike responses to tactile skin stimulation. This multi-tasking ability, and its flexible adaptation to previous activity, might make the T cell a key player in a preparatory network, enabling the leech to perform fast behavioral reactions to skin stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Meiser
- Computational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty VI, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Go Ashida
- Computational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty VI, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty VI, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jutta Kretzberg
- Computational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty VI, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty VI, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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4
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Figueiró PW, Moreira DDS, Dos Santos TM, Prezzi CA, Rohden F, Faccioni-Heuser MC, Manfredini V, Netto CA, Wyse ATS. The neuroprotective role of melatonin in a gestational hypermethioninemia model. Int J Dev Neurosci 2019; 78:198-209. [PMID: 31476364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of methionine in blood characterize the hypermethioninemia, which may have genetic or non-genetic origin, as for example from high protein diet. Born rats from hypermethioninemic mothers presented cerebral oxidative stress, inhibition of Na+,K+-ATPase, memory deficit and ultrastructure cerebral changes. Melatonin is a hormone involved in circadian rhythm and has antioxidant effects. The aim of this study was to verify the possible neuroprotective effects of melatonin administration in hypermethioninemic pregnant rats on damage to biomolecules (Na+,K+-ATPase, sulfhydryl content and DNA damage index) and behavior (open field, novel object recognition and water maze tasks), as well as its effect on cells morphology by electron microscopy in offspring. Wistar female rats received methionine (2.68 μmol/g body weight) and/or melatonin (10 mg/kg body weight) by subcutaneous injections during entire pregnancy. Control rats received saline. Biochemical analyzes were performed at 21 and 30 days of life of offspring and behavioral analyzes were performed only at 30 days of age in male pups. Results showed that gestational hypermethioninemia diminished Na+,K+-ATPase activity and sulfhydryl content and increased DNA damage at 21 and 30 days of life. Melatonin was able to totally prevent Na+,K+-ATPase activity alteration at 21 days and partially prevent its alteration at 30 days of rats life. Melatonin was unable in to prevent sulfhydryl and DNA damage at two ages. It also improved DNA damage, but not at level of saline animals (controls). Regarding to behavioral tests, data showed that pups exposed to gestational hypermethioninemia decreased reference memory in water maze, spent more time to the center of the open field and did not differentiate the objects in the recognition test. Melatonin was able to prevent the deficit in novel object recognition task. Electron microscopy revealed ultrastructure alterations in neurons of hypermethioninemic at both ages of offspring, whose were prevented by melatonin. These findings suggest that melatonin may be a good neuroprotective to minimize the harmful effects of gestational hypermethioninemia on offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula W Figueiró
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Daniella de S Moreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Tiago M Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Caroline A Prezzi
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Francieli Rohden
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Faccioni-Heuser
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Laboratório de Histofisiologia Comparada, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Vanusa Manfredini
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Citologia Clínica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Caixa Postal 118, Uruguaiana, RS, 97508-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Netto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
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Marques EP, Ferreira FS, Santos TM, Prezzi CA, Martins LAM, Bobermin LD, Quincozes-Santos A, Wyse ATS. Cross-talk between guanidinoacetate neurotoxicity, memory and possible neuroprotective role of creatine. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:165529. [PMID: 31398469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Guanidinoacetate Methyltransferase deficiency is an inborn error of metabolism that results in decreased creatine and increased guanidinoacetate (GAA) levels. Patients present neurological symptoms whose mechanisms are unclear. We investigated the effects of an intrastriatal administration of 10 μM of GAA (0.02 nmol/striatum) on energy metabolism, redox state, inflammation, glutamate homeostasis, and activities/immunocontents of acetylcholinesterase and Na+,K+-ATPase, as well as on memory acquisition. The neuroprotective role of creatine was also investigated. Male Wistar rats were pretreated with creatine (50 mg/kg) or saline for 7 days underwenting stereotactic surgery. Forty-eight hours after surgery, the animals (then sixty-days-old) were divided into groups: Control, GAA, GAA + Creatine, and Creatine. Experiments were performed 30 min after intrastriatal infusion. GAA decreased SDH, complexes II and IV activities, and ATP levels, but had no effect on mitochondrial mass/membrane potential. Creatine totally prevented SDH and complex II, and partially prevented COX and ATP alterations. GAA increased dichlorofluorescein levels and decreased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Creatine only prevented catalase and dichlorofluorescein alterations. GAA increased cytokines, nitrites levels and acetylcholinesterase activity, but not its immunocontent. Creatine prevented such effects, except nitrite levels. GAA decreased glutamate uptake, but had no effect on the immunocontent of its transporters. GAA decreased Na+,K+-ATPase activity and increased the immunocontent of its α3 subunit. The performance on the novel object recognition task was also impaired. Creatine partially prevented the changes in glutamate uptake and Na+,K+-ATPase activity, and completely prevented the memory impairment. This study helps to elucidate the protective effects of creatine against the damage caused by GAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Peil Marques
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Street Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Annex, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Program of Post-graduation in Biological Sciences-Biochemistry, Biochemistry Department, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Street Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Annex, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva Ferreira
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Street Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Annex, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Program of Post-graduation in Biological Sciences-Biochemistry, Biochemistry Department, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Street Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Annex, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Marcon Santos
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Street Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Annex, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Program of Post-graduation in Biological Sciences-Biochemistry, Biochemistry Department, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Street Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Annex, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Acauan Prezzi
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Street Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Annex, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Program of Post-graduation in Biological Sciences-Biochemistry, Biochemistry Department, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Street Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Annex, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Leo A M Martins
- Program of Post-graduation in Biological Sciences-Biochemistry, Biochemistry Department, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Street Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Annex, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Daniele Bobermin
- Program of Post-graduation in Biological Sciences-Biochemistry, Biochemistry Department, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Street Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Annex, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Program of Post-graduation in Biological Sciences-Biochemistry, Biochemistry Department, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Street Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Annex, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Street Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Annex, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Program of Post-graduation in Biological Sciences-Biochemistry, Biochemistry Department, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Street Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Annex, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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6
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Cheng D, Li H, Zhou J, Wang S. Chlorogenic acid relieves lead-induced cognitive impairments and hepato-renal damage via regulating the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in mice. Food Funct 2019; 10:681-690. [PMID: 30657151 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01755g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb), a heavy metal which is widely recognized as an environmental toxicant, is transported from the earth's crust into the human body to a significant extent. To control and reduce the hazard of Pb burdens in the human body, chlorogenic acid (CGA) has been used to antagonize Pb-induced cognitive impairments, and hepatic and renal toxicity in the present study. Seven-week-old male Kunming mice were treated with PbCl2 (1.34 g L-1 in drinking water) and/or CGA (30 mg per kg mouse per day) by gavage administration for 8 weeks. In this study, we evaluated behavior tests, serum biochemical parameters, biomarkers of oxidative stress, and community structure of gut microbiota in mice to explore the potential mechanism of the protective effect. Based on our results, CGA appreciably prevented memory impairment, the release of serum biomarkers, and oxidative stress caused by Pb intake. CGA significantly inhibited Pb-induced increase of cytoplasmic NF-κB, Bax, cytochrome C, and caspase-9 protein expressions. Furthermore, Pb + CGA treatment had a remarkable reversion effect of the gut microbiota composition change induced by Pb, for example increasing the ratio of Helicobacter from 2.95% (Pb) to 11.24% (Pb + CGA) and decreasing the ratio of the Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_ group from 7.09% (Pb) to 2.68% (Pb + CGA), which suggests that CGA is a superior natural product to eliminate Pb-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Cheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
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7
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Ojo OA, Afon AA, Ojo AB, Ajiboye BO, Okesola MA, Aruleba RT, Adekiya TA, Oyinloye BE. Spondias mombim L. (Anacardiaceae): Chemical fingerprints, inhibitory activities, and molecular docking on key enzymes relevant to erectile dysfunction and Alzheimer's diseases. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12772. [PMID: 31353540 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Due to the exceptional wide range in biochemical activities of natural plant products, Spondias mombim L. are attaining a new height because they present great prospects for drug advancement. This research was designed to analyze the pharmaceutical properties of S. mombim L. ethyl acetate fraction (SMEAF) on key enzymes relevant to erectile and cognitive dysfunction. SMEAF inhibitory activities of the specified enzymes were determined spectrophotometrically. Chemical profile of SMEAF were assessed by HPLC/MS analysis. Thereafter, molecular docking of the studied enzymes with chlorogenic acid, lutein, and zeaxanthin were carried out using PATCHDOCK. SMEAF had remarkable enzyme inhibitory effects against phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5), arginase, angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE), cholinesterase, monoamine oxidase A (MAO), ecto-5' nucleotidase (E-NTDase), tyrosinase, and stimulated sodium-potassium ATPase (Na+/K+-ATPase) activities. HPLC/MS analysis revealed that phenolics and carotenoids were major components in these fraction notably, chlorogenic acid, lutein, and zeaxanthin. Our results suggested that SMEAF could be explored as phytopharmaceuticals. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Spondias mombim L. are cooked as green vegetable with enormous medicinal value probably due to its polyphenols with potent antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the leaves could also be useful for therapeutic purposes against erectile dysfunction and central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo
- Phytomedicine, and Biomedical Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Adeola Agnes Afon
- Phytomedicine, and Biomedical Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | - Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye
- Phytomedicine, and Biomedical Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | - Raphael Taiwo Aruleba
- Biotechnology and Structural Biochemistry (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Tayo Alex Adekiya
- Biotechnology and Structural Biochemistry (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye
- Phytomedicine, and Biomedical Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.,Biotechnology and Structural Biochemistry (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
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8
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Liu S, Cao XL, Liu GQ, Zhou T, Yang XL, Ma BX. Thein silicoandin vivoevaluation of puerarin against Alzheimer's disease. Food Funct 2019; 10:799-813. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01696h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In silicomethods were used to screen the anti-AD effect of puerarin, further mutually verified by anin vivostudy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- Department of Pharmacy
- School of Medicine
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Xiao-Lu Cao
- Department of Pharmacy
- School of Medicine
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Guang-Qi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy
- School of Medicine
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy
- School of Medicine
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Xi-Liang Yang
- Department of Pharmacy
- School of Medicine
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
| | - Bing-Xin Ma
- Reproductive Medicine Center
- Tongji Hospital
- Tongji Medical College
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan, 430030
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Ajiboye BO, Akalabu MC, Ojo OA, Afolabi OB, Okesola MA, Olayide I, Oyinloye BE. Inhibitory effect of ethyl acetate fraction of
Solanum macrocarpon
L. leaves on cholinergic, monoaminergic, and purinergic enzyme activities. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye
- Nutraceutical and Phytomedicine Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences Afe Babalola University Ado‐Ekiti Nigeria
| | - Maureen Chidima Akalabu
- Nutraceutical and Phytomedicine Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences Afe Babalola University Ado‐Ekiti Nigeria
| | - Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo
- Nutraceutical and Phytomedicine Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences Afe Babalola University Ado‐Ekiti Nigeria
| | - Olakunle Bamikole Afolabi
- Nutraceutical and Phytomedicine Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences Afe Babalola University Ado‐Ekiti Nigeria
| | - Mary Abiola Okesola
- Nutraceutical and Phytomedicine Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences Afe Babalola University Ado‐Ekiti Nigeria
| | - Israel Olayide
- Nutraceutical and Phytomedicine Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences Afe Babalola University Ado‐Ekiti Nigeria
| | - Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye
- Nutraceutical and Phytomedicine Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences Afe Babalola University Ado‐Ekiti Nigeria
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10
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Ajiboye BO, Ojo OA, Okesola MA, Oyinloye BE, Kappo AP. Ethyl acetate leaf fraction of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I. M. Johnst: antioxidant potential, inhibitory activities of key enzymes on carbohydrate metabolism, cholinergic, monoaminergic, purinergic, and chemical fingerprinting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2018.1504787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye
- Nutraceutical and Phytomedicine Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo
- Nutraceutical and Phytomedicine Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Mary Abiola Okesola
- Nutraceutical and Phytomedicine Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye
- Nutraceutical and Phytomedicine Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
- Biotechnology and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Abidemi Paul Kappo
- Biotechnology and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
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Selenofuranoside improves long-term memory deficits in rats after exposure to monosodium glutamate: Involvement of Na +, K +-ATPase activity. Physiol Behav 2017; 184:27-33. [PMID: 29097195 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is the most widely used additive in the food industry; however, some adverse effects of this additive, including functional, learning, and behavioral alterations, have been observed in experimental animals and humans. Studies have shown learning and memory impairment in adult animals exposed to MSG. However, studies relating exposure to MSG to acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Na+, K+-ATPase activities and memory damage are still scarce in the literature. The aim of the present study was to assess the possible protective effects of selenofuranoside, an organoselenium compound, against the impairment of long-term memory, Na+, K+-ATPase and AChE activities, and oxidative stress after MSG exposure in rats. MSG (2g/kg) and/or selenofuranoside (5mg/kg) were administered orally to 5-week-old male Wistar rats for 10days. On the 10th day, after the administration of last dose of the drug(s), the rats were subjected to behavioral tests: the open-field test and step-down passive avoidance task (SDPA). The blood, liver, kidney, cortex, and hippocampus were removed to determine the oxidative stress parameters, such as the levels of reactive species, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities, and endogenous nonenzymatic antioxidant content. Furthermore, the cortex and hippocampus were used to determine the Na+, K+-ATPase and AChE activities. The results demonstrate that the administration of MSG led to long-term memory impairment, as shown in the SDPA task, and also hippocampal and cortical Na+, K+-ATPase inhibition. There were no alterations in the AChE activity and oxidative stress parameters. Treatment with selenofuranoside attenuated memory impairment associated with MSG exposure by improving the hippocampal Na+, K+-ATPase activity.
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Methionine Administration in Pregnant Rats Causes Memory Deficit in the Offspring and Alters Ultrastructure in Brain Tissue. Neurotox Res 2017; 33:239-246. [PMID: 29086391 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9830-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we evaluated the effect of gestational hypermethioninemia on locomotor activity, anxiety, memory, and exploratory behavior of rat offspring through the following behavior tests: open field, object recognition, and inhibitory avoidance. Histological analysis was also done in the brain tissue of pups. Wistar female rats received methionine (2.68 μmol/g body weight) by subcutaneous injections during pregnancy. Control rats received saline. Histological analyses were made in brain tissue from 21 and 30 days of age pups. Another group was left to recover until the 30th day of life to perform behavior tests. Results from open field task showed that pups exposed to methionine during intrauterine development spent more time in the center of the arena. In the object recognition memory task, we observed that methionine administration during pregnancy reduced total exploration time of rat offspring during training session. The test session showed that methionine reduced the recognition index. Regarding to inhibitory avoidance task, the decrease in the step-down latency at 1 and 24 h after training demonstrated that maternal hypermethioninemia impaired short-term and long-term memories of rat offspring. Electron microscopy revealed alterations in the ultrastructure of neurons at 21 and 30 days of age. Our findings suggest that the cell morphological changes caused by maternal hypermethioninemia may be, at least partially, associated to the memory deficit of rat offspring.
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Forced Treadmill Exercise Prevents Spatial Memory Deficits in Aged Rats Probably Through the Activation of Na+, K+-ATPase in the Hippocampus. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:1422-1429. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2196-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Santos TM, Kolling J, Siebert C, Biasibetti H, Bertó CG, Grun LK, Dalmaz C, Barbé‐Tuana FM, Wyse AT. Effects of previous physical exercise to chronic stress on long‐term aversive memory and oxidative stress in amygdala and hippocampus of rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2016; 56:58-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Marcon Santos
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças NeurometabólicasDepartamento de BioquímicaICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600‐AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Janaína Kolling
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças NeurometabólicasDepartamento de BioquímicaICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600‐AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Cassiana Siebert
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças NeurometabólicasDepartamento de BioquímicaICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600‐AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Helena Biasibetti
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças NeurometabólicasDepartamento de BioquímicaICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600‐AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Carolina Gessinger Bertó
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças NeurometabólicasDepartamento de BioquímicaICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600‐AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Lucas Kich Grun
- Laboratório de Biologia MolecularDepartamento de BioquímicaICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600‐AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Carla Dalmaz
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia do EstresseDepartamento de BioquímicaICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600‐AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Florencia María Barbé‐Tuana
- Laboratório de Biologia MolecularDepartamento de BioquímicaICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600‐AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Angela T.S. Wyse
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças NeurometabólicasDepartamento de BioquímicaICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600‐AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
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Bitiktaş S, Tan B, Kavraal Ş, Yousef M, Bayar Y, Dursun N, Süer C. The effects of intra-hippocampal L-thyroxine infusion on long-term potentiation and long-term depression: A possible role for the αvβ3 integrin receptor. J Neurosci Res 2016; 95:1621-1632. [PMID: 27862211 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although the effects of long-term experimental dysthyroidism on long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) have been documented, the relationship between LTP/LTD and acute administration of L-thyroxine (T4) has not been described. Here, we investigated the effects of intra-hippocampal administration of T4 on synaptic plasticity in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation. After a 15-minute baseline recording, LTP and LTD were induced by application of high- and low-frequency stimulation protocols, respectively. Infusions of saline or T4 and tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac), a T4 analog that inhibits binding of iodothyronines to the integrin αvβ3 receptor, either alone or together, were made during the stimulation protocols. The averages of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) slopes and population spike (PS) amplitudes, between 55 to 60 minutes, were used as a measure of the LTP/LTD magnitude and were analyzed by two-way univariate ANOVA with T4 and tetrac as between-subjects factors. The input-output curves of the infusion groups were comparable to each other, as shown by the non significant interaction observed between stimulus intensity and infused drug. The magnitude of the LTP in T4-infused rats was significantly lower as compared to saline-infused rats. Both the PS amplitude and the EPSP slope were depressed more markedly with T4 infusion than with saline, tetrac, and T4 + tetrac infusion. Data of this study provide in vivo evidence that T4 can promote LTD over LTP via the integrin αvβ3 receptor, and that the effect of endogenous T4 on this receptor can be suppressed by tetrac in the hippocampus. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soner Bitiktaş
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Burak Tan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Şehrazat Kavraal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Marwa Yousef
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Bayar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Dursun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Cem Süer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
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Mechanistic basis of hypermethioninemia. Amino Acids 2016; 48:2479-2489. [PMID: 27465642 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypermethioninemia is a condition defined as elevated plasma methionine levels and may be a consequence of different conditions that include non-genetic and genetic causes. In severe cases, hypermethioninemia may lead to development of neurological and hepatic impairments, but mechanisms are still not well elucidated. Therefore, this review aims to reunite the knowledge acquired about the methionine-induced brain and liver toxicity focusing on the results obtained by studies from patients, in vitro experiments, and in vivo animal models. In general, some studies have shown that methionine decreases Na+,K+-ATPase activity, induces oxidative stress, increases acetylcholinesterase activity, and leads to dendritic spine downregulation in brain. Concerning to liver, hypermethioninemia seems to provoke changes in cell morphology, lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and ATP depletion. It is possible to infer that oxidative damage is one of the most important mechanisms responsible for methionine toxicity, since different studies showed that this amino acid induces oxidative stress in brain and liver tissues. Besides, reactive oxygen species may mediate other alterations induced by methionine, such as the reduction in brain Na+,K+-ATPase activity, and liver inflammation.
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Oboh G, Nwanna EE, Oyeleye SI, Olasehinde TA, Ogunsuyi OB, Boligon AA. In vitro neuroprotective potentials of aqueous and methanol extracts from Heinsia crinita leaves. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Carvalho FB, Gutierres JM, Bueno A, Agostinho P, Zago AM, Vieira J, Frühauf P, Cechella JL, Nogueira CW, Oliveira SM, Rizzi C, Spanevello RM, Duarte MMF, Duarte T, Dellagostin OA, Andrade CM. Anthocyanins control neuroinflammation and consequent memory dysfunction in mice exposed to lipopolysaccharide. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3350-3367. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9900-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Sorghum stem extract modulates Na+/K+-ATPase, ecto-5′-nucleotidase, and acetylcholinesterase activities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-016-2259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Early life adversities or high fat diet intake reduce cognitive function and alter BDNF signaling in adult rats: Interplay of these factors changes these effects. Int J Dev Neurosci 2016; 50:16-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Rodrigues AF, Biasibetti H, Zanotto BS, Sanches EF, Pierozan P, Schmitz F, Parisi MM, Barbé‐Tuana F, Netto CA, Wyse AT. Intracerebroventricular
d
‐galactose administration impairs memory and alters activity and expression of acetylcholinesterase in the rat. Int J Dev Neurosci 2016; 50:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- André Felipe Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600‐AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Helena Biasibetti
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600‐AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Bruna Stela Zanotto
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600‐AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Eduardo Farias Sanches
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600‐AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Paula Pierozan
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600‐AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Felipe Schmitz
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600‐AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Mariana Migliorini Parisi
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600‐AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Florencia Barbé‐Tuana
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600‐AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Netto
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600‐AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600‐AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Angela T.S. Wyse
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600‐AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600‐AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
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Carvalho FB, Boligon AA, Athayde ML, Rubin MA, Ferreira J, Trevisan G. Inhibitory effect of Scutia buxifolia extracts, fractions, and ursolic acid on Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity in vitro in membranes purified from rat hearts. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 179:45-54. [PMID: 26719288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Scutia buxifolia is a tree native to South America and is used as a cardiotonic agent; however, this property has not been associated with a clear mechanism or a specific compound. AIM OF THE STUDY Given the importance of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase as a drug target in the treatment of heart failure, this study aimed to investigate the possible inhibitory effect of S. buxifolia crude extract and fractions (dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and butanolic fractions), and identified compounds with effects on the activity of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, we characterized the crude extract and fractions by high-performance liquid chromatography, and then monitored their effects on the activity of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase obtained from heart muscle and brain membranes of adult male Wistar rats. RESULTS We identified gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, quercitrin, quercetin, and ursolic acid in S. buxifolia stem bark and leaves; quercitrin and ursolic acid were the main compounds in the ethyl acetate and dichloromethane fractions from leaves and stem bark. The crude extract (3 and 30mg/ml), and the ethyl acetate and dichloromethane fractions (0.1 and 1mg/ml) of both the stem bark and leaves inhibited Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity in heart and brain samples. We found that, of the identified compounds, only ursolic acid (0.1mg/ml) was able to diminish Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity in heart and brain samples. CONCLUSIONS These data indicated that the cardiotonic effects of S. buxifolia may be due to the inhibition of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity in heart muscle, supporting the popular use of this plant as a treatment for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano B Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline A Boligon
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Margareth L Athayde
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maribel A Rubin
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliano Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88049-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Trevisan
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (Unesc), 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
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Trypanosoma evansi infection impairs memory, increases anxiety behaviour and alters neurochemical parameters in rats. Parasitology 2015; 140:1432-41. [PMID: 23965823 DOI: 10.1017/s003118201300108x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate neurochemical and enzymatic changes in rats infected with Trypanosoma evansi, and their interference in the cognitive parameters. Behavioural assessment (assessment of cognitive performance), evaluation of cerebral L-[3H]glutamate uptake, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and Ca+2 and Na+, K+-ATPase activity were evaluated at 5 and 30 days post infection (dpi). This study demonstrates a cognitive impairment in rats infected with T. evansi. At 5 dpi memory deficit was demonstrated by an inhibitory avoidance test. With the chronicity of the disease (30 dpi) animals showed anxiety symptoms. It is possible the inhibition of cerebral Na+, K+-ATPase activity, AChE and synaptosomal glutamate uptake are involved in cognitive impairment in infected rats by T. evansi. The understanding of cerebral host–parasite relationship may shed some light on the cryptic symptoms of animals and possibly human infection where patients often present with other central nervous system (CNS) disorders.
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Rojas JJ, Deniz BF, Schuch CP, Carletti JV, Deckmann I, Diaz R, Matté C, dos Santos TM, Wyse AT, Netto CA, Pereira LO. Environmental stimulation improves performance in the ox-maze task and recovers Na+,K+-ATPase activity in the hippocampus of hypoxic-ischemic rats. Neuroscience 2015; 291:118-27. [PMID: 25617656 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In animal models, environmental enrichment (EE) has been found to be an efficient treatment for alleviating the consequences of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). However the potential for this therapeutic strategy and the mechanisms involved are not yet clear. The aim of present study is to investigate behavioral performance in the ox-maze test and Na+,K+-ATPase, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in the hippocampus of rats that suffered neonatal HI and were stimulated in an enriched environment. Seven-day-old rats were submitted to the HI procedure and divided into four groups: control maintained in standard environment (CTSE), control submitted to EE (CTEE), HI in standard environment (HISE) and HI in EE (HIEE). Animals were stimulated with EE for 9 weeks (1 h/day for 6 days/week) and then behavioral and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Present results indicate learning and memory in the ox-maze task were impaired in HI rats and this effect was recovered after EE. Hypoxic-ischemic event did not alter the Na+,K+-ATPase activity in the right hippocampus (ipsilateral to arterial occlusion). However, on the contralateral hemisphere, HI caused a decrease in this enzyme activity that was recovered by EE. The activities of GPx and CAT were not changed by HI in any group evaluated. In conclusion, EE was effective in recovering learning and memory impairment in the ox-maze task and Na+,K+-ATPase activity in the hippocampus caused by HI. The present data provide further support for the therapeutic potential of environmental stimulation after neonatal HI in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Rojas
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - B F Deniz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - C P Schuch
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - J V Carletti
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - I Deckmann
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - R Diaz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - C Matté
- Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - T M dos Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A T Wyse
- Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - C A Netto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - L O Pereira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Cheng D, Xi Y, Cao J, Cao D, Ma Y, Jiang W. Protective effect of apple (Ralls) polyphenol extract against aluminum-induced cognitive impairment and oxidative damage in rat. Neurotoxicology 2014; 45:111-20. [PMID: 25445564 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Dietary polyphenols have been strongly associated with reduced risk of AD and the other nervous diseases. We aimed to evaluate the preventive effect of the apple polyphenol extract (APE) on Al-induced biotoxicity, in order to provide a new focus on the design of strategies to prevent AD and the other human diseases related to Al overload. Control, Al-treated (171.8 mg Al kg(-1)day(-1) 10 weeks), APE+Al (Al-treatment as previously plus 200 mg kg(-1)day(-1) 10 weeks), and group of APE per se were used. Al intake caused memory impairment, significant decrease of acetylcholinesterase, CK, SOD, CAT activity and the rate of ATP synthesis, increase the Al content, the level of malondialdehyde and β-amyloid 42. Administration of APE significantly improved memory retention, attenuated oxidative damage, acetylcholinesterase activity and Al level in Al treated rats. Furthermore, chlorogenic acid (ChA) was used for analyzing stability of polyphenols-Al(3+) complex. Log K1 was 10.51, and the mole ratio of Al(3+) to ligand was 1:1. We further found that the amounts of Al increased significantly in feces of the rats gavaged with AlCl3 plus ChA compared with AlCl3. Our finding has shown APE has neuroprotective effects against Al-induced biotoxicity. Chelating with Al and disturbing its absorption could account for the neuroprotective roles of dietary polyphenols against Al toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Cheng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Sanitation, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Xi
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiankang Cao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Cao
- Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxia Ma
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Contextual fear conditioning in maternal separated rats: the amygdala as a site for alterations. Neurochem Res 2013; 39:384-93. [PMID: 24368626 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1230-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The first 2 weeks of life are a critical period for neural development in rats. Repeated long-term separation from the dam is considered to be one of the most potent stressors to which rat pups can be exposed, and permanently modifies neurobiological and behavioral parameters. Prolonged periods of maternal separation (MS) usually increase stress reactivity during adulthood, and enhance anxiety-like behavior. The aim of this study was to verify the effects of maternal separation during the neonatal period on memory as well as on biochemical parameters (Na(+), K(+)-ATPase and antioxidant enzymes activities) in the amygdala of adult rats. Females and male Wistar rats were subjected to repeated maternal separation (incubator at 32 °C, 3 h/day) during postnatal days 1-10. At 60 days of age, the subjects were exposed to a Contextual fear conditioning task. One week after the behavioral task, animals were sacrificed and the amygdala was dissected for evaluation of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase and antioxidant enzymes activities. Student-t test showed significant MS effect, causing an increase of freezing time in the three exposures to the aversive context in both sexes. Considering biochemical parameters Student-t test showed significant MS effect causing an increase of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity in both sexes. On the other hand, no differences were found among the groups on the antioxidant enzymes activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT)] in male rats, but in females, we found a significant MS effect, causing an increase of CAT activity and no differences were found among the groups on SOD and GPx activities. Our results suggest a role of early rearing environment in programming fear learning and memory in adulthood. An early stress experience such as maternal separation may increase activity in the amygdala (as pointed by the increased activity of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase), affecting behaviors related to fear in adulthood, and this effect could be task-specific.
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Alterations on Na+,K+-ATPase and Acetylcholinesterase Activities Induced by Amyloid-β Peptide in Rat Brain and GM1 Ganglioside Neuroprotective Action. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:2342-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1145-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sanches E, Arteni N, Scherer E, Kolling J, Nicola F, Willborn S, Wyse A, Netto C. Are the consequences of neonatal hypoxia–ischemia dependent on animals' sex and brain lateralization? Brain Res 2013; 1507:105-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sahu SS, Madhyastha S, Rao GM. Neuroprotective effect of resveratrol against prenatal stress induced cognitive impairment and possible involvement of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 103:520-5. [PMID: 23044472 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol, an active ingredient of red wine extracts, has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective effects in several experimental models. Hence in the present study, the protective effects of resveratrol on cognitive deficits induced by prenatal stress were evaluated in offspring, and the possible involvement of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase in learning deficits were explored. Pregnant rats were subjected to restraint stress during early or late gestational period. Another set of rats received resveratrol during the entire gestational period along with early or late gestational stress. The study parameters included various behavioral tests like open field test and Morris water maze test. At the end of the behavioral tests (on 40th postnatal day), the offspring were sacrificed, and their brain homogenate was subjected to Na(+), K(+)-ATPase estimation. Early and late gestational stress affected spatial learning and memory and prenatal resveratrol has reversed these cognitive deficits. The Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity in the offspring brain homogenate was reduced in the late gestational stress group; however prenatal resveratrol treatment has not affected this activity. These data suggest the neuroprotective efficacy of resveratrol against prenatal stress induced cognitive impairment. Though late gestational stress involves Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity in rat brain homogenate, this would not be the primary cause in prenatal stress-induced cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Sekhar Sahu
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal University, 575 001 India
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Zhang LN, Sun YJ, Pan S, Li JX, Qu YE, Li Y, Wang YL, Gao ZB. Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase, a potent neuroprotective modulator against Alzheimer disease. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2012; 27:96-103. [PMID: 23033963 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterized by progressive cognitive and memory dysfunction, which is the most common form of dementia. Although the pathogenesis of neuronal injury in AD is not clear, recent evidences suggest that Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase plays an important role in AD, and may be a potent neuroprotective modulator against AD. This review aims to provide readers with an in-depth understanding of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase in AD through these modulations of some factors that are as follows, which leads to the change of learning and memory in the process of AD. 1. The deficiency in Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase α1, α2 and α3 isoform genes induced learning and memory deficits, and α isoform was evidently changed in AD, revealing that Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase α isoform genes may play an important role in AD. 2. Some factors, such as β-amyloid, cholinergic and oxidative stress, can modulate learning and memory in AD through the mondulation of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity. 3. Some substances, such as Zn, s-Ethyl cysteine, s-propyl cysteine, citicoline, rivastigmine, Vit E, memantine, tea polyphenol, curcumin, caffeine, Alpinia galanga (L.) fractions, and Bacopa monnieri could play a role in improving memory performance and exert protective effects against AD by increasing expression or activity of Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Nan Zhang
- Pharmacy Department, College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Exposure to low dose of cinnabar (a naturally occurring mercuric sulfide (HgS)) caused neurotoxicological effects in offspring mice. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:254582. [PMID: 22888198 PMCID: PMC3408718 DOI: 10.1155/2012/254582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnabar, a naturally occurring mercuric sulfide (HgS), has long been used in Chinese mineral medicine for more than 2000 years. Although mercury is well-known for its toxicity, whether cinnabar induces neurotoxicity, especially in infants and children, is unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore the neurotoxic effects of low-dose of cinnabar (10 mg/kg/day) on developing mice. The results revealed neurobehavioral defects in F1-C-Cin group, which were associated with Hg accumulation, increased NO(x) levels in whole blood, and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activities in brain tissues. F1- and F2-Cin-V groups were found to increase brain Hg contents and prominent neurobehavioral defects compared with F1-C-V group, suggesting that the fetal brain was more susceptible to irreversible effects for cinnabar-induced damage. Moreover, F1- and F2-Cin-Cin groups had severely neurobehavioral dysfunctions, closely correlated with the further alteration of NO(x) levels and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activities than F1- and F2-C-Cin groups. Effects in F2-Cin-Cin group were more significant than those in F1-Cin-Cin group. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that exposure to low-dose of cinnabar during the perinatal and developmental stages results in irreversible and severe injuries of the neurotoxicity in offspring, and NO(x) and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activities may exist potential and useful biomarkers for neurotoxicity-induced by low-doses of mercuric compounds.
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Gutierres JM, Carvalho FB, Rosa MM, Schmatz R, Rodrigues M, Vieira JM, Mazzanti CM, Morsch VM, Rubin MA, Schetinger MRC, Spanevello RM. Protective effect of α-Tocopherol on memory deficits and Na+,K+-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase activities in rats with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomag.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Jahagirdar V, McNay EC. Thyroid hormone's role in regulating brain glucose metabolism and potentially modulating hippocampal cognitive processes. Metab Brain Dis 2012; 27:101-11. [PMID: 22437199 PMCID: PMC3348399 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-012-9291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive performance is dependent on adequate glucose supply to the brain. Insulin, which regulates systemic glucose metabolism, has been recently shown both to regulate hippocampal metabolism and to be a mandatory component of hippocampally-mediated cognitive performance. Thyroid hormones (TH) regulate systemic glucose metabolism and may also be involved in regulation of brain glucose metabolism. Here we review potential mechanisms for such regulation. Importantly, TH imbalance is often encountered in combination with metabolic disorders such as diabetes, and may cause additional metabolic dysregulation and hence worsening of disease states. TH's potential as a regulator of brain glucose metabolism is heightened by interactions with insulin signaling, but there have been relatively few studies on this topic or on the actions of TH in a mature brain. This review discusses evidence for mechanistic links between TH, insulin, cognitive function, and brain glucose metabolism, and reaches the conclusion that TH may modulate memory processes, likely at least in part by modulation of central insulin signaling and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Jahagirdar
- Office of Outcomes Assessment and Institutional Research, Excelsior College, Albany, NY 12203, USA.
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34
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Maternal Depression Model: Long-Lasting Effects on the Mother Following Separation from Pups. Neurochem Res 2011; 37:126-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0590-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zhang L, Guo F, Su S, Guo H, Xiong C, Yin J, Li W, Wang Y. Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase inhibition upregulates NMDA-evoked currents in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2011; 26:503-12. [PMID: 21521363 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2011.00947.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in hippocampus play very important roles in the regulation of learning and memory. Here, we showed that dihydroouabain (DHO, 10(-5)-10(-3) M), a Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase inhibitor, significantly potentiated NMDA current in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, which was blocked by PP2 (the selective Src tyrosine kinase inhibitor) and PD-98059 [the selective inhibitor of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) cascade]. These findings reported here uncover that Src mediates the cross-talk between Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and NMDA receptor to transduce the signals from Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase to the MAPK cascade and provide new insights into therapeutic target for deeper understanding of the nature of cognitive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China.
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36
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Khadrawy YA, Nour NA, Aboul Ezz HS. Effect of oxidative stress induced by paradoxical sleep deprivation on the activities of Na+, K+-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase in the cortex and hippocampus of rat. Transl Res 2011; 157:100-7. [PMID: 21256462 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Several studies revealed the importance of paradoxical sleep as a homeostatic mechanism by which the brain can control oxidative stress. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of 72 h of paradoxical sleep deprivation on the oxidative stress markers and its insults on the activities of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase in the cortex and hippocampus of albino rat. Animals were subjected to paradoxical sleep deprivation for 72 h. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed, and catalase activity, levels of reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide were assayed together with the activities of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase in the cortex and hippocampus. The present study revealed a significant increase in lipid peroxidation accompanied by a significant decrease in reduced glutathione in the cortex and hippocampus. Na(+), K(+)-ATPase decreased significantly in both areas. However, acetylcholinesterase showed a significant increase in the investigated brain regions. The present data showed that 72 h of paradoxical sleep deprivation induced oxidative stress in the cortex and hippocampus. It could be suggested that the inhibition of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase and the increased acetylcholinesterase activity may underlie memory impairment, increased brain excitability, and anxiety induced by paradoxical sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser A Khadrawy
- Department of Medical Physiology, Medical Division, National Research Center, Egypt.
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37
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Leite MR, Wilhelm EA, Jesse CR, Brandão R, Nogueira CW. Protective effect of caffeine and a selective A2A receptor antagonist on impairment of memory and oxidative stress of aged rats. Exp Gerontol 2010; 46:309-15. [PMID: 21122814 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2010.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of caffeine (CAF) and SCH58261, a selective A(2A) receptor antagonist, on memory impairment and oxidative stress generated by aging in rats were investigated. Young and aged rats were treated daily per 10 days with CAF (30 mg/kg p.o.) or SCH58261 (0.5mg/kg, p.o.) or vehicle (1 ml/kg p.o.). Rats were trained and tested in a novel object recognition task. After the behavioral test, ascorbic acid and oxygen and nitrogen reactive species levels as well as Na(+)K(+) ATPase activity were determined in rat brain. The results demonstrated that the age-related memory deficit was reversed by treatment with CAF or SCH58261. Treatment with CAF or SCH58261 significantly normalized oxygen and nitrogen reactive species levels increased in brains of aged rats. Na(+)K(+) ATPase activity inhibited in brains of aged rats was also normalized by CAF or SCH58261 treatment. A decrease in basal ascorbic acid levels in brains of aged rats was not changed by CAF or SCH58261. These results demonstrated that CAF and SCH58261, modulators of adenosinergic receptors, were able to reverse age-associated memory impairment and to partially reduce oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon Régis Leite
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Ben J, Soares FMS, Scherer EBS, Cechetti F, Netto CA, Wyse ATS. Running exercise effects on spatial and avoidance tasks in ovariectomized rats. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2010; 94:312-7. [PMID: 20659572 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Since previous studies have shown that ovariectomy impairs memory and cognition, we investigated whether physical exercise would affect ovariectomy-induced memory deficits in inhibitory avoidance and Morris water maze tasks. Female adult Wistar rats were assigned to one of the following groups: sham (submitted to surgery without removal of the ovaries), exercise, ovariectomy (Ovx) and Ovx plus exercise. Thirty days after ovariectomy or sham surgery, animals were submitted to 1 month of treadmill exercise training for 20 min, three times per week. Rats were than tested in inhibitory avoidance and Morris water maze tasks in order to verify ovariectomy effects on aversive and spatial memory performance. Results show that ovariectomized rats were impaired in aversive memory and spatial navigation, both in reference and working memory protocols. Confirming the working hypothesis, ovariectomized rats submitted to exercise had those impairments prevented. These findings support that physical exercise might constitute an important strategy to minimize cognitive deficits found in post-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Ben
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doença Metabólica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
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Matté C, Pereira LO, Dos Santos TM, Mackedanz V, Cunha AA, Netto CA, Wyse ATS. Acute homocysteine administration impairs memory consolidation on inhibitory avoidance task and decreases hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor immunocontent: prevention by folic acid treatment. Neuroscience 2009; 163:1039-45. [PMID: 19619620 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Revised: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we first investigated the effect of single homocysteine administration on consolidation of short- and long-term memories of inhibitory avoidance task in Wistar rats. We also measured brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in the hippocampus and parietal cortex of rats. The influence of pretreatment with folic acid on behavioral and biochemical effects elicited by homocysteine was also studied. Wistar rats were subjected to a folic acid or saline pretreatment from their 22(nd) to 28(th) day of life; 12 h later they were submitted to a single administration of homocysteine or saline. For motor activity and memory evaluation we performed open-field and inhibitory avoidance tasks. Hippocampus and parietal cortex were obtained for brain-derived neurotrophic factor immunocontent determination. Results showed that homocysteine impaired short- and long-term memories and reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in the hippocampus. Pretreatment with folic acid prevented both the memory deficit and the reduction in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor immunocontent induced by homocysteine injection. Further studies are required to determine the entire mechanism by which folic acid acts and its potential therapeutic use for memory impairment prevention in homocystinuric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Matté
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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40
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Stangherlin EC, Rocha JBT, Nogueira CW. Diphenyl ditelluride impairs short-term memory and alters neurochemical parameters in young rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2009; 91:430-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2008.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Revised: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Zugno AI, Pereira LO, Mattos C, Scherer EBS, Netto CA, Wyse ATS. Guanidinoacetate administration increases acetylcholinesterase activity in striatum of rats and impairs retention of an inhibitory avoidance task. Metab Brain Dis 2008; 23:189-98. [PMID: 18437545 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-008-9085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency (GAMT-deficiency) is an inborn error of metabolism biochemically characterized by accumulation of guanidinoacetate (GAA) and depletion of creatine; the pathogenesis of brain dysfunction in this disorder is not yet established. In the present study we investigated the effect of intrastriatal administration of GAA on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and on memory acquisition, consolidation and retrieval of step-down inhibitory avoidance task in rat. Results showed that GAA significantly increased AChE activity in rat striatum 30 min (50%) and 3 h (25%), but not 6 h after drug administration. GAA impaired test session performance when applied 30 min before training or after training, and before testing sessions, i.e., impaired memory acquisition, consolidation and retrieval. When injected with a 6 hour interval, GAA affected only memory retrieval. Although the mechanisms of action of GAA on AChE activity and on memory are unclear, these findings suggest that the accumulation of GAA found in patients with GAMT-deficiency may be one of the mechanisms involved in neural dysfunction. Further studies are necessary to evaluate these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra I Zugno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Concurrent folate treatment prevents Na+,K+‐ATPase activity inhibition and memory impairments caused by chronic hyperhomocysteinemia during rat development. Int J Dev Neurosci 2007; 25:545-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2007.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2007] [Revised: 09/25/2007] [Accepted: 10/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Scuri R, Lombardo P, Cataldo E, Ristori C, Brunelli M. Inhibition of Na+/K+ ATPase potentiates synaptic transmission in tactile sensory neurons of the leech. Eur J Neurosci 2007; 25:159-67. [PMID: 17241277 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.05257.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that modulation of Na(+)/K(+) ATPase activity is involved in forms of neuronal and synaptic plasticity. In tactile (T) neurons of the leech Hirudo medicinalis, Na(+)/K(+) ATPase is the main determinant of the afterhyperpolarization (AHP), which characterizes the firing of these mechanosensory neurons. Previously, it has been reported that cAMP (3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate), which mediates the effects of serotonin (5HT) in some forms of learning in the leech, negatively modulates Na(+)/K(+) ATPase activity, thereby reducing the AHP amplitude in T neurons. Here, we show that a transient inhibition of Na(+)/K(+) ATPase can affect the synaptic connection between two ipsilateral T neurons. Bath application of 10 nm dihydroouabain (DHO), an ouabain analogue, causes an increase in the amplitude of the synaptic potential (SP) recorded in the postsynaptic element when a test stimulus is applied in the presynaptic neuron. Iontophoretic injection of cAMP into the presynaptic T neuron also produces an increase of SP. Simulations carried out by using a computational model of the T neuron suggest that a reduction of the pump rate and a consequent depression of the AHP might facilitate the conduction of action potentials to the synaptic terminals. Moreover, nearly intact leeches injected with 10 nm DHO respond with a swimming episode more quickly to an electrical stimulation, which selectively activates T neurons exhibiting sensitization of swimming induction. Collectively, our results show that inhibition of Na(+)/K(+) ATPase is critical for short-term plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Scuri
- Department of Biology, General Physiology Unit, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno, 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
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Bavaresco CS, Chiarani F, Duringon E, Ferro MM, Cunha CD, Netto CA, Wyse ATDS. Intrastriatal injection of hypoxanthine reduces striatal serotonin content and impairs spatial memory performance in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2007; 22:67-76. [PMID: 17221304 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-006-9038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2006] [Accepted: 10/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intrastriatal injection of hypoxanthine, a metabolite accumulated in Lesch-Nyhan disease, on rats' performance in the Morris water maze tasks, along with the monoamine content in striatum of rats. Male adult Wistar rats were divided in two groups: (1) saline-injected and (2) hypoxanthine-injected group. Seven days after solutions infusion, animals were trained in the Morris Water Maze or were sacrificed for evaluation of the striatal monoamine content. Results show that hypoxanthine administration caused impairment on spatial navigation in the acquisition phase in reference memory task in the Morris Water Maze, as well as in the latency to cross over the platform location in probe trial, when compared to the saline group (control). Hypoxanthine also altered rat performance in the working memory. Although striatal dopamine metabolites content did not change, treated animals showed a reduction of tissue levels of serotonin (5-HT) and 5- hydroxyl-indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). These results show that intra-striatal hypoxanthine administration provoked impairment of spatial learning/memory in rats without affecting striatal dopaminergic system, although serotonergic pathways seem to have been affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren Serra Bavaresco
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Streck EL, Feier G, Búrigo M, Franzon R, Dal-Pizzol F, Quevedo J, Wyse ATS. Effects of electroconvulsive seizures on Na+,K+-ATPase activity in the rat hippocampus. Neurosci Lett 2006; 404:254-7. [PMID: 16797841 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2006] [Revised: 05/23/2006] [Accepted: 06/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although several advances have occurred concerning the use of electroconvulsive therapy, little progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic or side effects. Na(+),K(+)-ATPase is an important enzyme of central nervous system, responsible for ionic gradient maintenance and consumption of approximately 40-50% of brain ATP. This work was performed in order to determine Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity after acute and chronic electroconvulsive shock. Results showed an inhibition of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity in the hippocampus 48 h, 7, 30, 60 and 90 days after a single electroconvulsive shock. Chronic treatment diminished the enzyme activity in the hippocampus 7 and 30 days after electroconvulsive (ECS) sessions. Our findings demonstrated that Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity is altered by ECS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio L Streck
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Experimental, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
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de Vasconcellos APS, Zugno AI, Dos Santos AHDP, Nietto FB, Crema LM, Gonçalves M, Franzon R, de Souza Wyse AT, da Rocha ER, Dalmaz C. Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity is reduced in hippocampus of rats submitted to an experimental model of depression: effect of chronic lithium treatment and possible involvement in learning deficits. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2005; 84:102-10. [PMID: 15961330 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2005.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2005] [Revised: 05/03/2005] [Accepted: 05/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to verify the effects of chronic stress and lithium treatments on the hippocampal Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity of rats, as well as to investigate the effects of stress interruption and post-stress lithium treatment on this enzyme activity and on spatial memory. Two experiments were carried out; in the first experiment, adult male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: control and submitted to a chronic variate stress paradigm, and subdivided into treated or not with LiCl. After 40 days of treatment, rats were killed, and Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity was determined. In the second experiment, rats were stressed during 40 days, and their performance was evaluated in the Water Maze task. The stressed group was then subdivided into four groups, with continued or interrupted stress treatment and treated or not with lithium for 30 additional days. After a second evaluation of performance in the Water Maze, rats were killed and Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity was also measured. Results showed an impairment in Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity and in Water Maze performance of chronically stressed rats, which were prevented by lithium treatment and reversed by lithium treatment and by stress interruption. These results suggest that the modulation of Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity may be one of the mechanisms of action of lithium in the treatment of mood disorders.
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Wu ZQ, Li M, Chen J, Chi ZQ, Liu JG. Involvement of cAMP/cAMP-dependent protein kinase signaling pathway in regulation of Na+,K+-ATPase upon activation of opioid receptors by morphine. Mol Pharmacol 2005; 69:866-76. [PMID: 16317112 DOI: 10.1124/mol.105.016501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The depolarization of neurons induced by impairment of Na+,K+-ATPase activity after long-term opiate treatment has been shown to involve the development of opioid dependence. However, the mechanisms underlying changes in Na+,K+-ATPase activity after opioid treatment are unclear. The best-established molecular adaptation to long-term opioid exposure is up-regulation of the cAMP/cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) signaling pathway; this study, therefore, was undertaken to investigate the role of up-regulation of cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in alteration of the mouse hippocampal Na+,K+-ATPase activity. The results demonstrated that short-term morphine treatment dose dependently stimulated Na+,K+-ATPase activity. This action could be significantly suppressed by adenylyl cyclase activator 7beta-acetoxy-8,13-epoxy-1alpha,6beta,9alpha-trihydroxylabd-14-en-11-one (forskolin), or the cAMP analog dibutyryl-cAMP. Contrary to short-term morphine treatment, long-term treatment significantly inhibited Na+,K+-ATPase activity. Moreover, an additional decrease in Na+,K+-ATPase activity was observed by naloxone precipitation. The effects of both short- and long-term morphine treatment on Na+,K+-ATPase activity were naltrexone-reversible. The regulation of Na+,K+-ATPase activity by morphine was inversely correlated with intracellular cAMP accumulation. N-[2-(4-Bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinoline (H89), a specific PKA inhibitor, mimicked the stimulatory effect of short-term morphine but antagonized the inhibitory effect of long-term morphine treatment on Na+,K+-ATPase activity. However, okadaic acid, a protein phosphatase inhibitor, suppressed short-term morphine stimulation but potentiated long-term morphine inhibition of Na+,K+-ATPase activity. The regulation of Na+,K+-ATPase activity by morphine treatment seemed to associate with the alteration in phosphorylation level but not to be relevant to the change in abundance of Na+,K+-ATPase. These findings strongly demonstrate that cAMP/PKA signaling pathway involves regulation of Na+,K+-ATPase activity after activation of opioid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Qiu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.555 Zuchongzhi Rd., Shanghai 201203, China
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Tsitolovsky LE. Protection from neuronal damage evoked by a motivational excitation is a driving force of intentional actions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 49:566-94. [PMID: 16269320 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2005.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2004] [Revised: 12/16/2004] [Accepted: 02/25/2005] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Motivation may be understood as an organism's subjective attitude to its current physiological state, which somehow modulates generation of actions until the organism attains an optimal state. How does this subjective attitude arise and how does it modulate generation of actions? Diverse lines of evidence suggest that elemental motivational states (hunger, thirst, fear, drug-dependence, etc.) arise as the result of metabolic disturbances and are related to transient injury, while rewards (food, water, avoidance, drugs, etc.) are associated with the recovery of specific neurons. Just as motivation and the very life of an organism depend on homeostasis, i.e., maintenance of optimum performance, so a neuron's behavior depends on neuronal (i.e., ion) homeostasis. During motivational excitation, the conventional properties of a neuron, such as maintenance of membrane potential and spike generation, are disturbed. Instrumental actions may originate as a consequence of the compensational recovery of neuronal excitability after the excitotoxic damage induced by a motivation. When the extent of neuronal actions is proportional to a metabolic disturbance, the neuron theoretically may choose a beneficial behavior even, if at each instant, it acts by chance. Homeostasis supposedly may be directed to anticipating compensation of the factors that lead to a disturbance of the homeostasis and, as a result, participates in the plasticity of motivational behavior. Following this line of thought, I suggest that voluntary actions arise from the interaction between endogenous compensational mechanisms and excitotoxic damage of specific neurons, and thus anticipate the exogenous compensation evoked by a reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev E Tsitolovsky
- Department of Life Science, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.
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