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Machado M, Fonseca R, Zanchetta G, Amoroso C, Vasconcelos A, Costa É, Nicoliche E, Gongora M, Orsini M, Vicente R, Teixeira S, Budde H, Cagy M, Velasques B, Ribeiro P. Absolute beta power in exercisers and nonexercisers in preparation for the oddball task. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2024; 82:1-8. [PMID: 39357852 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1791518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High levels of physical conditioning are associated with improvements in cognitive performance. In this sense, electroencephalographic (ECG) correlates are used to investigate the enhancing role of physical exercise on executive functions. Oscillations in the β frequency range are proposed to be evident during sensorimotor activity. OBJECTIVE To investigate the ECG changes influenced by aerobic and resistance exercises performed in an attention task by analyzing the differences in absolute β power in the prefrontal and frontal regions before, during, and after the oddball paradigm in practitioners and nonpractitioners of physical exercise. METHODS There were 15 physical activity practitioners (aged 27 ± 4.71) and 15 nonpractitioners (age 28 ± 1.50) recruited. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was implemented to observe the main effect and the interaction between groups and moments (rest 1, pre-stimulus, and rest 2). RESULTS An interaction between group and moment factors was observed for Fp1 (p < 0.001); Fp2 (p = 0.001); F7 (p < 0.001); F8 (p < 0.001); F3 (p < 0.001); Fz (p < 0.001); and F4 (p < 0.001). Electrophysiological findings clarified exercisers' specificity and neural efficiency in each prefrontal and frontal subarea. CONCLUSION Our findings lend support to the current understanding of the cognitive processes underlying physical exercise and provide new evidence on the relationship between exercise and cortical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Machado
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Renato Fonseca
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Zanchetta
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Amoroso
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Vasconcelos
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Élida Costa
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Nicoliche
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariana Gongora
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Marco Orsini
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Niterói RJ, Brazil
| | - Renan Vicente
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Silmar Teixeira
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Teresina PI, Brazil
| | - Henning Budde
- Medical School Hamburg, Faculty of Human Sciences, Hamburg, Germany
- Reykjavik University, Department of Sport Science, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Mauricio Cagy
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Engenharia Biomédica, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruna Velasques
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
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Griggs MA, Parr B, Vandegrift NS, Jelsone-Swain L. The effect of acute exercise on attentional control and theta power in young adults. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:2509-2520. [PMID: 37670008 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06660-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Exercise has a profound impact on one's health, and it is becoming increasingly accepted that exercise also benefits cognitive functioning. Yet, the neural mechanism for which cognitive enhancement occurs is less understood. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to experimentally test whether an acute exercise activity was able to increase theta power and behavioral performance during an executive functioning attentional control task. Participants were randomly assigned to either a stationary-bike exercise or a resting control condition. Thereafter, they completed the Eriksen flanker task, and most participants completed this while EEG data were recorded. From the flanker task data, we demonstrated an interaction effect from both accuracy and reaction time measurements. Importantly, the exercise group was more accurate than the control group in incongruent trials. From the EEG data, theta power was overall higher in the exercise group, especially during the congruent trials, compared to controls. Our results add to the limited but growing body of research that suggests acute exercise produces a general increase in theta power, which in turn may play a role in enhancing cognitive performance. These results, combined with previous research, could have widespread implications in multiple settings such as in the investigation of a biomarker of physical fitness, neurorehabilitation, and in education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Griggs
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina Aiken, 471 University Pkwy, Aiken, SC, 29801, USA
| | - Brian Parr
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina Aiken, 471 University Pkwy, Aiken, SC, 29801, USA
| | - Nathan S Vandegrift
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina Aiken, 471 University Pkwy, Aiken, SC, 29801, USA
| | - Laura Jelsone-Swain
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina Aiken, 471 University Pkwy, Aiken, SC, 29801, USA.
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Wu CH, Nien JT, Lin CY, Li RH, Chu CH, Kao SC, Chang YK. Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with sustained neurocognitive function during a prolonged inhibitory control task in young adults: An ERP study. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e14086. [PMID: 35506488 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although beneficial associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive function have been established, whether cardiorespiratory fitness is related to behavioral and neuroelectric indices of performance during a prolonged inhibitory control task remains unknown. Young adults, categorized into High and Low Fitness groups, completed a 60-min Stroop task, while the N1 and P3 components of event-related potentials were measured. The results showed that the High Fitness group demonstrated shorter response times, regardless of the Stroop task congruency or time-on-task, than Low Fitness group. The High Fitness group also exhibited larger P3 amplitudes than the Low Fitness group, but no differences in N1 amplitudes were observed. These findings suggest that cardiorespiratory fitness during young adulthood has beneficial effects on task performance and attention allocation during an inhibitory control task, and these benefits can be sustained for 60 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Han Wu
- Department of Physical Education, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jui-Ti Nien
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chi-Yen Lin
- Office of Physical Education, National Taiwan Oceans University, Keelung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ruei-Hong Li
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chien-Heng Chu
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Chu Kao
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Yu-Kai Chang
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Physical Exercise Effects on University Students’ Attention: An EEG Analysis Approach. ELECTRONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics11050770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Physically active breaks (AB) are currently being proposed as an interesting tool to improve students’ attention. Reviews and meta-analyses confirm their effect on attention, but also warned about the sparse evidence based on vigilance and university students. Therefore, this pilot study aimed to (a) determine the effects of AB in comparison with passive breaks on university students’ vigilance and (b) to validate an analysis model based on machine learning algorithms in conjunction with a multiparametric model based on electroencephalography (EEG) signal features. Through a counterbalanced within-subject experimental study, six university students (two female; mean age = 25.67, STD = 3.61) had their vigilance performances (i.e., response time in Psycho-Motor Vigilance Task) and EEG measured, before and after a lecture with an AB and another lecture with a passive break. A multiparametric model based on the spectral power, signal entropy and response time has been developed. Furthermore, this model, together with different machine learning algorithms, shows that for the taken signals there are significant differences after the AB lesson, implying an improvement in attention. These differences are most noticeable with the SVM with RBF kernel and ANNs with F1-score of 85% and 88%, respectively. In conclusion, results showed that students performed better on vigilance after the lecture with AB. Although limited, the evidence found could help researchers to be more accurate in their EEG analyses and lecturers and teachers to improve their students’ attentions in a proper way.
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Hernández D, Heinilä E, Muotka J, Ruotsalainen I, Lapinkero HM, Syväoja H, Tammelin TH, Parviainen T. Physical activity and aerobic fitness show different associations with brain processes underlying anticipatory selective visuospatial attention in adolescents. Brain Res 2021; 1761:147392. [PMID: 33639201 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Current knowledge about the underlying brain processes of exercise-related benefits on executive functions and the specific contributions of physical activity and aerobic fitness during adolescence is inconclusive. We explored whether and how physical activity and aerobic fitness are associated with the oscillatory dynamics underlying anticipatory spatial attention. We studied whether the link between physical exercise level and cognitive control in adolescents is mediated by task-related oscillatory activity. Magnetoencephalographic alpha oscillations during a modified Posner's cueing paradigm were measured in 59 adolescents (37 females and 22 males, 12-17 years). Accelerometer-measured physical activity and aerobic fitness (20-m shuttle run test) were used to divide the sample into higher- and lower-performing groups. The interhemispheric alpha asymmetry during selective attention was larger in the high than in the low physical activity group, but there was no difference between the high and low aerobic fitness groups. Exploratory mediation analysis suggested that anticipatory interhemispheric asymmetry mediates the association between physical activity status and drift rate in the selective attention task. Higher physical activity was related to increased cue-induced asymmetry, which in turn was associated with less efficient processing of information. Behaviorally, more physically active males showed stronger dependence on the cue, while more fit females showed more efficient processing of information. Our findings suggest that physical activity may be associated with a neural marker of anticipatory attention in adolescents. These findings might help to explain the varying results regarding the association of physical activity and aerobic fitness with attention and inhibition in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Hernández
- Department of Psychology, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, University of Jyväskylä, Mattilanniemi 6, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Erkka Heinilä
- Department of Psychology, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, University of Jyväskylä, Mattilanniemi 6, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Joona Muotka
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Mattilanniemi 6, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ilona Ruotsalainen
- Department of Psychology, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, University of Jyväskylä, Mattilanniemi 6, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Hanna-Maija Lapinkero
- Department of Psychology, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, University of Jyväskylä, Mattilanniemi 6, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Heidi Syväoja
- LIKES Research Center for Physical Activity and Health, Jyväskylä, Rautpohjankatu 8, FIN-40700 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tuija H Tammelin
- LIKES Research Center for Physical Activity and Health, Jyväskylä, Rautpohjankatu 8, FIN-40700 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tiina Parviainen
- Department of Psychology, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, University of Jyväskylä, Mattilanniemi 6, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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