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Abstract
How often a researcher is cited usually plays a decisive role in that person's career advancement, because academic institutions often use citation metrics, either explicitly or implicitly, to estimate research impact and productivity. Research has shown, however, that citation patterns and practices are affected by various biases, including the prestige of the authors being cited and their gender, race, and nationality, whether self-attested or perceived. Some commentators have proposed that researchers can address biases related to social identity or position by including a Citation Diversity Statement in a manuscript submitted for publication. A Citation Diversity Statement is a paragraph placed before the reference section of a manuscript in which the authors address the diversity and equitability of their references in terms of gender, race, ethnicity, or other factors and affirm a commitment to promoting equity and diversity in sources and references. The present commentary considers arguments in favor of Citation Diversity Statements, and some practical and ethical issues that these statements raise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisha S Ray
- McGovern Center For Humanities & Ethics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Perry Zurn
- Department of Philosophy and Religion, American University, Washington, Washington DC, USA
| | - Jordan D Dworkin
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Departments of Bioengineering, Electrical & Systems Engineering, Physics and Astronomy, Neurology, and Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania; and the Santa Fe Institute, Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - David B Resnik
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, New York, New York, USA
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Kenett YN, Chrysikou EG, Bassett DS, Thompson-Schill SL. Neural Dynamics During the Generation and Evaluation of Creative and Non-Creative Ideas. bioRxiv 2024:2024.04.15.589621. [PMID: 38659810 PMCID: PMC11042297 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.15.589621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
What are the neural dynamics that drive creative thinking? Recent studies have provided much insight into the neural mechanisms of creative thought. Specifically, the interaction between the executive control, default mode, and salience brain networks has been shown to be an important marker of individual differences in creative ability. However, how these different brain systems might be recruited dynamically during the two key components of the creative process-generation and evaluation of ideas-remains far from understood. In the current study we applied state-of-the-art network neuroscience methodologies to examine the neural dynamics related to the generation and evaluation of creative and non-creative ideas using a novel within-subjects design. Participants completed two functional magnetic resonance imaging sessions, taking place a week apart. In the first imaging session, participants generated either creative (alternative uses) or non-creative (common characteristics) responses to common objects. In the second imaging session, participants evaluated their own creative and non-creative responses to the same objects. Network neuroscience methods were applied to examine and directly compare reconfiguration, integration, and recruitment of brain networks during these four conditions. We found that generating creative ideas led to significantly higher network reconfiguration than generating non-creative ideas, whereas evaluating creative and non-creative ideas led to similar levels of network integration. Furthermore, we found that these differences were attributable to different dynamic patterns of neural activity across the executive control, default mode, and salience networks. This study is the first to show within-subject differences in neural dynamics related to generating and evaluating creative and non-creative ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoed N Kenett
- Faculty of Data and Decision Sciences, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, 3200003
| | - Evangelia G Chrysikou
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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3
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Xia X, Klishin AA, Stiso J, Lynn CW, Kahn AE, Caciagli L, Bassett DS. Human learning of hierarchical graphs. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:044305. [PMID: 38755869 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.044305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to sequences of events in the environment, and the interevent transition probabilities in these sequences can be modeled as a graph or network. Many real-world networks are organized hierarchically and while much is known about how humans learn basic transition graph topology, whether and to what degree humans can learn hierarchical structures in such graphs remains unknown. We probe the mental estimates of transition probabilities via the surprisal effect phenomenon: humans react more slowly to less expected transitions. Using mean-field predictions and numerical simulations, we show that surprisal effects are stronger for finer-level than coarser-level hierarchical transitions, and that surprisal effects at coarser levels are difficult to detect for limited learning times or in small samples. Using a serial response experiment with human participants (n=100), we replicate our predictions by detecting a surprisal effect at the finer level of the hierarchy but not at the coarser level of the hierarchy. We then evaluate the presence of a trade-off in learning, whereby humans who learned the finer level of the hierarchy better also tended to learn the coarser level worse, and vice versa. This study elucidates the processes by which humans learn sequential events in hierarchical contexts. More broadly, our work charts a road map for future investigation of the neural underpinnings and behavioral manifestations of graph learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Xia
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Andrei A Klishin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer Stiso
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Christopher W Lynn
- Department of Physics, Quantitative Biology Institute, and Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Initiative for the Theoretical Sciences, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Ari E Kahn
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Lorenzo Caciagli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501, USA
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Murphy KA, Bassett DS. Information decomposition in complex systems via machine learning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2312988121. [PMID: 38498714 PMCID: PMC10990158 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312988121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the fundamental steps toward understanding a complex system is identifying variation at the scale of the system's components that is most relevant to behavior on a macroscopic scale. Mutual information provides a natural means of linking variation across scales of a system due to its independence of functional relationship between observables. However, characterizing the manner in which information is distributed across a set of observables is computationally challenging and generally infeasible beyond a handful of measurements. Here, we propose a practical and general methodology that uses machine learning to decompose the information contained in a set of measurements by jointly optimizing a lossy compression of each measurement. Guided by the distributed information bottleneck as a learning objective, the information decomposition identifies the variation in the measurements of the system state most relevant to specified macroscale behavior. We focus our analysis on two paradigmatic complex systems: a Boolean circuit and an amorphous material undergoing plastic deformation. In both examples, the large amount of entropy of the system state is decomposed, bit by bit, in terms of what is most related to macroscale behavior. The identification of meaningful variation in data, with the full generality brought by information theory, is made practical for studying the connection between micro- and macroscale structure in complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran A. Murphy
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Dani S. Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM87501
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Wang X, McGowan AL, Fosco GM, Falk EB, Bassett DS, Lydon-Staley DM. A socioemotional network perspective on momentary experiences of family conflict in young adults. Fam Process 2024. [PMID: 38529525 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Family conflict is an established predictor of psychopathology in youth. Traditional approaches focus on between-family differences in conflict. Daily fluctuations in conflict within families might also impact psychopathology, but more research is needed to understand how and why. Using 21 days of daily diary data and 6-times a day experience-sampling data (N = 77 participants; mean age = 21.18, SD = 1.75; 63 women, 14 men), we captured day-to-day and within-day fluctuations in family conflict, anger, anxiety, and sadness. Using multilevel models, we find that days of higher-than-usual anger are also days of higher-than-usual family conflict. Examining associations between family conflict and emotions within days, we find that moments of higher-than-usual anger predict higher-than-usual family conflict later in the day. We observe substantial between-family differences in these patterns with implications for psychopathology; youth showing the substantial interplay between family conflict and emotions across time had a more perseverative family conflict and greater trait anxiety. Overall, findings indicate the importance of increases in youth anger for experiences of family conflict during young adulthood and demonstrate how intensive repeated measures coupled with network analytic approaches can capture long-theorized notions of reciprocal processes in daily family life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amanda L McGowan
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gregory M Fosco
- Human Development & Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
- The Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily B Falk
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Marketing Department, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
| | - David M Lydon-Staley
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Shafiei G, Keller AS, Bertolero M, Shanmugan S, Bassett DS, Chen AA, Covitz S, Houghton A, Luo A, Mehta K, Salo T, Shinohara RT, Fair D, Hallquist MN, Satterthwaite TD. Generalizable Links Between Borderline Personality Traits and Functional Connectivity. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)01140-5. [PMID: 38460580 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.02.1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD) often manifest during adolescence, but the underlying relationship between these debilitating symptoms and the development of functional brain networks is not well understood. Here, we aimed to investigate how multivariate patterns of functional connectivity are associated with borderline personality traits in large samples of young adults and adolescents. METHODS We used functional magnetic resonance imaging data from young adults and adolescents from the HCP-YA (Human Connectome Project Young Adult) (n = 870, ages 22-37 years, 457 female) and the HCP-D (Human Connectome Project Development) (n = 223, ages 16-21 years, 121 female). A previously validated BPD proxy score was derived from the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. A ridge regression model with cross-validation and nested hyperparameter tuning was trained and tested in HCP-YA to predict BPD scores in unseen data from regional functional connectivity. The trained model was further tested on data from HCP-D without further tuning. Finally, we tested how the connectivity patterns associated with BPD aligned with age-related changes in connectivity. RESULTS Multivariate functional connectivity patterns significantly predicted out-of-sample BPD scores in unseen data in young adults (HCP-YA ppermuted = .001) and older adolescents (HCP-D ppermuted = .001). Regional predictive capacity was heterogeneous; the most predictive regions were found in functional systems relevant for emotion regulation and executive function, including the ventral attention network. Finally, regional functional connectivity patterns that predicted BPD scores aligned with those associated with development in youth. CONCLUSIONS Individual differences in functional connectivity in developmentally sensitive regions are associated with borderline personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golia Shafiei
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Lifespan Brain Institute of Perelman School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Arielle S Keller
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Lifespan Brain Institute of Perelman School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maxwell Bertolero
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Lifespan Brain Institute of Perelman School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sheila Shanmugan
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Lifespan Brain Institute of Perelman School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico
| | - Andrew A Chen
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sydney Covitz
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Lifespan Brain Institute of Perelman School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Audrey Houghton
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Audrey Luo
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Lifespan Brain Institute of Perelman School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kahini Mehta
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Lifespan Brain Institute of Perelman School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Taylor Salo
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Lifespan Brain Institute of Perelman School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Damien Fair
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Institute of Child Development, College of Education and Human Development, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Michael N Hallquist
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Lifespan Brain Institute of Perelman School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Lubben N, Brynildsen JK, Webb CM, Li HL, Leyns CEG, Changolkar L, Zhang B, Meymand ES, O'Reilly M, Madaj Z, DeWeerd D, Fell MJ, Lee VMY, Bassett DS, Henderson MX. LRRK2 kinase inhibition reverses G2019S mutation-dependent effects on tau pathology progression. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:13. [PMID: 38438877 PMCID: PMC10910783 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common cause of familial Parkinson's disease (PD). These mutations elevate the LRRK2 kinase activity, making LRRK2 kinase inhibitors an attractive therapeutic. LRRK2 kinase activity has been consistently linked to specific cell signaling pathways, mostly related to organelle trafficking and homeostasis, but its relationship to PD pathogenesis has been more difficult to define. LRRK2-PD patients consistently present with loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra but show variable development of Lewy body or tau tangle pathology. Animal models carrying LRRK2 mutations do not develop robust PD-related phenotypes spontaneously, hampering the assessment of the efficacy of LRRK2 inhibitors against disease processes. We hypothesized that mutations in LRRK2 may not be directly related to a single disease pathway, but instead may elevate the susceptibility to multiple disease processes, depending on the disease trigger. To test this hypothesis, we have previously evaluated progression of α-synuclein and tau pathologies following injection of proteopathic seeds. We demonstrated that transgenic mice overexpressing mutant LRRK2 show alterations in the brain-wide progression of pathology, especially at older ages. METHODS Here, we assess tau pathology progression in relation to long-term LRRK2 kinase inhibition. Wild-type or LRRK2G2019S knock-in mice were injected with tau fibrils and treated with control diet or diet containing LRRK2 kinase inhibitor MLi-2 targeting the IC50 or IC90 of LRRK2 for 3-6 months. Mice were evaluated for tau pathology by brain-wide quantitative pathology in 844 brain regions and subsequent linear diffusion modeling of progression. RESULTS Consistent with our previous work, we found systemic alterations in the progression of tau pathology in LRRK2G2019S mice, which were most pronounced at 6 months. Importantly, LRRK2 kinase inhibition reversed these effects in LRRK2G2019S mice, but had minimal effect in wild-type mice, suggesting that LRRK2 kinase inhibition is likely to reverse specific disease processes in G2019S mutation carriers. Additional work may be necessary to determine the potential effect in non-carriers. CONCLUSIONS This work supports a protective role of LRRK2 kinase inhibition in G2019S carriers and provides a rational workflow for systematic evaluation of brain-wide phenotypes in therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Lubben
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Julia K Brynildsen
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Connor M Webb
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Howard L Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Cheryl E G Leyns
- Neuroscience Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lakshmi Changolkar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Emily S Meymand
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mia O'Reilly
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zach Madaj
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave., NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Daniella DeWeerd
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Matthew J Fell
- Neuroscience Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Virginia M Y Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, 87501, USA
| | - Michael X Henderson
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA.
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Tu D, Wrobel J, Satterthwaite TD, Goldsmith J, Gur RC, Gur RE, Gertheiss J, Bassett DS, Shinohara RT. Regression and Alignment for Functional Data and Network Topology. bioRxiv 2024:2023.07.13.548836. [PMID: 37503017 PMCID: PMC10370026 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.13.548836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
In the brain, functional connections form a network whose topological organization can be described by graph-theoretic network diagnostics. These include characterizations of the community structure, such as modularity and participation coefficient, which have been shown to change over the course of childhood and adolescence. To investigate if such changes in the functional network are associated with changes in cognitive performance during development, network studies often rely on an arbitrary choice of pre-processing parameters, in particular the proportional threshold of network edges. Because the choice of parameter can impact the value of the network diagnostic, and therefore downstream conclusions, we propose to circumvent that choice by conceptualizing the network diagnostic as a function of the parameter. As opposed to a single value, a network diagnostic curve describes the connectome topology at multiple scales-from the sparsest group of the strongest edges to the entire edge set. To relate these curves to executive function and other covariates, we use scalar-on-function regression, which is more flexible than previous functional data-based models used in network neuroscience. We then consider how systematic differences between networks can manifest in misalignment of diagnostic curves, and consequently propose a supervised curve alignment method that incorporates auxiliary information from other variables. Our algorithm performs both functional regression and alignment via an iterative, penalized, and nonlinear likelihood optimization. The illustrated method has the potential to improve the interpretability and generalizability of neuroscience studies where the goal is to study heterogeneity among a mixture of function- and scalar-valued measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Tu
- The Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Endeavor (PennSIVE), Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julia Wrobel
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Theodore D. Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeff Goldsmith
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
- The Penn Medicine-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
- The Penn Medicine-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jan Gertheiss
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, School of Economics and Social Sciences, Helmut Schmidt University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dani S. Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Russell T. Shinohara
- The Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Endeavor (PennSIVE), Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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9
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Ross LN, Bassett DS. Causation in neuroscience: keeping mechanism meaningful. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:81-90. [PMID: 38212413 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00778-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
A fundamental goal of research in neuroscience is to uncover the causal structure of the brain. This focus on causation makes sense, because causal information can provide explanations of brain function and identify reliable targets with which to understand cognitive function and prevent or change neurological conditions and psychiatric disorders. In this research, one of the most frequently used causal concepts is 'mechanism' - this is seen in the literature and language of the field, in grant and funding inquiries that specify what research is supported, and in journal guidelines on which contributions are considered for publication. In these contexts, mechanisms are commonly tied to expressions of the main aims of the field and cited as the 'fundamental', 'foundational' and/or 'basic' unit for understanding the brain. Despite its common usage and perceived importance, mechanism is used in different ways that are rarely distinguished. Given that this concept is defined in different ways throughout the field - and that there is often no clarification of which definition is intended - there remains a marked ambiguity about the fundamental goals, orientation and principles of the field. Here we provide an overview of causation and mechanism from the perspectives of neuroscience and philosophy of science, in order to address these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N Ross
- Department of Logic and Philosophy of Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
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10
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Astle DE, Bassett DS, Viding E. Understanding divergence: Placing developmental neuroscience in its dynamic context. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 157:105539. [PMID: 38211738 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Neurodevelopment is not merely a process of brain maturation, but an adaptation to constraints unique to each individual and to the environments we co-create. However, our theoretical and methodological toolkits often ignore this reality. There is growing awareness that a shift is needed that allows us to study divergence of brain and behaviour across conventional categorical boundaries. However, we argue that in future our study of divergence must also incorporate the developmental dynamics that capture the emergence of those neurodevelopmental differences. This crucial step will require adjustments in study design and methodology. If our ultimate aim is to incorporate the developmental dynamics that capture how, and ultimately when, divergence takes place then we will need an analytic toolkit equal to these ambitions. We argue that the over reliance on group averages has been a conceptual dead-end with regard to the neurodevelopmental differences. This is in part because any individual differences and developmental dynamics are inevitably lost within the group average. Instead, analytic approaches which are themselves new, or simply newly applied within this context, may allow us to shift our theoretical and methodological frameworks from groups to individuals. Likewise, methods capable of modelling complex dynamic systems may allow us to understand the emergent dynamics only possible at the level of an interacting neural system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan E Astle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Departments of Bioengineering, Electrical & Systems Engineering, Physics & Astronomy, Neurology, and Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, United States; The Santa Fe Institute, United States
| | - Essi Viding
- Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom
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11
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Ouellet M, Kim JZ, Guillaume H, Shaffer SM, Bassett LC, Bassett DS. Breaking reflection symmetry: evolving long dynamical cycles in Boolean systems. New J Phys 2024; 26:023006. [PMID: 38327877 PMCID: PMC10845163 DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/ad1bdd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
In interacting dynamical systems, specific local interaction rules for system components give rise to diverse and complex global dynamics. Long dynamical cycles are a key feature of many natural interacting systems, especially in biology. Examples of dynamical cycles range from circadian rhythms regulating sleep to cell cycles regulating reproductive behavior. Despite the crucial role of cycles in nature, the properties of network structure that give rise to cycles still need to be better understood. Here, we use a Boolean interaction network model to study the relationships between network structure and cyclic dynamics. We identify particular structural motifs that support cycles, and other motifs that suppress them. More generally, we show that the presence of dynamical reflection symmetry in the interaction network enhances cyclic behavior. In simulating an artificial evolutionary process, we find that motifs that break reflection symmetry are discarded. We further show that dynamical reflection symmetries are over-represented in Boolean models of natural biological systems. Altogether, our results demonstrate a link between symmetry and functionality for interacting dynamical systems, and they provide evidence for symmetry's causal role in evolving dynamical functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Ouellet
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Jason Z Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Harmange Guillaume
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Cell and Molecular Biology Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Sydney M Shaffer
- Cell and Molecular Biology Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Biological Engineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Lee C Bassett
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
- Department of Biological Engineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, United States of America
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12
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Cieslak M, Cook PA, Shafiei G, Tapera TM, Radhakrishnan H, Elliott M, Roalf DR, Oathes DJ, Bassett DS, Tisdall MD, Rokem A, Grafton ST, Satterthwaite TD. Diffusion MRI head motion correction methods are highly accurate but impacted by denoising and sampling scheme. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26570. [PMID: 38339908 PMCID: PMC10826632 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Head motion correction is particularly challenging in diffusion-weighted MRI (dMRI) scans due to the dramatic changes in image contrast at different gradient strengths and directions. Head motion correction is typically performed using a Gaussian Process model implemented in FSL's Eddy. Recently, the 3dSHORE-based SHORELine method was introduced that does not require shell-based acquisitions, but it has not been previously benchmarked. Here we perform a comprehensive evaluation of both methods on realistic simulations of a software fiber phantom that provides known ground-truth head motion. We demonstrate that both methods perform remarkably well, but that performance can be impacted by sampling scheme and the extent of head motion and the denoising strategy applied before head motion correction. Furthermore, we find Eddy benefits from denoising the data first with MP-PCA. In sum, we provide the most extensive known benchmarking of dMRI head motion correction, together with extensive simulation data and a reproducible workflow. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Both Eddy and SHORELine head motion correction methods performed quite well on a large variety of simulated data. Denoising with MP-PCA can improve head motion correction performance when Eddy is used. SHORELine effectively corrects motion in non-shelled diffusion spectrum imaging data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Cieslak
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging CenterUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
| | - Philip A. Cook
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
| | - Golia Shafiei
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging CenterUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
| | - Tinashe M. Tapera
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging CenterUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
| | - Hamsanandini Radhakrishnan
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging CenterUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
| | - Mark Elliott
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
| | - David R. Roalf
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
| | - Desmond J. Oathes
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
| | - Dani S. Bassett
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
- Department of Electrical and Systems EngineeringUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
- Sante Fe InstituteSanta FeNew MexicoUnited States
| | - M. Dylan Tisdall
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
| | - Ariel Rokem
- Department of Psychology and the eScience InstituteUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUnited States
| | - Scott T. Grafton
- Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesUniversity of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCaliforniaUnited States
| | - Theodore D. Satterthwaite
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging CenterUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
- Penn‐CHOP Lifespan Brain InstitutePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUnited States
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13
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Malkinson TS, Terhune DB, Kollamkulam M, Guerreiro MJ, Bassett DS, Makin TR. Correction: Gender imbalances in the editorial activities of a selective journal run by academic editors. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297480. [PMID: 38232113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294805.].
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14
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Nozari E, Bertolero MA, Stiso J, Caciagli L, Cornblath EJ, He X, Mahadevan AS, Pappas GJ, Bassett DS. Macroscopic resting-state brain dynamics are best described by linear models. Nat Biomed Eng 2024; 8:68-84. [PMID: 38082179 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01117-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
It is typically assumed that large networks of neurons exhibit a large repertoire of nonlinear behaviours. Here we challenge this assumption by leveraging mathematical models derived from measurements of local field potentials via intracranial electroencephalography and of whole-brain blood-oxygen-level-dependent brain activity via functional magnetic resonance imaging. We used state-of-the-art linear and nonlinear families of models to describe spontaneous resting-state activity of 700 participants in the Human Connectome Project and 122 participants in the Restoring Active Memory project. We found that linear autoregressive models provide the best fit across both data types and three performance metrics: predictive power, computational complexity and the extent of the residual dynamics unexplained by the model. To explain this observation, we show that microscopic nonlinear dynamics can be counteracted or masked by four factors associated with macroscopic dynamics: averaging over space and over time, which are inherent to aggregated macroscopic brain activity, and observation noise and limited data samples, which stem from technological limitations. We therefore argue that easier-to-interpret linear models can faithfully describe macroscopic brain dynamics during resting-state conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Nozari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Maxwell A Bertolero
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Stiso
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lorenzo Caciagli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eli J Cornblath
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaosong He
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arun S Mahadevan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - George J Pappas
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA.
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15
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Tu D, Mahony B, Moore TM, Bertolero MA, Alexander-Bloch AF, Gur R, Bassett DS, Satterthwaite TD, Raznahan A, Shinohara RT. CoCoA: conditional correlation models with association size. Biostatistics 2023; 25:154-170. [PMID: 35939558 PMCID: PMC10724258 DOI: 10.1093/biostatistics/kxac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many scientific questions can be formulated as hypotheses about conditional correlations. For instance, in tests of cognitive and physical performance, the trade-off between speed and accuracy motivates study of the two variables together. A natural question is whether speed-accuracy coupling depends on other variables, such as sustained attention. Classical regression techniques, which posit models in terms of covariates and outcomes, are insufficient to investigate the effect of a third variable on the symmetric relationship between speed and accuracy. In response, we propose a conditional correlation model with association size, a likelihood-based statistical framework to estimate the conditional correlation between speed and accuracy as a function of additional variables. We propose novel measures of the association size, which are analogous to effect sizes on the correlation scale while adjusting for confound variables. In simulation studies, we compare likelihood-based estimators of conditional correlation to semiparametric estimators adapted from genomic studies and find that the former achieves lower bias and variance under both ideal settings and model assumption misspecification. Using neurocognitive data from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, we demonstrate that greater sustained attention is associated with stronger speed-accuracy coupling in a complex reasoning task while controlling for age. By highlighting conditional correlations as the outcome of interest, our model provides complementary insights to traditional regression modeling and partitioned correlation analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Tu
- The Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Endeavor (PennSIVE), Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Bridget Mahony
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, National Institutes of Mental Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Maxwell A Bertolero
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, 3700 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Ruben Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA, Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 200 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA and Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Armin Raznahan
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, National Institutes of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- The Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Endeavor (PennSIVE), Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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16
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Seidel Malkinson T, Terhune DB, Kollamkulam M, Guerreiro MJ, Bassett DS, Makin TR. Gender imbalances in the editorial activities of a selective journal run by academic editors. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294805. [PMID: 38079414 PMCID: PMC10712860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The fairness of decisions made at various stages of the publication process is an important topic in meta-research. Here, based on an analysis of data on the gender of authors, editors and reviewers for 23,876 initial submissions and 7,192 full submissions to the journal eLife, we report on five stages of the publication process. We find that the board of reviewing editors (BRE) is men-dominant (69%) and that authors disproportionately suggest male editors when making an initial submission. We do not find evidence for gender bias when Senior Editors consult Reviewing Editors about initial submissions, but women Reviewing Editors are less engaged in discussions about these submissions than expected by their proportion. We find evidence of gender homophily when Senior Editors assign full submissions to Reviewing Editors (i.e., men are more likely to assign full submissions to other men (77% compared to the base assignment rate to men RE of 70%), and likewise for women (41% compared to women RE base assignment rate of 30%))). This tendency was stronger in more gender-balanced scientific disciplines. However, we do not find evidence for gender bias when authors appeal decisions made by editors to reject submissions. Together, our findings confirm that gender disparities exist along the editorial process and suggest that merely increasing the proportion of women might not be sufficient to eliminate this bias. Measures accounting for women's circumstances and needs (e.g., delaying discussions until all RE are engaged) and raising editorial awareness to women's needs may be essential to increasing gender equity and enhancing academic publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Seidel Malkinson
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau ‐ Paris Brain Institute ‐ ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Devin B. Terhune
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew Kollamkulam
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dani S. Bassett
- Departments of Bioengineering, Electrical & Systems Engineering, Physics & Astronomy, Neurology, and Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, United States of America
| | - Tamar R. Makin
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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17
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Kang Y, Ahn J, Cosme D, Mwilambwe-Tshilobo L, McGowan A, Zhou D, Boyd ZM, Jovanova M, Stanoi O, Mucha PJ, Ochsner KN, Bassett DS, Lydon-Staley D, Falk EB. Frontoparietal functional connectivity moderates the link between time spent on social media and subsequent negative affect in daily life. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20501. [PMID: 37993522 PMCID: PMC10665348 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence on the harms and benefits of social media use is mixed, in part because the effects of social media on well-being depend on a variety of individual difference moderators. Here, we explored potential neural moderators of the link between time spent on social media and subsequent negative affect. We specifically focused on the strength of correlation among brain regions within the frontoparietal system, previously associated with the top-down cognitive control of attention and emotion. Participants (N = 54) underwent a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. Participants then completed 28 days of ecological momentary assessment and answered questions about social media use and negative affect, twice a day. Participants who spent more than their typical amount of time on social media since the previous time point reported feeling more negative at the present moment. This within-person temporal association between social media use and negative affect was mainly driven by individuals with lower resting state functional connectivity within the frontoparietal system. By contrast, time spent on social media did not predict subsequent affect for individuals with higher frontoparietal functional connectivity. Our results highlight the moderating role of individual functional neural connectivity in the relationship between social media and affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoona Kang
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Camden, NJ, 08102, USA.
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Jeesung Ahn
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Danielle Cosme
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Amanda McGowan
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Dale Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zachary M Boyd
- Department of Mathematics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84604, USA
| | - Mia Jovanova
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ovidia Stanoi
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Peter J Mucha
- Department of Mathematics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Kevin N Ochsner
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David Lydon-Staley
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Emily B Falk
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Wharton Marketing Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Wharton Operations, Information and Decisions Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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18
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Dhamala E, Bassett DS, Yeo BTT, Homes AJ. Functional brain networks are associated with both sex and gender in children. bioRxiv 2023:2023.11.12.566592. [PMID: 38013996 PMCID: PMC10680589 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.12.566592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Sex and gender are associated with human behavior throughout the lifespan and across health and disease, but whether they are associated with similar or distinct neural phenotypes is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that, in children, sex and gender are uniquely reflected in the intrinsic functional connectivity of the brain. Unimodal networks are more strongly associated with sex while heteromodal networks are more strongly associated with gender. These results suggest sex and gender are irreducible to one another not only in society but also in biology.
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19
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Parkes L, Bassett DS. Tracking Disordered Brain Dynamics in Psychiatry. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 94:528-530. [PMID: 37673516 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linden Parkes
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico.
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20
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Vogel JW, Corriveau-Lecavalier N, Franzmeier N, Pereira JB, Brown JA, Maass A, Botha H, Seeley WW, Bassett DS, Jones DT, Ewers M. Connectome-based modelling of neurodegenerative diseases: towards precision medicine and mechanistic insight. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:620-639. [PMID: 37620599 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00731-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are the most common cause of dementia. Although their underlying molecular pathologies have been identified, there is substantial heterogeneity in the patterns of progressive brain alterations across and within these diseases. Recent advances in neuroimaging methods have revealed that pathological proteins accumulate along specific macroscale brain networks, implicating the network architecture of the brain in the system-level pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the extent to which 'network-based neurodegeneration' applies across the wide range of neurodegenerative disorders remains unclear. Here, we discuss the state-of-the-art of neuroimaging-based connectomics for the mapping and prediction of neurodegenerative processes. We review findings supporting brain networks as passive conduits through which pathological proteins spread. As an alternative view, we also discuss complementary work suggesting that network alterations actively modulate the spreading of pathological proteins between connected brain regions. We conclude this Perspective by proposing an integrative framework in which connectome-based models can be advanced along three dimensions of innovation: incorporating parameters that modulate propagation behaviour on the basis of measurable biological features; building patient-tailored models that use individual-level information and allowing model parameters to interact dynamically over time. We discuss promises and pitfalls of these strategies for improving disease insights and moving towards precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W Vogel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, SciLifeLab, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Nick Corriveau-Lecavalier
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nicolai Franzmeier
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Acadamy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal and Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joana B Pereira
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Neuro Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesse A Brown
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anne Maass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hugo Botha
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Departments of Bioengineering, Electrical and Systems Engineering, Physics and Astronomy, Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - David T Jones
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael Ewers
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
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21
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Fotiadis P, Cieslak M, He X, Caciagli L, Ouellet M, Satterthwaite TD, Shinohara RT, Bassett DS. Myelination and excitation-inhibition balance synergistically shape structure-function coupling across the human cortex. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6115. [PMID: 37777569 PMCID: PMC10542365 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent work has demonstrated that the relationship between structural and functional connectivity varies regionally across the human brain, with reduced coupling emerging along the sensory-association cortical hierarchy. The biological underpinnings driving this expression, however, remain largely unknown. Here, we postulate that intracortical myelination and excitation-inhibition (EI) balance mediate the heterogeneous expression of structure-function coupling (SFC) and its temporal variance across the cortical hierarchy. We employ atlas- and voxel-based connectivity approaches to analyze neuroimaging data acquired from two groups of healthy participants. Our findings are consistent across six complementary processing pipelines: 1) SFC and its temporal variance respectively decrease and increase across the unimodal-transmodal and granular-agranular gradients; 2) increased myelination and lower EI-ratio are associated with more rigid SFC and restricted moment-to-moment SFC fluctuations; 3) a gradual shift from EI-ratio to myelination as the principal predictor of SFC occurs when traversing from granular to agranular cortical regions. Collectively, our work delivers a framework to conceptualize structure-function relationships in the human brain, paving the way for an improved understanding of how demyelination and/or EI-imbalances induce reorganization in brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Fotiadis
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Matthew Cieslak
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Xiaosong He
- Department of Psychology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Lorenzo Caciagli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mathieu Ouellet
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing & Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, 87501, USA.
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22
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Xia X, Klishin AA, Stiso J, Lynn CW, Kahn AE, Caciagli L, Bassett DS. Human Learning of Hierarchical Graphs. ArXiv 2023:arXiv:2309.02665v1. [PMID: 37731654 PMCID: PMC10508785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Humans are constantly exposed to sequences of events in the environment. Those sequences frequently evince statistical regularities, such as the probabilities with which one event transitions to another. Collectively, inter-event transition probabilities can be modeled as a graph or network. Many real-world networks are organized hierarchically and understanding how these networks are learned by humans is an ongoing aim of current investigations. While much is known about how humans learn basic transition graph topology, whether and to what degree humans can learn hierarchical structures in such graphs remains unknown. Here, we investigate how humans learn hierarchical graphs of the Sierpiński family using computer simulations and behavioral laboratory experiments. We probe the mental estimates of transition probabilities via the surprisal effect: a phenomenon in which humans react more slowly to less expected transitions, such as those between communities or modules in the network. Using mean-field predictions and numerical simulations, we show that surprisal effects are stronger for finer-level than coarser-level hierarchical transitions. Notably, surprisal effects at coarser levels of the hierarchy are difficult to detect for limited learning times or in small samples. Using a serial response experiment with human participants (n=100), we replicate our predictions by detecting a surprisal effect at the finer-level of the hierarchy but not at the coarser-level of the hierarchy. To further explain our findings, we evaluate the presence of a trade-off in learning, whereby humans who learned the finer-level of the hierarchy better tended to learn the coarser-level worse, and vice versa. Taken together, our computational and experimental studies elucidate the processes by which humans learn sequential events in hierarchical contexts. More broadly, our work charts a road map for future investigation of the neural underpinnings and behavioral manifestations of graph learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Xia
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Andrei A. Klishin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Jennifer Stiso
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Christopher W. Lynn
- Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Initiative for the Theoretical Sciences, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ari E. Kahn
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
| | - Lorenzo Caciagli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Dani S. Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA
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23
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Kulkarni S, David SU, Lynn CW, Bassett DS. Information content of note transitions in the music of J. S. Bach. ArXiv 2023:arXiv:2301.00783v2. [PMID: 36713259 PMCID: PMC9882577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Music has a complex structure that expresses emotion and conveys information. Humans process that information through imperfect cognitive instruments that produce a gestalt, smeared version of reality. How can we quantify the information contained in a piece of music? Further, what is the information inferred by a human, and how does that relate to (and differ from) the true structure of a piece? To tackle these questions quantitatively, we present a framework to study the information conveyed in a musical piece by constructing and analyzing networks formed by notes (nodes) and their transitions (edges). Using this framework, we analyze music composed by J. S. Bach through the lens of network science and information theory. Regarded as one of the greatest composers in the Western music tradition, Bach's work is highly mathematically structured and spans a wide range of compositional forms, such as fugues and choral pieces. Conceptualizing each composition as a network of note transitions, we quantify the information contained in each piece and find that different kinds of compositions can be grouped together according to their information content and network structure. Moreover, we find that the music networks communicate large amounts of information while maintaining small deviations of the inferred network from the true network, suggesting that they are structured for efficient communication of information. We probe the network structures that enable this rapid and efficient communication of information--namely, high heterogeneity and strong clustering. Taken together, our findings shed new light on the information and network properties of Bach's compositions. More generally, our framework serves as a stepping stone for exploring musical complexities, creativity and the structure of information in a range of complex systems.
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24
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Rolle CE, Ng GY, Nho YH, Barbosa DAN, Shivacharan RS, Gold JI, Bassett DS, Halpern CH, Buch V. Accumbens connectivity during deep-brain stimulation differentiates loss of control from physiologic behavioral states. Brain Stimul 2023; 16:1384-1391. [PMID: 37734587 PMCID: PMC10811591 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of control (LOC) eating, the subjective sense that one cannot control what or how much one eats, characterizes binge-eating behaviors pervasive in obesity and related eating disorders. Closed-loop deep-brain stimulation (DBS) for binge eating should predict LOC and trigger an appropriately timed intervention. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS This study aimed to identify a sensitive and specific biomarker to detect LOC onset for DBS. We hypothesized that changes in phase-locking value (PLV) predict the onset of LOC-associated cravings and distinguish them from potential confounding states. METHODS Using DBS data recorded from the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of two patients with binge eating disorder (BED) and severe obesity, we compared PLV between inter- and intra-hemispheric NAc subregions for three behavioral conditions: craving (associated with LOC eating), hunger (not associated with LOC), and sleep. RESULTS In both patients, PLV in the high gamma frequency band was significantly higher for craving compared to sleep and significantly higher for hunger compared to craving. Maximum likelihood classifiers achieved accuracies above 88% when differentiating between the three conditions. CONCLUSIONS High-frequency inter- and intra-hemispheric PLV in the NAc is a promising biomarker for closed-loop DBS that differentiates LOC-associated cravings from physiologic states such as hunger and sleep. Future trials should assess PLV as a LOC biomarker across a larger cohort and a wider patient population transdiagnostically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camarin E Rolle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Hospital, Spruce Building 3rd Floor, 801 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Department of Surgery, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 3900 Woodland Ave, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Grace Y Ng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Hospital, Spruce Building 3rd Floor, 801 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Department of Surgery, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 3900 Woodland Ave, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Young-Hoon Nho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Hospital, Spruce Building 3rd Floor, 801 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Department of Surgery, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 3900 Woodland Ave, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel A N Barbosa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Hospital, Spruce Building 3rd Floor, 801 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Department of Surgery, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 3900 Woodland Ave, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rajat S Shivacharan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 453 Quarry Road Office 245C, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Joshua I Gold
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, 3700 Hamilton Walk, Richards D407, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Departments of Bioengineering, Physics and Astronomy, Electrical and Systems Engineering, Neurology, and Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, 210 S. 33rd St, Skirkanich Hall 240, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Rd, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
| | - Casey H Halpern
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Hospital, Spruce Building 3rd Floor, 801 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Department of Surgery, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 3900 Woodland Ave, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vivek Buch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 453 Quarry Road Office 245C, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
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25
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Abstract
Neuroscience studies are often carried out in animal models for the purpose of understanding specific aspects of the human condition. However, the translation of findings across species remains a substantial challenge. Network science approaches can enhance the translational impact of cross-species studies by providing a means of mapping small-scale cellular processes identified in animal model studies to larger-scale inter-regional circuits observed in humans. In this Review, we highlight the contributions of network science approaches to the development of cross-species translational research in neuroscience. We lay the foundation for our discussion by exploring the objectives of cross-species translational models. We then discuss how the development of new tools that enable the acquisition of whole-brain data in animal models with cellular resolution provides unprecedented opportunity for cross-species applications of network science approaches for understanding large-scale brain networks. We describe how these tools may support the translation of findings across species and imaging modalities and highlight future opportunities. Our overarching goal is to illustrate how the application of network science tools across human and animal model studies could deepen insight into the neurobiology that underlies phenomena observed with non-invasive neuroimaging methods and could simultaneously further our ability to translate findings across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Brynildsen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kanaka Rajan
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael X Henderson
- Parkinson's Disease Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA.
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26
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Parkes L, Kim JZ, Stiso J, Brynildsen JK, Cieslak M, Covitz S, Gur RE, Gur RC, Pasqualetti F, Shinohara RT, Zhou D, Satterthwaite TD, Bassett DS. Using network control theory to study the dynamics of the structural connectome. bioRxiv 2023:2023.08.23.554519. [PMID: 37662395 PMCID: PMC10473719 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.23.554519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Network control theory (NCT) is a simple and powerful tool for studying how network topology informs and constrains dynamics. Compared to other structure-function coupling approaches, the strength of NCT lies in its capacity to predict the patterns of external control signals that may alter dynamics in a desired way. We have extensively developed and validated the application of NCT to the human structural connectome. Through these efforts, we have studied (i) how different aspects of connectome topology affect neural dynamics, (ii) whether NCT outputs cohere with empirical data on brain function and stimulation, and (iii) how NCT outputs vary across development and correlate with behavior and mental health symptoms. In this protocol, we introduce a framework for applying NCT to structural connectomes following two main pathways. Our primary pathway focuses on computing the control energy associated with transitioning between specific neural activity states. Our second pathway focuses on computing average controllability, which indexes nodes' general capacity to control dynamics. We also provide recommendations for comparing NCT outputs against null network models. Finally, we support this protocol with a Python-based software package called network control theory for python (nctpy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Linden Parkes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jason Z Kim
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jennifer Stiso
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Matthew Cieslak
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sydney Covitz
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Fabio Pasqualetti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Endeavor (PennSIVE), Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dale Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
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27
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Shafiei G, Keller AS, Bertolero M, Shanmugan S, Bassett DS, Chen AA, Covitz S, Houghton A, Luo A, Mehta K, Salo T, Shinohara RT, Fair D, Hallquist MN, Satterthwaite TD. Generalizable links between symptoms of borderline personality disorder and functional connectivity. bioRxiv 2023:2023.08.03.551534. [PMID: 37662311 PMCID: PMC10473667 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.03.551534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Background | Symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD) often manifest in adolescence, yet the underlying relationship between these debilitating symptoms and the development of functional brain networks is not well understood. Here we aimed to investigate how multivariate patterns of functional connectivity are associated with symptoms of BPD in a large sample of young adults and adolescents. Methods | We used high-quality functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data from young adults from the Human Connectome Project: Young Adults (HCP-YA; N = 870, ages 22-37 years, 457 female) and youth from the Human Connectome Project: Development (HCP-D; N = 223, age range 16-21 years, 121 female). A previously validated BPD proxy score was derived from the NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). A ridge regression model with 10-fold cross-validation and nested hyperparameter tuning was trained and tested in HCP-YA to predict BPD scores in unseen data from regional functional connectivity, while controlling for in-scanner motion, age, and sex. The trained model was further tested on data from HCP-D without further tuning. Finally, we tested how the connectivity patterns associated with BPD aligned with age-related changes in connectivity. Results | Multivariate functional connectivity patterns significantly predicted out-of-sample BPD proxy scores in unseen data in both young adults (HCP-YA; pperm = 0.001) and older adolescents (HCP-D; pperm = 0.001). Predictive capacity of regions was heterogeneous; the most predictive regions were found in functional systems relevant for emotion regulation and executive function, including the ventral attention network. Finally, regional functional connectivity patterns that predicted BPD proxy scores aligned with those associated with development in youth. Conclusion | Individual differences in functional connectivity in developmentally-sensitive regions are associated with the symptoms of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golia Shafiei
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Arielle S. Keller
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Maxwell Bertolero
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sheila Shanmugan
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dani S. Bassett
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501
| | - Andrew A. Chen
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics,Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sydney Covitz
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Audrey Houghton
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Audrey Luo
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kahini Mehta
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Taylor Salo
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Russell T. Shinohara
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics,Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Damien Fair
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
- Institute of Child Development, College of Education and Human Development, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Michael N. Hallquist
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Theodore D. Satterthwaite
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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28
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Kahn AE, Szymula K, Loman S, Haggerty EB, Nyema N, Aguirre GK, Bassett DS. Network structure influences the strength of learned neural representations. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.23.525254. [PMID: 36747703 PMCID: PMC9900848 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.23.525254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Human experience is built upon sequences of discrete events. From those sequences, humans build impressively accurate models of their world. This process has been referred to as graph learning, a form of structure learning in which the mental model encodes the graph of event-to-event transition probabilities [1], [2], typically in medial temporal cortex [3]-[6]. Recent evidence suggests that some network structures are easier to learn than others [7]-[9], but the neural properties of this effect remain unknown. Here we use fMRI to show that the network structure of a temporal sequence of stimuli influences the fidelity with which those stimuli are represented in the brain. Healthy adult human participants learned a set of stimulus-motor associations following one of two graph structures. The design of our experiment allowed us to separate regional sensitivity to the structural, stimulus, and motor response components of the task. As expected, whereas the motor response could be decoded from neural representations in postcentral gyrus, the shape of the stimulus could be decoded from lateral occipital cortex. The structure of the graph impacted the nature of neural representations: when the graph was modular as opposed to lattice-like, BOLD representations in visual areas better predicted trial identity in a held-out run and displayed higher intrinsic dimensionality. Our results demonstrate that even over relatively short timescales, graph structure determines the fidelity of event representations as well as the dimensionality of the space in which those representations are encoded. More broadly, our study shows that network context influences the strength of learned neural representations, motivating future work in the design, optimization, and adaptation of network contexts for distinct types of learning over different timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari E. Kahn
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08540 USA
| | - Karol Szymula
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, 14642 USA
| | - Sophie Loman
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Edda B. Haggerty
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Nathaniel Nyema
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Geoffrey K. Aguirre
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Dani S. Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
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Boroshok AL, McDermott CL, Fotiadis P, Park AT, Tooley UA, Gataviņš MM, Tisdall MD, Bassett DS, Mackey AP. Individual differences in T1w/T2w ratio development during childhood. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 62:101270. [PMID: 37348147 PMCID: PMC10439503 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelination is a key developmental process that promotes rapid and efficient information transfer. Myelin also stabilizes existing brain networks and thus may constrain neuroplasticity, defined here as the brain's potential to change in response to experiences rather than the canonical definition as the process of change. Characterizing individual differences in neuroplasticity may shed light on mechanisms by which early experiences shape learning, brain and body development, and response to interventions. The T1-weighted/T2-weighted (T1w/T2w) MRI signal ratio is a proxy measure of cortical microstructure and thus neuroplasticity. Here, in pre-registered analyses, we investigated individual differences in T1w/T2w ratios in children (ages 4-10, n = 157). T1w/T2w ratios were positively associated with age within early-developing sensorimotor and attention regions. We also tested whether socioeconomic status, cognition (crystallized knowledge or fluid reasoning), and biological age (as measured with molar eruption) were related to T1w/T2w signal but found no significant effects. Associations among T1w/T2w ratios, early experiences, and cognition may emerge later in adolescence and may not be strong enough to detect in moderate sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin L Boroshok
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | | | - Panagiotis Fotiadis
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anne T Park
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ursula A Tooley
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - Mārtiņš M Gataviņš
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Dylan Tisdall
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Physics & Astronomy, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Allyson P Mackey
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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30
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Mahadevan AS, Cornblath EJ, Lydon-Staley DM, Zhou D, Parkes L, Larsen B, Adebimpe A, Kahn AE, Gur RC, Gur RE, Satterthwaite TD, Wolf DH, Bassett DS. Alprazolam modulates persistence energy during emotion processing in first-degree relatives of individuals with schizophrenia: a network control study. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3314-3323. [PMID: 37353585 PMCID: PMC10618098 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02121-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is marked by deficits in facial affect processing associated with abnormalities in GABAergic circuitry, deficits also found in first-degree relatives. Facial affect processing involves a distributed network of brain regions including limbic regions like amygdala and visual processing areas like fusiform cortex. Pharmacological modulation of GABAergic circuitry using benzodiazepines like alprazolam can be useful for studying this facial affect processing network and associated GABAergic abnormalities in schizophrenia. Here, we use pharmacological modulation and computational modeling to study the contribution of GABAergic abnormalities toward emotion processing deficits in schizophrenia. Specifically, we apply principles from network control theory to model persistence energy - the control energy required to maintain brain activation states - during emotion identification and recall tasks, with and without administration of alprazolam, in a sample of first-degree relatives and healthy controls. Here, persistence energy quantifies the magnitude of theoretical external inputs during the task. We find that alprazolam increases persistence energy in relatives but not in controls during threatening face processing, suggesting a compensatory mechanism given the relative absence of behavioral abnormalities in this sample of unaffected relatives. Further, we demonstrate that regions in the fusiform and occipital cortices are important for facilitating state transitions during facial affect processing. Finally, we uncover spatial relationships (i) between regional variation in differential control energy (alprazolam versus placebo) and (ii) both serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter systems, indicating that alprazolam may exert its effects by altering neuromodulatory systems. Together, these findings provide a new perspective on the distributed emotion processing network and the effect of GABAergic modulation on this network, in addition to identifying an association between schizophrenia risk and abnormal GABAergic effects on persistence energy during threat processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun S Mahadevan
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Eli J Cornblath
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David M Lydon-Staley
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dale Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Linden Parkes
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Bart Larsen
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Azeez Adebimpe
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ari E Kahn
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniel H Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Rd, Santa Fe, NM, 87501, USA.
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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31
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Jovanova M, Cosme D, Doré B, Kang Y, Stanoi O, Cooper N, Helion C, Lomax S, McGowan AL, Boyd ZM, Bassett DS, Mucha PJ, Ochsner KN, Lydon-Staley DM, Falk EB. Psychological distance intervention reminders reduce alcohol consumption frequency in daily life. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12045. [PMID: 37491371 PMCID: PMC10368637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38478-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Modifying behaviors, such as alcohol consumption, is difficult. Creating psychological distance between unhealthy triggers and one's present experience can encourage change. Using two multisite, randomized experiments, we examine whether theory-driven strategies to create psychological distance-mindfulness and perspective-taking-can change drinking behaviors among young adults without alcohol dependence via a 28-day smartphone intervention (Study 1, N = 108 participants, 5492 observations; Study 2, N = 218 participants, 9994 observations). Study 2 presents a close replication with a fully remote delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic. During weeks when they received twice-a-day intervention reminders, individuals in the distancing interventions reported drinking less frequently than on control weeks-directionally in Study 1, and significantly in Study 2. Intervention reminders reduced drinking frequency but did not impact amount. We find that smartphone-based mindfulness and perspective-taking interventions, aimed to create psychological distance, can change behavior. This approach requires repeated reminders, which can be delivered via smartphones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Jovanova
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
| | - Danielle Cosme
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Bruce Doré
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yoona Kang
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ovidia Stanoi
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Nicole Cooper
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Chelsea Helion
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Silicia Lomax
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Amanda L McGowan
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Zachary M Boyd
- Mathematics Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, USA
| | - Peter J Mucha
- Department of Mathematics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, USA
| | - Kevin N Ochsner
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - David M Lydon-Staley
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Emily B Falk
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
- Wharton Marketing Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
- Wharton Operations, Information and Decisions Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
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32
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Wilmskoetter J, Busby N, He X, Caciagli L, Roth R, Kristinsson S, Davis KA, Rorden C, Bassett DS, Fridriksson J, Bonilha L. Dynamic network properties of the superior temporal gyrus mediate the impact of brain age gap on chronic aphasia severity. Commun Biol 2023; 6:727. [PMID: 37452209 PMCID: PMC10349039 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain structure deteriorates with aging and predisposes an individual to more severe language impairments (aphasia) after a stroke. However, the underlying mechanisms of this relation are not well understood. Here we use an approach to model brain network properties outside the stroke lesion, network controllability, to investigate relations among individualized structural brain connections, brain age, and aphasia severity in 93 participants with chronic post-stroke aphasia. Controlling for the stroke lesion size, we observe that lower average controllability of the posterior superior temporal gyrus (STG) mediates the relation between advanced brain aging and aphasia severity. Lower controllability of the left posterior STG signifies that activity in the left posterior STG is less likely to yield a response in other brain regions due to the topological properties of the structural brain networks. These results indicate that advanced brain aging among individuals with post-stroke aphasia is associated with disruption of dynamic properties of a critical language-related area, the STG, which contributes to worse aphasic symptoms. Because brain aging is variable among individuals with aphasia, our results provide further insight into the mechanisms underlying the variance in clinical trajectories in post-stroke aphasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Wilmskoetter
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Natalie Busby
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Xiaosong He
- Department of Psychology, University of Science and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Lorenzo Caciagli
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Roth
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sigfus Kristinsson
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Kathryn A Davis
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chris Rorden
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, NM, USA
| | - Julius Fridriksson
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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33
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Pines A, Keller AS, Larsen B, Bertolero M, Ashourvan A, Bassett DS, Cieslak M, Covitz S, Fan Y, Feczko E, Houghton A, Rueter AR, Saggar M, Shafiei G, Tapera TM, Vogel J, Weinstein SM, Shinohara RT, Williams LM, Fair DA, Satterthwaite TD. Development of top-down cortical propagations in youth. Neuron 2023; 111:1316-1330.e5. [PMID: 36803653 PMCID: PMC10121821 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical processing requires activity propagating between higher- and lower-order cortical areas. However, functional neuroimaging studies have chiefly quantified fluctuations within regions over time rather than propagations occurring over space. Here, we leverage advances in neuroimaging and computer vision to track cortical activity propagations in a large sample of youth (n = 388). We delineate cortical propagations that systematically ascend and descend a cortical hierarchy in all individuals in our developmental cohort, as well as in an independent dataset of densely sampled adults. Further, we demonstrate that top-down, descending hierarchical propagations become more prevalent with greater demands for cognitive control as well as with development in youth. These findings emphasize that hierarchical processing is reflected in the directionality of propagating cortical activity and suggest top-down propagations as a potential mechanism of neurocognitive maturation in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pines
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; The Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arielle S Keller
- The Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bart Larsen
- The Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maxwell Bertolero
- The Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arian Ashourvan
- Department of Psychology, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Departments of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87051, USA
| | - Matthew Cieslak
- The Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sydney Covitz
- The Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Radiology, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eric Feczko
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Institute of Child Development, College of Education and Human Development, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Audrey Houghton
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Institute of Child Development, College of Education and Human Development, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Amanda R Rueter
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Institute of Child Development, College of Education and Human Development, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Manish Saggar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Golia Shafiei
- The Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tinashe M Tapera
- The Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacob Vogel
- The Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah M Weinstein
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Leanne M Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Damien A Fair
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Institute of Child Development, College of Education and Human Development, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- The Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment & Psychosis Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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34
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McGowan AL, Sayed F, Boyd ZM, Jovanova M, Kang Y, Speer ME, Cosme D, Mucha PJ, Ochsner KN, Bassett DS, Falk EB, Lydon-Staley DM. Dense Sampling Approaches for Psychiatry Research: Combining Scanners and Smartphones. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:681-689. [PMID: 36797176 PMCID: PMC10038886 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Together, data from brain scanners and smartphones have sufficient coverage of biology, psychology, and environment to articulate between-person differences in the interplay within and across biological, psychological, and environmental systems thought to underlie psychopathology. An important next step is to develop frameworks that combine these two modalities in ways that leverage their coverage across layers of human experience to have maximum impact on our understanding and treatment of psychopathology. We review literature published in the last 3 years highlighting how scanners and smartphones have been combined to date, outline and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of existing approaches, and sketch a network science framework heretofore underrepresented in work combining scanners and smartphones that can push forward our understanding of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L McGowan
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Farah Sayed
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zachary M Boyd
- Department of Mathematics, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Mia Jovanova
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yoona Kang
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Megan E Speer
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Danielle Cosme
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter J Mucha
- Department of Mathematics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Kevin N Ochsner
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico
| | - Emily B Falk
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Marketing Department, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Operations, Information and Decisions, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David M Lydon-Staley
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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35
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Burrows D, Diana G, Pimpel B, Moeller F, Richardson MP, Bassett DS, Meyer MP, Rosch RE. Microscale Neuronal Activity Collectively Drives Chaotic and Inflexible Dynamics at the Macroscale in Seizures. J Neurosci 2023; 43:3259-3283. [PMID: 37019622 PMCID: PMC7614507 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0171-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal activity propagates through the network during seizures, engaging brain dynamics at multiple scales. Such propagating events can be described through the avalanches framework, which can relate spatiotemporal activity at the microscale with global network properties. Interestingly, propagating avalanches in healthy networks are indicative of critical dynamics, where the network is organised to a phase transition, which optimises certain computational properties. Some have hypothesised that the pathological brain dynamics of epileptic seizures are an emergent property of microscale neuronal networks collectively driving the brain away from criticality. Demonstrating this would provide a unifying mechanism linking microscale spatiotemporal activity with emergent brain dysfunction during seizures. Here, we investigated the effect of drug-induced seizures on critical avalanche dynamics, using in vivo whole-brain 2-photon imaging of GCaMP6s larval zebrafish (males and females) at single neuron resolution. We demonstrate that single neuron activity across the whole brain exhibits a loss of critical statistics during seizures, suggesting that microscale activity collectively drives macroscale dynamics away from criticality. We also construct spiking network models at the scale of the larval zebrafish brain, to demonstrate that only densely connected networks can drive brain-wide seizure dynamics away from criticality. Importantly, such dense networks also disrupt the optimal computational capacities of critical networks, leading to chaotic dynamics, impaired network response properties and sticky states, thus helping to explain functional impairments during seizures. This study bridges the gap between microscale neuronal activity and emergent macroscale dynamics and cognitive dysfunction during seizures.Significance StatementEpileptic seizures are debilitating and impair normal brain function. It is unclear how the coordinated behaviour of neurons collectively impairs brain function during seizures. To investigate this we perform fluorescence microscopy in larval zebrafish, which allows for the recording of whole-brain activity at single-neuron resolution. Using techniques from physics, we show that neuronal activity during seizures drives the brain away from criticality, a regime that enables both high and low activity states, into an inflexible regime that drives high activity states. Importantly, this change is caused by more connections in the network, which we show disrupts the ability of the brain to respond appropriately to its environment. Therefore, we identify key neuronal network mechanisms driving seizures and concurrent cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drw Burrows
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - G Diana
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - B Pimpel
- Department of Neurophysiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- GOS-UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - F Moeller
- Department of Neurophysiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M P Richardson
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Physics & Astronomy, Neurology, and Psychiatry University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe NM, USA
| | - M P Meyer
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - R E Rosch
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurophysiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
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36
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Sydnor VJ, Larsen B, Seidlitz J, Adebimpe A, Alexander-Bloch AF, Bassett DS, Bertolero MA, Cieslak M, Covitz S, Fan Y, Gur RE, Gur RC, Mackey AP, Moore TM, Roalf DR, Shinohara RT, Satterthwaite TD. Intrinsic activity development unfolds along a sensorimotor-association cortical axis in youth. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:638-649. [PMID: 36973514 PMCID: PMC10406167 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01282-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Animal studies of neurodevelopment have shown that recordings of intrinsic cortical activity evolve from synchronized and high amplitude to sparse and low amplitude as plasticity declines and the cortex matures. Leveraging resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) data from 1,033 youths (ages 8-23 years), we find that this stereotyped refinement of intrinsic activity occurs during human development and provides evidence for a cortical gradient of neurodevelopmental change. Declines in the amplitude of intrinsic fMRI activity were initiated heterochronously across regions and were coupled to the maturation of intracortical myelin, a developmental plasticity regulator. Spatiotemporal variability in regional developmental trajectories was organized along a hierarchical, sensorimotor-association cortical axis from ages 8 to 18. The sensorimotor-association axis furthermore captured variation in associations between youths' neighborhood environments and intrinsic fMRI activity; associations suggest that the effects of environmental disadvantage on the maturing brain diverge most across this axis during midadolescence. These results uncover a hierarchical neurodevelopmental axis and offer insight into the progression of cortical plasticity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie J Sydnor
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bart Larsen
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jakob Seidlitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Azeez Adebimpe
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aaron F Alexander-Bloch
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Maxwell A Bertolero
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Cieslak
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sydney Covitz
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allyson P Mackey
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David R Roalf
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Endeavor (PennSIVE), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Endeavor (PennSIVE), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Raznahan A, Rau S, Schaffer L, Liu S, Fish AM, Mankiw C, Xenophontos A, Clasen LS, Joseph L, Thurm A, Blumenthal JD, Bassett DS, Torres EN. Deep phenotypic analysis of psychiatric features in genetically defined cohorts: application to XYY syndrome. J Neurodev Disord 2023; 15:8. [PMID: 36803654 PMCID: PMC9940341 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-023-09476-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent gene dosage disorders impart substantial risk for psychopathology. Yet, understanding that risk is hampered by complex presentations that challenge classical diagnostic systems. Here, we present a suite of generalizable analytic approaches for parsing this clinical complexity, which we illustrate through application to XYY syndrome. METHOD We gathered high-dimensional measures of psychopathology in 64 XYY individuals and 60 XY controls, plus additional interviewer-based diagnostic data in the XYY group. We provide the first comprehensive diagnostic description of psychiatric morbidity in XYY syndrome and show how diagnostic morbidity relates to functioning, subthreshold symptoms, and ascertainment bias. We then map behavioral vulnerabilities and resilience across 67 behavioral dimensions before borrowing techniques from network science to resolve the mesoscale architecture of these dimensions and links to observable functional outcomes. RESULTS Carriage of an extra Y-chromosome increases risk for diverse psychiatric diagnoses, with clinically impactful subthreshold symptomatology. Highest rates are seen for neurodevelopmental and affective disorders. A lower bound of < 25% of carriers are free of any diagnosis. Dimensional analysis of 67 scales details the profile of psychopathology in XYY, which survives control for ascertainment bias, specifies attentional and social domains as the most impacted, and refutes stigmatizing historical associations between XYY and violence. Network modeling compresses all measured symptom scales into 8 modules with dissociable links to cognitive ability, adaptive function, and caregiver strain. Hub modules offer efficient proxies for the full symptom network. CONCLUSIONS This study parses the complex behavioral phenotype of XYY syndrome by applying new and generalizable analytic approaches for analysis of deep-phenotypic psychiatric data in neurogenetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Raznahan
- Section On Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Srishti Rau
- Section On Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Center for Autism Spectrum Disorders and Division of Neuropsychology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Luke Schaffer
- Section On Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Section On Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ari M Fish
- Section On Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Catherine Mankiw
- Section On Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Anastasia Xenophontos
- Section On Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Liv S Clasen
- Section On Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lisa Joseph
- Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Phenotyping Service, Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Audrey Thurm
- Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Phenotyping Service, Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan D Blumenthal
- Section On Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Departments of Bioengineering, Electrical & Systems Engineering, Physics and Astronomy, Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Erin N Torres
- Section On Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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38
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Xie K, Royer J, Lariviere S, Rodriguez-Cruces R, de Wael RV, Park BY, Auer H, Tavakol S, DeKraker J, Abdallah C, Caciagli L, Bassett DS, Bernasconi A, Bernasconi N, Frauscher B, Concha L, Bernhardt BC. Atypical intrinsic neural timescales in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 2023; 64:998-1011. [PMID: 36764677 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common pharmacoresistant epilepsy in adults. Here we profiled local neural function in TLE in vivo, building on prior evidence that has identified widespread structural alterations. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), we mapped the whole-brain intrinsic neural timescales (INT), which reflect temporal hierarchies of neural processing. Parallel analysis of structural and diffusion MRI data examined associations with TLE-related structural compromise. Finally, we evaluated the clinical utility of INT. METHODS We studied 46 patients with TLE and 44 healthy controls from two independent sites, and mapped INT changes in patients relative to controls across hippocampal, subcortical, and neocortical regions. We examined region-specific associations to structural alterations and explored the effects of age and epilepsy duration. Supervised machine learning assessed the utility of INT for identifying patients with TLE vs controls and left- vs right-sided seizure onset. RESULTS Relative to controls, TLE showed marked INT reductions across multiple regions bilaterally, indexing faster changing resting activity, with strongest effects in the ipsilateral medial and lateral temporal regions, and bilateral sensorimotor cortices as well as thalamus and hippocampus. Findings were similar, albeit with reduced effect sizes, when correcting for structural alterations. INT reductions in TLE increased with advancing disease duration, yet findings differed from the aging effects seen in controls. INT-derived classifiers discriminated patients vs controls (balanced accuracy, 5-fold: 76% ± 2.65%; cross-site, 72%-83%) and lateralized the focus in TLE (balanced accuracy, 5-fold: 96% ± 2.10%; cross-site, 95%-97%), with high accuracy and cross-site generalizability. Findings were consistent across both acquisition sites and robust when controlling for motion and several methodological confounds. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings demonstrate atypical macroscale function in TLE in a topography that extends beyond mesiotemporal epicenters. INT measurements can assist in TLE diagnosis, seizure focus lateralization, and monitoring of disease progression, which emphasizes promising clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xie
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jessica Royer
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sara Lariviere
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Raul Rodriguez-Cruces
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Reinder Vos de Wael
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bo-Yong Park
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Data Science, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hans Auer
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shahin Tavakol
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jordan DeKraker
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chifaou Abdallah
- Analytical Neurophysiology Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lorenzo Caciagli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
| | - Andrea Bernasconi
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Neda Bernasconi
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Birgit Frauscher
- Analytical Neurophysiology Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luis Concha
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Institute of Neurobiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Juriquilla, Mexico
| | - Boris C Bernhardt
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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39
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Keller AS, Sydnor VJ, Pines A, Fair DA, Bassett DS, Satterthwaite TD. Hierarchical functional system development supports executive function. Trends Cogn Sci 2023; 27:160-174. [PMID: 36437189 PMCID: PMC9851999 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this perspective, we describe how developmental improvements in youth executive function (EF) are supported by hierarchically organized maturational changes in functional brain systems. We first highlight evidence that functional brain systems are embedded within a hierarchical sensorimotor-association axis of cortical organization. We then review data showing that functional system developmental profiles vary along this axis: systems near the associative end become more functionally segregated, while those in the middle become more integrative. Developmental changes that strengthen the hierarchical organization of the cortex may support EF by facilitating top-down information flow and balancing within- and between-system communication. We propose a central role for attention and frontoparietal control systems in the maturation of healthy EF and suggest that reduced functional system differentiation across the sensorimotor-association axis contributes to transdiagnostic EF deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle S Keller
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Valerie J Sydnor
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Adam Pines
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Damien A Fair
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Institute of Child Development, College of Education and Human Development, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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40
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McGowan AL, Boyd ZM, Kang Y, Bennett L, Mucha PJ, Ochsner KN, Bassett DS, Falk EB, Lydon-Staley DM. Within-Person Temporal Associations Among Self-Reported Physical Activity, Sleep, and Well-Being in College Students. Psychosom Med 2023; 85:141-153. [PMID: 36728904 PMCID: PMC9918680 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A holistic understanding of the naturalistic dynamics among physical activity, sleep, emotions, and purpose in life as part of a system reflecting wellness is key to promoting well-being. The main aim of this study was to examine the day-to-day dynamics within this wellness system. METHODS Using self-reported emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, anxiousness) and physical activity periods collected twice per day, and daily reports of sleep and purpose in life via smartphone experience sampling, more than 28 days as college students ( n = 226 young adults; mean [standard deviation] = 20.2 [1.7] years) went about their daily lives, we examined day-to-day temporal and contemporaneous dynamics using multilevel vector autoregressive models that consider the network of wellness together. RESULTS Network analyses revealed that higher physical activity on a given day predicted an increase of happiness the next day. Higher sleep quality on a given night predicted a decrease in negative emotions the next day, and higher purpose in life predicted decreased negative emotions up to 2 days later. Nodes with the highest centrality were sadness, anxiety, and happiness in the temporal network and purpose in life, anxiety, and anger in the contemporaneous network. CONCLUSIONS Although the effects of sleep and physical activity on emotions and purpose in life may be shorter term, a sense of purpose in life is a critical component of wellness that can have slightly longer effects, bleeding into the next few days. High-arousal emotions and purpose in life are central to motivating people into action, which can lead to behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. McGowan
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Zachary M. Boyd
- Department of Mathematics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Yoona Kang
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Logan Bennett
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter J. Mucha
- Department of Mathematics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Kevin N. Ochsner
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Dani S. Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Emily B. Falk
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Marketing Department, and Operations, Information and Decision Department, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - David M. Lydon-Staley
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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41
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Mehta K, Pines A, Adebimpe A, Larsen B, Bassett DS, Calkins ME, Baller E, Gell M, Patrick LM, Gur RE, Gur RC, Roalf DR, Romer D, Wolf DH, Kable JW, Satterthwaite TD. Individual Differences in Delay Discounting are Associated with Dorsal Prefrontal Cortex Connectivity in Youth. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.25.525577. [PMID: 36747838 PMCID: PMC9900814 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.25.525577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Delay discounting is a measure of impulsive choice relevant in adolescence as it predicts many real-life outcomes, including substance use disorders, obesity, and academic achievement. However, the functional networks underlying individual differences in delay discounting during youth remain incompletely described. Here we investigate the association between multivariate patterns of functional connectivity and individual differences in impulsive choice in a large sample of youth. A total of 293 youth (9-23 years) completed a delay discounting task and underwent resting-state fMRI at 3T. A connectome-wide analysis using multivariate distance-based matrix regression was used to examine whole-brain relationships between delay discounting and functional connectivity was then performed. These analyses revealed that individual differences in delay discounting were associated with patterns of connectivity emanating from the left dorsal prefrontal cortex, a hub of the default mode network. Delay discounting was associated with greater functional connectivity between the dorsal prefrontal cortex and other parts of the default mode network, and reduced connectivity with regions in the dorsal and ventral attention networks. These results suggest that delay discounting in youth is associated with individual differences in relationships both within the default mode network and between the default mode and networks involved in attentional and cognitive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahini Mehta
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Adam Pines
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Azeez Adebimpe
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Bart Larsen
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dani S. Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA,Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA,Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA,Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA,Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, 87051, USA
| | - Monica E. Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Erica Baller
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Martin Gell
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain & Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lauren M. Patrick
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA,Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA,Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David R. Roalf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniel Romer
- Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel H. Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Joseph W. Kable
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Theodore D. Satterthwaite
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA,Penn/CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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42
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von Schwanenflug N, Koch SP, Krohn S, Broeders TAA, Lydon-Staley DM, Bassett DS, Schoonheim MM, Paul F, Finke C. Increased flexibility of brain dynamics in patients with multiple sclerosis. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad143. [PMID: 37188221 PMCID: PMC10176242 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with multiple sclerosis consistently show widespread changes in functional connectivity. Yet, alterations are heterogeneous across studies, underscoring the complexity of functional reorganization in multiple sclerosis. Here, we aim to provide new insights by applying a time-resolved graph-analytical framework to identify a clinically relevant pattern of dynamic functional connectivity reconfigurations in multiple sclerosis. Resting-state data from 75 patients with multiple sclerosis (N = 75, female:male ratio of 3:2, median age: 42.0 ± 11.0 years, median disease duration: 6 ± 11.4 years) and 75 age- and sex-matched controls (N = 75, female:male ratio of 3:2, median age: 40.2 ± 11.8 years) were analysed using multilayer community detection. Local, resting-state functional system and global levels of dynamic functional connectivity reconfiguration were characterized using graph-theoretical measures including flexibility, promiscuity, cohesion, disjointedness and entropy. Moreover, we quantified hypo- and hyper-flexibility of brain regions and derived the flexibility reorganization index as a summary measure of whole-brain reorganization. Lastly, we explored the relationship between clinical disability and altered functional dynamics. Significant increases in global flexibility (t = 2.38, PFDR = 0.024), promiscuity (t = 1.94, PFDR = 0.038), entropy (t = 2.17, PFDR = 0.027) and cohesion (t = 2.45, PFDR = 0.024) were observed in patients and were driven by pericentral, limbic and subcortical regions. Importantly, these graph metrics were correlated with clinical disability such that greater reconfiguration dynamics tracked greater disability. Moreover, patients demonstrate a systematic shift in flexibility from sensorimotor areas to transmodal areas, with the most pronounced increases located in regions with generally low dynamics in controls. Together, these findings reveal a hyperflexible reorganization of brain activity in multiple sclerosis that clusters in pericentral, subcortical and limbic areas. This functional reorganization was linked to clinical disability, providing new evidence that alterations of multilayer temporal dynamics play a role in the manifestation of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina von Schwanenflug
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10098, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Stefan P Koch
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Stephan Krohn
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10098, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Tommy A A Broeders
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1007 MB, The Netherlands
| | - David M Lydon-Staley
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, PA, USA
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, PA, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Biological Engineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, PA, USA
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, PA, USA
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, PA, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe 87501, NM, USA
| | - Menno M Schoonheim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1007 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10098, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10017, Germany
| | - Carsten Finke
- Correspondence to: Carsten Finke Charité - Universitätsklinikum Berlin Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology Campus Mitte, Bonhoeffer Weg 3, 10098 Berlin, Germany E-mail:
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Mahony BW, Tu D, Rau S, Liu S, Lalonde FM, Alexander-Bloch AF, Satterthwaite TD, Shinohara RT, Bassett DS, Milham MP, Raznahan A. IQ Modulates Coupling Between Diverse Dimensions of Psychopathology in Children and Adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 62:59-73. [PMID: 35868430 PMCID: PMC9805478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Correlations between cognitive ability and psychopathology are well recognized, but prior research has been limited by focusing on individuals with intellectual disability, single-diagnosis psychiatric populations, or few measures of psychopathology. Here, we quantify relationships between full-scale IQ and multiple dimensions of psychopathology in a diverse care-seeking population, with a novel focus on differential coupling between psychopathology dimensions as a function of IQ. METHOD A total of 70 dimensional measures of psychopathology, plus IQ and demographic data, were collated for 2,752 children and adolescents from the Healthy Brain Network dataset. We first examined univariate associations between IQ and psychopathology, and then characterized how the correlational architecture of psychopathology differs between groups at extremes of the IQ distribution. RESULTS Associations with IQ vary in magnitude between different domains of psychopathology: IQ shows the strongest negative correlations with attentional and social impairments, but is largely unrelated to affective symptoms and psychopathy. Lower IQ is associated with stronger coupling between internalizing problems and aggression, repetitive behaviors, and hyperactivity/inattentiveness. CONCLUSION Our analyses reveal that variation in general cognitive ability is associated not only with significant and selective shifts in severity of psychopathology, but also in the coupling between different dimensions of psychopathology. These findings have relevance for the clinical assessment of mental health in populations with varying IQ, and may also inform ongoing efforts to improve the measurement of psychopathology and to understand how relationships between cognition and behavior are reflected in brain organization. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT We worked to ensure sex and gender balance in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure sex balance in the selection of non-human subjects. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. One or more of the authors of this paper received support from a program designed to increase minority representation in science. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group. We actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our author group. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our reference list. The author list of this paper includes contributors from the location and/or community where the research was conducted who participated in the data collection, design, analysis, and/or interpretation of the work. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented sexual and/or gender groups in science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danni Tu
- Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Srishti Rau
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Children's National Health System, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Siyuan Liu
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | - Dani S Bassett
- Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Santa Fe Institute, New Mexico
| | | | - Armin Raznahan
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Cui Z, Pines AR, Larsen B, Sydnor VJ, Li H, Adebimpe A, Alexander-Bloch AF, Bassett DS, Bertolero M, Calkins ME, Davatzikos C, Fair DA, Gur RC, Gur RE, Moore TM, Shanmugan S, Shinohara RT, Vogel JW, Xia CH, Fan Y, Satterthwaite TD. Linking Individual Differences in Personalized Functional Network Topography to Psychopathology in Youth. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:973-983. [PMID: 35927072 PMCID: PMC10040299 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spatial layout of large-scale functional brain networks differs between individuals and is particularly variable in the association cortex, implicated in a broad range of psychiatric disorders. However, it remains unknown whether this variation in functional topography is related to major dimensions of psychopathology in youth. METHODS The authors studied 790 youths ages 8 to 23 years who had 27 minutes of high-quality functional magnetic resonance imaging data as part of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. Four correlated dimensions were estimated using a confirmatory correlated traits factor analysis on 112 item-level clinical symptoms, and one overall psychopathology factor with 4 orthogonal dimensions were extracted using a confirmatory factor analysis. Spatially regularized nonnegative matrix factorization was used to identify 17 individual-specific functional networks for each participant. Partial least square regression with split-half cross-validation was conducted to evaluate to what extent the topography of personalized functional networks encodes major dimensions of psychopathology. RESULTS Personalized functional network topography significantly predicted unseen individuals' major dimensions of psychopathology, including fear, psychosis, externalizing, and anxious-misery. Reduced representation of association networks was among the most important features for the prediction of all 4 dimensions. Further analysis revealed that personalized functional network topography predicted overall psychopathology (r = 0.16, permutation testing p < .001), which drove prediction of the 4 correlated dimensions. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that individual differences in functional network topography in association networks is related to overall psychopathology in youth. Such results underscore the importance of considering functional neuroanatomy for personalized diagnostics and therapeutics in psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaixu Cui
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.
| | - Adam R Pines
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bart Larsen
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Valerie J Sydnor
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hongming Li
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Azeez Adebimpe
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aaron F Alexander-Bloch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico
| | - Max Bertolero
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Damien A Fair
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Institute of Child Development, College of Education and Human Development, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sheila Shanmugan
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jacob W Vogel
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Cedric H Xia
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Parkes L, Kim JZ, Stiso J, Calkins ME, Cieslak M, Gur RE, Gur RC, Moore TM, Ouellet M, Roalf DR, Shinohara RT, Wolf DH, Satterthwaite TD, Bassett DS. Asymmetric signaling across the hierarchy of cytoarchitecture within the human connectome. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eadd2185. [PMID: 36516263 PMCID: PMC9750154 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add2185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cortical variations in cytoarchitecture form a sensory-fugal axis that shapes regional profiles of extrinsic connectivity and is thought to guide signal propagation and integration across the cortical hierarchy. While neuroimaging work has shown that this axis constrains local properties of the human connectome, it remains unclear whether it also shapes the asymmetric signaling that arises from higher-order topology. Here, we used network control theory to examine the amount of energy required to propagate dynamics across the sensory-fugal axis. Our results revealed an asymmetry in this energy, indicating that bottom-up transitions were easier to complete compared to top-down. Supporting analyses demonstrated that asymmetries were underpinned by a connectome topology that is wired to support efficient bottom-up signaling. Lastly, we found that asymmetries correlated with differences in communicability and intrinsic neuronal time scales and lessened throughout youth. Our results show that cortical variation in cytoarchitecture may guide the formation of macroscopic connectome topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linden Parkes
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jason Z. Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer Stiso
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Monica E. Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew Cieslak
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tyler M. Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mathieu Ouellet
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David R. Roalf
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Russell T. Shinohara
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel H. Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Theodore D. Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dani S. Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
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Caciagli L, Paquola C, He X, Vollmar C, Centeno M, Wandschneider B, Braun U, Trimmel K, Vos SB, Sidhu MK, Thompson PJ, Baxendale S, Winston GP, Duncan JS, Bassett DS, Koepp MJ, Bernhardt BC. 31 Disorganization of language and working memory networks in frontal versus temporal lobe epilepsy. J Neurol Psychiatry 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-bnpa.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives/AimsCognitive impairment is a common comorbidity of epilepsy, and can be more burdensome than seizures themselves. Temporal and frontal lobe epilepsy (TLE, FLE) are accompanied by multi-domain cognitive impairment. While the underlying neural substrates have been extensively investigated in TLE, functional imaging studies in FLE are scarce. Here, we aimed to: (i) investigate systems-level neural processes accounting for cognitive dysfunction in FLE; (ii) directly compare FLE and TLE patients, establishing commonalities and differences; and (iii) decode the potential influence of clinical characteristics on cognitive network architecture.MethodsWe capitalized on a large, single-centre sample of 172 adult participants (56 with FLE, 64 with TLE, 52 with controls) who were investigated via: (i) an extensive neuropsychological test battery that included attention, psychomotor speed, language, working memory, executive function, and episodic memory tests; and (ii) four functional MRI tasks probing expressive language (verbal fluency, verb generation) and working memory (verbal and visuo-spatial). Patient groups were comparable in age of epilepsy onset, disease duration, and antiseizure medication load. We mapped task-related brain activation and deactivation using a novel multiscale approach, and tracked reorganization in FLE and TLE. We complemented voxel-based maps with profiling of task effects across established motifs of functional brain organization: (i) canonical resting-state functional networks, and (ii) the principal functional connectivity gradient, that encodes a continuous transition from lower-level (sensory) to higher-order (transmodal) brain areas.ResultsWe find that cognitive impairment in FLE is accompanied by broadly reduced activation across frontoparietal attentional and executive networks, and reduced default-mode network deactivation, indicating large-scale disorganization of task-related recruitment, particularly during working memory. Patterns of dysfunction in FLE and TLE are broadly similar, but some traits are syndrome-specific: impaired task-related deactivation of the default-mode network is more prominent in FLE, while impaired recruitment of posterior language areas is more marked in TLE. More severe epilepsy, as tracked by age at onset, epilepsy duration, seizure frequency, time since last seizure, and propensity for focal-to-bilateral tonic-clonic seizures, relates to more marked cognitive network disorganization both in FLE and TLE.ConclusionsOur study elucidates neural processes underlying cognitive impairment in the most common focal epilepsies, identifies frontoparietal executive alterations as a shared biological signature, irrespective of seizure focus localization, and shows that temporal lobe language alterations are TLE-specific. The highlighted systems-level behaviour may be amenable to future remediation strategies, including neurostimulation.
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Kang Y, Cosme D, Lydon-Staley D, Ahn J, Jovanova M, Corbani F, Lomax S, Stanoi O, Strecher V, Mucha PJ, Ochsner K, Bassett DS, Falk EB. Purpose in life, neural alcohol cue reactivity and daily alcohol use in social drinkers. Addiction 2022; 117:3049-3057. [PMID: 35915548 DOI: 10.1111/add.16012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Alcohol craving is an urge to consume alcohol that commonly precedes drinking; however, craving does not lead to drinking for all people under all circumstances. The current study measured the correlation between neural reactivity and alcohol cues as a risk, and purpose in daily life as a protective factor that may influence the link between alcohol craving and the subsequent amount of consumption. DESIGN Observational study that correlated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data on neural cue reactivity and ecological momentary assessments (EMA) on purpose in life and alcohol use. SETTING Two college campuses in the United States. PARTICIPANTS A total of 54 college students (37 women, 16 men, and 1 other) recruited via campus-based groups from January 2019 to October 2020. MEASUREMENTS Participants underwent fMRI while viewing images of alcohol; we examined activity within the ventral striatum, a key region of interest implicated in reward and craving. Participants then completed 28 days of EMA and answered questions about daily levels of purpose in life and alcohol use, including how much they craved and consumed alcohol. FINDINGS A significant three-way interaction indicated that greater alcohol cue reactivity within the ventral striatum was associated with heavier alcohol use following craving in daily life only when people were previously feeling a lower than usual sense of purpose. By contrast, individuals with heightened neural alcohol cue reactivity drank less in response to craving if they were feeling a stronger than their usual sense of purpose in the preceding moments (binteraction = -0.086, P < 0.001, 95% CI = -0.137, -0.035). CONCLUSIONS Neural sensitivity to alcohol cues within the ventral striatum appears to be a potential risk for increased alcohol use in social drinkers, when people feel less purposeful. Enhancing daily levels of purpose in life may promote alcohol moderation among social drinkers who show relatively higher reactivity to alcohol cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoona Kang
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Danielle Cosme
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Lydon-Staley
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeesung Ahn
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Mia Jovanova
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Faustine Corbani
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Silicia Lomax
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ovidia Stanoi
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Victor Strecher
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Peter J Mucha
- Department of Mathematics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Kevin Ochsner
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Emily B Falk
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.,Wharton Marketing Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States.,Wharton Operations, Information and Decisions Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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Zurn P, Stramondo J, Reynolds JM, Bassett DS. Expanding Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion to Disability: Opportunities for Biological Psychiatry. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2022; 7:1280-1288. [PMID: 36038045 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Given its subject matter, biological psychiatry is uniquely poised to lead STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) DEI (diversity, equity, and inclusion) initiatives related to disability. Drawing on literatures in science, philosophy, psychiatry, and disability studies, we outline how that leadership might be undertaken. We first review existing opportunities for the advancement of DEI in biological psychiatry around axes of gender and race. We then explore the expansion of biological psychiatry's DEI efforts to disability, especially along the lines of representation and access, community accountability, first-person testimony, and revised theoretical frameworks for pathology. We close with concrete recommendations for scholarship and practice going forward. By tackling head-on the challenge of disability inclusion, biological psychiatry has the opportunity to be a force of transformation in the biological sciences and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perry Zurn
- Department of Philosophy and Religion, American University, Washington, DC; Department of Critical Race, Gender and Culture Studies, American University, Washington, DC.
| | - Joseph Stramondo
- Department of Philosophy, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Joel Michael Reynolds
- Department of Philosophy, Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Hastings Center, Garrison, New York; Greenwall Foundation, New York, New York
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico
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He X, Caciagli L, Parkes L, Stiso J, Karrer TM, Kim JZ, Lu Z, Menara T, Pasqualetti F, Sperling MR, Tracy JI, Bassett DS. Uncovering the biological basis of control energy: Structural and metabolic correlates of energy inefficiency in temporal lobe epilepsy. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabn2293. [PMID: 36351015 PMCID: PMC9645718 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn2293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Network control theory is increasingly used to profile the brain's energy landscape via simulations of neural dynamics. This approach estimates the control energy required to simulate the activation of brain circuits based on structural connectome measured using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, thereby quantifying those circuits' energetic efficiency. The biological basis of control energy, however, remains unknown, hampering its further application. To fill this gap, investigating temporal lobe epilepsy as a lesion model, we show that patients require higher control energy to activate the limbic network than healthy volunteers, especially ipsilateral to the seizure focus. The energetic imbalance between ipsilateral and contralateral temporolimbic regions is tracked by asymmetric patterns of glucose metabolism measured using positron emission tomography, which, in turn, may be selectively explained by asymmetric gray matter loss as evidenced in the hippocampus. Our investigation provides the first theoretical framework unifying gray matter integrity, metabolism, and energetic generation of neural dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong He
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corresponding author. (X.H.); (D.S.B.)
| | - Lorenzo Caciagli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- MRI Unit, Epilepsy Society, Chesham Lane, Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - Linden Parkes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Stiso
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Teresa M. Karrer
- Personalized Health Care, Product Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jason Z. Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhixin Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tommaso Menara
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Fabio Pasqualetti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - Joseph I. Tracy
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dani S. Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Departments of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Physics and Astronomy, Psychiatry, and Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
- Corresponding author. (X.H.); (D.S.B.)
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Tooley UA, Park AT, Leonard JA, Boroshok AL, McDermott CL, Tisdall MD, Bassett DS, Mackey AP. The Age of Reason: Functional Brain Network Development during Childhood. J Neurosci 2022; 42:8237-8251. [PMID: 36192151 PMCID: PMC9653278 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0511-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Human childhood is characterized by dramatic changes in the mind and brain. However, little is known about the large-scale intrinsic cortical network changes that occur during childhood because of methodological challenges in scanning young children. Here, we overcome this barrier by using sophisticated acquisition and analysis tools to investigate functional network development in children between the ages of 4 and 10 years ([Formula: see text]; 50 female, 42 male). At multiple spatial scales, age is positively associated with brain network segregation. At the system level, age was associated with segregation of systems involved in attention from those involved in abstract cognition, and with integration among attentional and perceptual systems. Associations between age and functional connectivity are most pronounced in visual and medial prefrontal cortex, the two ends of a gradient from perceptual, externally oriented cortex to abstract, internally oriented cortex. These findings suggest that both ends of the sensory-association gradient may develop early, in contrast to the classical theories that cortical maturation proceeds from back to front, with sensory areas developing first and association areas developing last. More mature patterns of brain network architecture, controlling for age, were associated with better visuospatial reasoning abilities. Our results suggest that as cortical architecture becomes more specialized, children become more able to reason about the world and their place in it.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Anthropologists have called the transition from early to middle childhood the "age of reason", when children across cultures become more independent. We employ cutting-edge neuroimaging acquisition and analysis approaches to investigate associations between age and functional brain architecture in childhood. Age was positively associated with segregation between cortical systems that process the external world and those that process abstract phenomena like the past, future, and minds of others. Surprisingly, we observed pronounced development at both ends of the sensory-association gradient, challenging the theory that sensory areas develop first and association areas develop last. Our results open new directions for research into how brains reorganize to support rapid gains in cognitive and socioemotional skills as children reach the age of reason.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula A Tooley
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Anne T Park
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Julia A Leonard
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Austin L Boroshok
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Cassidy L McDermott
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Matthew D Tisdall
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501
| | - Allyson P Mackey
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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