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Derakhshani A, Taheri F, Geraminia N, Mohammadipoor-ghasemabad L, Sabzalizadeh M, Vafee F, Afarinesh MR, Sheibani V. Amelioration of behavioral and histological impairments in somatosensory cortex injury rats by limbal mesenchymal stem cell transplantation. Transl Neurosci 2024; 15:20220346. [PMID: 39156044 PMCID: PMC11330157 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cortical lesions can cause major sensory and motor impairments, representing a significant challenge in neuroscience and clinical medicine. Limbal mesenchymal stem cells (LMSCs), renowned for their remarkable ability to proliferate and distinct characteristics within the corneal epithelium, offer a promising opportunity for regenerative treatments. This study aimed to assess whether the transplantation of LMSCs could improve tactile ability in rats with lesions of the barrel cortex. Methods In this experimental study, we divided 21 rats into three groups: a control group, a lesion group with cortical cold lesion induction but no stem cell treatment, and a group receiving LMSC transplantation following cold lesion induction. We conducted 3-week sensory assessments using a texture discrimination test and an open-field test. We also performed Nissl staining to assess changes on the cellular level. Results Rats in the LMSC transplantation group demonstrated significant improvements in their ability to discrimination textures during the second and third weeks compared to those in the lesion group. The open-field test results showed an increased exploratory behavior of rats in the LMSC transplantation group by the third week compared to the lesion group. Additionally, Nissl staining revealed cellular alterations in the damaged cortex, with a significant distinction observed between rats in the LMSCs and lesion group. Conclusion The findings suggest that LMSC transplantation enhances sensory recovery in rats with cortical lesions, particularly their ability to discriminate textures. LMSC transplantation benefits brain tissue reparation after a cold lesion on the somatosensory cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Derakhshani
- Hydatid Disease Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Taheri
- Neurology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nima Geraminia
- Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 76198-13159, Kerman, Iran
| | - Lily Mohammadipoor-ghasemabad
- Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 76198-13159, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Sabzalizadeh
- Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 76198-13159, Kerman, Iran
- Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Vafee
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Afarinesh
- Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 76198-13159, Kerman, Iran
- Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 76198-13159, Kerman, Iran
- Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Dehghani A, Pourjafari F, Koohkan F, Haghpanh T, Pourjafari F, Sheibani V, Afarinesh MR. L-carnitine attenuates acoustic startle reflex dysfunction in adult male rats exposed to mancozeb. Toxicol Ind Health 2023; 39:115-126. [PMID: 36650049 DOI: 10.1177/07482337231151739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The fungicide mancozeb increases oxygen-free radicals in the central nervous system. As an antioxidant, L-carnitine protects DNA and cell membranes from damage caused by oxygen-free radicals. The present study investigated how L-carnitine affected the acoustic startle response (ASR) in rats exposed to mancozeb. In this experimental study, male Wistar rats were gavaged orally with mancozeb (500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg), L-carnitine (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg), or L-carnitine (200 mg/kg) + mancozeb (500 mg/kg) three times in 1 week. In the sham group, saline (0.9%, 10 mL/kg) was gavaged at a volume equivalent to that of the drugs. The control group did not receive any treatment. The results showed that locomotor activity and the percentage of prepulse inhibition in the mancozeb groups decreased compared to the sham group while these parameters increased in the L-carnitine group (200 mg/kg) compared to sham rats. In conclusion, mancozeb may increase the risk factor for cognitive diseases such as schizophrenia in people exposed to it while pretreatment with L-carnitine can attenuate the toxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dehghani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 48503Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farimah Pourjafari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, 196469University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran
| | - Faeze Koohkan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Tahereh Haghpanh
- Anatomical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Pourjafari
- Anatomical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Afarinesh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Sabzalizadeh M, Mollashahi M, Afarinesh MR, Mafi F, Joushy S, Sheibani V. Sex difference in cognitive behavioral alterations and barrel cortex neuronal responses in rats exposed prenatally to valproic acid under continuous environmental enrichment. Int J Dev Neurosci 2022; 82:513-527. [PMID: 35738908 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disorder that can affect social interactions and sensory-motor behaviors. The present study investigates the effect of environmental enrichment (EE) on behavioral alterations and neuron responses associated with the barrel cortex of young adult female and male rats exposed prenatally to valproic acid (VPA). Pregnant female rats were pretreated with either saline or VPA (500 mg/kg, IP) on day 12.5 of gestation. Male and female pups were exposed to either EE or standard-setting (non-enrichment) conditions for 1 month (between postnatal day [PND] 30 and 63-65) and were divided into non-EE (control), EE, VPA, and VPA + EE groups. Three-chamber sociability and social novelty, acoustic startle reflex, and texture discrimination tests were conducted on PND 62. Responses of barrel cortex neurons of male pups were evaluated using the extracellular single-unit recording technique on PND 63-65. Results showed that the performance of rats of both sexes in social interactions, texture discrimination tasks, and acoustic startle reflex significantly decreased in the VPA groups compared with the control rats (P < 0.05). In this regard, EE attenuated the altered deficit performance observed in the VPA animals compared with the VPA-EE animals (P < 0.05). The performance of females was better than males in the discrimination tasks and acoustic startle reflex. In contrast, males were better than females in the three-chamber social interaction test. Additionally, the excitatory receptive field response magnitude of the barrel cortex neurons in the VPA + EE group increased compared with the VPA group (P < 0.05). The results suggest that continuous EE can attenuate cognitive function disturbances in autistic-like rats and, at least at the behavioral level, the effects depend on sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoureh Sabzalizadeh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahtab Mollashahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Afarinesh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mafi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sara Joushy
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Taheri M, Afarinesh MR, Meftahi GH, Karimi A, Haghpanah T. Levothyroxine therapy attenuates anxiety-like states induced by mild chronically of neonatal hypothyroidism in both male and female rats. TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2020.1741642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Taheri
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Afarinesh
- Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Akbar Karimi
- Department of biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Haghpanah
- Department of anatomy, School of medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Little B, Sud N, Nobile Z, Bhattacharya D. Teratogenic effects of maternal drug abuse on developing brain and underlying neurotransmitter mechanisms. Neurotoxicology 2021; 86:172-179. [PMID: 34391795 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to highlight our knowledge of the various drugs of abuse that can prove potential teratogens affecting the brain and cognitive development in an individual exposed to maternal consumption of such agents. Among several drugs of abuse in women, we specifically highlighted the commonly used alcohol, nicotine, opioids, cannabis, cocaine and marijuana. These drugs can affect the fetal development and slow the cognitive maturation apart from physical disabilities. However, no known therapy exists to counter the toxic potential of these drugs. Several researchers used animal models of drug abuse to understand the underlying mechanisms affecting brain development and the relevant neurotransmitter system. Identifying such targets can potentially help in drug discovery research. We reported in depth analysis of such mechanisms and discussed the potential targets for drug development research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Little
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 1858 Grandview Blvd., Erie, PA, 16509, United States
| | - Neilesh Sud
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 1858 Grandview Blvd., Erie, PA, 16509, United States
| | - Zachary Nobile
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 1858 Grandview Blvd., Erie, PA, 16509, United States
| | - Dwipayan Bhattacharya
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 1858 Grandview Blvd., Erie, PA, 16509, United States.
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Genetic and epigenetic modifications of F1 offspring's sperm cells following in utero and lactational combined exposure to nicotine and ethanol. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12311. [PMID: 34112894 PMCID: PMC8192516 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91739-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that maternal lifestyle during pregnancy and lactation affects the intrauterine programming of F1 offspring. However, despite the co-use of alcohol and nicotine is a common habit, the effects of exposure to both substances on the reproductive system of F1 male offspring and the underlying mechanisms of developmental programming have not been investigated. The present study aimed to examine pre- and postnatal concurrent exposure to these substances on genetic and epigenetic alterations of sperm cells as well as testis properties of F1 offspring compared with exposure to each substance alone. Pregnant dams in the F0 generation randomly received normal saline, nicotine, ethanol, and combinations throughout full gestation and lactation periods. Sperm cells and testes of F1 male offspring were collected at postnatal day 90 for further experiments. High levels of sperm DNA fragmentation were observed in all exposed offspring. Regarding epigenetic alterations, there was a significant increase in the relative transcript abundance of histone deacetylase 1 and 2 in all exposed sperm cells. Moreover, despite a decrease in the expression level of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 3A, no marked differences were found in the expression levels of DNMT1 and 3B in any of the exposed sperm cells compared to non-exposed ones. Interestingly, combined exposure had less prominent effects relative to exposure to each substance alone. The changes in the testicular and sperm parameters were compatible with genetic and epigenetic alterations. However, MDA level as an oxidative stress indicator increased in all exposed pups, which may be responsible for such outputs. In conclusion, maternal co-exposure to these substances exhibited epigenotoxicity effects on germline cells of F1 male offspring, although these effects were less marked relative to exposure to each substance alone. These counteracting effects may be explained by cross-tolerance and probably less impairment of the antioxidant defense system.
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Sabzalizadeh M, Afarinesh MR, Esmaeili-Mahani S, Farsinejad A, Derakhshani A, Arabzadeh E, Sheibani V. Transplantation of rat dental pulp stem cells facilities post-lesion recovery in the somatosensory whisker cortex of male Wistar rats. Brain Res Bull 2021; 173:150-161. [PMID: 33964348 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Damage to somatosensory "barrel" cortex reduces the rats' behavioral sensitivity in discrimination of tactile stimuli. Here, we examined how transplantation of stem cells into the lesioned barrel cortex can help in recovery of sensory capacities. We induced mechanical lesions in the right barrel cortex area of male rats. Three days after lesioning, rats received one of three transplantation types: un-differentiated dental pulp stem cells (U-DPSCs) or differentiated dental pulp stem cells (D-DPSCs), or cell medium (vehicle). A fourth group of rats were control without any Surgery. For 4 consecutive weeks, starting one week after transplantation, we evaluated the rats' preference to explore novel textures as a measure of sensory discrimination ability, also measured the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Olig 2, nestin, neuronal nuclei (NeuN), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neuroligin1 by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Unilateral mechanical lesion decreased the rats' preferential exploration of novel textures compared to the control group across the 4-week behavioral tests. Following stem cell therapy, the rats' performance significantly improved at week 2-4 compared to the vehicle group. Compared to the control group, there was a significant decrease in the expression of nestin, NeuN, Olig 2, BDNF, neuroligin1 and a significant increase in the expression of GFAP in the vehicle group. The expression of the neural markers was significantly higher in DPSCs compared with the vehicle group whereas GFAP level was lower in DPSCs compared to vehicle. We found that DPSCs therapy affected a range of neuronal markers in the barrel cortex post lesion, and improved the rats' recovery for sensory discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoureh Sabzalizadeh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Afarinesh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Alireza Farsinejad
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Comprehensive Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Derakhshani
- Hydatid Disease Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ehsan Arabzadeh
- Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Musanejad E, Haghpanah T, Mirzaie V, Ezzatabadipour M. Effects of ethanol and nicotine co-administration on follicular atresia and placental histo-morphology in the first-generation mice pups during intrauterine development and lactation periods. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:793-803. [PMID: 33850734 PMCID: PMC8038947 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is evaluating the effects of ethanol and nicotine exposure during pregnancy and lactation on placenta histology and follicular atresia in the first-generation (f1) mice pups. The experimental groups were 5 groups of NMRI pregnant mice, including: control, vehicle (received normal saline) ethanol (3 g/kg/day, 20 % v/v intraperitoneally), nicotine (1 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously), and ethanol plus nicotine which received both. Pregnant animals in each group were then divided into two groups, one group for examining the placenta that was treated for 18 days and the other group for the ovary of one-day-old (PND1) and fifty-six-day-old (PND56) female offspring who were treated for 42 days (during intrauterine development and lactation). After the autopsy procedure, histopathological and morphometrical observations were done. Data revealed that the exposed mice had a significant change in the placenta morphometry and histology as well as a marked increase in the number of ovarian TUNEL positive cells on postnatal days 1 and 56. Therefore, maternal exposure to alcohol and nicotine during developmental and lactation periods could lead to changes in the placenta properties as well as an increase in the apoptotic ovarian follicles in f1 mice pups.
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Key Words
- AMH, Anti-Müllerian hormone
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- BAX, BCL2 Associated X
- BMP, Bone morphogenetic protein
- Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- CTL, control
- Ca2+, calcium
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid
- E2, Estradiol
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- EtOH, ethanol
- Ethanol
- FSH, Follicle-stimulating hormone
- First-generation mice
- Follicular atresia
- GD, gestation day
- H&E, Hematoxylin and Eosin
- HCL, Hydrogen Chloride
- IUGR, intrauterine growth restriction
- NMRI, Naval Medical Research Institute
- Ni, nicotine
- Nicotine
- OFR, ovarian follicular reservoir
- OS, oxidative stress
- PBS, Phosphate-buffered saline
- PND, Postnatal day
- Placenta
- ROS, reactive-oxygen-species
- SEM, standard error of the mean
- SPSS, statistical package for the social sciences
- TUNEL, Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling
- Veh, vehicle
- WHO, World Health Organization
- cat.no, catalogue number
- i.p., intraperitoneally
- nAChRs, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
- s.c., subcutaneously
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Musanejad
- Anatomical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 76169-14115, Kerman, Iran
| | - Tahereh Haghpanah
- Anatomical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 76169-14115, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vida Mirzaie
- Anatomical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 76169-14115, Kerman, Iran
| | - Massood Ezzatabadipour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Sex- and age-dependent differences in nicotine susceptibility evoked by developmental exposure to tobacco smoke and/or ethanol in mice. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 12:940-951. [PMID: 33292889 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420001191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Either tobacco smoking or alcohol consumption during pregnancy sex-selectively increases susceptibility to drugs of abuse later in life. Considering that pregnant smoking women are frequently intermittent consumers of alcoholic beverages, here, we investigated whether a short-term ethanol exposure restricted to the brain growth spurt period when combined with chronic developmental exposure to tobacco smoke aggravates susceptibility to nicotine in adolescent and adult mice. Swiss male and female mice were exposed to tobacco smoke (SMK; research cigarettes 3R4F, whole-body exposure, 8 h/daily) or ambient air during the gestational period and until the tenth postnatal day (PN). Ethanol (ETOH, 2 g/Kg, 25%, i.p.) or saline was injected in the pups every other day from PN2 to PN10. There were no significant differences in cotinine (nicotine metabolite) and ethanol serum levels among SMK, ETOH and SMK + ETOH groups. During adolescence (PN30) and adulthood (PN90), nicotine (NIC, 0.5 mg/Kg) susceptibility was evaluated in the conditioned place preference and open field tests. NIC impact was more evident in females: SMK, ETOH and SMK + ETOH adolescent females were equally more susceptible to nicotine-induced place preference than control animals. At adulthood, SMK and SMK + ETOH adult females exhibited a nicotine-evoked hyperlocomotor profile in the open field, with a stronger effect in the SMK + ETOH group. Our results indicate that ethanol exposure during the brain growth spurt, when combined to developmental exposure to tobacco smoke, increases nicotine susceptibility with stronger effects in adult females. This result represents a worsened outcome from the early developmental dual exposure and may predispose nicotine use/abuse later in life.
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Sabzalizadeh M, Afarinesh MR, Esmaeili-Mahani S, Sheibani V. Focal unilateral mechanical lesion in barrel cortex impairs rat’s abilities to discriminate textures. Somatosens Mot Res 2020; 38:1-10. [DOI: 10.1080/08990220.2020.1828055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mansoureh Sabzalizadeh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Afarinesh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman Iran
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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