1
|
Prieto-Rodríguez JA, Lévuok-Mena KP, Cardozo-Muñoz JC, Parra-Amin JE, Lopez-Vallejo F, Cuca-Suárez LE, Patiño-Ladino OJ. In Vitro and In Silico Study of the α-Glucosidase and Lipase Inhibitory Activities of Chemical Constituents from Piper cumanense (Piperaceae) and Synthetic Analogs. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172188. [PMID: 36079571 PMCID: PMC9460781 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Digestive enzymes are currently considered important therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and some associated metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. Piper cumanense is a species characterized by the presence of bioactive constituents, particularly prenylated benzoic acid derivatives. In this study, the inhibitory potential of chemical constituents from P. cumanense and some synthesized compounds was determined on digestive enzymes (pancreatic lipase (PL) and α-glucosidase (AG)). The methodology included isolating and identifying secondary metabolites from P. cumanense, synthesizing some analogs, and a molecular docking study. The chemical study allowed the isolation of four prenylated benzoic acid derivatives (1–4). Four analogs (5–8) were synthesized. Seven compounds were found to significantly inhibit the catalytic activity of PL with IC50 values between 28.32 and 55.8 µM. On the other hand, only two compounds (6 and 7) were active as inhibitors of AG with IC50 values lower than 155 µM, standing out as the potential multitarget of these chromane compounds. Enzyme kinetics and molecular docking studies showed that the bioactive compounds mainly interact with amino acids other than those of the catalytic site in both PL and AG. This work constitutes the first report on the antidiabetic and antiobesity potential of substances derived from P. cumanense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliet A. Prieto-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-6013208320 (ext. 4124)
| | - Kevin P. Lévuok-Mena
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Juan C. Cardozo-Muñoz
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Jorge E. Parra-Amin
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Bogotá 111166, Colombia
| | - Fabián Lopez-Vallejo
- Departamento de Física y Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Manizales, Kilómetro 9 vía al aeropuerto, La Nubia, Manizales 170003, Colombia
| | - Luis E. Cuca-Suárez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Oscar J. Patiño-Ladino
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Massad TJ, Richards LA, Philbin C, Fumiko Yamaguchi L, Kato MJ, Jeffrey CS, Oliveira C, Ochsenrider K, M de Moraes M, Tepe EJ, Cebrian Torrejon G, Sandivo M, Dyer LA. The chemical ecology of tropical forest diversity: Environmental variation, chemical similarity, herbivory, and richness. Ecology 2022; 103:e3762. [PMID: 35593436 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Species richness in tropical forests is correlated with other dimensions of diversity, including the diversity of plant-herbivore interactions and the phytochemical diversity that influences those interactions. Understanding the complexity of plant chemistry and the importance of phytochemical diversity for plant-insect interactions and overall forest richness has been enhanced significantly by the application of metabolomics to natural systems. The present work used proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-NMR) profiling of crude leaf extracts to study phytochemical similarity and diversity among Piper plants growing naturally in the Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil. Spectral profile similarity and chemical diversity were quantified to examine the relationship between metrics of phytochemical diversity, specialist and generalist herbivory, and understory plant richness. Herbivory increased with understory species richness, while generalist herbivory increased and specialist herbivory decreased with the diversity of Piper leaf material available. Specialist herbivory increased when conspecific host plants were more spectroscopically dissimilar. Spectral similarity was lower among individuals of common species, and they were also more spectrally diverse, indicating phytochemical diversity is beneficial to plants. Canopy openness and soil nutrients also influenced chemistry and herbivory. The complex relationships uncovered in this study add information to our growing understanding of the importance of phytochemical diversity for plant-insect interactions and tropical plant species richness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara Joy Massad
- Department of Scientific Services, Gorongosa National Park, Sofala, Mozambique.,Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Lora A Richards
- Department of Biology, Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA.,Hitchcock Center for Chemical Ecology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Casey Philbin
- Hitchcock Center for Chemical Ecology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | | | - Massuo J Kato
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Christopher S Jeffrey
- Hitchcock Center for Chemical Ecology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Celso Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | | | - Marcílio M de Moraes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Eric J Tepe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Lee A Dyer
- Department of Biology, Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA.,Hitchcock Center for Chemical Ecology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
de Oliveira LF, Piovezani AR, Ivanov DA, Yoshida L, Segal Floh EI, Kato MJ. Selection and validation of reference genes for measuring gene expression in Piper species at different life stages using RT-qPCR analysis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 171:201-212. [PMID: 35007951 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The secondary metabolism of Piper species is known to produce a myriad of natural products from various biosynthetic pathways which, represent a rich source of previously uncharacterized chemical compounds. The determination of gene expression profiles in multiple tissue/organ samples could provide valuable clues towards understanding the potential biological functions of chemical changes in these plants. Studies on gene expression by RT-qPCR require particularly careful selection of suitable reference genes as a control for normalization. Here, we provide a study for the identification of reliable reference genes in P. arboreum, P. gaudichaudianum, P. malacophyllum, and P. tuberculatum, at two different life stages: 2-month-old seedlings and adult plants. To do this, annotated sequences were recovered from transcriptome datasets of the above listed Piper spp. These sequences were subjected to expression analysis using RT-qPCR, followed by analysis using the geNorm and NormFinder algorithms. A set of five genes were identified showing stable expression: ACT7 (Actin-7), Cyclophilin (Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase), EF1α (Elongation factor 1-alpha), RNABP (RNA-binding protein), and UBCE (Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme). The universality of these genes was then validated using two target genes, ADC (arginine decarboxylase) and SAMDC (S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase), which are involved in the biosynthesis of polyamines. We showed that normalization genes varied according to Piper spp., and we provide a list of recommended pairs of the best combination for each species. This study provides the first set of suitable candidate genes for gene expression studies in the four Piper spp. assayed, and the findings will facilitate subsequent transcriptomic and functional gene research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Francisco de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua Do Matão, 277, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Rusiska Piovezani
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua Do Matão, 277, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dimitre A Ivanov
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, Canada, N6A 3K7
| | - Leonardo Yoshida
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eny Iochevet Segal Floh
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua Do Matão, 277, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Massuo Jorge Kato
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chiu LC, Wang JY, Lin CH, Hsu CH, Lin LC, Fu SL. Diterpenoid Compounds Isolated from Chloranthus oldhamii Solms Exert Anti-Inflammatory Effects by Inhibiting the IKK/NF-κB Pathway. Molecules 2021; 26:6540. [PMID: 34770952 PMCID: PMC8588554 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloranthus oldhamii Solms (CO) is a folk medicine for treating infection and arthritis pain but its pharmacological activity and bioactive compounds remain mostly uncharacterized. In this study, the anti-inflammatory compounds of C. oldhamii were identified using an LPS-stimulated, NF-κB-responsive RAW 264.7 macrophage reporter line. Three diterpenoid compounds, 3α-hydroxy-ent-abieta-8,11,13-triene (CO-9), 3α, 7β-dihydroxy-ent-abieta-8,11,13-triene (CO-10), and decandrin B (CO-15) were found to inhibit NF-κB activity at nontoxic concentrations. Moreover, CO-9 and CO-10 suppressed the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The inhibitory effect of CO-9 on TNF-α and IL-6 expression was further demonstrated using LPS-treated bone marrow-derived macrophages. Furthermore, CO-9, CO-10, and CO-15 suppressed LPS-triggered COX-2 expression and downstream PGE2 production in RAW 264.7 cells. CO-9 and CO-10 also reduced LPS-triggered iNOS expression and nitrogen oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of the most effective compound, CO-9, was further investigated. CO-9 attenuated LPS-induced NF-κB activation by reducing the phosphorylation of IKKα/β (Ser176/180), IκBα (Ser32), and p65 (Ser534). Conversely, CO-9 did not affect the LPS-induced activation of MAPK signaling pathways. In summary, this study revealed new anti-inflammatory diterpenoid compounds from C. oldhamii and demonstrated that the IKK-mediated NK-κB pathway is the major target of these compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Chieh Chiu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; (L.-C.C.); (J.-Y.W.); (C.-H.H.)
| | - Jir-You Wang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; (L.-C.C.); (J.-Y.W.); (C.-H.H.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsiung Lin
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Hua Hsu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; (L.-C.C.); (J.-Y.W.); (C.-H.H.)
| | - Lie-Chwen Lin
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Fu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; (L.-C.C.); (J.-Y.W.); (C.-H.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Castillo UG, Komatsu A, Martínez ML, Menjívar J, Núñez MJ, Uekusa Y, Narukawa Y, Kiuchi F, Nakajima-Shimada J. Anti-trypanosomal screening of Salvadoran flora. J Nat Med 2021; 76:259-267. [PMID: 34529189 PMCID: PMC8732892 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-021-01562-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, and in Central America, it is considered one of the four most infectious diseases. This study aimed to screen the anti-trypanosomal activity of plant species from Salvadoran flora. Plants were selected through literature search for plants ethnobotanically used for antiparasitic and Chagas disease symptomatology, and reported in Museo de Historia Natural de El Salvador (MUHNES) database. T. cruzi was incubated for 72 h with 2 different concentrations of methanolic extracts of 38 species, among which four species, Piper jacquemontianum, Piper lacunosum, Trichilia havanensis, and Peperomia pseudopereskiifolia, showed the activity (≤ 52.0% viability) at 100 µg/mL. Separation of the methanolic extract of aerial parts from Piper jacquemontianum afforded a new flavanone (4) and four known compounds, 2,2-dimethyl-6-carboxymethoxychroman-4-one (1), 2,2-dimethyl-6-carboxychroman-4-one (2), cardamomin (3), and pinocembrin (5), among which cardamomin exhibited the highest anti-trypanosomal activity (IC50 = 66 µM). Detailed analyses of the spectral data revealed that the new compound 4, named as jaqueflavanone A, was a derivative of pinocembrin having a prenylated benzoate moiety at the 8-position of the A ring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulises G Castillo
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Productos Naturales, Facultad de Química y Farmacia, Universidad de El Salvador, Final Av. de Mártires y Héroes del 30 de Julio, San Salvador, 1101, El Salvador
| | - Ayato Komatsu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Natural Medicines, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Morena L Martínez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Productos Naturales, Facultad de Química y Farmacia, Universidad de El Salvador, Final Av. de Mártires y Héroes del 30 de Julio, San Salvador, 1101, El Salvador
| | - Jenny Menjívar
- Ministerio de Cultura, Museo de Historia Natural de El Salvador, San Salvador, 1101, El Salvador
| | - Marvin J Núñez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Productos Naturales, Facultad de Química y Farmacia, Universidad de El Salvador, Final Av. de Mártires y Héroes del 30 de Julio, San Salvador, 1101, El Salvador
| | - Yoshinori Uekusa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Natural Medicines, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Yuji Narukawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Natural Medicines, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Kiuchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Natural Medicines, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Junko Nakajima-Shimada
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showamachi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gaia AM, Yamaguchi LF, Guerrero-Perilla C, Kato MJ. Ontogenetic Changes in the Chemical Profiles of Piper Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10061085. [PMID: 34071315 PMCID: PMC8227164 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition of seedlings and adult plants of several Piper species were analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy combined with principal component analysis (PCA) and HPLC-DAD, HPLC-HRESIMS and GC-MS data. The chromatographic profile of crude extracts from leaves of Piper species showed remarkable differences between seedlings and adult plants. Adult leaves of P. regnellii accumulate dihydrobenzofuran neolignans, P. solmsianum contain tetrahydrofuran lignans, and prenylated benzoic acids are found in adult leaves of P. hemmendorffii and P. caldense. Seedlings produced an entirely different collection of compounds. Piper gaudichaudianum and P. solmsianum seedlings contain the phenylpropanoid dillapiole. Piper regnellii and P. hemmendorffii produce another phenylpropanoid, apiol, while isoasarone is found in P. caldense. Piper richadiaefolium and P. permucronatum contain dibenzylbutyrolactones lignans or flavonoids in adult leaves. Seedlings of P. richardiaefolium produce multiple amides, while P. permucronatum seedlings contain a new long chain ester. Piper tuberculatum, P. reticulatum and P. amalago produce amides, and their chemistry changes less during ontogeny. The chemical variation we documented opens questions about changes in herbivore pressure across ontogeny.
Collapse
|
7
|
de Moraes MM, Kato MJ. Biosynthesis of Pellucidin A in Peperomia pellucida (L.) HBK. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:641717. [PMID: 33828573 PMCID: PMC8020151 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.641717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Peperomia pellucida (L.) HBK (Piperaceae) ("jabuti herb") is an herbaceous plant that is widespread in the tropics and has several ethnomedicinal uses. The phytochemical study of leaf extracts resulted in the isolation of 2,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid, 5,6,7-trimethoxyflavone, 2,4,5-trimethoxystyrene, 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde, dillapiol, and sesamin in addition to pellucidin A. The co-occurrence of styrene and cyclobutane dimers suggested the formation of pellucidin A by a photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition of two molecules of 2,4,5-trimethoxystyrene. To investigate this biogenesis, analysis of plant leaves throughout ontogeny and treatments such as drought, herbivory and, exposure to jasmonic acid and UV365 light were carried out. Significant increases in the content of dillapiol (up to 86.0%) were found when P. pellucida plants were treated with jasmonic acid, whereas treatment under UV365 light increase the pellucidin A content (193.2%). The biosynthetic hypothesis was examined by feeding various 13C-labeled precursors, followed by analysis with GC-MS, which showed incorporation of L-(2-13C)-phenylalanine (0.72%), (8-13C)-cinnamic acid (1.32%), (8-13C)-ferulic acid (0.51%), (8-13C)-2,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (7.5%), and (8-13C)-2,4,5-trimethoxystyrene (12.8%) into pellucidin A. The enzymatic conversion assays indicated decarboxylation of 2,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid into 2,4,5-trimethoxystyrene, which was subsequently dimerized into pellucidin A under UV light. Taken together, the biosynthesis of pellucidin A in P. pellucida involves a sequence of reactions starting with L-phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, 2,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid, which then decarboxylates to form 2,4,5-trimethoxystyrene and then is photochemically dimerized to produce pellucidin A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Massuo J. Kato
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ramos YJ, Machado DDB, Queiroz GAD, Guimarães EF, Defaveri ACAE, Moreira DDL. Chemical composition of the essential oils of circadian rhythm and of different vegetative parts from Piper mollicomum Kunth - A medicinal plant from Brazil. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2020.104116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
9
|
Parra Amin JE, Cuca LE, González-Coloma A. Antifungal and phytotoxic activity of benzoic acid derivatives from inflorescences of Piper cumanense. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:2763-2771. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1662010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis E. Cuca
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-sede, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Richards LA, Oliveira C, Dyer LA, Rumbaugh A, Urbano-Muñoz F, Wallace IS, Dodson CD, Jeffrey CS. Shedding Light on Chemically Mediated Tri-Trophic Interactions: A 1H-NMR Network Approach to Identify Compound Structural Features and Associated Biological Activity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1155. [PMID: 30174676 PMCID: PMC6107749 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diverse mixtures of plant natural products play an important role in plant-herbivore-parasitoid interactions. In the pursuit of understanding these chemically-mediated interactions, we are often faced with the challenge of determining ecologically and biologically relevant compounds present in complex phytochemical mixtures. Using a network-based approach, we analyzed binned 1H-NMR data from 196 prepared mixtures of commonly studied secondary metabolites including alkaloids, amides, terpenes, iridoid glycosides, saponins, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids and phytosterols. The mixtures included multiple dimensions of chemical diversity, including molecular complexity, mixture complexity and differences in relative compound concentrations. This approach yielded modules of co-occurring chemical shifts that were correlated with specific compounds or common structural features shared across compounds. This approach was then applied to crude phytochemical extracts of 31 species in the phytochemically diverse tropical plant genus Piper (Piperaceae). Combining the activity of crude plant extracts in an array of bioassays with our 1H-NMR network approach, we identified a potential prenylated benzoic acid from these mixtures that exhibits antifungal properties and identified small structural differences that were potentially responsible for antifungal activity. In an intraspecific analysis of individual Piper kelleyi plants, we also found ontogenetic differences in chemistry that may affect natural plant enemies. In sum, this approach allowed us to characterize mixtures as useful network modules and to combine chemical and ecological datasets to identify biologically important compounds from crude extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lora A. Richards
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Celso Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Lee A. Dyer
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Arran Rumbaugh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Federico Urbano-Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Ian S. Wallace
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Craig D. Dodson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Huber M, Triebwasser-Freese D, Reichelt M, Heiling S, Paetz C, Chandran JN, Bartram S, Schneider B, Gershenzon J, Erb M. Identification, quantification, spatiotemporal distribution and genetic variation of major latex secondary metabolites in the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 115:89-98. [PMID: 25682510 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The secondary metabolites in the roots, leaves and flowers of the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.) have been studied in detail. However, little is known about the specific constituents of the plant's highly specialized laticifer cells. Using a combination of liquid and gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, we identified and quantified the major secondary metabolites in the latex of different organs across different growth stages in three genotypes, and tested the activity of the metabolites against the generalist root herbivore Diabrotica balteata. We found that common dandelion latex is dominated by three classes of secondary metabolites: phenolic inositol esters (PIEs), triterpene acetates (TritAc) and the sesquiterpene lactone taraxinic acid β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (TA-G). Purification and absolute quantification revealed concentrations in the upper mgg(-1) range for all compound classes with up to 6% PIEs, 5% TritAc and 7% TA-G per gram latex fresh weight. Contrary to typical secondary metabolite patterns, concentrations of all three classes increased with plant age. The highest concentrations were measured in the main root. PIE profiles differed both quantitatively and qualitatively between plant genotypes, whereas TritAc and TA-G differed only quantitatively. Metabolite concentrations were positively correlated within and between the different compound classes, indicating tight biosynthetic co-regulation. Latex metabolite extracts strongly repelled D. balteata larvae, suggesting that the latex constituents are biologically active.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meret Huber
- Department of Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sven Heiling
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Paetz
- Research Group Biosynthesis/NMR, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jima N Chandran
- Research Group Biosynthesis/NMR, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Bartram
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Bernd Schneider
- Research Group Biosynthesis/NMR, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|