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Li X, Gao J, Chen W, Liang J, Gao W, Bodjrenou DM, Zeng H, Zhang Y, Farag MA, Cao H, Zheng B. Properties and functions of acylated starch with short-chain fatty acids: a comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-14. [PMID: 39023856 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2365343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the primary energy source of colonic epithelial cells, but oral SCFAs are digested, absorbed, or degraded before reaching the colon. The acylated starch with SCFAs can be fermented and release specific SCFAs under the action of colonic intestinal microbiota. This review first introduces the preparation method, reaction mechanism, and substitution factors. Second, the structure, physical and chemical properties, in vitro function, and mechanism of acylated starch were expounded. Finally, the application of acylated starch in foods is introduced, and its safety is evaluated, providing a basis for the further development of acylated starch-based foods. The acylated starch obtained by different acylation types and preparation methods is different in particle, molecular, and crystal structures, leading to changes in the function and physicochemical properties. Meanwhile, acylated starch has the functional potential of targeted delivery of SCFAs to the colon, which can increase SCFAs in feces and intestine, selectively regulate the intestinal microbiota, and produce a prebiotic effect conducive to host health. The safety of acetylated starch has been supported by relevant studies, which have been widely used in various food fields and have great potential in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Fujian, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Jingyi Gao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jiachen Liang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Gao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - David Mahoudjro Bodjrenou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hongliang Zeng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hui Cao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universidade de Vigo - Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Baodong Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
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Altaisaikhan A, Yoshihara K, Hata T, Miyata N, Asano Y, Suematsu T, Kadota Y, Sudo N. Dietary supplementation with 1-kestose induces altered locomotor activity and increased striatal dopamine levels with a change in gut microbiota in male mice. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15882. [PMID: 38054526 PMCID: PMC10698829 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
1-Kestose (KES), a dietary fiber and prebiotic carbohydrate, benefits various physiological functions. This study aimed to examine whether diets supplemented with KES over three consecutive generations could significantly affect some host physiological aspects, including behavioral phenotypes and gut microbial ecology. Mice that received KES-supplemented diets for three generations demonstrated increased activity compared with those fed diets lacking KES. Furthermore, the KES group showed increased striatal dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) levels. The observed increase in DA levels within the striatum was positively correlated with locomotor activity in the KES group but not in the control (CON) group. The α-diversities were significantly lower in the KES group compared to the CON group. The three-dimensional principal coordinate analysis revealed a substantial distinction between the KES and CON groups across each generation. At the genus level, most gut microbiota genera exhibited lower abundances in the KES group than in the CON group, except for Bifidobacteria and Akkermansia. Spearman's rank-order analysis indicated significant negative correlations between the striatal DA levels and α-diversity values. These findings suggest that prolonged supplementation with KES may stimulate increased locomotor activity along with elevated striatal DA levels, which are potentially associated with KES-induced alterations in the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altanzul Altaisaikhan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Kazufumi Yoshihara
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Tomokazu Hata
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Noriyuki Miyata
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yasunari Asano
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Takafumi Suematsu
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Kadota
- Research and Development Center, B Food Science Co., Ltd.ChitaJapan
| | - Nobuyuki Sudo
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
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Xie Z, Yao M, Castro-Mejía JL, Ma M, Zhu Y, Fu X, Huang Q, Zhang B. Propionylated high-amylose maize starch alleviates obesity by modulating gut microbiota in high-fat diet-fed mice. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
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4
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Song Y, Qu X, Guo M, Hu Q, Mu Y, Hao N, Wei Y, Wang Q, Mackay CR. Indole acetylated high-amylose maize starch: Synthesis, characterization and application for amelioration of colitis. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 302:120425. [PMID: 36604087 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan metabolites such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) are critical for gut health, through their binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and may be useful for treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. Delivery of IAA to the colon is necessary, and one strategy is use of esterified starches which get digested in the colon by gut microbes. High amylose maize starch (HAMS) resists digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract and is fermented by gut microbiota to release short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are also beneficial to intestinal homeostasis. IAA esterified to HAMS (HAMSIAA) was synthesized with different degrees of substitution (DSs) by controlling the ratio of IAA vs HAMS. Successful incorporation of indole acetyl group was verified by NMR and FTIR spectra. XRD revealed that the crystalline type of HAMSIAA changed from B to V-type. SEM showed the destroyed surface of the starch granules. HAMSIAA with DS ~ 0.3 effectively increased IAA in the colon, to levels unachievable by oral IAA delivery. HAMSIAA increased pathways downstream of AhR activation, including CYP1A1 mRNA expression and IL-22 protein levels, and greatly improved DSS-induced colitis. HAMSIAA could serve as an ideal means for colon-targeted delivery of IAA and a promising nutraceutical for amelioration of inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Song
- Laboratory of Immunology for Environment and Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xinyan Qu
- Laboratory of Immunology for Environment and Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Mei Guo
- Laboratory of Immunology for Environment and Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qiongzheng Hu
- Laboratory of Immunology for Environment and Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yan Mu
- Laboratory of Immunology for Environment and Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Na Hao
- Laboratory of Immunology for Environment and Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yunbo Wei
- Laboratory of Immunology for Environment and Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Quanbo Wang
- Laboratory of Immunology for Environment and Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Charles R Mackay
- Laboratory of Immunology for Environment and Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; Department of Microbiology, Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia.
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5
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Donati Zeppa S, Agostini D, Ferrini F, Gervasi M, Barbieri E, Bartolacci A, Piccoli G, Saltarelli R, Sestili P, Stocchi V. Interventions on Gut Microbiota for Healthy Aging. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010034. [PMID: 36611827 PMCID: PMC9818603 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the improvement in health and social conditions has led to an increase in the average lifespan. Since aging is the most important risk factor for the majority of chronic human diseases, the development of therapies and intervention to stop, lessen or even reverse various age-related morbidities is an important target to ameliorate the quality of life of the elderly. The gut microbiota, that is, the complex ecosystem of microorganisms living in the gastrointestinal tract, plays an important role, not yet fully understood, in maintaining the host's health and homeostasis, influencing metabolic, oxidative and cognitive status; for this reason, it is also named "the forgotten endocrine organ" or "the second brain". On the other hand, the gut microbiota diversity and richness are affected by unmodifiable factors, such as aging and sex, and modifiable ones, such as diet, pharmacological therapies and lifestyle. In this review, we discuss the changes, mostly disadvantageous, for human health, induced by aging, in microbiota composition and the effects of dietary intervention, of supplementation with probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, psychobiotics and antioxidants and of physical exercise. The development of an integrated strategy to implement microbiota health will help in the goal of healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Donati Zeppa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Deborah Agostini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Fabio Ferrini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Marco Gervasi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Elena Barbieri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Alessia Bartolacci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piccoli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Roberta Saltarelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Piero Sestili
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Vilberto Stocchi
- Department of Human Science for Promotion of Quality of Life, Univerity San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
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Shoubridge AP, Choo JM, Martin AM, Keating DJ, Wong ML, Licinio J, Rogers GB. The gut microbiome and mental health: advances in research and emerging priorities. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1908-1919. [PMID: 35236957 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01479-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome exerts a considerable influence on human neurophysiology and mental health. Interactions between intestinal microbiology and host regulatory systems have now been implicated both in the development of psychiatric conditions and in the efficacy of many common therapies. With the growing acceptance of the role played by the gut microbiome in mental health outcomes, the focus of research is now beginning to shift from identifying relationships between intestinal microbiology and pathophysiology, and towards using this newfound insight to improve clinical outcomes. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of gut microbiome-brain interactions, the mechanistic underpinnings of these relationships, and the ongoing challenge of distinguishing association and causation. We set out an overarching model of the evolution of microbiome-CNS interaction and examine how a growing knowledge of these complex systems can be used to determine disease susceptibility and reduce risk in a targeted manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Shoubridge
- Microbiome and Host Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.,Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Jocelyn M Choo
- Microbiome and Host Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.,Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Alyce M Martin
- Neuroscience, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Damien J Keating
- Neuroscience, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Ma-Li Wong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Julio Licinio
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Geraint B Rogers
- Microbiome and Host Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia. .,Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.
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7
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Sudo N. Possible role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa. Biopsychosoc Med 2021; 15:25. [PMID: 34844634 PMCID: PMC8630889 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-021-00228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN), an eating disorder, is characterized by extreme weight loss and fear of weight gain. Psychosocial factors are thought to play important roles in the development and progression of AN; however, biological factors also presumably contribute to eating disorders. Recent evidence has shown that the gut microbiota plays an important role in pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders including AN. In this article, we describe the possible role of the gut microbiota in the development and persistence of AN, based on the latest research works, including those of our group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Sudo
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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8
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The gut microbiota and microbial metabolites are associated with tail biting in pigs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20547. [PMID: 34654857 PMCID: PMC8521594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99741-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tail biting is an abnormal behaviour that causes stress, injury and pain. Given the critical role of the gut-microbiota in the development of behavioural problems in humans and animals, the aim of this study was to determine whether pigs that are biters, victims of tail biting or controls (nine matched sets of pigs) have a different microbiota composition, diversity and microbial metabolite profile. We collected faecal and blood samples from each individual for analysis. The gut microbiota composition was most different between the biter and the control pigs, with a higher relative abundance of Firmicutes in tail biter pigs than the controls. Furthermore, we detected differences in faecal and plasma short chain fatty acids (SCFA) profiles between the biter and victim pigs, suggesting physiological differences even though they are kept in the same pen. Thus, in addition to supporting an association between the gut microbiota and tail biting in pigs, this study also provides the first evidence of an association between tail biting and SCFA. Therefore, further research is needed to confirm these associations, to determine causality and to study how the SCFA profiles of an individual play a role in the development of tail biting behaviour.
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Xu B, Qin W, Yan Y, Tang Y, Zhou S, Huang J, Xie C, Ma L, Yan X. Gut microbiota contributes to the development of endometrial glands in gilts during the ovary-dependent period. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:57. [PMID: 33947457 PMCID: PMC8097987 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00578-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The hyper-prolificacy Meishan gilts achieved a superior endometrial gland development (EGD) than white crossbred gilts during the ovary-independent period (before 60 d of age). Then, the EGD continues under the management of ovary-derived steroid hormones that regulated by gut microbiota (after 60 d of age). However, whether Meishan gilts’ superiority in EGD lasting to the ovary-dependent period (after 60 d of age) and the role of gut microbiota in this period both remain unclear. Methods Meishan gilts and Landrace x Yorkshire (LxY) gilts were raised under the same housing and feeding conditions until sexual maturity and then we compared their EGD and gut microbiota. Meanwhile, we transplanted fecal microbiota from Meishan gilts to L×Y gilts to explore the role of gut microbiota in EGD. We sampled plasma every 3 weeks and collected the uterus, ovary, liver, and rectal feces after the sacrifice. We then determined the hormone concentrations and expressions of the EGD-related genes. We also profiled the gut microbiota using 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolites of plasma and liver tissue using untargeted metabolomics. Finally, the correlation analysis and significant test was conducted between FMT-shifted gut microbes and EGD-related indices. Results Meishan gilts have larger endometrial gland area (P < 0.001), longer uterine horn length (P < 0.01) but lighter uterine horn weight (P < 0.05), a distinctive gut microbiota compared with L×Y gilts. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) increased endometrial gland area (P < 0.01). FMT markedly shifted the metabolite profiles of both liver and plasma, and these differential metabolites enriched in steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway. FMT increased estradiol and insulin-like growth factor 1 but decreased progesterone dynamically. FMT also increased the expression of the EGD-related genes estrogen receptor 1 gene, epithelial cadherin, and forkhead box protein A2. There is a significant correlation between FMT-shifted gut microbes and EGD-related indices. Conclusion Sexually matured Meishan gilts achieved a superior EGD than LxY gilts. Meanwhile, gut microbiota contribute to the EGD potentially via regulating of steroid hormones during the ovary-dependent period. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-021-00578-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Wenxia Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yiqin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yimei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Shuyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Juncheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Chunlin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Libao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China. .,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China. .,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Xianghua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China. .,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China. .,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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10
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Tsukahara T, Toyoda A, Kawase T, Nakamura SI, Ochiai K. Consecutive intra-gingival injections of lipopolysaccharide and butyric acid to mice induce abnormal behavior and changes in cytokine concentrations. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:331. [PMID: 33153485 PMCID: PMC7643404 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-02008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontopathic bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis produce several metabolites, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and n-butyric acid (BA). Past work suggested that periodontal infection may cause cognitive impairment in mice. Aims To elucidate the mechanisms by which metabolites such as LPS and BA, resulting from Porphyromonas gingivalis activity, induce immunological and physiological abnormalities in mice. Methods In the present work, 28 male ICR mice were placed in an open-field arena and the total distance (cm/600 s) they covered was recorded. Based on their moving distances, mice were divided into 4 groups (n = 7) and injected the following substances into their gingival tissues for 32 consecutive days: saline (C), 5 mmol/L of BA (B), 1 μg/mouse of LPS (L), and BA-LPS (BL) solutions. Distances covered by mice were also measured on days 14 and 21, with their habituation scores considered as “(moving distance on day 14 or 21)/(moving distance on day 0)”. Afterwards, mice were dissected, and hippocampal gene expression and the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids, neurotransmitters and cytokines in their blood plasma and brains were analyzed. In addition, mouse brain and liver tissues were fixed and visually assessed for histopathological abnormalities. Results Group BL had significantly higher habituation scores than C and B on day 14. LPS induced higher habituation scores on day 21. LPS induced significant decreases in the mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and brain-derived neurotrophic factors, and an increase in neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 2. In both plasma and brain, LPS induced a significant acetate increase. Moreover, LPS significantly increased acetylcholine in brain. In plasma alone, LPS and BA significantly decreased monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1). However, while LPS significantly decreased tyrosine, BA significantly increased it. Lastly, LPS significantly decreased IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor in plasma. No histopathological abnormalities were detected in liver or brain tissues of mice. Conclusion We showed that injections of LPS and/or BA induced mice to move seemingly tireless and that both LPS and BA injections strongly induced a reduction of MCP-1 in blood plasma. We concluded that LPS and BA may have been crucial to induce and/or aggravate abnormal behavior in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ibaraki, Japan.,United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Uryu H, Tsukahara T, Ishikawa H, Oi M, Otake S, Yamane I, Inoue R. Comparison of Productivity and Fecal Microbiotas of Sows in Commercial Farms. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1469. [PMID: 32987859 PMCID: PMC7599717 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sow productivity, that is, the number of weaned piglets per sow per year, depends on their health status. The gut microbiota is considered a crucial factor in the health of pigs and may affect sow productivity. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between productivity and the fecal microbiotas of sows in different farms. Feces of sows were collected from 18 farms (10 samples/farm). A total of 90 fecal samples of high-reproductive performance farms were labeled as group H, and 90 fecal samples from low-reproductive performance farms were labeled as group L. Fecal microbiotas were analyzed by 16S rRNA metagenomics, and the organic acids and putrefactive metabolites of the microbiotas were measured. β-diversity was significantly different between groups H and L (P < 0.01), and the relative abundances of 43 bacterial genera, including short-chain fatty acid-producing and fiber-degrading bacteria such as Ruminococcus, Fibrobacter and Butyricicoccus, significantly differed between groups (P < 0.05). In addition, the concentrations of acetate, propionate and n-butyrate were significantly higher in group H than in group L (P < 0.05). In conclusion, sow productivity in farms was likely associated with the compositions of the fecal microbiotas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Uryu
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan;
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | | | - Hiromichi Ishikawa
- The Japanese Association of Swine Veterinarians (JASV), Ibaraki 300-1260, Japan; (H.I.); (M.O.); (S.O.)
| | - Munetaka Oi
- The Japanese Association of Swine Veterinarians (JASV), Ibaraki 300-1260, Japan; (H.I.); (M.O.); (S.O.)
| | - Satoshi Otake
- The Japanese Association of Swine Veterinarians (JASV), Ibaraki 300-1260, Japan; (H.I.); (M.O.); (S.O.)
| | - Itsuro Yamane
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) (National Institute of Animal Health), Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan;
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan;
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
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