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Ning H, Wang K, Zhang Q, Guo L, Wang S, Yang L, Gong Y. Influence of terahertz waves on the binding of choline to choline acetyltransferase: insights from molecular dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024. [PMID: 39140173 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02436b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Acetylcholine (Ach) is a common neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). It is one of the neurotransmitters in the autonomic nervous system and the main neurotransmitter in all autonomic ganglia. Experiments have confirmed that electromagnetic waves can affect the synthesis of animal neurotransmitters, but the microscopic effects of electromagnetic waves in the terahertz (THz) frequency band are still unclear. Based on density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation methods, this paper studies the effect of THz electromagnetic waves on the binding of choline to choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). By emitting THz waves that resonate with the characteristic vibration mode of choline near the active site, it was found that THz waves with a frequency of 45.3 THz affected the binding of choline to ChAT, especially the binding of the active site histidine His324 to choline. The main evidence is that under the action of THz waves, the binding free energy of choline to histidine His324 and ChAT at the active site was significantly reduced compared to noE, which may have a potential impact on the enzymatic synthesis of Ach. It is expected to achieve the purpose of regulating the synthesis of the neurotransmitter Ach under the action of THz waves and treat certain nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ning
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China.
| | - Kaicheng Wang
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China.
| | - Qin Zhang
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China.
| | - Lianghao Guo
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China.
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China.
| | - Lixia Yang
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China.
| | - Yubin Gong
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China.
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2
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Jiang S, Ma Y, Shi Y, Zou Y, Yang Z, Zhi W, Zhao Z, Shen W, Chen L, Wu Y, Wang L, Hu X, Wu H. Acute exposure of microwave impairs attention process by activating microglial inflammation. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:2. [PMID: 38178181 PMCID: PMC10768366 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01162-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention provides the foundation for cognitions, which was shown to be affected by microwave (MW) radiation. With the ubiquitous of microwaves, public concerns regarding the impact of MW radiation on attention has hence been increased. Our study aims to investigate the potential effect and mechanism of acute microwave exposure on attention. RESULTS We identified obvious impairment of attention in mice by the five-choice serial reaction time (5-CSRT) task. Proteomic analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed neuroinflammation and microglial activation potentially due to acute MW exposure. Moreover, biochemical analysis further confirmed microglial activation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of mice subjected to acute MW exposure. Finally, minocycline, a commercially available anti-inflammatory compound, attenuated neuroinflammation, inhibited the upregulation of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) including NR2A and NR2B, and also accelerated the attentional recovery after MW exposure. CONCLUSIONS We believe that microglial activation and NMDAR upregulation likely contribute to inattention induced by acute MW exposure, and we found that minocycline may be effective in preventing such process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofei Jiang
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yingping Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zou
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenqi Yang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weijia Zhi
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiangjun Hu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Haitao Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.
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3
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Men J, Zhang L, Peng R, Li Y, Li M, Wang H, Zhao L, Zhang J, Wang H, Xu X, Dong J, Wang J, Yao B, Guo J. Metformin Ameliorates 2.856 GHz Microwave- Radiation-Induced Reproductive Impairments in Male Rats via Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12250. [PMID: 37569626 PMCID: PMC10418945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The reproductive system has been increasingly implicated as a sensitive target of microwave radiation. Oxidative stress plays a critical role in microwave radiation -induced reproductive damage, though precise mechanisms are obscure. Metformin, a widely used antidiabetic drug, has emerged as an efficient antioxidant against a variety of oxidative injuries. In the present study, we hypothesized that metformin can function as an antioxidant and protect the reproductive system from microwave radiation. To test this hypothesis, rats were exposed to 2.856 GHz microwave radiation for 6 weeks to simulate real-life exposure to high-frequency microwave radiation. Our results showed that exposure to 2.856 GHz microwave radiation elicited serum hormone disorder, decreased sperm motility, and depleted sperm energy, and it induced abnormalities of testicular structure as well as mitochondrial impairment. Metformin was found to effectively protect the reproductive system against structural and functional impairments caused by microwave radiation. In particular, metformin can ameliorate microwave-radiation-induced oxidative injury and mitigate apoptosis in the testis, as determined by glutathione/-oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), lipid peroxidation, and protein expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). These findings demonstrated that exposure to 2.856 GHz microwave radiation induces obvious structural and functional impairments of the male reproductive system, and suggested that metformin can function as a promising antioxidant to inhibit microwave-radiation-induced harmful effects by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Men
- PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100071, China; (J.M.); (L.Z.)
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; (R.P.); (Y.L.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.W.); (X.X.); (J.D.); (J.W.)
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Li Zhang
- PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100071, China; (J.M.); (L.Z.)
| | - Ruiyun Peng
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; (R.P.); (Y.L.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.W.); (X.X.); (J.D.); (J.W.)
| | - Yanyang Li
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; (R.P.); (Y.L.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.W.); (X.X.); (J.D.); (J.W.)
| | - Meng Li
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; (R.P.); (Y.L.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.W.); (X.X.); (J.D.); (J.W.)
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; (R.P.); (Y.L.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.W.); (X.X.); (J.D.); (J.W.)
| | - Li Zhao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; (R.P.); (Y.L.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.W.); (X.X.); (J.D.); (J.W.)
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; (R.P.); (Y.L.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.W.); (X.X.); (J.D.); (J.W.)
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; (R.P.); (Y.L.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.W.); (X.X.); (J.D.); (J.W.)
| | - Xinping Xu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; (R.P.); (Y.L.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.W.); (X.X.); (J.D.); (J.W.)
| | - Ji Dong
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; (R.P.); (Y.L.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.W.); (X.X.); (J.D.); (J.W.)
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; (R.P.); (Y.L.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.W.); (X.X.); (J.D.); (J.W.)
| | - Binwei Yao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; (R.P.); (Y.L.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.); (H.W.); (X.X.); (J.D.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiabin Guo
- PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100071, China; (J.M.); (L.Z.)
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
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Lai Y, Wang H, Xu X, Dong J, Song Y, Zhao H, Wu Y, Zhao L, Wang H, Zhang J, Yao B, Zou Y, Zhou H, Peng R. Hippocampal ferroptosis is involved in learning and memory impairment in rats induced by microwave and electromagnetic pulse combined exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:83717-83727. [PMID: 37349489 PMCID: PMC10359380 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Microwave (MW) and electromagnetic pulse (EMP) are considered environmental pollutants, both of which can induce learning and memory impairments. However, the bioeffects of combined exposure to MW and EMP have never been explored. This paper aimed to investigate the effects of combined exposure to MW and EMP on the learning and memory of rats as well as its association with ferroptosis in the hippocampus. In this study, rats were exposed to EMP, MW, or EMP and MW combined radiation. After exposure, impairment of learning and memory, alterations in brain electrophysiological activity, and damage to hippocampal neurons were observed in rats. Moreover, we also found alterations in ferroptosis hallmarks, including increased levels of iron, lipid peroxidation, and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) mRNA, as well as downregulation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) protein in the rat hippocampus after exposure. Our results suggested that either single or combined exposure to MW and EMP radiation could impair learning and memory and damage hippocampal neurons in rats. Moreover, the adverse effects caused by the combined exposure were more severe than the single exposures, which might be due to cumulative effects rather than synergistic effects. Furthermore, ferroptosis in the hippocampus might be a common underlying mechanism of learning and memory impairment induced by both single and combined MW and EMP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Lai
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xinping Xu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ji Dong
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yiwei Song
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Haixia Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - You Wu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Binwei Yao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yong Zou
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ruiyun Peng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
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5
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Wang H, Zhao H, Li C, Dong J, Zhao J, Yue H, Lai Y, Zhao L, Wang H, Zhang J, Xu X, Yao B, Zhou H, Nie B, Du X, Peng R. Disrupted Topological Organization of Brain Network in Rats with Spatial Memory Impairments Induced by Acute Microwave Radiation. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1006. [PMID: 37508937 PMCID: PMC10377161 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that microwave (MW) radiation with certain parameters can induce spatial memory deficits. However, the effect of MW on the topological organization of the brain network is still unknown. This work aimed to investigate the topological organization of the brain network in rats with spatial memory impairments induced by acute microwave (MW) radiation. The Morris water maze (MWM) test and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging were performed to estimate the spatial memory ability and brain network topological organization of the rats after MW exposure. Compared with the sham group, the rats exposed to 30 mW/cm2 1.5 GHz MW radiation exhibited a significantly decreased normalized clustering coefficient (γ) (p = 0.002) 1 d after the exposure and a prolonged average escape latency (AEL) (p = 0.014) 3 d after the exposure. Moreover, after 10 mW/cm2 1.5 GHz MW radiation, a significantly decreased γ (p = 0.003) was also observed in the rats, without any changes in AEL. In contrast, no adverse effects on AEL or topological parameters were observed after 9.375 GHz MW radiation. In conclusion, the rats with spatial memory deficits induced by MW radiation exhibited disruptions in the topological organization of the brain network. Moreover, these topological organization disruptions emerged earlier than behavioral symptom onset and could even be found in the rats without a decline in the performance of the spatial memory task. Therefore, it is possible to use the topological parameters of the brain network as early and sensitive indicators of the spatial memory impairments induced by acute MW radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Haixia Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
- College of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Chunfang Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ji Dong
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jianghao Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hanlin Yue
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yunfei Lai
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xinping Xu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Binwei Yao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Binbin Nie
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiumin Du
- College of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Ruiyun Peng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
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6
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Wang H, Liu Y, Sun Y, Dong J, Xu X, Wang H, Zhao X, Zhang J, Yao B, Zhao L, Liu S, Peng R. Changes in cognitive function, synaptic structure and protein expression after long-term exposure to 2.856 and 9.375 GHz microwaves. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:34. [PMID: 36782203 PMCID: PMC9926547 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-01011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Health hazards from long-term exposure to microwaves, especially the potential for changes in cognitive function, are attracting increasing attention. The purpose of this study was to explore changes in spatial learning and memory and synaptic structure and to identify differentially expressed proteins in hippocampal and serum exosomes after long-term exposure to 2.856 and 9.375 GHz microwaves. The spatial reference learning and memory abilities and the structure of the DG area were impaired after long-term exposure to 2.856 and 9.375 GHz microwaves. We also found a decrease in SNARE-associated protein Snapin and an increase in charged multivesicular body protein 3 in the hippocampus, indicating that synaptic vesicle recycling was inhibited and consistent with the large increase in presynaptic vesicles. Moreover, we investigated changes in serum exosomes after 2.856 and 9.375 GHz microwave exposure. The results showed that long-term 2.856 GHz microwave exposure could induce a decrease in calcineurin subunit B type 1 and cytochrome b-245 heavy chain in serum exosomes. While the 9.375 GHz long-term microwave exposure induced a decrease in proteins (synaptophysin-like 1, ankyrin repeat and rabankyrin-5, protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit alpha and sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 1) in serum exosomes. In summary, long-term microwave exposure could lead to different degrees of spatial learning and memory impairment, EEG disturbance, structural damage to the hippocampus, and differential expression of hippocampal tissue and serum exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Yu Liu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Yunbo Sun
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Ji Dong
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Xinping Xu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Xuelong Zhao
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Jing Zhang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Binwei Yao
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Li Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Shuchen Liu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Ruiyun Peng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Xenodochidis C, Staneva D, Vasileva B, Draganova M, Miloshev G, Georgieva M, Zagorchev P. The Photobiomodulation of MAO-A Affects the Contractile Activity of Smooth Muscle Gastric Tissues. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010032. [PMID: 36671417 PMCID: PMC9855794 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the utilized electromagnetic radiation (ER) in modalities such as photobiomodulation (PBM) finds broader applications in medical practice due to the promising results suggested by numerous reports. To date, the published data do not allow for the in-depth elucidation of the molecular mechanisms through which ER impacts the human organism. Furthermore, there is a total lack of evidence justifying the relation between the enzymatic activity of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and the effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on the spontaneous contractile activity of smooth muscle gastric tissues exposed to various light sources. We found that exposure of these tissues to lamps, emitting light with wavelengths of 254 nm and 350 nm, lasers, emitting light with 532 nm and 808 nm, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with ER at a wavelength of 660 nm, increased the 5-HT effect on the contractility. On the other hand, LEDs at 365 nm and 470 nm reduced it. The analysis of MAO-A enzymatic activity after exposure to the employed light emitters endorsed these findings. Furthermore, MAOA gene expression studies confirmed the possibility of its optogenetic regulation. Therefore, we concluded that the utilized emitters could alternate the functions of significant neuromediators by modulating the activity and gene transcription levels of enzymes that degrade them. Our investigations will help to disclose the selective conditions upon which PBM can effectively treat gastrointestinal and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charilaos Xenodochidis
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology “Acad. Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dessislava Staneva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology “Acad. Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Bela Vasileva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology “Acad. Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Draganova
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Medical University-Plovdiv, 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - George Miloshev
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology “Acad. Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Georgieva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology “Acad. Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +359-896-833-604
| | - Plamen Zagorchev
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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8
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Effect of radiofrequency exposure on body temperature: Real-time monitoring in normal rats. J Therm Biol 2022; 110:103350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Wang H, Liu Y, Sun Y, Zhao L, Dong J, Xu X, Wang H, Zhang J, Yao B, Zhao X, Liu S, Zhang K, Peng R. Changes in rat spatial learning and memory as well as serum exosome proteins after simultaneous exposure to 1.5 GHz and 4.3 GHz microwaves. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 243:113983. [PMID: 35985199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the effects and biological targets sensitive to simultaneous 1.5 and 4.3 GHz microwave exposure in rats. A total of 120 male Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups: the sham (S group), 1.5 GHz microwave exposure (L group), 4.3 GHz microwave exposure (C group) and simultaneous 1.5 and 4.3 GHz microwave exposure (LC group) groups. Spatial learning and memory, cortical electrical activity, and hippocampal ultrastructure were assessed by the Morris Water Maze, electroencephalography, and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Additionally, serum exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation and assessed by Western blotting, nanoparticle tracking and transmission electron microscopy. The serum exosome protein content was assessed by label-free quantitative proteomics. Impaired spatial learning and memory decreased cortical excitability, and damage to the hippocampal ultrastructure were observed in groups exposed to microwaves, especially the L and LC groups. A total of 54, 145 and 296 exosomal proteins were differentially expressed between the S group and the L, C and LC groups, respectively. These differentially expressed proteins were involved in the synaptic vesicle cycle and SNARE interactions during vesicular transport. Additionally, VAMP8, Syn7 and VMAT are potential serum markers of simultaneous microwave exposure. Thus, exposure to 1.5 and 4.3 GHz microwaves induced impairments in spatial learning and memory, and simultaneous microwave exposure had the most severe effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; College of Education, Hebei University, No. 180 of Wusi East Road, Baoding, China
| | - Yunbo Sun
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ji Dong
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xinping Xu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Binwei Yao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xuelong Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shuchen Liu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Ke Zhang
- College of Education, Hebei University, No. 180 of Wusi East Road, Baoding, China.
| | - Ruiyun Peng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
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10
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Echchgadda I, Cantu JC, Tolstykh GP, Butterworth JW, Payne JA, Ibey BL. Changes in the excitability of primary hippocampal neurons following exposure to 3.0 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3506. [PMID: 35241689 PMCID: PMC8894459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposures to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs, 100 kHz to 6 GHz) have been associated with both positive and negative effects on cognitive behavior. To elucidate the mechanism of RF-EMF interaction, a few studies have examined its impact on neuronal activity and synaptic plasticity. However, there is still a need for additional basic research that further our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of RF-EMFs on the neuronal system. The present study investigated changes in neuronal activity and synaptic transmission following a 60-min exposure to 3.0 GHz RF-EMF at a low dose (specific absorption rate (SAR) < 1 W/kg). We showed that RF-EMF exposure decreased the amplitude of action potential (AP), depolarized neuronal resting membrane potential (MP), and increased neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission in cultured primary hippocampal neurons (PHNs). The results show that RF-EMF exposure can alter neuronal activity and highlight that more investigations should be performed to fully explore the RF-EMF effects and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtissam Echchgadda
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711Th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Bioeffects Division, Radio Frequency Bioeffects Branch, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, 4141 Petroleum Road, San Antonio, TX, 78234, USA.
| | - Jody C Cantu
- General Dynamics Information Technology, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, 4141 Petroleum Road, San Antonio, TX, 78234, USA
| | - Gleb P Tolstykh
- General Dynamics Information Technology, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, 4141 Petroleum Road, San Antonio, TX, 78234, USA
| | - Joseph W Butterworth
- General Dynamics Information Technology, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, 4141 Petroleum Road, San Antonio, TX, 78234, USA
| | - Jason A Payne
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711Th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Bioeffects Division, Radio Frequency Bioeffects Branch, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, 4141 Petroleum Road, San Antonio, TX, 78234, USA
| | - Bennett L Ibey
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711Th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Bioeffects Division, Radio Frequency Bioeffects Branch, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, 4141 Petroleum Road, San Antonio, TX, 78234, USA
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11
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Li H, Gao Y, Zou Y, Qiao S, Zhi W, Ma L, Xu X, Zhao X, Zhang J, Wang L, Hu X. Associations Between a Polymorphism in the Rat 5-HT1A Receptor Gene Promoter Region (rs198585630) and Cognitive Alterations Induced by Microwave Exposure. Front Public Health 2022; 10:802386. [PMID: 35252088 PMCID: PMC8891156 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.802386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The nervous system is a sensitive target of electromagnetic radiation (EMR). Chronic microwave exposure can induce cognitive deficits, and 5-HT system is involved in this effect. Genetic polymorphisms lead to individual differences. In this study, we evaluated whether the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs198585630 of 5-HT1A receptor is associated with cognitive alterations in rats after microwave exposure with a frequency of 2.856 GHz and an average power density of 30 mW/cm2. Rats were exposed to microwaves for 6 min three times a week for up to 6 weeks. PC12 cells and 293T cells were exposed to microwaves for 5 min up to 3 times at 2 intervals of 5 min. Transcriptional activity of 5-HT1A receptor promoter containing rs198585630 C/T allele was determined in vitro. Electroencephalograms (EEGs), spatial learning and memory, and mRNA and protein expression of 5-HT1A receptor were evaluated in vivo. We demonstrated that transcriptional activity of 5-HT1A receptor promoter containing rs198585630 C allele was higher than that of 5-HT1A receptor promoter containing T allele. The transcriptional activity of 5-HT1A receptor promoter was stimulated by 30 mW/cm2 microwave exposure, and rs198585630 C allele was more sensitive to microwave exposure, as it showed stronger transcriptional activation. Rats carrying rs198585630 C allele exhibited increased mRNA and protein expression of 5-HT1A receptor and were more susceptible to 30 mW/cm2 microwave exposure, showing cognitive deficits and inhibition of brain electrical activity. These findings suggest SNP rs198585630 of the 5-HT1A receptor is an important target for further research exploring the mechanisms of hypersensitivity to microwave exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijuan Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Urology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zou
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Simo Qiao
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Weijia Zhi
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lizhen Ma
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinping Xu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelong Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Jingxi Medical District of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lifeng Wang
| | - Xiangjun Hu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
- Xiangjun Hu
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12
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Zhi WJ, Qiao SM, Zou Y, Peng RY, Yan HT, Ma LZ, Dong J, Zhao L, Yao BW, Zhao XL, Feng XX, Hu XJ, Wang LF. Low p-SYN1 (Ser-553) Expression Leads to Abnormal Neurotransmitter Release of GABA Induced by Up-Regulated Cdk5 after Microwave Exposure: Insights on Protection and Treatment of Microwave-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 44:206-221. [PMID: 35723394 PMCID: PMC8929049 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With the wide application of microwave technology, concerns about its health impact have arisen. The signal transmission mode of the central nervous system and neurons make it particularly sensitive to electromagnetic exposure. It has been reported that abnormal release of amino acid neurotransmitters is mediated by alteration of p-SYN1 after microwave exposure, which results in cognitive dysfunction. As the phosphorylation of SYN1 is regulated by different kinases, in this study we explored the regulatory mechanisms of SYN1 fluctuations following microwave exposure and its subsequent effect on GABA release, aiming to provide clues on the mechanism of cognitive impairment caused by microwave exposure. In vivo studies with Timm and H&E staining were adopted and the results showed abnormality in synapse formation and neuronal structure, explaining the previously-described deficiency in cognitive ability caused by microwave exposure. The observed alterations in SYN1 level, combined with the results of earlier studies, indicate that SYN1 and its phosphorylation status (ser-553 and ser62/67) may play a role in the abnormal release of neurotransmitters. Thus, the role of Cdk5, the upstream kinase regulating the formation of p-SYN1 (ser-553), as well as that of MEK, the regulator of p-SYN1 (ser-62/67), were investigated both in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that Cdk5 was a negative regulator of p-SYN1 (ser-553) and that its up-regulation caused a decrease in GABA release by reducing p-SYN1 (ser-553). While further exploration still needed to elaborate the role of p-SYN1 (ser-62/67) for neurotransmitter release, MEK inhibition had was no impact on p-Erk or p-SYN1 (ser-62/67) after microwave exposure. In conclusion, the decrease of p-SYN1 (ser-553) may result in abnormalities in vesicular anchoring and GABA release, which is caused by increased Cdk5 regulated through Calpain-p25 pathway after 30 mW/cm2 microwave exposure. This study provided a potential new strategy for the prevention and treatment of microwave-induced cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jia Zhi
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China; (W.-J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.-Y.P.); (L.-Z.M.); (J.D.); (L.Z.); (B.-W.Y.); (X.-L.Z.)
| | - Si-Mo Qiao
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China; (S.-M.Q.); (H.-T.Y.)
| | - Yong Zou
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China; (W.-J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.-Y.P.); (L.-Z.M.); (J.D.); (L.Z.); (B.-W.Y.); (X.-L.Z.)
| | - Rui-Yun Peng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China; (W.-J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.-Y.P.); (L.-Z.M.); (J.D.); (L.Z.); (B.-W.Y.); (X.-L.Z.)
| | - Hai-Tao Yan
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China; (S.-M.Q.); (H.-T.Y.)
| | - Li-Zhen Ma
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China; (W.-J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.-Y.P.); (L.-Z.M.); (J.D.); (L.Z.); (B.-W.Y.); (X.-L.Z.)
| | - Ji Dong
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China; (W.-J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.-Y.P.); (L.-Z.M.); (J.D.); (L.Z.); (B.-W.Y.); (X.-L.Z.)
| | - Li Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China; (W.-J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.-Y.P.); (L.-Z.M.); (J.D.); (L.Z.); (B.-W.Y.); (X.-L.Z.)
| | - Bin-Wei Yao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China; (W.-J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.-Y.P.); (L.-Z.M.); (J.D.); (L.Z.); (B.-W.Y.); (X.-L.Z.)
| | - Xue-Long Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China; (W.-J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.-Y.P.); (L.-Z.M.); (J.D.); (L.Z.); (B.-W.Y.); (X.-L.Z.)
| | - Xin-Xing Feng
- Endocrine and Cardiovascular Center, Cardiovascular Institute and Fuwai Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China;
| | - Xiang-Jun Hu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China; (W.-J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.-Y.P.); (L.-Z.M.); (J.D.); (L.Z.); (B.-W.Y.); (X.-L.Z.)
- Correspondence: (X.-J.H.); (L.-F.W.)
| | - Li-Feng Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China; (W.-J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.-Y.P.); (L.-Z.M.); (J.D.); (L.Z.); (B.-W.Y.); (X.-L.Z.)
- Correspondence: (X.-J.H.); (L.-F.W.)
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13
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Effects of Long-Term Exposure to L-Band High-Power Microwave on the Brain Function of Male Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:2237370. [PMID: 34527734 PMCID: PMC8437633 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2237370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the impact of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure on the nervous system is an increasingly arousing public concern. The present study was designed to explore the effects of continuous long-term exposure to L-band high-power microwave (L-HPM) on brain function and related mechanisms. Forty-eight male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were exposed to L-HPM at various power densities (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 W/m2) and the brain function was examined at different time periods after exposure. The morphology of the brain was examined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Furthermore, cholinergic markers, oxidative stress markers, and the expression of c-fos were evaluated to identify a “potential” mechanism. The results showed that exposure to L-HPM at 1.5 W/m2 can cause generalized injuries in the hippocampus (CA1 and CA3) and cerebral cortex (the first somatosensory cortex) of mice, including cell apoptosis, cholinergic dysfunction, and oxidative damage. Moreover, the deleterious effects were closely related to the power density and exposure time, indicating that long-term and high-power density exposure may be detrimental to the nervous system.
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14
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Hu C, Zuo H, Li Y. Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation on Neurotransmitters in the Brain. Front Public Health 2021; 9:691880. [PMID: 34485223 PMCID: PMC8415840 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.691880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of electronic information in the past 30 years, technical achievements based on electromagnetism have been widely used in various fields pertaining to human production and life. Consequently, electromagnetic radiation (EMR) has become a substantial new pollution source in modern civilization. The biological effects of EMR have attracted considerable attention worldwide. The possible interaction of EMR with human organs, especially the brain, is currently where the most attention is focused. Many studies have shown that the nervous system is an important target organ system sensitive to EMR. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have focused on the neurobiological effects of EMR, including the metabolism and transport of neurotransmitters. As messengers of synaptic transmission, neurotransmitters play critical roles in cognitive and emotional behavior. Here, the effects of EMR on the metabolism and receptors of neurotransmitters in the brain are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Hu
- Anhui Medical University, Academy of Life Sciences, Hefei, China.,Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Zuo
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Anhui Medical University, Academy of Life Sciences, Hefei, China.,Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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15
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Tan S, Wang H, Xu X, Zhao L, Zhang J, Dong J, Yao B, Wang H, Hao Y, Zhou H, Gao Y, Peng R. Acute effects of 2.856 GHz and 1.5 GHz microwaves on spatial memory abilities and CREB-related pathways. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12348. [PMID: 34117282 PMCID: PMC8196025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the acute effects of 2.856 GHz and 1.5 GHz microwaves on spatial memory and cAMP response element binding (CREB)-related pathways. A total of 120 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: a control group (C); 2.856 GHz microwave exposure group (S group); 1.5 GHz microwave exposure group (L group); and 2.856 and 1.5 GHz cumulative exposure group (SL group). Decreases in spatial memory abilities, changes in EEG, structural injuries, and the downregulation of phosphorylated-Ak strain transforming (p-AKT), phosphorylated-calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (p-CaMKII), phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase (p-ERK) and p-CREB was observed 6 h after microwave exposure. Significant differences in the expression of p-CaMKII were found between the S and L groups. The power amplitudes of the EEG waves (θ, δ), levels of structural injuries and the expression of p-AKT, p-CaMK II, p-CREB, and p-ERK1/2 were significantly different in the S and L groups compared to the SL group. Interaction effects between the 2.856 and 1.5 GHz microwaves were found in the EEG and p-CREB changes. Our findings indicated that 2.856 GHz and 1.5 GHz microwave exposure induced a decline in spatial memory, which might be related to p-AKT, p-CaMK II, p-CREB and p-ERK1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhi Tan
- PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinping Xu
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Dong
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Binwei Yao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Hao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yabing Gao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiyun Peng
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Lai YF, Wang HY, Peng RY. Establishment of injury models in studies of biological effects induced by microwave radiation. Mil Med Res 2021; 8:12. [PMID: 33597038 PMCID: PMC7890848 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-021-00303-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microwave radiation has been widely used in various fields, such as communication, industry, medical treatment, and military applications. Microwave radiation may cause injuries to both the structures and functions of various organs, such as the brain, heart, reproductive organs, and endocrine organs, which endanger human health. Therefore, it is both theoretically and clinically important to conduct studies on the biological effects induced by microwave radiation. The successful establishment of injury models is of great importance to the reliability and reproducibility of these studies. In this article, we review the microwave exposure conditions, subjects used to establish injury models, the methods used for the assessment of the injuries, and the indicators implemented to evaluate the success of injury model establishment in studies on biological effects induced by microwave radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Fei Lai
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Hao-Yu Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Rui-Yun Peng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
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17
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Kim HS, Paik MJ, Seo C, Choi HD, Pack JK, Kim N, Ahn YH. Influences of exposure to 915-MHz radiofrequency identification signals on serotonin metabolites in rats: a pilot study. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 97:282-287. [PMID: 33135949 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1844336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The influences of radiofrequency electromagnetic exposure on animal health, particularly on serotonin metabolism, are not well-elucidated. In this in vivo study, we studied the influences of exposure to radiofrequency identification (RFID) signals on serotonin metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to sham (n = 10) and RFID-exposed (n = 12) groups. Rats in the RFID-exposed group were exposed to RFID signals at an average whole-body specific absorption rate of 2 W/kg for 8 h/day, 5 days/week for 2 weeks. Before and after RFID exposure, 24-h urine was collected from each rat. Urinary tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and 5-methoxyindole-3-acetic acid concentrations were examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and changes in the patterns of values were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Urinary levels of serotonin decreased by 20% (p = .041, Student's t-test) and 40% (p = .024, Student's t-test) in both the sham and RFID-exposed groups, respectively. The level of 5-methoxyindole-3-acetic acid decreased by 30% in the RFID-exposed group (p = .039, Student's t-test). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that exposure to RFID signals at a specific absorption rate of 2 W/kg is sufficient to alter serotonin metabolism in rats regardless of whether the exposure level is considered biohazardous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Jeong Paik
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Do Choi
- Radio Technology Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ki Pack
- Department of Radio Sciences and Engineering, College of Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Kim
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hwan Ahn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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18
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Dauda Usman J, Isyaku UM, Magaji RA, Fasanmade AA. Assessment of electromagnetic fields, vibration and sound exposure effects from multiple transceiver mobile phones on oxidative stress levels in serum, brain and heart tissue. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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19
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Sharaf NE, Galal AF, El-Sawy MS, Shalby AB, Sayed AH, Ahmed HH. Role of designed Bio-Geometrical forms in antagonizing neurobehavioral burden of Wi-Fi radiation: Evidence-based experimental study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.13005/bpj/1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of Wi-Fi signals exposure on cognitive function and its relevant brain biomarkers and the possible role of designed Bio-Geometrical forms in restoring the neurobehavioral alterations resulting from the exposure to the emerging radiation.Rats were assigned into 3 groups; Gp I control group (away from exposure to radiation); Gp II, III were exposed to wireless router signals for 24 h for 6 months and Gp III was protected by a set of designed BioGeometrical shapes. Animals were tested for spatial memory, anxiety and emotionality in addition to the related neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin and acetylcholine) in different brain areas. Melatonin, Heat Shock Protein (HSP-70) and acetylcholine esterase (AchE) were also measured in various brain regions and histopathological examination was carried out as well. Wi-Fi radiation exposed group showed elevated anxiety level and impaired spatial memory. Moreover, significant decline in dopamine, serotonin and acetylcholine levels in the investigated brain areas has been recorded. Melatonin levels were decreased in the cortex, striatum and hippocampus while HSP-70 was depleted in the cortex only. Using Bio-Geometrical forms along with Wi-Fi exposure could combat the burden of Wi-Fi radiation. This was evidenced by the recovery of the anxiety level and the improvement of memory task. In addition, the presence of Bio-Geometrical shapes could retrieve dopamine, serotonin and acetylcholine as well as melatonin and HSP-70 levels This study provides solid foundation for the potential use of Bio-Geometrical shapes to modify the insult of Wi-Fi radiation on brain function and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin E. Sharaf
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F. Galal
- Narcotics, Ergogenics and Poisons Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. El-Sawy
- Department of Architecture, Faculty of engineering, Misr University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aziza B. Shalby
- Department of Hormones, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Alaa H. Sayed
- Department of Hormones, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt. 5Applied Medical Sciences Department, Community College in AlQurayyat Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanaa H. Ahmed
- Department of Hormones, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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20
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Sienkiewicz Z, van Rongen E. Can Low-Level Exposure to Radiofrequency Fields Effect Cognitive Behaviour in Laboratory Animals? A Systematic Review of the Literature Related to Spatial Learning and Place Memory. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1607. [PMID: 31071933 PMCID: PMC6539921 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review considers whether exposure to low-level radiofrequency (RF) fields, mostly associated with mobile phone technology, can influence cognitive behaviour of laboratory animals. Studies were nominated for inclusion using an a priori defined protocol with preselected criteria, and studies were excluded from analysis if they did not include sufficient details about the exposure, dosimetry or experimental protocol, or if they lacked a sham-exposed group. Overall, 62 studies were identified that have investigated the effects of RF fields on spatial memory and place learning and have been published since 1993. Of these, 17 studies were excluded, 20 studies reported no significant field-related effects, 21 studies reported significant impairments or deficits, and four studies reported beneficial consequences. The data do not suggest whether these outcomes are related to specific differences in exposure or testing conditions, or simply represent chance. However, some studies have suggested possible molecular mechanisms for the observed effects, but none of these has been substantiated through independent replication. Further behavioural studies could prove useful to resolve this situation, and it is suggested that these studies should use a consistent animal model with standardized exposure and testing protocols, and with detailed dosimetry provided by heterogeneous, anatomically-realistic animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenon Sienkiewicz
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, UK.
| | - Eric van Rongen
- Health Council of the Netherlands, P.O. Box 16052, 2500 BB The Hague, The Netherlands.
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21
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Zhou H, Dong G, Zheng W, Wang S, Wang L, Zhi W, Wang C. Radiofrequency radiation at 2.856 GHz does not affect key cellular endpoints in neuron-like PC12 cells. Electromagn Biol Med 2018; 38:102-110. [PMID: 30482060 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2018.1550787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the potential cytotoxicity of radiofrequency (RF) radiation on central nervous system, rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells were exposed to 2.856 GHz RF radiation at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 4 W/kg for 8 h a day for 2 days in 35 mm Petri dishes. During exposure, the real-time variation of the culture medium temperature was monitored in the first hour. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, intracellular Ca2+ concentration, and cell apoptosis rate were assessed immediately after exposure by flow cytometry. The results showed that the medium temperature raised about 0.93 °C, but no significant changes were observed in apoptosis, ROS levels or intracellular Ca2+ concentration after treatment. Although several studies suggested that RF radiation does indeed cause neurological effects, this study presented inconsistent results, indicating that 2.856 GHz RF radiation exposure at a SAR of 4 W/kg does not have a dramatic impact on PC12 cells, and suggests the need for further investigation on the key cellular endpoints of other nerve cells after exposure to RF radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhou
- a Department of Experimental Pathology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing P. R. China
| | - Guofu Dong
- a Department of Experimental Pathology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing P. R. China
| | - Wen Zheng
- a Department of Experimental Pathology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing P. R. China
| | - Shuiming Wang
- a Department of Experimental Pathology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- a Department of Experimental Pathology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing P. R. China
| | - Weijia Zhi
- a Department of Experimental Pathology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing P. R. China
| | - Changzhen Wang
- a Department of Experimental Pathology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing P. R. China
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Ahmed NA, Radwan NM, Aboul Ezz HS, Khadrawy YA, Salama NA. The chronic effect of pulsed 1800 MHz electromagnetic radiation on amino acid neurotransmitters in three different areas of juvenile and young adult rat brain. Toxicol Ind Health 2018; 34:860-872. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233718798975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The extensive use of mobile phones worldwide has raised increasing concerns about the effects of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on the brain due to the proximity of the mobile phone to the head and the appearance of several adverse neurological effects after mobile phone use. It has been hypothesized that the EMR-induced neurological effects may be mediated by amino acid neurotransmitters. Thus, the present study investigated the effect of EMR (frequency 1800 MHz, specific absorption rate 0.843 W/kg, power density 0.02 mW/cm2, modulated at 217 Hz) on the concentrations of amino acid neurotransmitters (glutamic acid, aspartic acid, gamma aminobutyric acid, glycine, taurine, and the amide glutamine) in the hippocampus, striatum, and hypothalamus of juvenile and young adult rats. The juvenile and young adult animals were each divided into two groups: control rats and rats exposed to EMR 1 h daily for 1, 2, and 4 months. A subgroup of rats were exposed daily to EMR for 4 months and then left without exposure for 1 month to study the recovery from EMR exposure. Amino acid neurotransmitters were measured in the hippocampus, striatum, and hypothalamus using high-performance liquid chromatography. Exposure to EMR induced significant changes in amino acid neurotransmitters in the studied brain areas of juvenile and young adult rats, being more prominent in juvenile animals. It could be concluded that the alterations in amino acid neurotransmitters induced by EMR exposure of juvenile and young adult rats may underlie many of the neurological effects reported after EMR exposure including cognitive and memory impairment and sleep disorders. Some of these effects may persist for some time after stopping exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal A Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nasr M Radwan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba S Aboul Ezz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasser A Khadrawy
- Medical Division, Department of Medical Physiology, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Noha A Salama
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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23
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Karimi N, Bayat M, Haghani M, Saadi HF, Ghazipour GR. 2.45 GHz microwave radiation impairs learning, memory, and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in the rat. Toxicol Ind Health 2018; 34:873-883. [PMID: 30345889 DOI: 10.1177/0748233718798976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microwave (MW) radiation has a close relationship with neurobehavioral disorders. Due to the widespread usage of MW radiation, especially in our homes, it is essential to investigate the direct effect of MW radiation on the central nervous system. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the effect of MW radiation on memory and hippocampal synaptic plasticity. The rats were exposed to 2.45 GHz MW radiation (continuous wave with overall average power density of 0.016 mW/cm2 and overall average whole-body specific absorption rate value of 0.017 W/kg) for 2 h/day over a period of 40 days. Spatial learning and memory were tested by radial maze and passive avoidance tests. We evaluated the synaptic plasticity and hippocampal neuronal cells number by field potential recording and Giemsa staining, respectively. Our results showed that MW radiation exposure decreased the learning and memory performance that was associated with decrement of long-term potentiation induction and excitability of CA1 neurons. However, MW radiation did not have any effects on short-term plasticity and paired-pulse ratio as a good indirect index for measurement of glutamate release probability. The evaluation of hippocampal morphology indicated that the neuronal density in the hippocampal CA1 area was significantly decreased by MW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Karimi
- Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Bayat
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoud Haghani
- Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamed Fahandezh Saadi
- Department of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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24
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Xu Y, Gu X, Di G. Duration-dependent effect of exposure to static electric field on learning and memory ability in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:23864-23874. [PMID: 29881961 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2458-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of ultra-high-voltage direct-current (UHVDC) transmission, the strength of environmental static electric field (SEF) around UHVDC transmission lines increased substantially, which has aroused widely public attention on the potential health effects of SEF. In this study, the effect of SEF exposure on learning and memory ability was investigated. Institute of Cancer Research mice were exposed to 56.3 kV/m SEF for a short term (7 days) or long term (49 days). Behaviors in the Morris water maze (MWM) test, hippocampal neurotransmitter contents, and oxidative stress indicators were examined. Results showed that short-term SEF exposure significantly prolonged escape latency and decreased the number of platform-site crossovers, as well as decreased the time spent in the target quadrant in the MWM test. Meanwhile, serotonin level and the ratio of glutamate level to γ-aminobutyric acid level changed significantly. Besides, malondialdehyde content and glutathione peroxidase activity increased significantly, while superoxide dismutase activity decreased significantly. After long-term SEF exposure, all indices above showed no significant differences between the SEF and sham exposure groups. These data indicated that short-term exposure to 56.3 kV/m SEF could cause abnormal neurotransmitter levels and oxidative stress in the hippocampus, which led to the decline in learning and memory ability. Under the condition of long-term exposure, the SEF-induced disturbances in neurotransmitter contents and redox balance were offset by the compensatory responses of mice, and thus, the learning and memory ability returned to normal level. The temporary and reversible decline in learning and memory ability was only a common biological effect of SEF rather than a health hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Xu
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Di
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Forouharmajd F, Ebrahimi H, Pourabdian S. Mobile Phone Distance from Head and Temperature Changes of Radio Frequency Waves on Brain Tissue. Int J Prev Med 2018; 9:61. [PMID: 30123435 PMCID: PMC6071445 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_70_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Analyzing the possible negative effects of using cell phones on the users’ health is an important and vital affair due to rapid growth and extensive use of these devices on human communications and interactions. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of increasing the distance of cell phones to brain tissue on the temperature of the central and gray matters of brain due to the heat generated by radio frequency waves. Methods: This study was an experimental study. A cow's brain tissue was analyzed in a compartment with three thicknesses of 2, 12, and 22 mm, in the distances of 4 mm and 4 cm from a cell phone for 15 min. Lutron thermometer was used to measure the tissue temperature, and the data analysis were done by Lutron and MATLAB software packages. Results: The tissue temperature was increased while confronting with a cell phone in distances of 4 mm and 4 cm in all the three thicknesses of 2, 12, and 22 mm. The tissue temperature was higher after removing the confrontation at 4 mm distance as compared to the distance of 4 cm. Conclusions: During confrontation and after that with the cell phone, reducing the distance of brain tissue and the cell phone increased the tissue temperature intensely. In fact, by increasing the cell phone distance from brain tissue, the thermal effect of radiofrequency waves was reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Forouharmajd
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Ebrahimi
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Siamak Pourabdian
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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26
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Ahmadi S, Alavi SS, Jadidi M, Ardjmand A. Exposure to GSM 900-MHz mobile radiation impaired inhibitory avoidance memory consolidation in rat: Involvements of opioidergic and nitrergic systems. Brain Res 2018; 1701:36-45. [PMID: 30030983 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of mobile phones is increasing, and the main health concern is the possible deleterious effects of radiation on brain functioning. The present study aimed to examine the effects of exposure to a global system for mobile communication (GSM) with mobile phones on inhibitory avoidance (IA) memory performance as well as the involvement of endogenous opioids and nitric oxide (NO) in this task. Male Wistar rats, 10-12 weeks old, were used. The results showed that four weeks of mobile phone exposure impaired IA memory performance in rats. The results also revealed that post-training, but not pre-training, as well as pre-test intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of naloxone (0.4, 4 and 40 ng/rat), dose-dependently recovered the impairment of IA memory performance induced by GSM radiation. Additionally, the impairment of IA memory performance was completely recovered in the exposed animals with post-training treatment of naloxone (40 ng/rat) plus pre-test i.c.v. injections of L-arginine (100 and 200 nmol/rat). However, pre-test i.c.v. injections of L-NAME (10 and 20 nmol/rat), impaired IA memory performance in the animals receiving post-training naloxone (40 ng/rat). In the animals receiving post-training naloxone treatment, the impairment of IA memory performance due to pre-test i.c.v. injections of L-NAME was recovered by the pre-test co-administration of L-arginine. It was concluded that the recovery from impairment of IA memory in GSM-exposed animals with post-training naloxone treatment was the result of blockade of the opioidergic system in early memory consolidation as well as activation of the nitrergic system in the retrieval phase of memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamseddin Ahmadi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Samaneh Sadat Alavi
- Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Majid Jadidi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Ardjmand
- Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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27
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Hao Y, Li W, Wang H, Zhang J, Yu C, Tan S, Wang H, Xu X, Dong J, Yao B, Zhou H, Zhao L, Peng R. Autophagy mediates the degradation of synaptic vesicles: A potential mechanism of synaptic plasticity injury induced by microwave exposure in rats. Physiol Behav 2018; 188:119-127. [PMID: 29408588 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To explore how autophagy changes and whether autophagy is involved in the pathophysiological process of synaptic plasticity injury caused by microwave radiation, we established a 30 mW/cm2 microwave-exposure in vivo model, which caused reversible injuries in rat neurons. Microwave radiation induced cognitive impairment in rats and synaptic plasticity injury in rat hippocampal neurons. Autophagy in rat hippocampal neurons was activated following microwave exposure. Additionally, we observed that synaptic vesicles were encapsulated by autophagosomes, a phenomenon more evident in the microwave-exposed group. Colocation of autophagosomes and synaptic vesicles in rat hippocampal neurons increased following microwave exposure. CONCLUSION microwave exposure led to the activation of autophagy in rat hippocampal neurons, and excessive activation of autophagy might damage synaptic plasticity by mediating synaptic vesicle degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Hao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wenchao Li
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shengzhi Tan
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinping Xu
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ji Dong
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Binwei Yao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- Division of Radiation Protection and Health Physics, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Ruiyun Peng
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China.
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28
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Sage C, Hardell L. Fatal collision? Are wireless headsets a risk in treating patients? Electromagn Biol Med 2018; 37:95-99. [DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2017.1422261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lennart Hardell
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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29
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Microwave radiation leading to shrinkage of dendritic spines in hippocampal neurons mediated by SNK-SPAR pathway. Brain Res 2018; 1679:134-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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30
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Shahin S, Banerjee S, Swarup V, Singh SP, Chaturvedi CM. From the Cover: 2.45-GHz Microwave Radiation Impairs Hippocampal Learning and Spatial Memory: Involvement of Local Stress Mechanism-Induced Suppression of iGluR/ERK/CREB Signaling. Toxicol Sci 2017; 161:349-374. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Othman H, Ammari M, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. Effects of repeated restraint stress and WiFi signal exposure on behavior and oxidative stress in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1459-1469. [PMID: 28451780 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Today, due to technology development and aversive events of daily life, Human exposure to both radiofrequency and stress is unavoidable. This study investigated the co-exposure to repeated restraint stress and WiFi signal on cognitive function and oxidative stress in brain of male rats. Animals were divided into four groups: Control, WiFi-exposed, restrained and both WiFi-exposed and restrained groups. Each of WiFi exposure and restraint stress occurred 2 h (h)/day during 20 days. Subsequently, various tests were carried out for each group, such as anxiety in elevated plus maze, spatial learning abilities in the water maze, cerebral oxidative stress response and cholinesterase activity in brain and serum. Results showed that WiFi exposure and restraint stress, alone and especially if combined, induced an anxiety-like behavior without impairing spatial learning and memory abilities in rats. At cerebral level, we found an oxidative stress response triggered by WiFi and restraint, per se and especially when combined as well as WiFi-induced increase in acetylcholinesterase activity. Our results reveal that there is an impact of WiFi signal and restraint stress on the brain and cognitive processes especially in elevated plus maze task. In contrast, there are no synergistic effects between WiFi signal and restraint stress on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa Othman
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, University of Carthage, 7021, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ammari
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, University of Carthage, 7021, Jarzouna, Tunisia.
- Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 9, Rue Zouhair Essafi, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Mohsen Sakly
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, University of Carthage, 7021, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Hafedh Abdelmelek
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, University of Carthage, 7021, Jarzouna, Tunisia
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32
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Yu H, Yang Y, Li W, Qian Z. Theta-gamma coupling in hippocampus during working memory deficits induced by low frequency electromagnetic field exposure. Physiol Behav 2017; 179:135-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
This study concerns the effects of microwave on health because they pervade diverse fields of our lives. The brain has been recognized as one of the organs that is most vulnerable to microwave radiation. Therefore, in this article, we reviewed recent studies that have explored the effects of microwave radiation on the brain, especially the hippocampus, including analyses of epidemiology, morphology, electroencephalograms, learning and memory abilities and the mechanisms underlying brain dysfunction. However, the problem with these studies is that different parameters, such as the frequency, modulation, and power density of the radiation and the irradiation time, were used to evaluate microwave radiation between studies. As a result, the existing data exhibit poor reproducibility and comparability. To determine the specific dose-effect relationship between microwave radiation and its biological effects, more intensive studies must be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jia Zhi
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Li-Feng Wang
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Xiang-Jun Hu
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Wang H, Tan S, Xu X, Zhao L, Zhang J, Yao B, Gao Y, Zhou H, Peng R. Long term impairment of cognitive functions and alterations of NMDAR subunits after continuous microwave exposure. Physiol Behav 2017; 181:1-9. [PMID: 28866028 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The long term effects of continuous microwave exposure cannot be ignored for the simulation of the real environment and increasing concerns about the negative cognitive effects of microwave exposure. METHODS In this study, 220 male Wistar rats were exposed by a 2.856GHz radiation source with the average power density of 0, 2.5, 5 and 10mW/cm2 for 6min/day, 5days/week and up to 6weeks. The MWM task, the EEG analysis, the hippocampus structure observation and the western blot were applied until the 12months after microwave exposure to detect the spatial learning and memory abilities, the cortical electrical activity, changes of hippocampal structure and the NMDAR subunits expressions. RESULTS Results found that the rats in the 10mW/cm2 group showed the decline of spatial learning and memory abilities and EEG disorders (the decrease of EEG frequencies, and increase of EEG amplitudes and delta wave powers). Moreover, changes of basic structure and ultrastructure of hippocampus also found in the 10 and 5mW/cm2 groups. The decrease of NR 2A, 2B and p-NR2B might contribute to the impairment of cognitive functions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that the continuous microwave exposure could cause the dose-dependent long term impairment of spatial learning and memory, the abnormalities of EEG and the hippocampal structure injuries. The decrease of NMDAR key subunits and phosphorylation of NR 2B might contribute to the cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shengzhi Tan
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinping Xu
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Binwei Yao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yabing Gao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- Division of Radiation Protection and Health Physics, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ruiyun Peng
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China.
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35
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Frameworking memory and serotonergic markers. Rev Neurosci 2017; 28:455-497. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:The evidence for neural markers and memory is continuously being revised, and as evidence continues to accumulate, herein, we frame earlier and new evidence. Hence, in this work, the aim is to provide an appropriate conceptual framework of serotonergic markers associated with neural activity and memory. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) has multiple pharmacological tools, well-characterized downstream signaling in mammals’ species, and established 5-HT neural markers showing new insights about memory functions and dysfunctions, including receptors (5-HT1A/1B/1D, 5-HT2A/2B/2C, and 5-HT3-7), transporter (serotonin transporter [SERT]) and volume transmission present in brain areas involved in memory. Bidirectional influence occurs between 5-HT markers and memory/amnesia. A growing number of researchers report that memory, amnesia, or forgetting modifies neural markers. Diverse approaches support the translatability of using neural markers and cerebral functions/dysfunctions, including memory formation and amnesia. At least, 5-HT1A, 5-HT4, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7receptors and SERT seem to be useful neural markers and therapeutic targets. Hence, several mechanisms cooperate to achieve synaptic plasticity or memory, including changes in the expression of neurotransmitter receptors and transporters.
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Abstract
Diverse neuropsychiatric disorders present dysfunctional memory and no effective treatment exits for them; likely as result of the absence of neural markers associated to memory. Neurotransmitter systems and signaling pathways have been implicated in memory and dysfunctional memory; however, their role is poorly understood. Hence, neural markers and cerebral functions and dysfunctions are revised. To our knowledge no previous systematic works have been published addressing these issues. The interactions among behavioral tasks, control groups and molecular changes and/or pharmacological effects are mentioned. Neurotransmitter receptors and signaling pathways, during normal and abnormally functioning memory with an emphasis on the behavioral aspects of memory are revised. With focus on serotonin, since as it is a well characterized neurotransmitter, with multiple pharmacological tools, and well characterized downstream signaling in mammals' species. 5-HT1A, 5-HT4, 5-HT5, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7 receptors as well as SERT (serotonin transporter) seem to be useful neural markers and/or therapeutic targets. Certainly, if the mentioned evidence is replicated, then the translatability from preclinical and clinical studies to neural changes might be confirmed. Hypothesis and theories might provide appropriate limits and perspectives of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Meneses
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Mexico City, Mexico
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