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Rajeev V, Tabassum NI, Fann DY, Chen CP, Lai MK, Arumugam TV. Intermittent Metabolic Switching and Vascular Cognitive Impairment. J Obes Metab Syndr 2024; 33:92-107. [PMID: 38736362 PMCID: PMC11224924 DOI: 10.7570/jomes24010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF), a dietary pattern alternating between eating and fasting periods within a 24-hour cycle, has garnered recognition for its potential to enhance both healthspan and lifespan in animal models and humans. It also shows promise in alleviating age-related diseases, including neurodegeneration. Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) spans a severity range from mild cognitive deficits to severe cognitive deficits and loss of function in vascular dementia. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion has emerged as a significant contributor to VCI, instigating vascular pathologies such as microbleeds, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, neuronal loss, and white matter lesions. Preclinical studies in rodents strongly suggest that IF has the potential to attenuate pathological mechanisms, including excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death pathways in VCI models. Hence, this supports evaluating IF in clinical trials for both existing and at-risk VCI patients. This review compiles existing data supporting IF's potential in treating VCI-related vascular and neuronal pathologies, emphasizing the mechanisms by which IF may mitigate these issues. Hence providing a comprehensive overview of the available data supporting IF's potential in treating VCI by emphasizing the underlying mechanisms that make IF a promising intervention for VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vismitha Rajeev
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nishat I. Tabassum
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - David Y. Fann
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher P. Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Mitchell K.P. Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Thiruma V. Arumugam
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
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Patel S, Yan Z, Remedi MS. Intermittent fasting protects β-cell identity and function in a type-2 diabetes model. Metabolism 2024; 153:155813. [PMID: 38307325 PMCID: PMC10985623 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is caused by the interaction of multiple genes and environmental factors. T2DM is characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin secretion deficiency and insulin resistance. Chronic hyperglycemia induces β-cell dysfunction, loss of β-cell mass/identity and β-cell dedifferentiation. Intermittent fasting (IF) a commonly used dietary regimen for weight-loss, also induces metabolic benefits including reduced blood glucose, improved insulin sensitivity, reduced adiposity, inflammation, oxidative-stress and increased fatty-acid oxidation; however, the mechanisms underlying these effects in pancreatic β-cells remain elusive. KK and KKAy, mouse models of polygenic T2DM spontaneously develop hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, glucosuria, impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance. To determine the long-term effects of IF on T2DM, 6-weeks old KK and KKAy mice were subjected to IF for 16 weeks. While KKAy mice fed ad-libitum demonstrated severe hyperglycemia (460 mg/dL) at 6 weeks of age, KK mice showed blood glucose levels of 230 mg/dL, but progressively became severely diabetic by 22-weeks. Strikingly, both KK and KKAy mice subjected to IF showed reduced blood glucose and plasma insulin levels, decreased body weight gain, reduced plasma triglycerides and cholesterol, and improved insulin sensitivity. They also demonstrated enhanced expression of the β-cell transcription factors NKX6.1, MAFA and PDX1, and decreased expression of ALDH1a3 suggesting protection from loss of β-cell identity by IF. IF normalized glucose stimulated insulin secretion in islets from KK and KKAy mice, demonstrating improved β-cell function. In addition, hepatic steatosis, gluconeogenesis and inflammation was decreased particularly in KKAy-IF mice, indicating peripheral benefits of IF. These results have important implications as an optional intervention for preservation of β-cell identity and function in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Patel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Zihan Yan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Maria S Remedi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO, United States of America; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO, United States of America; Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO, United States of America.
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Cheng WY, Desmet L, Depoortere I. Time-restricted eating for chronodisruption-related chronic diseases. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 239:e14027. [PMID: 37553828 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The circadian timing system enables organisms to adapt their physiology and behavior to the cyclic environmental changes including light-dark cycle or food availability. Misalignment between the endogenous circadian rhythms and external cues is known as chronodisruption and is closely associated with the development of metabolic and gastrointestinal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Time-restricted eating (TRE, in human) is an emerging dietary approach for weight management. Recent studies have shown that TRE or time-restricted feeding (TRF, when referring to animals) has several beneficial health effects, which, however, are not limited to weight management. This review summarizes the effects of TRE/TRF on regulating energy metabolism, gut microbiota and homeostasis, development of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Furthermore, we will address the role of circadian clocks in TRE/TRF and propose ways to optimize TRE as a dietary strategy to obtain maximal health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Yin Cheng
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Gut Peptide Research Lab, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Louis Desmet
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Gut Peptide Research Lab, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge Depoortere
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Gut Peptide Research Lab, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Mulcahy MC, El Habbal N, Snyder D, Redd JR, Sun H, Gregg BE, Bridges D. Gestational Early-Time Restricted Feeding Results in Sex-Specific Glucose Intolerance in Adult Male Mice. J Obes 2023; 2023:6666613. [PMID: 37808966 PMCID: PMC10558268 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6666613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The timing of food intake is a novel dietary component that impacts health. Time-restricted feeding (TRF), a form of intermittent fasting, manipulates food timing. The timing of eating may be an important factor to consider during critical periods, such as pregnancy. Nutrition during pregnancy, too, can have a lasting impact on offspring health. The timing of food intake has not been thoroughly investigated in models of pregnancy, despite evidence that interest in the practice exists. Therefore, using a mouse model, we tested body composition and glycemic health of gestational early TRF (eTRF) in male and female offspring from weaning to adulthood on a chow diet and after a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet challenge. Body composition was similar between groups in both sexes from weaning to adulthood, with minor increases in food intake in eTRF females and slightly improved glucose tolerance in males while on a chow diet. However, after 10 weeks of HFHS, male eTRF offspring developed glucose intolerance. Further studies should assess the susceptibility of males, and apparent resilience of females, to gestational eTRF and assess mechanisms underlying these changes in adult males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly C. Mulcahy
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Noura El Habbal
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Detrick Snyder
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - JeAnna R. Redd
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Haijing Sun
- Michigan Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brigid E. Gregg
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dave Bridges
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Tang D, Tang Q, Huang W, Zhang Y, Tian Y, Fu X. Fasting: From Physiology to Pathology. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204487. [PMID: 36737846 PMCID: PMC10037992 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Overnutrition is a risk factor for various human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancers. Therefore, targeting overnutrition represents a simple but attractive strategy for the treatment of these increasing public health threats. Fasting as a dietary intervention for combating overnutrition has been extensively studied. Fasting has been practiced for millennia, but only recently have its roles in the molecular clock, gut microbiome, and tissue homeostasis and function emerged. Fasting can slow aging in most species and protect against various human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancers. These centuried and unfading adventures and explorations suggest that fasting has the potential to delay aging and help prevent and treat diseases while minimizing side effects caused by chronic dietary interventions. In this review, recent animal and human studies concerning the role and underlying mechanism of fasting in physiology and pathology are summarized, the therapeutic potential of fasting is highlighted, and the combination of pharmacological intervention and fasting is discussed as a new treatment regimen for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Tang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Qiuyan Tang
- Neurology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Clinical MedicineChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduSichuan610075China
| | - Wei Huang
- West China Centre of Excellence for PancreatitisInstitute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineWest China‐Liverpool Biomedical Research CentreWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Yan Tian
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuan610041China
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Deng J, Feng D, Jia X, Zhai S, Liu Y, Gao N, Zhang X, Li M, Lu M, Liu C, Dang S, Shi J. Efficacy and mechanism of intermittent fasting in metabolic associated fatty liver disease based on ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Front Nutr 2022; 9:838091. [PMID: 36451744 PMCID: PMC9704542 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.838091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Drug treatment of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) remains lacking. This study analyzes the efficacy and mechanism underlying intermittent fasting combined with lipidomics. METHODS Thirty-two male rats were randomly divided into three groups: Normal group, administered a standard diet; MAFLD group, administered a 60% high-fat diet; time-restricted feeding (TRF) group, administered a 60% high-fat diet. Eating was allowed for 6 h per day (16:00-22:00). After 15 weeks, liver lipidomics and other indicators were compared. RESULTS A total of 1,062 metabolites were detected. Compared with the Normal group, the weight, body fat ratio, aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol, low-density cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, uric acid, and levels of 317 lipids including triglycerides (TG) (17:0-18:1-20:4) were upregulated, whereas the levels of 265 lipids including phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) (17:0-20:5) were downregulated in the MAFLD group (P < 0.05). Compared with the MAFLD group, the weight, body fat ratio, daily food intake, and levels of 253 lipids including TG (17:0-18:1-22:5) were lower in the TRF group. Furthermore, the levels of 82 lipids including phosphatidylcholine (PC) (20:4-22:6) were upregulated in the TRF group (P < 0.05), while serum TG level was increased; however, the increase was not significant (P > 0.05). Enrichment analysis of differential metabolites showed that the pathways associated with the observed changes mainly included metabolic pathways, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, and fat digestion and absorption, while reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction showed that TRF improved the abnormal expression of FAS and PPARα genes in the MAFLD group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that 6 h of TRF can improve MAFLD via reducing food intake by 13% and improving the expression of genes in the PPARα/FAS pathway, thereby providing insights into the prevention and treatment of MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Deng
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dandan Feng
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoli Jia
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Song Zhai
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yixin Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ning Gao
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengnan Lu
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenrui Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuangsuo Dang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juanjuan Shi
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Lindholm C, Batakis P, Altimiras J, Lees J. Intermittent fasting induces chronic changes in the hepatic gene expression of Red Jungle Fowl (Gallus gallus). BMC Genomics 2022; 23:304. [PMID: 35421924 PMCID: PMC9009039 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08533-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intermittent fasting (IF), the implementation of fasting periods of at least 12 consecutive hours on a daily to weekly basis, has received a lot of attention in recent years for imparting the life-prolonging and health-promoting effects of caloric restriction with no or only moderate actual restriction of caloric intake. IF is also widely practiced in the rearing of broiler breeders, the parent stock of meat-type chickens, who require strict feed restriction regimens to prevent the serious health problems associated with their intense appetites. Although intermittent fasting has been extensively used in this context to reduce feed competition and its resulting stress, the potential of IF in chickens as an alternative and complementary model to rodents has received less investigation. In both mammals and birds, the liver is a key component of the metabolic response to IF, responding to variations in energy balance. Here we use a microarray analysis to examine the liver transcriptomics of wild-type Red Jungle Fowl chickens fed either ad libitum, chronically restricted to around 70% of ad libitum daily or intermittently fasted (IF) on a 2:1 (2 days fed, 1 day fasted) schedule without actual caloric restriction. As red junglefowl are ancestral to domestic chicken breeds, these data serve as a baseline to which existing and future transcriptomic results from farmed birds such as broiler breeders can be compared. Results We find large effects of feeding regimen on liver transcriptomics, with most of the affected genes relating to energy metabolism. A cluster analysis shows that IF is associated with large and reciprocal changes in genes related to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, but also chronic changes in genes related to amino acid metabolism (generally down-regulated) and cell cycle progression (generally up-regulated). The overall transcription pattern appears to be one of promoting high proliferative plasticity in response to fluctuations in available energy substrates. A small number of inflammation-related genes also show chronically changed expression profiles, as does one circadian rhythm gene. Conclusions The increase in proliferative potential suggested by the gene expression changes reported here indicates that birds and mammals respond similarly to intermittent fasting practices. Our findings therefore suggest that the health benefits of periodic caloric restriction are ubiquitous and not restricted to mammals alone. Whether a common fundamental mechanism, for example involving leptin, underpins these benefits remains to be elucidated. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08533-5.
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Raji-Amirhasani A, Khaksari M, Shahrokhi N, Soltani Z, Nazari-Robati M, Mahani FD, Hajializadeh Z, Sabet N. Comparison of the effects of different dietary regimens on susceptibility to experimental acute kidney injury: the role of SIRT1 and TGF-β1. Nutrition 2022; 96:111588. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Papamichou D, Panagiotakos DB, Holmes E, Koutsakis P, Katsoulotos H, Loo RL, Itsiopoulos C. The rationale and design of a Mediterranean diet accompanied by time restricted feeding to optimise the management of type 2 diabetes: The MedDietFast randomised controlled trial. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:220-230. [PMID: 34836715 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Substantial scientific evidence supports the effectiveness of a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Potential benefits of time restricted feeding (TRF) in T2DM are unknown. The MedDietFast trial aims to investigate the efficacy of a MedDiet with or without TRF compared to standard care diet in managing T2DM. METHODS AND RESULTS 120 adults aged 20-75 with a body mass index (BMI) of 20-35 kg/m2 and T2DM will be randomised in a 3-arm parallel design to follow an ad libitum MedDiet with or without 12-h TRF or the standard Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADG) for 24 weeks. All groups will receive dietary counselling fortnightly for 12 weeks and monthly thereafter. The primary outcome is changes in HbA1c from baseline to 12 and 24 weeks. Secondary outcomes include fasting blood glucose, insulin, blood lipids, weight loss, insulin resistance index (HOMA), Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and high-sensitivity C- reactive protein (hs-CRP). Data on medical history, anthropometry, wellbeing, MedDiet adherence and satiety will be measured at a private clinic via self-report questionnaires at baseline, 6, 12 and 24 weeks. Additionally, specimens (blood, urine and stool) will be collected at all time points for future omics analysis. CONCLUSION The MedDietFast trial will examine the feasibility and effectiveness of a MedDiet with/without TRF in T2DM patients. Potential synergistic effects of a MedDiet with TRF will be evaluated. Future studies will generate microbiomic and metabolomic data for translation of findings into simple and effective management plans for T2DM patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register, ACTRN12619000246189.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Papamichou
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece; Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Australia
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; Centre for Computational Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA6150, Australia
| | - Polychronis Koutsakis
- Discipline of Information Technology, Media and Communications, Murdoch University, NSW, 2217, Australia
| | | | - Ruey L Loo
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; Centre for Computational Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA6150, Australia
| | - Catherine Itsiopoulos
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.
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Guo X, Zheng J, Zhang S, Jiang X, Chen T, Yu J, Wang S, Ma X, Wu C. Advances in Unhealthy Nutrition and Circadian Dysregulation in Pathophysiology of NAFLD. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2021; 2:691828. [PMID: 36994336 PMCID: PMC10012147 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2021.691828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Unhealthy diets and lifestyle result in various metabolic conditions including metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Much evidence indicates that disruption of circadian rhythms contributes to the development and progression of excessive hepatic fat deposition and inflammation, as well as liver fibrosis, a key characteristic of non-steatohepatitis (NASH) or the advanced form of NAFLD. In this review, we emphasize the importance of nutrition as a critical factor in the regulation of circadian clock in the liver. We also focus on the roles of the rhythms of nutrient intake and the composition of diets in the regulation of circadian clocks in the context of controlling hepatic glucose and fat metabolism. We then summarize the effects of unhealthy nutrition and circadian dysregulation on the development of hepatic steatosis and inflammation. A better understanding of how the interplay among nutrition, circadian rhythms, and dysregulated metabolism result in hepatic steatosis and inflammation can help develop improved preventive and/or therapeutic strategies for managing NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Guo, ; Chaodong Wu,
| | - Juan Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Shixiu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaofan Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayu Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu'e Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaomin Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Xin Guo, ; Chaodong Wu,
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