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Ma DD, Shi WJ, Li SY, Zhang JG, Lu ZJ, Long XB, Liu X, Huang CS, Ying GG. Ephedrine and cocaine cause developmental neurotoxicity and abnormal behavior in zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 265:106765. [PMID: 37979497 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Ephedrine (EPH) and cocaine (COC) are illegal stimulant drugs, and have been frequently detected in aquatic environments. EPH and COC have negative effects on the nervous system and cause abnormal behaviors in mammals and fish at high concentrations, but their mechanisms of neurotoxicity remain unclear in larvae fish at low concentrations. To address this issue, zebrafish embryos were exposed to EPH and COC for 14 days post-fertilization (dpf) at 10, 100, and 1000 ng L-1. The bioaccumulation, development, behavior, cell neurotransmitter levels and apoptosis were detected to investigate the developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) of EPH and COC. The results showed that EPH decreased heart rate, while COC increased heart rate. EPH caused cell apoptosis in the brain by AO staining. In addition, behavior analysis indicated that EPH and COC affected spontaneous movement, touch-response, swimming activity and anxiety-like behaviors. EPH and COC altered the levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine (DA) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) with changes of the transcription of genes related to the DA and GABA pathways. These findings indicated that EPH and COC had noticeable DNT in the early stage of zebrafish at environmentally relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Ma
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wen-Jun Shi
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China; Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province and National Anti-Drug Laboratory Guangdong Regional Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychoactive Substances Monitoring and Safety, Guangzhou 510230, China.
| | - Si-Ying Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jin-Ge Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Lu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Long
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province and National Anti-Drug Laboratory Guangdong Regional Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychoactive Substances Monitoring and Safety, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Chu-Shu Huang
- Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province and National Anti-Drug Laboratory Guangdong Regional Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychoactive Substances Monitoring and Safety, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China; Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province and National Anti-Drug Laboratory Guangdong Regional Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychoactive Substances Monitoring and Safety, Guangzhou 510230, China.
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Giovana Maciel Reis C, Rocha-Gomes A, Escobar Teixeira A, Gomes de Oliveira D, Mainy Oliveira Santiago C, Alves da Silva A, Regina Riul T, de Jesus Oliveira E. Short-term Cafeteria Diet Is Associated with Fat Mass Accumulation, Systemic and Amygdala Inflammation, and Anxiety-like Behavior in Adult Male Wistar Rats. Neuroscience 2023; 515:37-52. [PMID: 36773840 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is linked to metabolic, hormonal and biochemical alterations, and is also a risk factor for behavioral disorders. Evidence suggests that these disorders may be related to the consumption of hypercaloric diets, fat mass accumulation and changes in inflammation and redox status. Although much is known about the chronic effects of hypercaloric diets on mental health, few studies have evaluated the consequences of short-term exposure of these diets on behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate nutritional, behavioral (anxiety-like), inflammatory and redox status parameters in adult male Wistar rats exposed to short-term cafeteria diet. Adult Wistar male rats (90 days-old; n = 12/group) received, during 14 days, the diets: Control- standard diet; Simple Cafeteria Diet (SCD)- homogeneous cafeteria diet. Varied Cafeteria Diet (VCD)- cafeteria diet with rotation and variation. Nutritional analyzes and tests for anxiety-like behaviors were performed, in addition to inflammatory and redox status measurements in blood and amygdala. The SCD group showed higher fat energy intake, while the VCD group consumed more energy from carbohydrates. SCD and VCD showed higher fat mass accumulation, in addition to higher levels of TNFα, INFγ, TBARS and FRAP in the blood. Also, SCD and VCD groups reported high levels of TNFα in the amygdala. Regarding behavioral evaluations, SCD and VCD groups showed anxiogenesis in the elevated plus maze, light-dark box, and open field tests. Therefore, the two cafeteria diets induced obesity and systemic inflammation, which in turn, resulted in an increase in amygdala TNFα levels and anxiety-like behaviors in Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Giovana Maciel Reis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina-MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental - LabNutrex - Departamento de Nutrição. Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina-MG, Brazil
| | - Arthur Rocha-Gomes
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | - Amanda Escobar Teixeira
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental - LabNutrex - Departamento de Nutrição. Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina-MG, Brazil
| | - Dalila Gomes de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina-MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental - LabNutrex - Departamento de Nutrição. Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina-MG, Brazil
| | - Camilla Mainy Oliveira Santiago
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental - LabNutrex - Departamento de Nutrição. Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina-MG, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina-MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Alves da Silva
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental - LabNutrex - Departamento de Nutrição. Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina-MG, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina-MG, Brazil
| | - Tania Regina Riul
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental - LabNutrex - Departamento de Nutrição. Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina-MG, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina-MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo de Jesus Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina-MG, Brazil.
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Rapps K, Kisliouk T, Marco A, Weller A, Meiri N. Dieting reverses histone methylation and hypothalamic AgRP regulation in obese rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1121829. [PMID: 36817590 PMCID: PMC9930686 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1121829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although dieting is a key factor in improving physiological functions associated with obesity, the role by which histone methylation modulates satiety/hunger regulation of the hypothalamus through weight loss remains largely elusive. Canonically, H3K9me2 is a transcriptional repressive post-translational epigenetic modification that is involved in obesity, however, its role in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) has not been thoroughly explored. Here we explore the role that KDM4D, a specific demethylase of residue H3K9, plays in energy balance by directly modulating the expression of AgRP, a key neuropeptide that regulates hunger response. METHODS We used a rodent model of diet-induced obesity (DIO) to assess whether histone methylation malprogramming impairs energy balance control and how caloric restriction may reverse this phenotype. Using ChIP-qPCR, we assessed the repressive modification of H3K9me2 at the site of AgRP. To elucidate the functional role of KDM4D in reversing obesity via dieting, a pharmacological agent, JIB-04 was used to inhibit the action of KDM4D in vivo. RESULTS In DIO, downregulation of Kdm4d mRNA results in both enrichment of H3K9me2 on the AgRP promoter and transcriptional repression of AgRP. Because epigenetic modifications are dynamic, it is possible for some of these modifications to be reversed when external cues are altered. The reversal phenomenon was observed in calorically restricted rats, in which upregulation of Kdm4d mRNA resulted in demethylation of H3K9 on the AgRP promoter and transcriptional increase of AgRP. In order to verify that KDM4D is necessary to reverse obesity by dieting, we demonstrated that in vivo inhibition of KDM4D activity by pharmacological agent JIB-04 in naïve rats resulted in transcriptional repression of AgRP, decreasing orexigenic signaling, thus inhibiting hunger. DISCUSSION We propose that the action of KDM4D through the demethylation of H3K9 is critical in maintaining a stable epigenetic landscape of the AgRP promoter, and may offer a target to develop new treatments for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Rapps
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZiyyon, Israel
- Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Tatiana Kisliouk
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZiyyon, Israel
| | - Asaf Marco
- Neuro-Epigenetics Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aron Weller
- Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Noam Meiri
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZiyyon, Israel
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Iwasaki W, Yoshida R, Liu H, Hori S, Otsubo Y, Tanaka Y, Sato M, Ishizuka S. The ratio of 12α to non-12-hydroxylated bile acids reflects hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16707. [PMID: 36202928 PMCID: PMC9537321 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20838-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, enterohepatic 12α-hydroxylated (12α) bile acid (BA) levels were found to be correlated with hepatic triacylglycerol concentration in rats fed high-fat (HF) diet. Since BA composition is diverse depending on animal species, we evaluated whether such a relationship is applicable in mice in response to an HF diet. C57BL/6JJmsSLC (B6) male mice were fed HF diet for 13 weeks and analyzed for triacylglycerol, cholesterol, oxysterols, and other metabolites in the liver. The BA composition was determined in the liver, small intestinal contents, portal plasma, aortic plasma, and feces. Neutral sterols were also measured in the feces. The ratio of 12α BA/non-12 BA increased in the liver, portal plasma, small intestinal contents, and feces of HF-fed B6 mice. Moreover, a positive correlation was observed between the ratio of fecal 12α BAs/non-12 BAs and hepatic triacylglycerol concentration. The concentration of 7α-hydroxycholesterol was increased in the liver of HF-fed B6 mice, whereas no increase was observed in the hepatic expression of cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1. The present study showed that the ratio of 12α BA/non-12 BA in feces is closely associated with hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation in B6 mice fed HF diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakana Iwasaki
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Ryo Yoshida
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Hongxia Liu
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Shota Hori
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yuki Otsubo
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0385, Japan
| | - Yasutake Tanaka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0385, Japan
| | - Masao Sato
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0385, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishizuka
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan.
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Leal PEDPT, da Silva AA, Rocha-Gomes A, Riul TR, Cunha RA, Reichetzeder C, Villela DC. High-Salt Diet in the Pre- and Postweaning Periods Leads to Amygdala Oxidative Stress and Changes in Locomotion and Anxiety-Like Behaviors of Male Wistar Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 15:779080. [PMID: 35058757 PMCID: PMC8763963 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.779080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High-salt (HS) diets have recently been linked to oxidative stress in the brain, a fact that may be a precursor to behavioral changes, such as those involving anxiety-like behavior. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has evaluated the amygdala redox status after consuming a HS diet in the pre- or postweaning periods. This study aimed to evaluate the amygdala redox status and anxiety-like behaviors in adulthood, after inclusion of HS diet in two periods: preconception, gestation, and lactation (preweaning); and only after weaning (postweaning). Initially, 18 females and 9 male Wistar rats received a standard (n = 9 females and 4 males) or a HS diet (n = 9 females and 5 males) for 120 days. After mating, females continued to receive the aforementioned diets during gestation and lactation. Weaning occurred at 21-day-old Wistar rats and the male offspring were subdivided: control-control (C-C)—offspring of standard diet fed dams who received a standard diet after weaning (n = 9–11), control-HS (C-HS)—offspring of standard diet fed dams who received a HS diet after weaning (n = 9–11), HS-C—offspring of HS diet fed dams who received a standard diet after weaning (n = 9–11), and HS-HS—offspring of HS diet fed dams who received a HS diet after weaning (n = 9–11). At adulthood, the male offspring performed the elevated plus maze and open field tests. At 152-day-old Wistar rats, the offspring were euthanized and the amygdala was removed for redox state analysis. The HS-HS group showed higher locomotion and rearing frequency in the open field test. These results indicate that this group developed hyperactivity. The C-HS group had a higher ratio of entries and time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze test in addition to a higher head-dipping frequency. These results suggest less anxiety-like behaviors. In the analysis of the redox state, less activity of antioxidant enzymes and higher levels of the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the amygdala were shown in the amygdala of animals that received a high-salt diet regardless of the period (pre- or postweaning). In conclusion, the high-salt diet promoted hyperactivity when administered in the pre- and postweaning periods. In animals that received only in the postweaning period, the addition of salt induced a reduction in anxiety-like behaviors. Also, regardless of the period, salt provided amygdala oxidative stress, which may be linked to the observed behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ernesto de Pinho Tavares Leal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental – LabNutrex, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Alves da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental – LabNutrex, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Arthur Rocha-Gomes
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental – LabNutrex, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Tania Regina Riul
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental – LabNutrex, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Rennan Augusto Cunha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Christoph Reichetzeder
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Christoph Reichetzeder,
| | - Daniel Campos Villela
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Daniel Campos Villela,
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