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Do LTM, Huynh TTN, Tran QHN, Nguyen HTM, Nguyen TTA, Nguyen TTN, Nguyen PHH, Sichaem J. Placoisoflavones A and B, two new cytotoxic isoflavonoids from Placolobium vietnamense N.D.Khôi & Yakovlev. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:112-118. [PMID: 35945810 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2110092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Two previously unreported isoflavonoids, placoisoflavones A and B (1 and 2), along with five known compounds, calopogonium isoflavone B (3), jamaicin (4), 6-methoxycalopogonium isoflavone A (5), vestitol (6), and caviunin (7) have been isolated from the stems of Placolobium vietnamense N.D.Khôi & Yakovlev. The structures of all isolated compounds were fully characterized using spectroscopic data and comparison with the previous literature. The cytotoxicity of all isolated compounds was evaluated against HepG2 cell line, and compound 1 showed the most potent cytotoxicity with an IC50 value of 8.0 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien T M Do
- Sai Gon University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | - Tuyet T A Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Jirapast Sichaem
- Research Unit in Natural Products Chemistry and Bioactivities, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University Lampang Campus, Lampang, Thailand
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Nassief SM, Amer ME, Shawky E, Sishtla K, Mas-Claret E, Muniyandi A, Corson TW, Mulholland DA, El-Masry S. Antiangiogenic Pterocarpan and Flavonoid Constituents of Erythrina lysistemon. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:759-766. [PMID: 36938984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The roots of Erythrina lysistemon, growing in Egypt, yielded 24 flavonoid compounds, including 17 pterocarpans, two isoflavanones, one flavanone, two isoflavans, one 2-arylbenzofuran, and an isoflava-3-ene. Nine pterocarpans have not been reported previously (7-9, 11-14, 19, and 20), and 11 are reported here for the first time from this species. Structures were established using HRESIMS, NMR, and circular dichroism techniques. Selected compounds were tested for their ability to block the growth of human retinal endothelial cells and antiangiogenic activity in vitro. The isoflavonoids 5 and 6, and the pterocarpans 1, 2, 4, 20, and 22 demonstrated selective antiproliferative activities on endothelial cells compared to a nonendothelial cell type, with concentration-dependent antiangiogenic effects in vitro against HRECs, a cell type relevant to neovascular eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Nassief
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alkhartoom Square, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Masouda E Amer
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alkhartoom Square, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Eman Shawky
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alkhartoom Square, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Kamakshi Sishtla
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1160 W. Michigan St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Eduard Mas-Claret
- Natural Products Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Green, Richmond TW9 3AE, United Kingdom
| | - Anbukkarasi Muniyandi
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1160 W. Michigan St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Timothy W Corson
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1160 W. Michigan St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1160 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Dulcie A Mulholland
- Natural Products Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Sawsan El-Masry
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alkhartoom Square, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
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Recent Updates on Development of Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors for Treatment of Diabetes, Obesity and Related Disorders. Bioorg Chem 2022; 121:105626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Florian SU, Sepulveda B, Torres-Benítez A, Simirgiotis MJ, Fuentes-Estrada M, Areche C, García-Beltrán O. Erythrinoid and indol alkaloids isolated from the seeds of Erythrina rubrinervia Kunth: Chemotaxonomic significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2021.104295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Obakiro SB, Kiprop A, Kigondu E, K'Owino I, Odero MP, Manyim S, Omara T, Namukobe J, Owor RO, Gavamukulya Y, Bunalema L. Traditional Medicinal Uses, Phytoconstituents, Bioactivities, and Toxicities of Erythrina abyssinica Lam. ex DC. (Fabaceae): A Systematic Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:5513484. [PMID: 33763144 PMCID: PMC7952165 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5513484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have been undertaken on the medicinal values of Erythrina abyssinica Lam. ex DC. (Fabaceae). The details, however, are highly fragmented in different journals, libraries, and other publication media. This study was therefore conducted to provide a comprehensive report on its ethnobotany, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemicals, and the available pharmacological evidence supporting its efficacy and safety in traditional medicine. METHOD We collected data using a PROSPERO registered systematic review protocol on the ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and ethnopharmacology of Erythrina abyssinica from 132 reports that were retrieved from electronic databases. Documented local names, morphology, growth habit and habitat, ethnomedicinal and nonmedicinal uses, diseases treated, parts used, method of preparation and administration, extraction and chemical identity of isolated compounds, and efficacy and toxicity of extracts and isolated compounds were captured. Numerical data were summarized into means, percentages, and frequencies and presented as graphs and tables. RESULTS Erythrina abyssinica is harvested by traditional herbal medicine practitioners in East, Central, and South African communities to prepare herbal remedies for various human and livestock ailments. These include bacterial and fungal infections, tuberculosis, malaria, HIV/AIDS, diarrhea, cancer, meningitis, inflammatory diseases, urinary tract infections, wounds, diabetes mellitus, and skin and soft tissue injuries. Different extracts and phytochemicals from parts of E. abyssinica have been scientifically proven to possess anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, antiplasmodial, antiproliferative, antifungal, antimycobacterial, antidiarrheal, anti-HIV 1, antidiabetic, and antiobesity activities. This versatile pharmacological activity is due to the abundant flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids present in its different parts. CONCLUSION Erythrina abyssinica is an important ethnomedicinal plant in Africa harboring useful pharmacologically active phytochemicals against various diseases with significant efficacies and minimal toxicity to mammalian cells. Therefore, this plant should be conserved and its potential to provide novel molecules against diseases be explored further. Clinical trials that evaluate the efficacy and safety of extracts and isolated compounds from E. abyssinica are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Baker Obakiro
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, P.O. Box 1460, Mbale, Uganda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences and Aerospace Studies, Moi University, P.O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
- Africa Centre of Excellence II in Phytochemicals, Textiles and Renewable Energy (ACE II PTRE), Moi University, P.O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Ambrose Kiprop
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences and Aerospace Studies, Moi University, P.O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
- Africa Centre of Excellence II in Phytochemicals, Textiles and Renewable Energy (ACE II PTRE), Moi University, P.O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Elizabeth Kigondu
- Centre of Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Isaac K'Owino
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masinde-Muliro University, P.O. Box 190-50100, Kakamega, Kenya
- Africa Centre of Excellence II in Phytochemicals, Textiles and Renewable Energy (ACE II PTRE), Moi University, P.O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Mark Peter Odero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences and Aerospace Studies, Moi University, P.O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
- Africa Centre of Excellence II in Phytochemicals, Textiles and Renewable Energy (ACE II PTRE), Moi University, P.O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Scolastica Manyim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences and Aerospace Studies, Moi University, P.O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
- Africa Centre of Excellence II in Phytochemicals, Textiles and Renewable Energy (ACE II PTRE), Moi University, P.O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Timothy Omara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences and Aerospace Studies, Moi University, P.O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
- Africa Centre of Excellence II in Phytochemicals, Textiles and Renewable Energy (ACE II PTRE), Moi University, P.O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
- Department of Quality Control and Quality Assurance, Product Development Directory, AgroWays Uganda Limited, Plot 34-60, Kyabazinga Way, P.O. Box 1924, Jinja, Uganda
| | - Jane Namukobe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Richard Oriko Owor
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Education, Busitema University, P.O. Box 236, Tororo, Uganda
| | - Yahaya Gavamukulya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, P.O. Box 1460, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Lydia Bunalema
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
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Son NT, Elshamy AI. Flavonoids and other Non-alkaloidal Constituents of Genus Erythrina: Phytochemical Review. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 24:20-58. [PMID: 32516097 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666200609141517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genus Erythrina belongs to family Fabaceae, which is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. It has been used in both traditional herbal medicines and pharmacological applications. Original research articles and publications on the overview of alkaloids related to this genus are available, but a supportive systematic review account which highlighted phytochemical aspects of other types of secondary metabolites is currently insufficient. OBJECTIVE With the utilization of data and information from SCI-Finder, Google Scholar, the Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, Chemical Abstracts, ACS journals, Springer, Taylor Francis, Bentham Science and IOP Science, the reliable material sources of this systematic review paper were obtained from the literature published from the 1980s to now. CONCLUSION A vast amount of data showed that the non-alkaloidal secondary metabolites were obtained from genus Erythrina with various classes of chemical structures. Herein, approximately five hundred constituents were isolated, comprising flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, phytosterols, phenols, arylbenzofurans, coumarins, alcohols, ceramides, mono-sugars and fatty acid derivatives. In agreement with the previous phytochemical reports on the plants of the family Fabaceae, flavonoids reached a high amount in the plants of genus Erythrina. Numerous biological activity investigations such as anti-bacteria, anti-cancer, anti-virus using isolated compounds from Erythrina species suggested that secondary metabolites of Erythrina plants are now becoming the promising agents for drug developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninh T Son
- Department of Bioactive Products, Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Abdelsamed I Elshamy
- Department of Natural Compounds Chemistry, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
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Antimicrobial Isoflavones and Derivatives from Erythrina (Fabaceae): Structure Activity Perspective (Sar & Qsar) on Experimental and Mined Values Against Staphylococcus Aureus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9050223. [PMID: 32365905 PMCID: PMC7277434 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9050223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenylated (iso)flavonoids, -flavans and pterocarpans from taxa in Erythrina are repeatedly flagged as potent antimicrobial compounds. In the current study, bark from E. lysistemon was extracted and seven isoflavone derivatives were purified: erybraedin A (1), phaseollidin (2), abyssinone V-4′ methyl ether (3), eryzerin C (4), alpumisoflavone (5), cristacarpin (6) and lysisteisoflavone (7). Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values were determined against a range of species of bacteria (skin pathogens), then values for another 67 derivatives from Erythrina, only against Staphylococcus aureus, were mined from the literature. Of the seven isolates, MIC values widely ranged from 1–600 μg/mL, with no obvious pattern of selectivity for Gram-types. Nevertheless, using the mined and experimentally determined values against S. aureus, Klekota-Roth fragments (Structure Activity Relationship: SAR) were determined then used as molecular descriptors to make a ‘decision tree’ based on structural characters inspired by the classes of antimicrobial potency (classes A-D). Furthermore, to make quantitative predictions of MIC values (Quantitative SAR: QSAR) ‘pace regression’ was utilized and validated (R² = 0.778, Q² = 0.727 and P² = 0.555). Evidently, the position and degree of prenylation is important; however, the presence of hydroxyl groups at positions 5 and 7 in ring A and 4′ in ring B is associated with lower MIC values. While antimicrobial results continue to validate the traditional use of E. lysistemon extracts (or Erythrina generally) in therapeutic applications consistent with anti-infection, it is surprising that this class of compound is not being utilized more often in general industry applications, such as food or cosmetic preservation, or in topical antimicrobial creams. Prenylated (iso)flavonoids are derived from several other Genera, such as Dorstenia (Moraceae), Ficus (Moraceae), Glycyrrhiza (Fabaceae), Paulownia (Lamiales) or Pomifera (Moraceae).
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To DC, Hoang DT, Tran MH, Pham MQ, Huynh NT, Nguyen PH. PTP1B Inhibitory Flavonoids From Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. and Their Growth Inhibition on Human Breast Cancer Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19899517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In our preliminary screening study on the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory and cytotoxic activities, an ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the aerial part of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. was found to inhibit PTP1B activity. Thus, based on assay-guided isolation of this active fraction, ten compounds (1-10) were purified and evaluated for their inhibitory effects on PTP1B and their growth inhibition on MCF7, tamoxifen-resistant MCF7 (MCF7/TAMR), and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines. Among the isolates, compounds 5, 6, 9, and 10 showed potencies against PTP1B with IC50 values of 9.76, 10.12, 6.88, and 8.92 μM, respectively, followed by compounds 1 and 4 with IC50 values of 16.92 and 22.25 μM. Kinetic study showed that the active compounds (1, 5, 9, and 10) possessed mixed-competitive inhibition, which was similar to the positive control (ursolic acid, IC50 value of 3.42 μM, mixed-competitive). The others showed noncompetitive inhibition (4 and 6). In addition, all these active compounds (1, 4-6, and 9-10) displayed growth inhibition on three cancer cell lines, especially the most PTP1B inhibitory flavanones (9 and 10) exhibited comparable inhibitory effects on MCF7, MCF7/TAMR, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells (IC50 values of 11.5 and 15.4, 8.9 and 10.5, and 17.6 and 21.3 μM, respectively) with tamoxifen, the positive control used in this assay (IC50 values of 11.9, 12.1, and 12.7 μM, respectively). The results suggest that these active constituents from O. stamineus might be considered as new natural compounds for the development of anticancer agents via PTP1B inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Cuong To
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Phenikaa Research and Technology Institute (PRATI), A&A Green Phoenix Group JSC, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duc-Thuan Hoang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi National University of Education, Vietnam
| | - Manh-Hung Tran
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Institute for Research and Executive Education (VNUK), The University of Danang, Vietnam
| | - Minh-Quan Pham
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nhu-Tuan Huynh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Dong A University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Phi-Hung Nguyen
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Gris D, Boaretto AG, Marques MR, Damasceno-Junior GA, Carollo CA. Secondary metabolites that could contribute to the monodominance of Erythrina fusca in the Brazilian Pantanal. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:1232-1240. [PMID: 31728821 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Erythrina fusca is a dominant species in the Brazilian Pantanal. We hypothesized that E. fusca possess allelopathic potential and we evaluated effects of extracts on germination and development of Lactuca sativa, a bioindicator species. We tested the effect of leaves, bark, roots, and seeds extracts of E. fusca on germination and speed index, using high, moderate and low concentration (0.2, 1 and 5 mg mL-1). To evaluate effects on development, we subjected seedlings of L. sativa to the same treatments and measured root and aerial part length. High concentration of extracts reduced L. sativa germination; leaves extract caused the maximum reduction on germination of L. sativa, similar to 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); this extract has flavonoids and saponins as main compounds, classes that also occur in the bark and roots extracts in lower concentrations; bark and roots (5 mg mL-1), leaves and roots (1 mg mL-1) decreased these traits as well, but in lower magnitude. A significant reduction in root length was induced by highest concentration of all extracts (5 mg mL-1); the results suggest that erythrinic alkaloids should interfere in the root length once the seeds accumulate almost exclusively this class of compounds. Our results showed that all parts of E. fusca had adverse effects on germination or development of L. sativa, showing that different class of compounds secondary metabolites is involved in this activity. Possibly, this phytotoxicity influences monodominance of E. fusca in Pantanal, but studies are essential to evaluate effects of it on other native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlene Gris
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Galdi Boaretto
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Rita Marques
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Alves Damasceno-Junior
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Carollo
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
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Gbaweng AJY, Daïrou H, Zingué S, Emmanuel T, Tchinda AT, Frédérich M, Mbafor JT. Excelsanone, a new isoflavonoid from Erythrina excelsa (Fabaceae), with in vitro antioxidant and in vitro cytotoxic effects on prostate cancer cells lines. Nat Prod Res 2018; 34:659-667. [PMID: 30406690 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1495639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A new isoflavonoid, excelsanone (2), was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Erythrina excelsa stem bark, together with three known compounds namely 6,8-diprenylgenistein (3), β-sitosterol (1) and sitosteryl-β-D-glucopyranoside (4). Their structures were elucidated using spectroscopic methods (HR-ESI-MS, NMR and IR) and by comparison with some literature data. The antioxidant activity of crude extracts and two isolated compounds was evaluated using free radical scavenging (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Ability Power (FRAP) methods with catechin as standard. The results of the radical scavenging activity showed that excelsanone (2) has a moderate potential with an IC50 of 1.31 mg/ml. The cytotoxicity of compounds 2 and 3 as well as the ethyl acetate extract was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in two prostate cancer cell lines (DU145 and PC3). Excelsanone (2) induced a greater cytotoxicity in all tested cell lines, with a significant inhibition of DU145 cells growth in a concentration-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Joël Yaya Gbaweng
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Hadidjatou Daïrou
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Stephane Zingué
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Talla Emmanuel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Alembert Tiabou Tchinda
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Michel Frédérich
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Joseph Tanyi Mbafor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Min HY, Jung Y, Park KH, Oh WK, Lee HY. Erybraedin A is a potential Src inhibitor that blocks the adhesion and viability of non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 502:145-151. [PMID: 29787750 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The adhesion of cancer cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial for cell proliferation, survival, and metastasis. Thus, it is necessary to inhibit cell-ECM adhesion by blocking the activation of the associated signaling to control cancer. Here, we identify erybraedin A (EBA) as a potential Src inhibitor that blocks cell adhesion and viability in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EBA significantly inhibited the adhesion of NSCLC cells to fibronectin. EBA also markedly inhibited the activation of Src and its downstream targets, including FAK and Akt. The interaction between integrin β1 or integrin β3 and Src was inhibited by EBA treatment. A docking study revealed the bindings of EBA to the ATP-binding pocket and the allosteric regulatory site of the Src kinase. Additionally, EBA markedly inhibited the viability and the colony formation of NSCLC cells and induced apoptotic cell death. These results describe novel biological properties of EBA, which can block the Src-mediated adhesion and survival of NSCLC cells, suggesting the potential of EBA as an anticancer Src inhibitor that warrants further development in advanced preclinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Min
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Jung
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Hee Park
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Keun Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Bibi S, Sakata K. An Integrated Computational Approach for Plant-Based Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non-Receptor Type 1 Inhibitors. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2017; 13:319-335. [PMID: 28382867 PMCID: PMC5744427 DOI: 10.2174/1573409913666170406145607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1 is a therapeutic target for the type 2 diabetes mellitus. According to the International Diabetes Federation 2015 report, one out of 11 adults suffers from diabetes mellitus globally. OBJECTIVE Current anti-diabetic drugs can cause life-threatening side-effects. The present study proposes a pipeline for the development of effective and plant-derived anti-diabetic drugs that may be safer and better tolerated. METHODS Plant-derived protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1 inhibitors possessing antidiabetic activity less than 10µM were used as a training set. A common feature pharmacophore model was generated. Pharmacophore-based screening of plant-derived compounds of the ZINC database was conducted using ZINCpharmer. Screened hits were assessed to evaluate their drug-likeness, pharmacokinetics, detailed binding behavior, and aggregator possibility based on their physiochemical properties and chemical similarity with reported aggregators. RESULTS Through virtual screening and in silico pharmacology protocol isosilybin (ZINC30731533) was identified as a lead compound with optimal properties. This compound can be recommended for laboratory tests and further analyses to confirm its activity as protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 1 inhibitor. CONCLUSION The present study has identified plant-derived anti-diabetic virtual lead compound with the potential to inhibit protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1, which may be helpful to enhance insulin production. This computer-aided study could facilitate the development of novel pharmacological inhibitors for diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabana Bibi
- Department of Environment and Life Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Katsumi Sakata
- Department of Environment and Life Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi, Japan
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Polyphenols from Erythrina crista-galli: Structures, Molecular Docking and Phytoestrogenic Activity. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21060726. [PMID: 27271580 PMCID: PMC6274393 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study aimed at exploring the secondary metabolites content of Erythrina crista-galli aqueous methanol extract and assessing its phytoestrogenic and cytoprotective activities. METHODS Isolation of the compounds was carried out using conventional chromatographic techniques. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated based on the UV, NMR spectral data along with their mass-spectrometric analyses. The phytoestrogenic activity was evaluated in-silico and in vitro using the Arabidopsis thaliana pER8: GUS reporter assay and the proliferation-enhancing activity of MCF-7 cells. KEY FINDINGS Phytochemical investigation of E. crista-galli aqueous methanol extract resulted in the isolation and identification of five flavonoids. The plant extract and its fractions showed significant estrogenic activities compared to controls. CONCLUSION Five flavonoids were identified from E. crista-galli aqueous methanol extract. To the best of our knowledge, among these flavonoids, apigenin-7-O-rhamnosyl-6-C-glucoside was isolated for the first time from nature. Moreover, luteolin-6-C-glucoside was isolated for the first time from this plant. The plant revealed promising phytoestrogenic activities. This gives rationale to some of its pharmacological properties and suggests additional phytoestrogenic effects, which have not been reported yet.
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Wang LJ, Jiang B, Wu N, Wang SY, Shi DY. Natural and semisynthetic protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitors as anti-diabetic agents. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01754h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products offered more opportunities to develop new drugs and leading compounds as potent PTP1B inhibitors for treating T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Wang
- Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Ning Wu
- Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Shuai-Yu Wang
- Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Da-Yong Shi
- Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
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Rueda DC, De Mieri M, Hering S, Hamburger M. HPLC-based activity profiling for GABAA receptor modulators in Adenocarpus cincinnatus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:640-649. [PMID: 24571311 DOI: 10.1021/np500016z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In a two-microelectrode voltage clamp assay with Xenopus laevis oocytes, a dichloromethane extract of Adenocarpus cincinnatus roots and tubers (Leguminosae) enhanced the GABA-induced chloride current (IGABA) through receptors of the subtype α1β2γ2s by 126.5 ± 25.1% when tested at 100 μg/mL. By means of HPLC-based activity profiling, 15 flavonoid and isoflavonoid derivatives, including eight new compounds, were identified in the active fractions of the extract. Isoflavone 11 and pterocarpans 2 and 8 showed promising activity in the oocyte assay, with EC50 values between 2.8 ± 1.4 and 18.8 ± 2.3 μM. Maximal potentiation of IGABA ranged between 490% and 640%. This is the first report of pterocarpans as GABAA receptor modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Rueda
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Goel A, Kumar A, Raghuvanshi A. Synthesis, stereochemistry, structural classification, and chemical reactivity of natural pterocarpans. Chem Rev 2012; 113:1614-40. [PMID: 23214501 DOI: 10.1021/cr300219y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atul Goel
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
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Nguyen PH, Sharma G, Dao TT, Uddin MN, Kang KW, Ndinteh DT, Mbafor JT, Oh WK. New prenylated isoflavonoids as protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitors from Erythrina addisoniae. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:6459-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 08/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Jiang CS, Liang LF, Guo YW. Natural products possessing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activity found in the last decades. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2012; 33:1217-45. [PMID: 22941286 PMCID: PMC4002712 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This article provides an overview of approximately 300 secondary metabolites with inhibitory activity against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), which were isolated from various natural sources or derived from synthetic process in the last decades. The structure-activity relationship and the selectivity of some compounds against other protein phosphatases were also discussed. Potential pharmaceutical applications of several PTP1B inhibitors were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-shi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lin-fu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yue-wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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In vitro estrogenic activity of two major compounds from the stem bark of Erythrina lysistemon (Fabaceae). Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 674:87-94. [PMID: 22079771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived estrogen-like compounds, so called phytoestrogens, are given much attention due to their potential therapeutic use. In our previous work the ethylacetate extract of Erythrina lysistemon stem bark showed estrogenic effects on cell culture systems and ovariectomized Wistar rats. Using classical chromatographic methods, two constituents of Erythrina lysistemon have been isolated, referred to here as compounds 1 (alpinumisoflavone) and 2 (abyssinone V-4'-methyl-ether), and their structures successfully determined using spectroscopic techniques. To test their binding affinity, the ligand binding assay has been used on estrogen α receptor, and estrogen β receptor. Furthermore, transactivation assay in stably or transiently transfected human osteosarcoma (U2OS-estrogen α receptor and estrogen β receptor) cells were used to examine their estrogenic activity. The regulations of some estrogen receptor target genes were also investigated. Both compounds bind to estrogen α and β receptors. They significantly increased luciferase activity in a dose-dependent manner and induced the endogenous estrogen receptor-estrogen response element (ERE) interaction in U2OS-estrogen α receptor and estrogen β receptor cells. In contrast, when co-treated with E2, compound 2 did not antagonize E2 activity in both systems whereas, 1 significantly suppressed E2 activity despite its low binding affinity to estrogen β receptor. This result suggests a non-competitive mechanism. Both compounds also altered the expression of estrogen receptor target genes such as growth regulation by estrogen in breast cancer 1 (GREB1) and Cyclin D1 in breast cells. These results suggest that compounds 1 and 2 endow estrogenic activity and may be the active principles of Erythrina lysistemon.
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Woo HS, Kim DW, Curtis-Long MJ, Lee BW, Lee JH, Kim JY, Kang JE, Park KH. Potent inhibition of bacterial neuraminidase activity by pterocarpans isolated from the roots of Lespedeza bicolor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6100-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Mvondo M, Njamen D, Fomum ST, Wandji J, Vollmer G. A postmenopause-like model of ovariectomized Wistar rats to identify active principles of Erythrina lysistemon (Fabaceae). Fitoterapia 2011; 82:939-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Soares DX, Scarminio IS, Bruns RE. Mixture designs for exploring class diversity and metabolite fingerprinting: An efficient column chromatographic strategy. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 702:288-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Nguyen PH, Dao TT, Kim J, Phong DT, Ndinteh DT, Mbafor JT, Oh WK. New 5-deoxyflavonoids and their inhibitory effects on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:3378-83. [PMID: 21571537 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the course of our program to search for protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTPB) inhibitors, five new 5-deoxyflavonoids along with eight known derivatives were isolated from EtOAc layer of the root bark of Erythrina abyssinica. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic (IR, UV, MS, CD, 1D- and 2D-NMR) and physicochemical analyses. All isolates exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on the enzyme assay with IC₅₀ values ranging from 14.9 ± 1.6 to 98.1 ± 11.3 μM. Compounds with prenyl and methoxy groups in the B ring (1, 2, 4, 8, and 13) possessed strong activity (IC(50) 14.9 ± 1.6 to 19.2 ± 1.1 μM), while compounds (3, 5, and 9) with 2,2-dimethylpyrano ring showed less inhibitory effect (IC₅₀ 22.6 ± 2.3 to 72.9 ± 9.7 μM). These results suggest that prenyl and methoxy groups may be responsible for the increase on the activity of 5-deoxyflavonoids against PTP1B, but the presence of 2,2-dimethylpyrano ring on the B ring may be induced the decrease of PTP1B inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phi Hung Nguyen
- BK21 Project Team, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
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Ahmad B, Azam S, Bashir S, Khan I, Adhikari A, Choudhary MI. Anti-inflammatory and enzyme inhibitory activities of a crude extract and a pterocarpan isolated from the aerial parts of Vitex agnus-castus. Biotechnol J 2011; 5:1207-15. [PMID: 21058321 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A new compound, 6a,11a-dihydro-6H-[1] benzofuro [3,2-c][1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]chromen-9-ol was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of Vitex agnus-castus. The structure of this compound was identified with the help of spectroscopic techniques ((13)C NMR, (1)H NMR, HMBC, HMQC, NOESY and COSY). The compound showed low urease- (32.0%) and chymotrypsin- (31.4%) inhibitory activity, and moderate (41.3%) anti-inflammatory activity. The crude extract and various fractions obtained from the aerial parts of the plant were also screened for possible in vitro hemagglutination, antibacterial and phytotoxic activities. No hemagglutination activity against human erythrocytes was observed in crude extracts and fractions of V. agnus-castus. The fractions and crude methanolic extract showed moderate and low antibacterial activity. Exceptions were the CHCl(3) fraction, which showed significant antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumonia (81% with MIC(50)=2.19 mg/mL), the n-hexane fraction, which exhibited no activity against Salmonella typhi, and the CHCl(3) and aqueous fractions, which showed no activity against Bacillus pumalis. Moderate phytotoxic activity (62.5%) was observed by n-hexane fraction of V. agnus-castus against Lemna minor L at 1000 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashir Ahmad
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan.
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Nguyen PH, Na M, Dao TT, Ndinteh DT, Mbafor JT, Park J, Cheong H, Oh WK. New stilbenoid with inhibitory activity on viral neuraminidases from Erythrina addisoniae. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:6430-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2010] [Revised: 08/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lotti C, Campo Fernandez M, Piccinelli AL, Cuesta-Rubio O, Márquez Hernández I, Rastrelli L. Chemical constituents of red Mexican propolis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:2209-13. [PMID: 20121106 DOI: 10.1021/jf100070w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of a red-type Mexican propolis sample has led to the isolation of three new compounds, 1-(3',4'-dihydroxy-2'-methoxyphenyl)-3-(phenyl)propane (1), (Z)-1-(2'-methoxy-4',5'-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(3-phenyl)propene (2) and 3-hydroxy-5,6-dimethoxyflavan (3), together with seven known flavanones, isoflavans, and pterocarpans. Structural determination, was accomplished by spectroscopic analysis, particularly 2D NMR and ESI-MS/MS techniques. The present study appears to be the first report on the occurrence of isoflavonoids in Mexican propolis. In addition, the presence of compounds with a 1,3-diarylpropane and 1,3-diarylpropene carbon skeleton were found for the first time in propolis. Isolated compounds 1-10 indicated the possible relation between red Mexican propolis and the genus Dalbergia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Lotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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