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Aulinas A, Muhammed M, Becker KR, Asanza E, Hauser K, Stern C, Gydus J, Holmes T, Murray HB, Breithaupt L, Micali N, Misra M, Eddy KT, Thomas JJ, Lawson EA. Oxytocin response to food intake in avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. Eur J Endocrinol 2023; 189:149-155. [PMID: 37474111 PMCID: PMC10396082 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvad087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the response of anorexigenic oxytocin to food intake among adolescents and young adults with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), a restrictive eating disorder characterized by lack of interest in food or eating, sensory sensitivity to food, and/or fear of aversive consequences of eating, compared with healthy controls (HC). DESIGN Cross-sectional. METHODS A total of 109 participants (54 with ARFID spectrum and 55 HC) were instructed to eat a ∼400-kcal standardized mixed meal. We sampled serum oxytocin at fasting and at 30-, 60-, and 120-min postmeal. We tested the hypothesis that ARFID would show higher mean oxytocin levels across time points compared with HC using a mixed model ANOVA. We then used multivariate regression analysis to identify the impact of clinical characteristics (sex, age, and body mass index [BMI] percentile) on oxytocin levels in individuals with ARFID. RESULTS Participants with ARFID exhibited greater mean oxytocin levels at all time points compared with HC, and these differences remained significant even after controlling for sex and BMI percentile (P = .004). Clinical variables (sex, age, and BMI percentile) did not show any impact on fasting and postprandial oxytocin levels among individuals with ARFID. CONCLUSIONS Consistently high oxytocin levels might be involved in low appetite and sensory aversions to food, contributing to food avoidance in individuals with ARFID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aulinas
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER Unidad 747), ISCIII, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Vic—Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maged Muhammed
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 02114 Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kendra R Becker
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 02115 Boston, MA, United States
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 02114 Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elisa Asanza
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 02114 Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kristine Hauser
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 02114 Boston, MA, United States
| | - Casey Stern
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 02114 Boston, MA, United States
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 02114 Boston, MA, United States
| | - Julia Gydus
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 02114 Boston, MA, United States
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 02114 Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tara Holmes
- Translational and Clinical Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 02114 Boston, MA, United States
| | - Helen Burton Murray
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 02115 Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Neurointestinal Health, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 02114 Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lauren Breithaupt
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 02115 Boston, MA, United States
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 02114 Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nadia Micali
- Eating Disorders Research Unit, Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Psychiatric Centre Ballerup, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark
- Population, Policy and Practice, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, WC1N 1EH, London, United Kingdom
| | - Madhusmita Misra
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 02114 Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 02115 Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 02114 Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kamryn T Eddy
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 02115 Boston, MA, United States
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 02114 Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jennifer J Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 02115 Boston, MA, United States
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 02114 Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Lawson
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 02114 Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 02115 Boston, MA, United States
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Saygı Bacanak M, Aydın B, Cabadak H, Nurten A, Gören MZ, Enginar N. Contribution of M 1 and M 2 muscarinic receptor subtypes to convulsions in fasted mice treated with scopolamine and given food. Behav Brain Res 2019; 364:423-430. [PMID: 29158113 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of fasted mice and rats with the nonselective muscarinic antagonist, scopolamine or atropine, causes convulsions after food intake. This study evaluated the effect of fasting on the expression of M1 and M2 muscarinic receptors in the brain regions, the relationship between receptor expression and seizure stages, and the muscarinic receptor subtype which plays a role in the occurrence of convulsions. Mice were grouped as allowed to eat ad lib (fed) and deprived of food for 24h (fasted). Fasted animals developed convulsions after being treated with scopolamine (60%) or the selective M1 receptor antagonist pirenzepine (10mg/kg; 20% and 60mg/kg; 70%) and given food. Fasting increased expression of M1 receptors in the frontal cortex and M2 receptors in the hippocampus, but produced no change in the expression of both receptors in the amygdaloid complex. Food intake after fasting decreased M1 receptor expression in the frontal cortex and M1 and M2 receptor expression in the hippocampus. Seizure severity was uncorrelated with muscarinic receptor expression in the brain regions. Taken together, these findings provide evidence for the role of M1 muscarinic receptor antagonism and fasting-induced increases in M1 and M2 expression possible underlying mechanism in the occurrence of convulsions in fasted animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Saygı Bacanak
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - Banu Aydın
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Turkey
| | - Hülya Cabadak
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Turkey
| | - Asiye Nurten
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Zafer Gören
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Marmara University Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Enginar
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey.
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Gene Network Analysis in Amygdala following Taste Aversion Learning in Rats. NEUROSCIENCE JOURNAL 2013; 2013:739764. [PMID: 26317099 PMCID: PMC4437262 DOI: 10.1155/2013/739764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) is an adaptive behavior that benefits survival of animals including humans and also serves as a powerful model to study the neural mechanisms of learning. Memory formation is a necessary component of CTA learning and involves neural processing and regulation of gene expression in the amygdala. Many studies have been focused on the identification of intracellular signaling cascades involved in CTA, but not late responsive genes underlying the long-lasting behavioral plasticity. In this study, we explored in silico experiments to identify persistent changes in gene expression associated with CTA in rats. We used oligonucleotide microarrays to identify 248 genes in the amygdala regulated by CTA. Pathway Studio and IPA software analyses showed that the differentially expressed genes in the amygdala fall in diverse functional categories such as behavior, psychological disorders, nervous system development and function, and cell-to-cell signaling. Conditioned taste aversion is a complex behavioral trait which involves association of visceral and taste inputs, consolidation of taste and visceral information, memory formation, retrieval of stored information, and extinction phase. In silico analysis of differentially expressed genes is therefore necessary to manipulate specific phase/stage of CTA to understand the molecular insight.
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