1
|
Sadibolova R, DiMarco EK, Jiang A, Maas B, Tatter SB, Laxton A, Kishida KT, Terhune DB. Sub-second and multi-second dopamine dynamics underlie variability in human time perception. medRxiv 2024:2024.02.09.24302276. [PMID: 38370629 PMCID: PMC10871373 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.09.24302276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Timing behaviour and the perception of time are fundamental to cognitive and emotional processes in humans. In non-human model organisms, the neuromodulator dopamine has been associated with variations in timing behaviour, but the connection between variations in dopamine levels and the human experience of time has not been directly assessed. Here, we report how dopamine levels in human striatum, measured with sub-second temporal resolution during awake deep brain stimulation surgery, relate to participants' perceptual judgements of time intervals. Fast, phasic, dopaminergic signals were associated with underestimation of temporal intervals, whereas slower, tonic, decreases in dopamine were associated with poorer temporal precision. Our findings suggest a delicate and complex role for the dynamics and tone of dopaminergic signals in the conscious experience of time in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Sadibolova
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London; London SE14 6NW, UK
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London; London SE5 8AB, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Roehampton; London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - Emily K. DiMarco
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Angela Jiang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Benjamin Maas
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Virginia Tech – Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Stephen B. Tatter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Adrian Laxton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Kenneth T. Kishida
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Virginia Tech – Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Devin B. Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London; London SE14 6NW, UK
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London; London SE5 8AB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Malkinson TS, Terhune DB, Kollamkulam M, Guerreiro MJ, Bassett DS, Makin TR. Correction: Gender imbalances in the editorial activities of a selective journal run by academic editors. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297480. [PMID: 38232113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294805.].
Collapse
|
3
|
Seidel Malkinson T, Terhune DB, Kollamkulam M, Guerreiro MJ, Bassett DS, Makin TR. Gender imbalances in the editorial activities of a selective journal run by academic editors. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294805. [PMID: 38079414 PMCID: PMC10712860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The fairness of decisions made at various stages of the publication process is an important topic in meta-research. Here, based on an analysis of data on the gender of authors, editors and reviewers for 23,876 initial submissions and 7,192 full submissions to the journal eLife, we report on five stages of the publication process. We find that the board of reviewing editors (BRE) is men-dominant (69%) and that authors disproportionately suggest male editors when making an initial submission. We do not find evidence for gender bias when Senior Editors consult Reviewing Editors about initial submissions, but women Reviewing Editors are less engaged in discussions about these submissions than expected by their proportion. We find evidence of gender homophily when Senior Editors assign full submissions to Reviewing Editors (i.e., men are more likely to assign full submissions to other men (77% compared to the base assignment rate to men RE of 70%), and likewise for women (41% compared to women RE base assignment rate of 30%))). This tendency was stronger in more gender-balanced scientific disciplines. However, we do not find evidence for gender bias when authors appeal decisions made by editors to reject submissions. Together, our findings confirm that gender disparities exist along the editorial process and suggest that merely increasing the proportion of women might not be sufficient to eliminate this bias. Measures accounting for women's circumstances and needs (e.g., delaying discussions until all RE are engaged) and raising editorial awareness to women's needs may be essential to increasing gender equity and enhancing academic publication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tal Seidel Malkinson
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau ‐ Paris Brain Institute ‐ ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Devin B. Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew Kollamkulam
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dani S. Bassett
- Departments of Bioengineering, Electrical & Systems Engineering, Physics & Astronomy, Neurology, and Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, United States of America
| | - Tamar R. Makin
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wieder L, Brown RJ, Terhune DB. Revisiting the role of verbal suggestion in dissociative psychopathology. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2023; 148:460-462. [PMID: 37493136 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Wieder
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Richard J Brown
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Psychotherapy Services, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Devin B Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Amoruso E, Terhune DB, Kromm M, Kirker S, Muret D, Makin TR. Reassessing referral of touch following peripheral deafferentation: The role of contextual bias. Cortex 2023; 167:167-177. [PMID: 37567052 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Some amputees have been famously reported to perceive facial touch as arising from their phantom hand. These referred sensations have since been replicated across multiple neurological disorders and were classically interpreted as a perceptual correlate of cortical plasticity. Common to all these and related studies is that participants might have been influenced in their self-reports by the experimental design or related contextual biases. Here, we investigated whether referred sensations reports might be confounded by demand characteristics (e.g., compliance, expectation, suggestion). Unilateral upper-limb amputees (N = 18), congenital one-handers (N = 19), and two-handers (N = 22) were repeatedly stimulated with computer-controlled vibrations on 10 body-parts and asked to report the occurrence of any concurrent sensations on their hand(s). To further manipulate expectations, we gave participants the suggestion that some of these vibrations had a higher probability to evoke referred sensations. We also assessed similarity between (phantom) hand and face representation in primary somatosensory cortex (S1), using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) multivariate representational similarity analysis. We replicated robust reports of referred sensations in amputees towards their phantom hand; however, the frequency and distribution of reported referred sensations were similar across groups. Moreover, referred sensations were evoked by stimulation of multiple body-parts and similarly reported on both the intact and phantom hand in amputees. Face-to-phantom-hand representational similarity was not different in amputees' missing hand region, compared with controls. These findings weaken the interpretation of referred sensations as a perceptual correlate of S1 plasticity and reveal the need to account for contextual biases when evaluating anomalous perceptual phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Amoruso
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AZ, UK
| | - Devin B Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London SE14 6NW, UK
| | - Maria Kromm
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AZ, UK
| | - Stephen Kirker
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Dollyane Muret
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AZ, UK.
| | - Tamar R Makin
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AZ, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
DiMarco EK, Sadibolova R, Jiang A, Liebenow B, Jones RE, Haq IU, Siddiqui MS, Terhune DB, Kishida KT. Time perception reflects individual differences in motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 114:105800. [PMID: 37595329 PMCID: PMC10723042 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Decreasing dopaminergic function is at the core of Parkinson's disease (PD) motor symptoms and changes in dopaminergic action are associated with many comorbid non-motor symptoms in PD. Notably, dopaminergic signaling in the striatum has been shown to play a critical role in the perception of time. We hypothesize that patients with PD perceive time differently and in accordance with their specific comorbid non-motor symptoms and clinical state. This means that individual differences in clinical symptoms may be reflected in individual differences in timing behavior. To test this hypothesis, we recruited patients with PD and compared individual differences in patients' clinical state with their ability to judge intervals of time ranging from 500 ms to 1100 ms while on and off their prescribed dopaminergic medications. We show that medication state (on vs. off medications) did not affect timing behavior, but individual differences in timing behavior are able to predict individual differences in comorbid non-motor symptoms, duration of PD diagnosis, and prescribed dopaminergic medications. We show that comorbid impulse control disorder is associated with temporal overestimation; depression is associated with decreased temporal accuracy; and increased PD duration and prescribed levodopa monotherapy are associated with reduced temporal precision and accuracy. Observed differences in time perception are consistent with hypothesized dopaminergic mechanisms thought to underlie the respective motor and non-motor symptoms in PD. In future work, time perception tasks may augment clinical diagnosis strategies, or help disentangle the neural and cognitive mechanisms underlying PD motor and non-motor symptom etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily K DiMarco
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Renata Sadibolova
- School of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, SW15 4JD, UK; Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Angela Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Brittany Liebenow
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Rachel E Jones
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Ihtsham U Haq
- Department of Neurology, Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Mustafa S Siddiqui
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Devin B Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kenneth T Kishida
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA; Department of Neurology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Geagea D, Tyack Z, Kimble R, Polito V, Ayoub B, Terhune DB, Griffin B. Clinical Hypnosis for Procedural Pain and Distress in Children: A Scoping Review. Pain Med 2023; 24:661-702. [PMID: 36448690 PMCID: PMC10233484 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnac186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pain and distress are common in children undergoing medical procedures, exposing them to acute and chronic biopsychosocial impairments if inadequately treated. Clinical hypnosis has emerged as a potentially beneficial treatment for children's procedural pain and distress due to evidence of effectiveness and potential superiority to other psychological interventions. However, systematic reviews of clinical hypnosis for children's procedural pain and distress have been predominantly conducted in children undergoing oncology and needle procedures and are lacking in broader pediatric contexts. This scoping review maps the evidence of clinical hypnosis for children's procedural pain and distress across broad pediatric contexts while highlighting knowledge gaps and areas requiring further investigation. METHODS Published databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science) and grey literature were searched in addition to hand-searching reference lists and key journals (up to May 2022). Two independent reviewers screened the titles and abstracts of search results followed by a full-text review against eligibility criteria. Articles were included if they involved a clinical hypnosis intervention comprising an induction followed by therapeutic suggestions for pain and distress in children undergoing medical procedures. This review followed the Arksey and O'Malley (2005) methodology and incorporated additional scoping review recommendations by the Joanna Briggs Institute and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. RESULTS A total of 38 eligible studies involving 2,205 children were included after 4,775 articles were screened. Research on clinical hypnosis for children's procedural pain and distress was marked by a lack of fidelity measures and qualitative data as well as by inadequate intervention reporting and high attrition rates. Evidence regarding the safety of clinical hypnosis, pain unpleasantness outcomes, factors influencing outcomes, as well as barriers and facilitators to implementing hypnosis and study procedures was also lacking. Clinical hypnosis has potential benefits for children's procedural pain and distress based on evidence of superiority to control conditions and nonpharmacological interventions (e.g., distraction, acupressure) with moderate to large effect sizes as reported in 76% of studies. However, heterogeneous interventions, contexts, study designs, and populations were identified, and the certainty of the evidence was not evaluated. CONCLUSIONS The review suggests potential benefits of clinical hypnosis for children's procedural pain and distress and thus provides a precursor for further systematic reviews and trials investigating the effectiveness of clinical hypnosis. The review also indicates the need to further explore the feasibility, acceptability, implementation, and safety of clinical hypnosis in children undergoing painful procedures. Based on the review, researchers implementing clinical hypnosis should adequately report interventions or use treatment manuals, follow recommended research guidelines, and assess the fidelity of intervention delivery to promote replicating and comparing interventions. The review also highlights common methodological shortcomings of published trials to avoid, such as the lack of implementation frameworks, small sample sizes, inadequate reporting of standard care or control conditions, and limited evidence on pain unpleasantness outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dali Geagea
- Child Health Research Centre, Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Zephanie Tyack
- Child Health Research Centre, Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Centre for Health Service Innovation and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Roy Kimble
- Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Queensland Children's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Vince Polito
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bassel Ayoub
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Devin B Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths University of London, London, UK
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bronwyn Griffin
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Palsson OS, Kekecs Z, De Benedittis G, Moss D, Elkins GR, Terhune DB, Varga K, Shenefelt PD, Whorwell PJ. Current Practices, Experiences, and Views in Clinical Hypnosis: Findings of an International Survey. Int J Clin Exp Hypn 2023; 71:92-114. [PMID: 36912647 DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2023.2183862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
An online survey of 691 clinicians who use hypnosis was conducted in 31 countries to gain a broad real-world picture of current practices, views, and experiences in clinical hypnosis. Among 36 common clinical uses, stress reduction, wellbeing and self-esteem-enhancement, surgery preparations, anxiety interventions, mindfulness facilitation, and labor and childbirth applications were the most frequently rated as highly effective (each by ≥70% of raters) in the clinicians' own experience. Adverse hypnosis-associated effects had been encountered by 55% of clinicians but were generally short-lived and very rarely judged as serious. The most common hypnosis approaches used were Ericksonian (71%), hypnotic relaxation therapy (55%), and traditional hypnosis (50%). Almost all respondents reported regularly using other therapeutic modalities alongside hypnosis. Among a range of client variables potentially affecting therapy, most clinicians rated hypnotist-client rapport (88%) and client motivation (75%) as very or extremely important factors for successful hypnotherapy. The majority of respondents had conducted hypnosis treatment via teletherapy, and 54% of those estimated it to be as effective as in-person treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olafur S Palsson
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Zoltan Kekecs
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Sweden
| | | | - Donald Moss
- College of Integrative Medicine and Health Sciences, Saybrook University, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Gary R Elkins
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Devin B Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, UK
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Katalin Varga
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Philip D Shenefelt
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Peter J Whorwell
- Neurogastroenterology Unit, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
DiMarco E, Sadibolova R, Jiang A, Liebenow B, Jones RE, Ul Haq I, Siddiqui MS, Terhune DB, Kishida KT. Time perception reflects individual differences in motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. bioRxiv 2023:2023.03.02.530411. [PMID: 36909605 PMCID: PMC10002735 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.02.530411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Dopaminergic signaling in the striatum has been shown to play a critical role in the perception of time. Decreasing striatal dopamine efficacy is at the core of Parkinson's disease (PD) motor symptoms and changes in dopaminergic action have been associated with many comorbid non-motor symptoms in PD. We hypothesize that patients with PD perceive time differently and in accordance with their specific comorbid non-motor symptoms and clinical state. We recruited patients with PD and compared individual differences in patients' clinical features with their ability to judge millisecond to second intervals of time (500ms-1100ms) while on or off their prescribed dopaminergic medications. We show that individual differences in comorbid non-motor symptoms, PD duration, and prescribed dopaminergic pharmacotherapeutics account for individual differences in time perception performance. We report that comorbid impulse control disorder is associated with temporal overestimation; depression is associated with decreased temporal accuracy; and PD disease duration and prescribed levodopa monotherapy are associated with reduced temporal precision and accuracy. Observed differences in time perception are consistent with hypothesized dopaminergic mechanisms thought to underlie the respective motor and non-motor symptoms in PD, but also raise questions about specific dopaminergic mechanisms. In future work, time perception tasks like the one used here, may provide translational or reverse translational utility in investigations aimed at disentangling neural and cognitive systems underlying PD symptom etiology. One Sentence Summary Quantitative characterization of time perception behavior reflects individual differences in Parkinson's disease motor and non-motor symptom clinical presentation that are consistent with hypothesized neural and cognitive mechanisms.
Collapse
|
10
|
Millman LM, Hunter EC, Terhune DB, Orgs G. Online structured dance/movement therapy reduces bodily detachment in depersonalization-derealization disorder. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2023; 51:101749. [PMID: 37018935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2023.101749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depersonalization-derealization disorder (DDD) is a dissociative disorder encompassing pronounced disconnections from the self and from external reality. As DDD is inherently tied to a detachment from the body, dance/movement therapy could provide an innovative treatment approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed two online dance tasks to reduce detachment either by training body awareness (BA task) or enhancing the salience of bodily signals through dance exercise (DE task). Individuals with DDD (n = 31) and healthy controls (n = 29) performed both tasks individually in a cross-over design. We assessed symptom severity (Cambridge Depersonalization Scale), interoceptive awareness (Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness - II), mindfulness (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire), and body vigilance (Body Vigilance Scale) before, during and after the tasks. RESULTS At baseline, individuals with DDD exhibited elevated depersonalization-derealization symptoms alongside lower levels of interoceptive awareness and mindfulness compared to controls. Both tasks reduced symptoms in the DDD group, though dance exercise was perceived as easier. The DE task increased mindfulness in those with DDD more than the BA task, whereas controls showed the opposite pattern. In the DDD group, within-subject correlations showed that lower levels of symptoms were associated with task-specific elevations in interoceptive awareness and mindfulness. CONCLUSION Individual and structured dance/movement practice, performed at home without an instructor present, offers an effective tool to reduce symptoms in DDD and can be tailored to address specific cognitive components of a mindful engagement with the body.
Collapse
|
11
|
Smith DM, Terhune DB. Pedunculopontine-induced cortical decoupling as the neurophysiological locus of dissociation. Psychol Rev 2023; 130:183-210. [PMID: 35084921 PMCID: PMC10511303 DOI: 10.1037/rev0000353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests an association between aberrant sleep phenomena and dissociative experiences. However, no wake-sleep boundary theory provides a compelling explanation of dissociation or specifies its physiological substrates. We present a theoretical account of dissociation that integrates theories and empirical results from multiple lines of research concerning the domain of dissociation and the regulation of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. This theory posits that individual differences in the circuitry governing the REM sleep promoting Pedunculopontine Nucleus and Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus determine the degree of similarity in the cortical connectivity profiles of wakefulness and REM sleep. We propose that a latent trait characterized by elevated dissociative experiences emerges from the decoupling of frontal executive regions due to a REM sleep-like aminergic/cholinergic balance. The Pedunculopontine-Induced Cortical Decoupling Account of Dissociation (PICDAD) suggests multiple fruitful lines of inquiry and provides novel insights. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek M. Smith
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University
- Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive Neurology/Neuropsychology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Acunzo DJ, Terhune DB, Sharma A, Hickey CM. Absorption and dissociation mediate the relationship between direct verbal suggestibility and impulsivity/compulsivity. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2022; 231:103793. [PMID: 36402087 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct verbal suggestibility refers to the capacity for an individual to experience perceptual, motor, affective and cognitive changes in response to verbal suggestions. Suggestibility is characterized by pronounced, yet reliable, inter-individual differences. Previous research and theoretical considerations suggest that greater impulsivity and compulsivity is associated to higher suggestibility, but the characteristics and mediating factors of this association are poorly understood. Using established psychometric measures in an online sample, we found positive correlations between the domain comprising impulsivity, compulsivity and behavioural activation, and the domain of suggestibility, dissociation and absorption. We also observed that dissociation and absorption mediated the link between suggestibility and impulsivity, and between suggestibility and behavioural activation, respectively. These results confirm the positive link between suggestibility and the impulsivity/compulsivity domain and shed new light on the characterisation of traits associated with suggestibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Acunzo
- Centre for Human Brain Health, Department of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Devin B Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, New Cross, London SE14 6NW, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Ankita Sharma
- Human Neuroscience intercalated programme, Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Clayton M Hickey
- Centre for Human Brain Health, Department of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Warda S, Simola J, Terhune DB. Pupillometry tracks errors in interval timing. Behav Neurosci 2022; 136:495-502. [PMID: 36222640 PMCID: PMC9552500 DOI: 10.1037/bne0000533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent primate studies suggest a potential link between pupil size and subjectively elapsed duration. Here, we sought to investigate the relationship between pupil size and perceived duration in human participants performing two temporal bisection tasks in the subsecond and suprasecond interval ranges. In the subsecond task, pupil diameter was greater during stimulus processing when shorter intervals were overestimated but also during and after stimulus offset when longer intervals were underestimated. By contrast, in the suprasecond task, larger pupil diameter was observed only in the late stimulus offset phase prior to response prompts when longer intervals were underestimated. This pattern of results suggests that pupil diameter relates to an error monitoring mechanism in interval timing. These results are at odds with a direct relationship between pupil size and the perception of duration but suggest that pupillometric variation might play a key role in signifying errors related to temporal judgments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shamini Warda
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Millman LSM, Hunter ECM, David AS, Orgs G, Terhune DB. Assessing responsiveness to direct verbal suggestions in depersonalization-derealization disorder. Psychiatry Res 2022; 315:114730. [PMID: 35870293 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The dissociative disorders and germane conditions are reliably characterized by elevated responsiveness to direct verbal suggestions. However, it remains unclear whether atypical responsiveness to suggestion is similarly present in depersonalization-derealization disorder (DDD). 55 DDD patients and 36 healthy controls completed a standardised behavioural measure of direct verbal suggestibility that includes a correction for compliant responding (BSS-C), and psychometric measures of depersonalization-derealization (CDS), mindfulness (FFMQ), imagery vividness (VVIQ), and anxiety (GAD-7). Relative to controls, patients did not exhibit elevated suggestibility (g = 0.26, BF10 = .11) but displayed significantly lower mindfulness (g = 1.38), and imagery vividness (g = 0.63), and significantly greater anxiety (g = 1.39). Although suggestibility did not correlate with severity of depersonalization-derealization symptoms in controls, r = -.03 [95% CI: -.36, .30], there was a weak tendency for a positive association in patients, r = .25, [95% CI: -.03, .48]. Exploratory analyses revealed that patients with more severe anomalous bodily experiences were also more responsive to suggestion, an effect not seen in controls. This study demonstrates that DDD is not characterized by elevated responsiveness to direct verbal suggestions. These results have implications for the aetiology and treatment of this condition, as well as its classification as a dissociative disorder in psychiatric nosology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L S Merritt Millman
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, 8 Lewisham Way, New Cross, London SE14 6NW, United Kingdom.
| | - Elaine C M Hunter
- Institute of Mental Health, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Rd, Fitzrovia, London W1T 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony S David
- Institute of Mental Health, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Rd, Fitzrovia, London W1T 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Guido Orgs
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, 8 Lewisham Way, New Cross, London SE14 6NW, United Kingdom
| | - Devin B Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, 8 Lewisham Way, New Cross, London SE14 6NW, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AB, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Luke DP, Lungu L, Friday R, Terhune DB. The chemical induction of synaesthesia. Hum Psychopharmacol 2022; 37:e2832. [PMID: 35044677 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preliminary research suggests that experiences resembling synaesthesia are frequently reported under the influence of a diverse range of chemical substances although the incidence, chemical specificity, and characteristics of these effects are poorly understood. METHODS Here we surveyed recreational drug users and self-reported developmental synaesthetes regarding their use of 28 psychoactive drugs from 12 different drug classes and whether they had experienced synaesthesia under the influence of these substances. RESULTS The drug class of tryptamines exhibited the highest incidence rates of drug-induced synaesthesia in controls and induction rates of novel forms of synaesthesia in developmental synaesthetes. Induction incidence rates in controls were strongly correlated with the corresponding induction and enhancement rates in developmental synaesthetes. In addition, the use of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) was the strongest predictor of drug-induced synaesthesia in both controls and developmental synaesthetes. Clear evidence was observed for a clustering of synaesthesia-induction rates as a function of drug class in both groups, denoting non-random incidence rates within drug classes. Sound-colour synaesthesia was the most commonly observed type of induced synaesthesia. Further analyses suggest the presence of synaesthesia-prone individuals, who were more likely to experience drug-induced synaesthesia with multiple drugs. CONCLUSIONS These data corroborate the hypothesized link between drug-induced synaesthesia and serotoninergic activity, but also suggest the possibility of alternative neurochemical pathways involved in the induction of synaesthesia. They further imply that the induction and modulation of synaesthesia in controls and developmental synaesthetes share overlapping mechanisms and that certain individuals may be more susceptible to experiencing induced synaesthesia with different drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David P Luke
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Laura Lungu
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
| | - Ross Friday
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Devin B Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK.,Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wieder L, Brown RJ, Thompson T, Terhune DB. Hypnotic suggestibility in dissociative and related disorders: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 139:104751. [PMID: 35760389 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Elevated responsiveness to verbal suggestions is hypothesized to represent a predisposing factor for dissociative disorders (DDs) and related conditions. However, the magnitude of this effect has not been estimated in these populations nor has the potential moderating influence of methodological limitations on effect size variability across studies. This study assessed whether patients with DDs, trauma- and stressor-related disorders (TSDs), and functional neurological disorder (FND) display elevated hypnotic suggestibility. A systematic literature search identified 20 datasets. A random-effects meta-analysis revealed that patients displayed greater hypnotic suggestibility than controls, Hedges's g=0.92 [0.66, 1.18]. This effect was observed in all subgroups but was most pronounced in the DDs. Although there was some evidence for publication bias, a bias-corrected estimate of the group effect remained significant, g=0.57 [0.30, 0.85]. Moderation analyses did not yield evidence for a link between effect sizes and methodological limitations. These results demonstrate that DDs and related conditions are characterized by elevated hypnotic suggestibility and have implications for the mechanisms, risk factors, and treatment of dissociative psychopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Wieder
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
| | - Richard J Brown
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Psychotherapy Services, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, UK
| | - Trevor Thompson
- Centre for Chronic Illness and Ageing, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Devin B Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sadibolova R, Terhune DB. The temporal context in bayesian models of interval timing: Recent advances and future directions. Behav Neurosci 2022; 136:364-373. [PMID: 35737557 PMCID: PMC9552499 DOI: 10.1037/bne0000513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sensory perception, motor control, and cognition necessitate reliable timing in the range of milliseconds to seconds, which implies the existence of a highly accurate timing system. Yet, partly owing to the fact that temporal processing is modulated by contextual factors, perceived time is not isomorphic to physical time. Temporal estimates exhibit regression to the mean of an interval distribution (global context) and are also affected by preceding trials (local context). Recent Bayesian models of interval timing have provided important insights regarding these observations, but questions remain as to how exposure to past intervals shapes perceived time. In this article, we provide a brief overview of Bayesian models of interval timing and their contribution to current understanding of context effects. We then proceed to highlight recent developments in the field concerning precision weighting of Bayesian evidence in both healthy timing and disease and the neurophysiological and neurochemical signatures of timing prediction errors. We further aim to bring attention to current outstanding questions for Bayesian models of interval timing, such as the likelihood conceptualization.
Collapse
|
18
|
Barnier AJ, Terhune DB, Polito V, Woody EZ. A componential approach to individual differences in hypnotizability. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice 2022. [DOI: 10.1037/cns0000267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
19
|
Marcusson-Clavertz D, Persson SD, Cardeña E, Terhune DB, Gort C, Kuehner C. The contribution of latent factors of executive functioning to mind wandering: an experience sampling study. Cogn Res Princ Implic 2022; 7:34. [PMID: 35467232 PMCID: PMC9038971 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-022-00383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that individuals with greater executive resources spend less time mind wandering. Independent strands of research further suggest that this association depends on concentration and a guilty-dysphoric daydreaming style. However, it remains unclear whether this association is specific to particular features of executive functioning or certain operationalizations of mind wandering, including task-unrelated thoughts (TUTs, comprising external distractions and mind wandering) and stimulus-independent and task-unrelated thoughts (SITUTs, comprising mind wandering only). This study sought to clarify these associations by using confirmatory factor analysis to compute latent scores for distinct executive functions based on nine cognitive tasks and relating them to experience sampling reports of mind wandering. We expected that individuals with greater executive control (specifically updating) would show a stronger reduction in SITUTs as momentary concentration and guilty-dysphoric style increase. A bifactor model of the cognitive battery indicated a general factor (common executive functioning) and ancillary factors (updating and shifting). A significant interaction between updating and concentration on mind wandering was observed with mind wandering defined as TUTs, but not as SITUTs (N = 187). A post hoc analysis clarified this discrepancy by showing that as concentration increases, both external distractions and mind wandering decrease more strongly among people with greater updating. Moreover, common executive functioning predicted a more negative slope of guilty-dysphoric style on SITUTs, whereas updating and shifting predicted more positive slopes. The opposite slopes of these executive functions on daily life mind wandering may reflect a stability-flexibility trade-off between goal maintenance and goal replacement abilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Marcusson-Clavertz
- Department of Psychology, Linnaeus University, Hus L, Trummenvägen 11, 351 95, Växjö, Sweden. .,CERCAP, Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | - Etzel Cardeña
- CERCAP, Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Devin B Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
| | - Cassandra Gort
- Research Group Longitudinal and Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christine Kuehner
- Research Group Longitudinal and Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kekecs Z, Moss D, Elkins G, De Benedittis G, Palsson OS, Shenefelt PD, Terhune DB, Varga K, Whorwell PJ. Guidelines for the Assessment of Efficacy of Clinical Hypnosis Applications. Int J Clin Exp Hypn 2022; 70:104-122. [PMID: 35316157 DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2022.2049446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Research on the efficacy of hypnosis applications continues to grow, but there remain major gaps between the science and clinical practice. One challenge has been a lack of consensus on which applications of hypnosis are efficacious based on research evidence. In 2018, 6 major hypnosis organizations collaborated to form the Task Force for Establishing Efficacy Standards for Clinical Hypnosis. This paper describes a Guideline for the Assessment of Efficacy of Clinical Hypnosis Applications developed by the Task Force, which makes 10 specific recommendations. The guideline is intended to be a tool for those who want to assess the quality of existing evidence on the efficacy of clinical hypnosis for any particular indication. The paper also discusses methodological issues in the interpretation and implementation of these guidelines. Future papers will report on the other products of the Hypnosis Efficacy Task Force, such as best practice recommendations for outcomes research in hypnosis and an international survey of researchers and clinicians on current practice and attitudes about hypnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Kekecs
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Skåne, Sweden.,Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Donald Moss
- College of Integrative Medicine and Health Sciences, Saybrook University, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Gary Elkins
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | | | - Olafur S Palsson
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Philip D Shenefelt
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Devin B Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, UK
| | - Katalin Varga
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Geagea D, Griffin B, Kimble R, Polito V, Terhune DB, Tyack Z. Hypnotherapy for procedural pain, itch, and state anxiety in children with acute burns: a feasibility and acceptability study protocol. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2022; 8:58. [PMID: 35264248 PMCID: PMC8905723 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-022-01017-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Burns and related procedures are painful and distressing for children, exposing them to acute and chronic sequelae that can negatively affect their physiological, psychological, and social functions. Non-pharmacological interventions such as distraction techniques are beneficial adjuncts to pharmacological agents for procedural pain, state anxiety, and itch in children with burns but have limitations (e.g. lack of research on burn-related itch, tailoring, and consensus on optimal treatment). Hypnotherapy is a non-pharmacological intervention that can be tailored for varied settings and populations with evidence of benefit for itch and superior effectiveness in comparison to other non-pharmacological interventions for children’s procedural pain and state anxiety. Thus, children with burns can benefit from hypnotherapy as an adjunct to pharmacological agents. Yet, in paediatric burns, rigorous studies of effectiveness are limited and no studies have been identified that screen for hypnotic suggestibility, an important predictor of hypnotherapy outcomes. Considering potential barriers to the delivery of hypnotherapy in paediatric burns, the proposed study will examine the feasibility and acceptability of hypnotic suggestibility screening followed by hypnotherapy for procedural pain, state anxiety, and itch in children with acute burns. Methods An observational mixed-methods feasibility and acceptability study will be conducted over 15 weeks. Eligible children (N = 30) aged 4 to 16 years presenting to a paediatric burns outpatient centre in a metropolitan children’s hospital in Australia with acute burns requiring dressing changes will be included. Eligible parents of children (N = up to 30) and clinicians who perform dressing changes (N = up to 20) will also be included. Child participants screened as having medium to high suggestibility as assessed by behavioural measures will receive hypnotherapy during dressing changes. A process evaluation will target feasibility and acceptability as primary outcomes and implementation (i.e. fidelity in delivery), reach, potential effectiveness, and adoption of evaluation procedures and intervention as secondary outcomes. Discussion Ethical approval was obtained from the Queensland Children’s Hospital and Health Service ethics committee. Results will be published in peer-reviewed publications and conference proceedings. The findings will guide the design of future trials on the effectiveness of hypnotherapy and inform the development of child-centred hypnotic interventions in children with burns. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12620000988954 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40814-022-01017-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dali Geagea
- Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Centre for Children's Health Research, Level 7, 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia. .,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4067, Australia.
| | - Bronwyn Griffin
- Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Centre for Children's Health Research, Level 7, 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia.,Faculty of Health, School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4058, Australia.,Pegg Leditschke Paediatric Burns Centre, The Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Roy Kimble
- Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Centre for Children's Health Research, Level 7, 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4067, Australia.,Faculty of Health, School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4058, Australia.,Pegg Leditschke Paediatric Burns Centre, The Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Vince Polito
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Devin B Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths University of London, London, SE14 6NW, UK
| | - Zephanie Tyack
- Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Centre for Children's Health Research, Level 7, 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4067, Australia.,Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation (AusHSI) and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Polychroni N, Herrojo Ruiz M, Terhune DB. Introspection confidence predicts EEG decoding of self-generated thoughts and meta-awareness. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:2311-2327. [PMID: 35122359 PMCID: PMC8996352 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurophysiological bases of mind wandering (MW)-an experiential state wherein attention is disengaged from the external environment in favour of internal thoughts-and state meta-awareness are poorly understood. In parallel, the relationship between introspection confidence in experiential state judgements and neural representations remains unclear. Here, we recorded EEG while participants completed a listening task within which they made experiential state judgements and rated their confidence. Alpha power was reliably greater during MW episodes, with unaware MW further associated with greater delta and theta power. Multivariate pattern classification analysis revealed that MW and meta-awareness can be decoded from the distribution of power in these three frequency bands. Critically, we show that individual decoding accuracies positively correlate with introspection confidence. Our results reaffirm the role of alpha oscillations in MW, implicate lower frequencies in meta-awareness, and are consistent with the proposal that introspection confidence indexes neurophysiological discriminability of representational states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naya Polychroni
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
| | - Maria Herrojo Ruiz
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK.,Center for Cognition and Decision Making, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Devin B Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Piazza GG, Iskandar G, Hennessy V, Zhao H, Walsh K, McDonnell J, Terhune DB, Das RK, Kamboj SK. Pharmacological modelling of dissociation and psychosis: an evaluation of the Clinician Administered Dissociative States Scale and Psychotomimetic States Inventory during nitrous oxide ('laughing gas')-induced anomalous states. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:2317-2329. [PMID: 35348804 PMCID: PMC9205822 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE A significant obstacle to an improved understanding of pathological dissociative and psychosis-like states is the lack of readily implemented pharmacological models of these experiences. Ketamine has dissociative and psychotomimetic effects but can be difficult to use outside of medical and clinical-research facilities. Alternatively, nitrous oxide (N2O) - like ketamine, a dissociative anaesthetic and NMDAR antagonist - has numerous properties that make it an attractive alternative for modelling dissociation and psychosis. However, development and testing of such pharmacological models relies on well-characterized measurement instruments. OBJECTIVES To examine the factor structures of the Clinician Administered Dissociative States Scale (CADSS) and Psychotomimetic States Inventory (PSI) administered during N2O inhalation in healthy volunteers. METHODS Secondary analyses of data pooled from three previous N2O studies with healthy volunteers. RESULTS Effect sizes for N2O-induced dissociation and psychotomimesis were comparable to effects reported in experimental studies with sub-anaesthetic ketamine in healthy volunteers. Although, like ketamine, a three-factor representation of N2O-induced dissociation was confirmed, and a more parsimonious two-factor model might be more appropriate. Bayesian exploratory factor analysis suggested that N2O-induced psychosis-like symptoms were adequately represented by two negative and two positive symptom factors. Hierarchical cluster analysis indicated minimal item overlap between the CADSS and PSI. CONCLUSION N2O and ketamine produce psychometrically similar dissociative states, although parallels in their psychosis-like effects remain to be determined. The CADSS and PSI tap largely non-overlapping experiences under N2O and we propose the use of both measures (or similar instruments) to comprehensively assess anomalous subjective states produced by dissociative NMDAR antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia G. Piazza
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Georges Iskandar
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK ,grid.439749.40000 0004 0612 2754Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Vanessa Hennessy
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hannah Zhao
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Katie Walsh
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jeffrey McDonnell
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Devin B. Terhune
- grid.4464.20000 0001 2161 2573Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
| | - Ravi K. Das
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sunjeev K. Kamboj
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reliably identifying good placebo responders has pronounced implications for basic research on, and clinical applications of, the placebo response. Multiple studies point to direct verbal suggestibility as a potentially valuable predictor of individual differences in placebo responsiveness, but previous research has produced conflicting results on this association. METHODS In two double-blind studies, we examined whether behavioral direct verbal suggestibility measures involving a correction for compliance would be associated with individual differences in responsiveness to conditioned and unconditioned placebo hypoalgesia using an established placebo analgesia paradigm. In study 1 (n = 57; mean [standard deviation] age = 23.7 [8.1] years; 77% women), we used behavioral hypnotic suggestibility as a predictor of placebo hypoalgesia induced through conditioning and verbal suggestion, whereas in study 2 (n = 78; mean [standard deviation] = 26.1 [7.4] years; 65% women), we measured nonhypnotic suggestibility and placebo hypoalgesia induced through verbal suggestion without conditioning. RESULTS In study 1, the placebo hypoalgesia procedure yielded a moderate placebo response (g = 0.63 [95% confidence interval = 0.32 to 0.97]), but the response magnitude did not significantly correlate with hypnotic suggestibility (rs = 0.11 [-0.17 to 0.37]). In study 2, the placebo procedure did not yield a significant placebo response across the full sample (g = 0.11 [-0.11 to 0.33]), but the magnitude of individual placebo responsiveness significantly correlated with nonhypnotic suggestibility (rs = 0.27 [0.03 to 0.48]). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the extent to which direct verbal suggestibility captures variability in placebo responsiveness depends on the use of conditioning and highlights the utility of suggestibility as a potential contributing factor to placebo responding when placebo hypoalgesia is induced through verbal suggestions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Parsons
- From the Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths (Parsons, Bergmann, Terhune), University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology (Parsons), University of Bath, Bath, England; and Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging & Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Wiech), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Millman LSM, Hunter ECM, Orgs G, David AS, Terhune DB. Symptom variability in depersonalization-derealization disorder: A latent profile analysis. J Clin Psychol 2021; 78:637-655. [PMID: 34487354 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depersonalization-derealization disorder (DDD) is characterized by diverse symptomatology overlapping with anxiety and dissociative disorders, but the sources of this variability are poorly understood. This study aims to determine whether symptom heterogeneity is attributable to the presence of latent subgroups. METHOD We applied latent profile analysis to psychometric measures of anxiety, depersonalization-derealization, and dissociation in 303 DDD patients. RESULTS The analysis yielded evidence for five discrete subgroups: three of varying severity levels and two moderate-to-severe classes characterized by differential dissociative symptoms. The five classes reliably differed on several nondissociative symptoms, comorbidities, and factors precipitating their diagnosis but did not significantly differ in other symptoms including anxiety. CONCLUSION These results suggest the presence of three distinct DDD subtypes in the upper severity range that are distinguished by differential expression of detachment and compartmentalization symptoms. Further elucidation of these subtypes has potential implications for the etiology, mechanisms, and treatment of DDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guido Orgs
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
| | - Anthony S David
- Institute of Mental Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Devin B Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lungu L, Rothen N, Terhune DB. The time course of synaesthetic colour perception. Cortex 2021; 141:322-330. [PMID: 34126287 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Grapheme-colour synaesthesia is a neurodevelopmental condition wherein perception of numbers and letters consistently and involuntarily elicits concurrent experiences of colour photisms. Accumulating evidence suggests that heterogeneity in the visuospatial phenomenology of synaesthesia is attributable to the operation of top-down processes underlying photisms experienced as representations in associator synaesthetes and bottom-up processes subserving photisms experienced as spatially localized in projector synaesthetes. An untested corollary of this hypothesis is that bottom-up mechanisms will actuate earlier photism perception in projector than associator synaesthetes. We tested this prediction in a pre-registered study wherein associators and projectors completed adaptive temporal order judgement tasks for graphemes, colours, and photisms. In corroboration of the hypothesis of differential photism access across subtypes, projectors displayed lower photism colour thresholds than associators whereas the two subtypes did not significantly differ in veridical colour thresholds. Synaesthetes did not differ in grapheme or colour thresholds relative to non-synaesthete controls. These results are consistent with the proposal of differential neural mechanisms underlying photism perception in subtypes of grapheme-colour synaesthesia and warrant renewed attention to heterogeneity in the mechanisms and phenomenology of this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lungu
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, UK
| | - Nicolas Rothen
- Faculty of Psychology, Swiss Distance University Institute, Brig, Switzerland
| | - Devin B Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
A diverse array of studies has been devoted to understanding the neurochemical systems supporting responsiveness to hypnotic suggestions, with implications for experimental and clinical applications of hypnosis. However, this body of research has only rarely been integrated and critically evaluated and the prospects for the reliable pharmacological manipulation of hypnotic suggestibility remain poorly understood. Here we draw on pharmacological, genotyping, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological research to synthesize current knowledge regarding the potential role of multiple widely-studied neurochemicals in response to suggestion. Although we reveal multiple limitations with this body of evidence, we identify converging results implicating different neurochemical systems in response to hypnotic suggestion. We conclude by assessing the extent to which different results align or diverge and outline multiple avenues for future research. Elucidating the neurochemical systems underlying response to suggestion has the potential to significantly advance our understanding of suggestion.
Collapse
|
28
|
Wieder L, Brown R, Thompson T, Terhune DB. Suggestibility in functional neurological disorder: a meta-analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2021; 92:150-157. [PMID: 33219037 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-323706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Responsiveness to direct verbal suggestions (suggestibility) has long been hypothesised to represent a predisposing factor for functional neurological disorder (FND) but previous research has yielded conflicting results. The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate whether patients with FND display elevated suggestibility relative to controls via meta-analysis. METHODS Four electronic databases were searched in November 2019, with the search updated in April 2020, for original studies assessing suggestibility using standardised behavioural scales or suggestive symptom induction protocols in patients with FND (including somatisation disorder) and controls. The meta-analysis followed Cochrane, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and Meta-analyses Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. Data extraction and study quality coding were performed by two independent reviewers. Standardised suggestibility scores and responsiveness to symptom induction protocols were used to calculate standardised mean differences (SMDs) between groups. RESULTS Of 26 643 search results, 19 articles presenting 11 standardised suggestibility data sets (FND: n=316; control: n=360) and 11 symptom suggestibility data sets (FND: n=1285; control: n=1409) were included in random-effect meta-analyses. Meta-analyses revealed that patients with FND displayed greater suggestibility than controls on standardised behavioural scales (SMD, 0.48 (95% C, 0.15 to 0.81)) and greater responsiveness to suggestive symptom induction (SMD, 1.39 (95% CI 0.92 to 1.86)). Moderation analyses presented mixed evidence regarding the extent to which effect sizes covaried with methodological differences across studies. No evidence of publication bias was found. CONCLUSIONS These results corroborate the hypothesis that FND is characterised by heightened responsiveness to verbal suggestion. Atypical suggestibility may confer risk for FND and be a cognitive marker that can inform diagnosis and treatment of this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Wieder
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
| | - Richard Brown
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Trevor Thompson
- School of Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Devin B Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
The most well-established finding gleaned from decades of experimental hypnosis research is that individuals display marked variability in responsiveness to hypnotic suggestions. Insofar as this variability impacts both treatment outcome in therapeutic applications of hypnosis as well as responsiveness to suggestions in experimental contexts, it is imperative that clinicians and researchers use robust measures of hypnotic suggestibility. The current paper critically evaluates contemporary measures of hypnotic suggestibility. After reviewing the most widely used measures, we identify multiple properties of these instruments that result in the loss of valuable information, including binary scoring and single-trial sampling, and hinder their utility, such as the inclusion of suboptimal suggestion content. The scales are not well-suited for contemporary research questions and have outlived their usefulness. We conclude by outlining ways in which the measurement of hypnotic suggestibility can be advanced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Acunzo
- CIMeC-Centre for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento , Italy
| | - Devin B Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London , UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Jay Lynn
- Department of Psychology Binghamton University (SUNY) Binghamton New York
| | - Irving Kirsch
- Program in Placebo Studies Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Millman LSM, Terhune DB, Hunter ECM, Orgs G. Towards a neurocognitive approach to dance movement therapy for mental health: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Psychother 2020; 28:24-38. [PMID: 32539160 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Dance movement therapy (DMT) has become an increasingly recognized and used treatment, though primarily used to target psychological and physical well-being in individuals with physical, medical or neurological illnesses. To contribute to the relative lack of literature within the field of DMT for clinical mental health disorders, using a narrative synthesis, we review the scope of recent, controlled studies of DMT in samples with different psychiatric disorders including depression, schizophrenia, autism and somatoform disorder. A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, World of Science and Clinicaltrials.gov) was conducted to identify studies examining the effects of DMT in psychiatric populations. Fifteen studies were eligible for inclusion. After reviewing the principal results of the studies, we highlight strengths and weaknesses of this treatment approach and examine the potential efficacy of using bodily movements as a tool to reduce symptoms. We conclude by placing DMT within the context of contemporary cognitive neuroscience research, drawing out implications of such an orientation for future research and discussing potential mechanisms by which DMT might reduce psychiatric symptoms. DMT has clear potential as a treatment for a range of conditions and symptoms, and thus, further research on its utility is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Devin B Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Guido Orgs
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Introduction: Predictive coding models propose that high hypnotic suggestibility confers a predisposition to hallucinate due to an elevated propensity to weight perceptual beliefs (priors) over sensory evidence. Multiple lines of research corroborate this prediction and demonstrate a link between hypnotic suggestibility and proneness to anomalous perceptual states. However, such effects might be moderated by dissociative tendencies, which seem to account for heterogeneity in high hypnotic suggestibility. We tested the prediction that the prevalence of anomalous experiences would be greater among highly suggestible individuals who are also highly dissociative.Methods: We compared high and low dissociative highly suggestible participants and low suggestible controls on multiple psychometric measures of anomalous experiences.Results: High dissociative highly suggestible participants reliably reported greater anomalous experiences than low dissociative highly suggestible participants and low suggestible controls, who did not significantly differ from each other.Conclusions: These results suggest a greater predisposition to experience anomalous perceptual states among high dissociative highly suggestible individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Acunzo
- Centre for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Etzel Cardeña
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Devin B Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lungu L, Stewart R, Luke DP, Terhune DB. Primary visual cortex excitability is not atypical in acquired synaesthesia. Brain Stimul 2020; 13:341-342. [PMID: 31732472 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2019.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lungu
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, UK
| | - Ryan Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, UK
| | - David P Luke
- School of Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, UK
| | - Devin B Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yanakieva S, Polychroni N, Family N, Williams LTJ, Luke DP, Terhune DB. Correction to: The effects of microdose LSD on time perception: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:3803. [PMID: 33089876 PMCID: PMC7853006 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05682-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The manufacturer of the drug product was Onyx Scientific Limited UK, to cGMP standards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steliana Yanakieva
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, 8 Lewisham Way, New Cross, London, SE14 6NW UK
| | - Naya Polychroni
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, 8 Lewisham Way, New Cross, London, SE14 6NW UK
| | | | - Luke T. J. Williams
- Eleusis Pharmaceuticals Ltd, London, UK ,Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David P. Luke
- Department of Psychology, Social Work, & Counselling, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Devin B. Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, 8 Lewisham Way, New Cross, London, SE14 6NW UK ,Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypnotic suggestibility is elevated in the dissociative disorders but the relationship between dissociative tendencies and suggestibility in the general population seems to be constrained by additional factors. The diathesis-stress (DS) model stipulates that suggestibility interacts with trauma exposure to augment the propensity for dissociative states whereas the dual pathway to suggestibility (DPS) model proposes two developmental routes involving either dissociation preceded by trauma, or a healthy cognitive profile characterised by superior imagination. METHODS This study sought to discriminate between these partially competing accounts and further considered the moderating role of anxious attachment. 209 participants completed psychometric measures of dissociative tendencies, trauma, and attachment, and a behavioural measure of suggestibility. RESULTS In support of the DS model, trauma moderated the relationship between suggestibility and dissociation and, as predicted by the DPS model, dissociation moderated the relationship between trauma and suggestibility. Anxious attachment additionally moderated both effects. Model comparisons indicated that the DS model consistently provided a superior fit to the data. Further analyses showed that secure attachment independently predicted suggestibility, thereby supporting the non-dissociative pathway in the DPS model. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that high suggestibility confers vulnerability to dissociative states in individuals exposed to trauma and displaying an anxious attachment style.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Wieder
- a Department of Psychology , Goldsmiths, University of London , London , UK
| | - Devin B Terhune
- a Department of Psychology , Goldsmiths, University of London , London , UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Thompson T, Terhune DB, Oram C, Sharangparni J, Rouf R, Solmi M, Veronese N, Stubbs B. The effectiveness of hypnosis for pain relief: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 85 controlled experimental trials. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 99:298-310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
37
|
Yanakieva S, Polychroni N, Family N, Williams LTJ, Luke DP, Terhune DB. The effects of microdose LSD on time perception: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:1159-1170. [PMID: 30478716 PMCID: PMC6591199 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Previous research demonstrating that lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) produces alterations in time perception has implications for its impact on conscious states and a range of psychological functions that necessitate precise interval timing. However, interpretation of this research is hindered by methodological limitations and an inability to dissociate direct neurochemical effects on interval timing from indirect effects attributable to altered states of consciousness. METHODS We conducted a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study contrasting oral administration of placebo with three microdoses of LSD (5, 10, and 20 μg) in older adults. Subjective drug effects were regularly recorded and interval timing was assessed using a temporal reproduction task spanning subsecond and suprasecond intervals. RESULTS LSD conditions were not associated with any robust changes in self-report indices of perception, mentation, or concentration. LSD reliably produced over-reproduction of temporal intervals of 2000 ms and longer with these effects most pronounced in the 10 μg dose condition. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that LSD-mediated over-reproduction was independent of marginal differences in self-reported drug effects across conditions. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that microdose LSD produces temporal dilation of suprasecond intervals in the absence of subjective alterations of consciousness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steliana Yanakieva
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, 8 Lewisham Way, New Cross, London, SE14 6NW, UK
| | - Naya Polychroni
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, 8 Lewisham Way, New Cross, London, SE14 6NW, UK
| | | | - Luke T J Williams
- Eleusis Pharmaceuticals Ltd, London, UK
- Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David P Luke
- Department of Psychology, Social Work, & Counselling, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Devin B Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, 8 Lewisham Way, New Cross, London, SE14 6NW, UK.
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
This study evaluated factors underlying individual differences in spontaneous (unsuggested) experiences during hypnosis. Participants varying in hypnotizability (low, medium, and high) completed a questionnaire about various dimensions of consciousness they would expect to experience at the "deepest level of hypnosis" (expectancy), an eyes-closed resting condition (baseline), and their actual experiences during "neutral hypnosis" (hypnosis). Responses during hypnosis were characterized by higher scores in dimensions related to alterations in conscious experience, affect, and imagery, and lower scores in rationality and agency. Only highs and mediums evinced increases in altered experience and body image. Across conditions, highs reported greater alterations in time experience and lower self-awareness than other groups. Participants overall tended to overestimate the changes they would experience in hypnosis. Baseline and hypnosis correlated in various dimensions, including affect, arousal, and internal dialogue. After controlling for baseline scores and hypnotizability, expectancies correlated with some dimensions having to do with alterations in consciousness. In sum, spontaneous experiences during hypnosis are driven by response expectancies, hypnotizability, and baseline experiences, which show differential effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etzel Cardeña
- a CERCAP, Department of Psychology , Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Devin B Terhune
- b Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths , University of London , London , UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Popescu T, Sader E, Schaer M, Thomas A, Terhune DB, Dowker A, Mars RB, Cohen Kadosh R. The brain-structural correlates of mathematical expertise. Cortex 2018; 114:140-150. [PMID: 30424836 PMCID: PMC6996130 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies in several domains of expertise have established that experience-dependent plasticity brings about both functional and anatomical changes. However, little is known about how such changes come to shape the brain in the case of expertise acquired by professional mathematicians. Here, we aimed to identify cognitive and brain-structural (grey and white matter) characteristics of mathematicians as compared to non-mathematicians. Mathematicians and non-mathematician academics from the University of Oxford underwent structural and diffusion MRI scans, and were tested on a cognitive battery assessing working memory, attention, IQ, numerical and social skills. At the behavioural level, mathematical expertise was associated with better performance in domain-general and domain-specific dimensions. At the grey matter level, in a whole-brain analysis, behavioural performance correlated with grey matter density in left superior frontal gyrus – positively for mathematicians but negatively for non-mathematicians; in a region of interest analysis, we found in mathematicians higher grey matter density in the right superior parietal lobule, but lower grey matter density in the right intraparietal sulcus and in the left inferior frontal gyrus. In terms of white matter, there were no significant group differences in fractional anisotropy or mean diffusivity. These results reveal new insights into the relationship between mathematical expertise and grey matter metrics in brain regions previously implicated in numerical cognition, as well as in regions that have so far received less attention in this field. Further studies, based on longitudinal designs and cognitive training, could examine the conjecture that such cross-sectional findings arise from a bidirectional link between experience and structural brain changes that is itself subject to change across the lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tudor Popescu
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Integrative Neuroscience Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Elie Sader
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Integrative Neuroscience Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marie Schaer
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Adam Thomas
- Wellcome Integrative Neuroscience Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; FMRIF, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Devin B Terhune
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
| | - Ann Dowker
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rogier B Mars
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Integrative Neuroscience Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Roi Cohen Kadosh
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Integrative Neuroscience Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research on psychedelics and hypnosis demonstrates the value of both methods in the treatment of a range of psychopathologies with overlapping applications and neurophenomenological features. The potential of harnessing the power of suggestion to influence the phenomenological response to psychedelics toward more therapeutic action has remained unexplored in recent research and thereby warrants empirical attention. AIMS Here we aim to elucidate the phenomenological and neurophysiological similarities and dissimilarities between psychedelic states and hypnosis in order to revisit how contemporary knowledge may inform their conjunct usage in psychotherapy. METHODS We review recent advances in phenomenological and neurophysiological research on psychedelics and hypnosis, and we summarize early investigations on the coupling of psychedelics and hypnosis in scientific and therapeutic contexts. Results/outcomes: We highlight commonalities and differences between psychedelics and hypnosis that point to the potential efficacy of combining the two in psychotherapy. We propose multiple research paths for coupling these two phenomena at different stages in the preparation, acute phase and follow-up of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy in order to prepare, guide and integrate the psychedelic experience with the aim of enhancing therapeutic outcomes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Harnessing the power of suggestion to modulate response to psychedelics could enhance their therapeutic efficacy by helping to increase the likelihood of positive responses, including mystical-type experiences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Devin B Terhune
- 2 Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Terhune DB, Croucher M, Marcusson-Clavertz D, Macdonald JSP. Time contracts and temporal precision declines when the mind wanders. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 2018; 43:1864-1871. [PMID: 29072483 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0000461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Our perception of time varies considerably from moment to moment, but how this variability relates to endogenous fluctuations in attentional states has been neglected. Here, we tested the hypothesis that perceptual decoupling during spontaneous mind wandering episodes distorts interval timing. In two studies with different visual subsecond interval timing paradigms, participants judged their attentional state on a trial-by-trial basis. Mind wandering states were characterized by underestimation of temporal intervals and a decline in temporal discrimination. Further analyses suggested that temporal contraction during mind wandering, but not the decline in temporal discrimination, could be attributed in part to attentional lapses. By contrast, we did not find any robust evidence that metacognition pertaining to interval timing was altered during mind wandering states. These results highlight the role of transient fluctuations in attentional states in intraindividual variability in time perception and have implications for the perceptual consequences, behavioral markers, and costs and benefits, of mind wandering. (PsycINFO Database Record
Collapse
|
42
|
Terhune DB, Hedman LR. Metacognition of agency is reduced in high hypnotic suggestibility. Cognition 2017; 168:176-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2017.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
43
|
Jensen MP, Jamieson GA, Lutz A, Mazzoni G, McGeown WJ, Santarcangelo EL, Demertzi A, De Pascalis V, Bányai ÉI, Rominger C, Vuilleumier P, Faymonville ME, Terhune DB. New directions in hypnosis research: strategies for advancing the cognitive and clinical neuroscience of hypnosis. Neurosci Conscious 2017; 3:nix004. [PMID: 29034102 PMCID: PMC5635845 DOI: 10.1093/nc/nix004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This article summarizes key advances in hypnosis research during the past two decades, including (i) clinical research supporting the efficacy of hypnosis for managing a number of clinical symptoms and conditions, (ii) research supporting the role of various divisions in the anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortices in hypnotic responding, and (iii) an emerging finding that high hypnotic suggestibility is associated with atypical brain connectivity profiles. Key recommendations for a research agenda for the next decade include the recommendations that (i) laboratory hypnosis researchers should strongly consider how they assess hypnotic suggestibility in their studies, (ii) inclusion of study participants who score in the middle range of hypnotic suggestibility, and (iii) use of expanding research designs that more clearly delineate the roles of inductions and specific suggestions. Finally, we make two specific suggestions for helping to move the field forward including (i) the use of data sharing and (ii) redirecting resources away from contrasting state and nonstate positions toward studying (a) the efficacy of hypnotic treatments for clinical conditions influenced by central nervous system processes and (b) the neurophysiological underpinnings of hypnotic phenomena. As we learn more about the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying hypnosis and suggestion, we will strengthen our knowledge of both basic brain functions and a host of different psychological functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Jensen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Graham A Jamieson
- School of Behavioural, Cognitive, and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | | | | | - William J McGeown
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, UK
| | - Enrica L Santarcangelo
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Athena Demertzi
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France and Coma Science Group, GIGA Research, University and University hospital of Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Éva I Bányai
- Department of Psychology, University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Patrik Vuilleumier
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory for Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Devin B Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Terhune DB, Polito V, Barnier AJ, Woody EZ. Variations in the sense of agency during hypnotic responding: Insights from latent profile analysis. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice 2016. [DOI: 10.1037/cns0000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
45
|
Abstract
Although most definitions of hypnosis consider inductions as the initial stage in a hypnosis protocol, knowledge of inductions remains poor and uninformed by recent developments in theory and research. It is frequently argued that inductions play a critical role in hypnotic responding or, by contrast, are largely interchangeable and unimportant. Drawing on the literature on suggestibility, spontaneous phenomenology, neurophysiology, and cognition, this article argues that the value of inductions, as well as the potential value of inductions, is more nuanced and uncertain. Certain components of standard inductions appear to be efficacious in enhancing suggestibility, whereas others do not have any clear benefits. The impact of inductions on suggestibility seems to vary across suggestions and modes of assessment with the sources of this variability being unknown. Considering these effects, and the broader impact of inductions on spontaneous conscious states and cognition, through the lens of heterogeneity in high hypnotic suggestibility and componential models of hypnotic suggestibility may offer novel research avenues in this area. The article concludes by arguing for the practical and theory-driven optimization of inductions.
Collapse
|
46
|
Terhune DB, Luke DP, Kaelen M, Bolstridge M, Feilding A, Nutt D, Carhart-Harris R, Ward J. A placebo-controlled investigation of synaesthesia-like experiences under LSD. Neuropsychologia 2016; 88:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
47
|
Popescu T, Krause B, Terhune DB, Twose O, Page T, Humphreys G, Cohen Kadosh R. Transcranial random noise stimulation mitigates increased difficulty in an arithmetic learning task. Neuropsychologia 2015; 81:255-264. [PMID: 26731199 PMCID: PMC4749538 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proficiency in arithmetic learning can be achieved by using a multitude of strategies, the most salient of which are procedural learning (applying a certain set of computations) and rote learning (direct retrieval from long-term memory). Here we investigated the effect of transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), a non-invasive brain stimulation method previously shown to enhance cognitive training, on both types of learning in a 5-day sham-controlled training study, under two conditions of task difficulty, defined in terms of item repetition. On the basis of previous research implicating the prefrontal and posterior parietal cortex in early and late stages of arithmetic learning, respectively, sham-controlled tRNS was applied to bilateral prefrontal cortex for the first 3 days and to the posterior parietal cortex for the last 2 days of a 5-day training phase. The training involved learning to solve arithmetic problems by applying a calculation algorithm; both trained and untrained problems were used in a brief testing phase at the end of the training phase. Task difficulty was manipulated between subjects by using either a large ("easy" condition) or a small ("difficult" condition) number of repetition of problems during training. Measures of attention and working memory were acquired before and after the training phase. As compared to sham, participants in the tRNS condition displayed faster reaction times and increased learning rate during the training phase; as well as faster reaction times for both trained and untrained (new) problems, which indicated a transfer effect after the end of training. All stimulation effects reached significance only in the "difficult" condition when number of repetition was lower. There were no transfer effects of tRNS on attention or working memory. The results support the view that tRNS can produce specific facilitative effects on numerical cognition--specifically, on arithmetic learning. They also highlight the importance of task difficulty in the neuromodulation of learning, which in the current study due to the manipulation of item repetition might have being mediated by the memory system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tudor Popescu
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK.
| | - Beatrix Krause
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Devin B Terhune
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Olivia Twose
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Thomas Page
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Glyn Humphreys
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Roi Cohen Kadosh
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Terhune DB, Murray E, Near J, Stagg CJ, Cowey A, Cohen Kadosh R. Phosphene Perception Relates to Visual Cortex Glutamate Levels and Covaries with Atypical Visuospatial Awareness. Cereb Cortex 2015; 25:4341-50. [PMID: 25725043 PMCID: PMC4816785 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphenes are illusory visual percepts produced by the application of transcranial magnetic stimulation to occipital cortex. Phosphene thresholds, the minimum stimulation intensity required to reliably produce phosphenes, are widely used as an index of cortical excitability. However, the neural basis of phosphene thresholds and their relationship to individual differences in visual cognition are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the neurochemical basis of phosphene perception by measuring basal GABA and glutamate levels in primary visual cortex using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We further examined whether phosphene thresholds would relate to the visuospatial phenomenology of grapheme-color synesthesia, a condition characterized by atypical binding and involuntary color photisms. Phosphene thresholds negatively correlated with glutamate concentrations in visual cortex, with lower thresholds associated with elevated glutamate. This relationship was robust, present in both controls and synesthetes, and exhibited neurochemical, topographic, and threshold specificity. Projector synesthetes, who experience color photisms as spatially colocalized with inducing graphemes, displayed lower phosphene thresholds than associator synesthetes, who experience photisms as internal images, with both exhibiting lower thresholds than controls. These results suggest that phosphene perception is driven by interindividual variation in glutamatergic activity in primary visual cortex and relates to cortical processes underlying individual differences in visuospatial awareness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devin B Terhune
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth Murray
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jamie Near
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Charlotte J Stagg
- Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alan Cowey
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Roi Cohen Kadosh
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Terhune DB, Song SM, Cohen Kadosh R. Transcranial alternating current stimulation reveals atypical 40 Hz phosphene thresholds in synaesthesia. Cortex 2015; 63:267-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
50
|
Terhune DB, Cardeña E. Heterogeneity in high hypnotic suggestibility and the neurophysiology of hypnosis. Neurophysiol Clin 2014; 45:177-8. [PMID: 25457214 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D B Terhune
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - E Cardeña
- CERCAP, Department of Psychology, Lund University, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|