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Leng J, Zhu J, Yan Y, Yu X, Liu M, Lou Y, Liu Y, Gao L, Sun Y, He T, Yang Q, Feng C, Wang D, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Xu F. Multilevel Laser-Induced Pain Measurement with Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network - Gradient Penalty Model. Int J Neural Syst 2024; 34:2350067. [PMID: 38149912 DOI: 10.1142/s0129065723500673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Pain is an experience of unpleasant sensations and emotions associated with actual or potential tissue damage. In the global context, billions of people are affected by pain disorders. There are particular challenges in the measurement and assessment of pain, and the commonly used pain measuring tools include traditional subjective scoring methods and biomarker-based measures. The main tools for biomarker-based analysis are electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiography and functional magnetic resonance. The EEG-based quantitative pain measurements are of immense value in clinical pain management and can provide objective assessments of pain intensity. The assessment of pain is now primarily limited to the identification of the presence or absence of pain, with less research on multilevel pain. High power laser stimulation pain experimental paradigm and five pain level classification methods based on EEG data augmentation are presented. First, the EEG features are extracted using modified S-transform, and the time-frequency information of the features is retained. Based on the pain recognition effect, the 20-40[Formula: see text]Hz frequency band features are optimized. Afterwards the Wasserstein generative adversarial network with gradient penalty is used for feature data augmentation. It can be inferred from the good classification performance of features in the parietal region of the brain that the sensory function of the parietal lobe region is effectively activated during the occurrence of pain. By comparing the latest data augmentation methods and classification algorithms, the proposed method has significant advantages for the five-level pain dataset. This research provides new ways of thinking and research methods related to pain recognition, which is essential for the study of neural mechanisms and regulatory mechanisms of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancai Leng
- International School for Optoelectronic Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Jianqun Zhu
- International School for Optoelectronic Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Yihao Yan
- International School for Optoelectronic Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yu
- International School for Optoelectronic Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- International School for Optoelectronic Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Yitai Lou
- International School for Optoelectronic Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Yanbing Liu
- International School for Optoelectronic Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Licai Gao
- International School for Optoelectronic Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Sun
- International School for Optoelectronic Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Tianzheng He
- International School for Optoelectronic Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Qingbo Yang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Chao Feng
- International School for Optoelectronic Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Dezheng Wang
- Rehabilitation Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Rehabilitation Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Qing Xu
- Shandong Institute of Scientific and Technical Information, Jinan 250101, P. R. China
| | - Fangzhou Xu
- International School for Optoelectronic Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, P. R. China
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Acunzo DJ, Terhune DB, Sharma A, Hickey CM. Absorption and dissociation mediate the relationship between direct verbal suggestibility and impulsivity/compulsivity. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2022; 231:103793. [PMID: 36402087 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct verbal suggestibility refers to the capacity for an individual to experience perceptual, motor, affective and cognitive changes in response to verbal suggestions. Suggestibility is characterized by pronounced, yet reliable, inter-individual differences. Previous research and theoretical considerations suggest that greater impulsivity and compulsivity is associated to higher suggestibility, but the characteristics and mediating factors of this association are poorly understood. Using established psychometric measures in an online sample, we found positive correlations between the domain comprising impulsivity, compulsivity and behavioural activation, and the domain of suggestibility, dissociation and absorption. We also observed that dissociation and absorption mediated the link between suggestibility and impulsivity, and between suggestibility and behavioural activation, respectively. These results confirm the positive link between suggestibility and the impulsivity/compulsivity domain and shed new light on the characterisation of traits associated with suggestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Acunzo
- Centre for Human Brain Health, Department of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Devin B Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, New Cross, London SE14 6NW, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Ankita Sharma
- Human Neuroscience intercalated programme, Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Clayton M Hickey
- Centre for Human Brain Health, Department of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Wu F, Mai W, Tang Y, Liu Q, Chen J, Guo Z. Learning Spatial-Spectral-Temporal EEG Representations with Deep Attentive-Recurrent-Convolutional Neural Networks for Pain Intensity Assessment. Neuroscience 2022; 481:144-155. [PMID: 34843893 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Electroencephalogram (EEG)-based quantitative pain measurement is valuable in the field of clinical pain treatment, providing objective pain intensity assessment especially for nonverbal patients who are unable to self-report. At present, a key challenge in modeling pain events from EEG is to find invariant representations for intra- and inter-subject variations, where current methods based on hand-crafted features cannot provide satisfactory results. Hence, we propose a novel method based on deep learning to learn such invariant representations from multi-channel EEG signals and demonstrate its great advantages in EEG-based pain classification tasks. To begin, instead of using typical EEG analysis techniques that ignore spatial information of EEG, we convert raw EEG signals into a sequence of multi-spectral topography maps (topology-preserving EEG images). Next, inspired by various deep learning techniques applied in neuroimaging domain, a deep Attentive-Recurrent-Convolutional Neural Network (ARCNN) is proposed here to learn spatial-spectral-temporal representations from EEG images. The proposed method aims to jointly preserve the spatial-spectral-temporal structures of EEG, for learning representations with high robustness against intra-subject and inter-subject variations, making it more conducive to multi-class and subject-independent scenarios. Empirical evaluation on 4-level pain intensity assessment within the subject-independent scenario demonstrated significant improvement over baseline and state-of-the-art methods in this field. Our approach applies deep neural networks (DNNs) to pain intensity assessment for the first time and demonstrates its potential advantages in modeling pain events from EEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjie Wu
- Laboratory Center of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weijian Mai
- School of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yisheng Tang
- School of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qingkun Liu
- School of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiangtao Chen
- School of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ziqian Guo
- School of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Tonye-Geoffroy L, Mauboussin Carlos S, Tuffet S, Fromentin H, Berard L, Leblanc J, Laroche F. Efficacy of a combination of hypnosis and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for chronic non-cancer pain: A randomized controlled trial. J Adv Nurs 2021; 77:2875-2886. [PMID: 33783846 PMCID: PMC8251595 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic non-cancer pain, which persists for at least three months, seriously affects quality of life. Chronic non-cancer pain patients are usually managed by a multidisciplinary team using pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies. Nurses perform transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and hypnosis, which are widely used in France for the treatment of chronic pain in pain departments. OBJECTIVE To assess pain relief at three months, comparing a simultaneous combination of hypnosis and TENS (intervention) with TENS alone (control). DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. METHODS Patients aged 18-80 years, suffering from chronic peripheral neuropathic and/or nociceptive non-cancer pain were included (September 2013 to May 2017) and followed for six months. The primary outcome was the pain intensity difference (by visual analog scale score) between month 3 and baseline. The secondary outcomes, assessed at months 3 and 6, were SF36 score, analgesics consumption and number of TENS sessions performed at home (last seven days). RESULTS Seventy-two patients were included, suffering from a combination of chronic non-cancer nociceptive and neuropathic pain, with a mean pain intensity of about sixty out of a hundred. The results show an important pain reduction (forty percent) in both groups at 3 months. No significant difference was observed between the control and intervention groups. Similarly, SF36 score, change in analgesic intake and patient compliance did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSIONS This is the first randomized controlled study showing a decrease of pain intensity and a high level of compliance with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation alone or associated to hypnosis. The combination does not seem to be more efficient than transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation alone. Chronic non-cancer pain remains a major issue and a substantial proportion of patients do not appear to benefit from interventions. IMPACT This study increases our understanding of the combination of two non-pharmacological methods in chronic non-cancer pain patients. The combination of the two non-pharmacological strategies did not appear to be more efficient than one alone. Further research on non-pharmacological treatments targeting to patient's characteristics are needed to find appropriate strategies in patients with complex multidimensional pain conditions. Clinical Trial Number: NCT01944150 (Sept. 17, 2013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Tonye-Geoffroy
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Pain Department of Saint-Antoine University Hospital and Medical University Sorbonne, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Mauboussin Carlos
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Pain Department of Saint-Antoine University Hospital and Medical University Sorbonne, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Tuffet
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Clinical Research Unit of East of Paris (URC-Est), Paris, France
| | - Hélène Fromentin
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Clinical Research Center of East of Paris (CRC-Est), Paris, France
| | - Laurence Berard
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Clinical Research Platform of East of Paris (URC-Est/CRC-Est), Paris, France
| | - Judith Leblanc
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Clinical Research Center of East of Paris (CRC-Est), Paris, France
| | - Françoise Laroche
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Pain Department of Saint-Antoine University Hospital and Medical University Sorbonne, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Musculoskeletal Pain Group - INSERM U987 - Ambroise Paré Hospital, Boulogne Billancourt, France
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Zarei SP, Briscese L, Capitani S, Rossi B, Carboncini MC, Santarcangelo EL, Motie Nasrabadi A. Hypnotizability-Related Effects of Pain Expectation on the Later Modulation of Cortical Connectivity. Int J Clin Exp Hypn 2020; 68:306-326. [PMID: 32510271 DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2020.1762196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study examined hypnotizability-related modulation of the cortical network following expected and nonexpected nociceptive stimulation. The electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded in 9 high (highs) and 8 low (lows) hypnotizable participants receiving nociceptive stimulation with (W1) and without (noW) a visual warning preceding the stimulation by 1 second. W1 and noW were compared to baseline conditions to assess the presence of any later effect and between each other to assess the effects of expectation. The studied EEG variables measured local and global features of the cortical connectivity. With respect to lows, highs exhibited scarce differences between experimental conditions. The hypnotizability-related differences in the later processing of nociceptive information could be relevant to the development of pain-related individual traits. Present findings suggest a lower impact of nociceptive stimulation in highs than in lows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia Briscese
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa , Italy
| | - Simone Capitani
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa , Italy
| | - Bruno Rossi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa , Italy
| | - Maria C Carboncini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa , Italy
| | - Enrica L Santarcangelo
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa , Italy
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Spina V, Chisari C, Santarcangelo EL. High Motor Cortex Excitability in Highly Hypnotizable Individuals: A Favourable Factor for Neuroplasticity? Neuroscience 2020; 430:125-130. [PMID: 32036016 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypnotizability is a psychophysiological trait associated with morphofunctional brain peculiarities and with several cognitive, sensorimotor and cardiovascular correlates. Behavioral and EEG studies indicate stronger functional equivalence (FE) between motor imagery and action in the individuals with high hypnotizability scores (Highs). We hypothesized that stronger FE leading to greater proneness to ideomotor behavior could be due to greater cortical excitability of the motor cortex. The aim of the study was to evaluate the motor cortical excitability through measurements of the muscle potentials (MEPs) evoked in the left abductor pollicis brevis by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the right motor cortex in 10 Highs, 10 medium (Mediums) and 10 low hypnotizable individuals (Lows) classified according to the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, form A (SHSS). They were studied in basal conditions (B) and during motor imagery (MI). Results showed significant, negative correlations (i) between hypnotizability and MEPs Resting Motor Threshold (RMT) in basal conditions, and (ii) between hypnotizability and both MEPs RMT and suprathreshold (I1mv) stimulation intensities during MI. ANOVA revealed significantly lower stimulation intensities in Highs than in Lows, with Mediums exhibiting intermediate values. Thus, the Highs' greater cortical excitability could sustain their greater FE and proneness to ideomotor behavior. In cognitive neuroscience these findings are relevant to the physiological interpretation of the response to sensorimotor suggestions by participants in the ordinary state of consciousness. In the clinical field they can predict the efficacy of mental training based on motor imagery and, possibly, the degree of imagery-induced cortical plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Spina
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carmelo Chisari
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrica L Santarcangelo
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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7
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Santarcangelo EL, Scattina E. RESPONDING TO SENSORIMOTOR SUGGESTIONS: From Endothelial Nitric Oxide to the Functional Equivalence Between Imagery and Perception. Int J Clin Exp Hypn 2019; 67:394-407. [PMID: 31526264 DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2019.1649539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The reduced cerebellar gray matter (GM) volume observed in highly hypnotizable individuals (highs) is likely due to the excessive release of endothelial nitric oxide in the brain and could account for their behavioral (postural and visuomotor control) and physiological (paradoxical pain control after cerebellar anodal stimulation) characteristics. Reduced cerebellar GM can induce low inhibition of the cerebral cortex, thus stronger functional equivalence (FE) between imagery and perception and greater proneness to respond to sensorimotor suggestions. In fact, stronger FE suggested in highs by behavioral studies has been confirmed by topological data analysis of EEG signals recorded during sensorimotor and imagery tasks. The authors' hypothesis cannot be applied to obstructive suggestions likely sustained by mechanisms related to socio-cognitive factors, i.e., oxytocin availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica L Santarcangelo
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa , Italy
| | - Eliana Scattina
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa , Italy
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Ibáñez-Marcelo E, Campioni L, Phinyomark A, Petri G, Santarcangelo EL. Topology highlights mesoscopic functional equivalence between imagery and perception: The case of hypnotizability. Neuroimage 2019; 200:437-449. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Santarcangelo EL, Consoli S. Complex Role of Hypnotizability in the Cognitive Control of Pain. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2272. [PMID: 30515125 PMCID: PMC6256013 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Enrica L. Santarcangelo
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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10
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Varanini M, Balocchi R, Carli G, Paoletti G, Santarcangelo EL. HYPNOTIZABILITY AND PAIN MODULATION: A Body-Mind Perspective. Int J Clin Exp Hypn 2018; 66:265-281. [PMID: 29856285 DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2018.1460561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated whether the cardiac activity and cognitive-emotional traits sustained by the behavioral inhibition/activation system (BIS/BAS) may contribute to hypnotizability-related pain modulation. Nociceptive stimulation (cold-pressor test) was administered to healthy participants with high (highs) and low (lows) hypnotizability in the presence and absence of suggestions for analgesia. Results showed that heart rate increased abruptly at the beginning of nociceptive stimulation in all participants. Then, only in highs heart rate decreased for the entire duration of hand immersion. During stimulation with suggestions of analgesia, pain threshold negatively correlated with heart rate. BIS/BAS activity partially accounted for the observed hypnotizability-related differences in the relation between cardiac interoception and pain experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Varanini
- a Institute of Physilogy , National Council of Research , Pisa , Italy
| | - Rita Balocchi
- a Institute of Physilogy , National Council of Research , Pisa , Italy
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Presciuttini S, Curcio M, Sciarrino R, Scatena F, Jensen MP, Santarcangelo EL. Polymorphism of Opioid Receptors μ1 in Highly Hypnotizable Subjects. Int J Clin Exp Hypn 2018; 66:106-118. [PMID: 29319460 DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2018.1396128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The possible cooperation between hypnotizability-related and placebo mechanisms in pain modulation has not been consistently assessed. Here, we investigate possible genetic bases for such cooperation. The OPRM1 gene, which encodes the μ1 opioid receptor-the primary site of action for endogenous and exogenous opioids-is polymorphic in the general population for the missense mutation Asn40Asp (A118G, rs1799971). The minor allele 118G results in decreased levels of OPRM1 mRNA and protein. As a consequence, G carriers are less responsive to opioids. The aim of the study was to investigate whether hypnotizability is associated with the presence of the OPRM1 polymorphism. Forty-three high and 60 low hypnotizable individuals, as well as 162 controls, were genotyped for the A118G polymorphism of OPRM1. The frequency of the G allele was significantly higher in highs compared to both lows and controls. Findings suggest that an inefficient opioid system may be a distinctive characteristic of highs and that hypnotic assessment may predict lower responsiveness to opioids.
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12
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Santarcangelo EL, Briscese L, Capitani S, Orsini P, Varanini M, Rossi B, Carboncini MC. Blink reflex in subjects with different hypnotizability: New findings for an old debate. Physiol Behav 2016; 163:288-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Huang R, Wang J, Wu D, Long H, Yang X, Liu H, Gao X, Zhao R, Lai W. The effects of customised brainwave music on orofacial pain induced by orthodontic tooth movement. Oral Dis 2016; 22:766-774. [PMID: 27417074 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; Department of Orthodontics; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Stomatology; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Tongji University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - D Wu
- School of Computer and Information; Beijing Jiaotong University; Beijing China
| | - H Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; Department of Orthodontics; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - X Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; Department of Orthodontics; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
- Department of Stomatology; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Tongji University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - H Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; Department of Orthodontics; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - X Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; Department of Orthodontics; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - R Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; Department of Orthodontics; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - W Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; Department of Orthodontics; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
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