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Johnson J, Olson MB, Parker I, Hoffmeister I, Lemkau K. Widespread Production of Polyunsaturated Aldehydes by Benthic Diatoms of the North Pacific Ocean's Salish Sea. J Chem Ecol 2024; 50:290-298. [PMID: 38644438 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-024-01496-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Diatoms are key primary producers across marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems. They are responsible for photosynthesis and secondary production that, in part, support complex food webs. Diatoms can produce phytochemicals that have transtrophic ecological effects which increase their competitive fitness. Polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs) are one class of diatom-derived phytochemicals that are known to have allelopathic and anti-herbivory properties. The anti-herbivory capability of PUAs results from their negative effect on grazer fecundity. Since their discovery, research has focused on their production by pelagic marine diatoms, and their effects on copepod egg production, hatching success, and juvenile survival and development. Few investigations have explored PUA production by the prolific suite of benthic marine diatoms, despite their importance to coastal trophic systems. In this study, we tested eight species of benthic diatoms for the production of the bioactive PUAs 2,4-heptadienal, 2,4-octadienal, and 2,4-decadienal. Benthic diatom species were isolated from the Salish Sea, an inland sea within the North Pacific ecosystem. All species were found to be producers of at least two PUAs in detectable concentrations, with five species producing all three PUAs in quantifiable concentrations. Our results indicate that production of PUAs from Salish Sea benthic diatoms may be widespread, and thus these compounds may contribute to benthic coastal food web dynamics through heretofore unrecognized pathways. Future studies should expand the geographic scope of investigations into benthic diatom PUA production and explore the effects of benthic diatoms on benthic consumer fecundity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Johnson
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA.
| | - M Brady Olson
- Departments of Biology and Marine and Coastal Science, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - Ian Parker
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - Isaac Hoffmeister
- Department of Marine and Coastal Science, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - Karin Lemkau
- Departments of Chemistry and Marine and Coastal Science, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
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Cuervo L, Méndez C, Olano C, Malmierca MG. Volatilome: Smells like microbial spirit. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2024; 127:1-43. [PMID: 38763526 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the study of volatile compounds has sparked interest due to their implications in signaling and the enormous variety of bioactive properties attributed to them. Despite the absence of analysis methods standardization, there are a multitude of tools and databases that allow the identification and quantification of volatile compounds. These compounds are chemically heterogeneous and their diverse properties are exploited by various fields such as cosmetics, the food industry, agriculture and medicine, some of which will be discussed here. In virtue of volatile compounds being ubiquitous and fast chemical messengers, these molecules mediate a large number of interspecific and intraspecific interactions, which are key at an ecological level to maintaining the balance and correct functioning of ecosystems. This review briefly summarized the role of volatile compounds in inter- and intra-specific relationships as well as industrial applications associated with the use of these compounds that is emerging as a promising field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Cuervo
- Functional Biology Department, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; University Institute of Oncology of Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Health Research Institute of Asturias, Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carmen Méndez
- Functional Biology Department, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; University Institute of Oncology of Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Health Research Institute of Asturias, Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos Olano
- Functional Biology Department, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; University Institute of Oncology of Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Health Research Institute of Asturias, Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mónica G Malmierca
- Functional Biology Department, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; University Institute of Oncology of Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Health Research Institute of Asturias, Av. del Hospital Universitario, s/n, Oviedo, Spain.
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3
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Wu Z, Li QP, Rivkin RB, Lin S. Role of diatom-derived oxylipins in organic phosphorus recycling during coastal diatom blooms in the northern South China Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166518. [PMID: 37657543 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Diatom-bacteria interactions and the associated bloom dynamics have not been fully understood in the coastal oceans. Here, we focus on the polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs) produced by diatoms in the post-bloom phase and look into their roles in microbial phosphorus (P) recycling outside of a P-limited estuary. The phytoplankton community in the bloom was dominated by PUAs-producing diatoms (Skeletonema costatum, Thalassiosira spp., and Pesudonitzschia delicates) with elevated concentrations of biogenic particulate PUAs. In addition, there were micromolar levels of particle-adsorbed PUAs hotspots with distinct compositions in and out of the bloom determined by a combining large-volume filtration and on-site derivation method. Field experiments were conducted to further assess the responses of particle-attached bacteria (PAB) to different PUAs amendments. We found no differences in the alkaline phosphatase (APase) activity and the abundance of PAB between inside and outside the bloom at a low PUAs dosage (<30 μM). However, for a high PUAs dosage (300 μM), APase activity and PAB growth were reduced significantly outside the bloom but no influences within the bloom. Our findings indicate that the hotspot-level oxylipins may play essential roles in bacterial P-remineralization in P-limited coastal areas. PAB can adapt to the high level of PUAs released by diatoms (or their resulting detritus) and potentially maintain a high rate of organic P recycling during the late stages of diatom blooms. Consequently, the interaction between oxylipin-rich diatoms and bacteria may affect phytoplankton blooms and carbon sequestration in the coastal oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengchao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian P Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Richard B Rivkin
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Senjie Lin
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT 06340, USA
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Lenzo D, Pezzolesi L, Samorì C, Rindi F, Pasteris A, Pistocchi R, Colangelo MA. Allelopathic interactions between phytobenthos and meiofaunal community in an Adriatic benthic ecosystem: Understanding the role of aldehydes and macroalgal structural complexity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150827. [PMID: 34627880 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Macroalgae produce several allelopathic substances, including polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs), which may inhibit photosynthesis and growth rates of other algal species, and grazing. Additionally, macroalgal structural complexity is an important factor in determining abundance patterns and size structure of epiphytic organisms. In this study the PUAs production of two Mediterranean macroalgae, Dictyopteris polypodioides, (DP, Phaeophyceae, Dictyotales) and Cystoseira compressa (CC, Phaeophyceae, Fucales), was characterized to clarify the relationships between the meiobenthic and microphytobenthic communities. Results showed a higher PUAs production and a diverse qualitative profile for DP, which reported long-chain compounds (i.e. C14-C16) as main aldehydes, than CC, with the short-chain C6:2 as the main compound, as well as variability among sampling times. A clear separation of the meiofauna and microphytobenthos assemblages was found for the macroalgae, but with different temporal trends. Dissimilarities were due to five microalgal orders, namely Naviculales, Lyrellales, Gonyaulacales (i.e. Ostreopsis), Bacillariales, and Licmophorales, and to the meiofaunal groups nematodes, copepods, and copepod nauplii, which were more abundant on DP than on CC. Results indicate that macroalgal complexity is a major determinant of the meiofaunal community structure (accounting for 26% of the variation), rather than PUAs production itself (17%). PUAs effects seem species-specific, thus affecting some grazers instead of the entire community. Conversely, microphytobenthos affected the meiofauna assemblages, particularly harpacticoids, confirming the role of these organisms as the primary food source of all marine food chain producers. Since PUAs are produced also by several epiphytic diatoms, the understanding of their effects on the community structure and on the relationships among taxa in the field is complicated and requires further in-depth investigations in simplified systems (i.e. microcosms).
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Lenzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali - Università di Bologna, via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Laura Pezzolesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali - Università di Bologna, via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Chiara Samorì
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician" - Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Rindi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente - Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Pasteris
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali - Università di Bologna, via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Rossella Pistocchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali - Università di Bologna, via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Marina Antonia Colangelo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali - Università di Bologna, via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
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Pezzolesi L, Accoroni S, Rindi F, Samorì C, Totti C, Pistocchi R. Survey of the allelopathic potential of Mediterranean macroalgae: production of long-chain polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 189:112826. [PMID: 34102592 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemical interactions between macroalgae and other organisms play an important role in determining species compositions and dominance patterns, and can explain the widespread success of some species in establishing their predominant populations in a specific coastal area. Allelopathy could act as a self-regulatory strategy of the algal community, being not only a succession regulator but also an active mechanism maintaining the species diversity especially in a delimited environment, such as the benthic ecosystem. Polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs) are among the most studied allelopathic compounds and are commonly released into the aquatic environment by different phytoplankton species in response to environmental stressors (e.g. wounding, grazing, or competition for nutrients). Diatom-released PUAs were observed to affect phytoplankton community dynamics and structure, and showed inhibitory effects on the reproduction and development of marine invertebrates. As for macroalgae, there are only a few reports that attest to the production of PUAs, and mostly refer to Ulva spp. In this study, the production of PUAs by several Mediterranean macroalgae was investigated at different sampling times, aiming at providing the first evidence of potential allelochemical activity. Results highlighted the potential production by macroalgae of a variety of aldehydes, among which some have never reported so far. Some species (i.e. D. polypodioides and U. cf. rigida) were found to produce higher PUAs amounts than others, and even a wider variety of structures (e.g. length of the carbon chain); these species might exert strong effects on epiphytic species or other organisms of the benthic community, especially considering the differential sensitivities of the various taxa. A high dPUA concentration (order of μM) potentially due to the release of PUAs by algal species was found, and might affect the population dynamics of the epiphytic organisms (e.g. microalgae, meiofauna), of grazers, as well as of the microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pezzolesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali - Università di Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente - Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabio Rindi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente - Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Chiara Samorì
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician" - Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente - Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rossella Pistocchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali - Università di Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy
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Svenning JB, Dalheim L, Vasskog T, Matricon L, Vang B, Olsen RL. Lipid yield from the diatom Porosira glacialis is determined by solvent choice and number of extractions, independent of cell disruption. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22229. [PMID: 33335240 PMCID: PMC7747635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79269-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell wall disruption is necessary to maximize lipid extraction yields in conventional species of mass-cultivated microalgae. This study investigated the effect of sonication, solvent choice and number of extractions on the lipid yield, lipid class composition and fatty acid composition of the diatom Porosira glacialis. For comparison, the diatom Odontella aurita and green alga Chlorella vulgaris were included in the study. Sonication effectively disrupted P. glacialis cells, but did not increase the total lipid yield compared to physical stirring (mixing). In all three microalgae, the content of membrane-associated glyco- and phosopholipids in the extracted lipids was strongly dependent on the solvent polarity. A second extraction resulted in higher yields from the microalgae only when polar solvents were used. In conclusion, choice of solvent and number of extractions were the main factors that determined lipid yield and lipid class composition in P. glacialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Brage Svenning
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Lars Dalheim
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Terje Vasskog
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lucie Matricon
- Nofima AS, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, 9019, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Birthe Vang
- Nofima AS, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, 9019, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ragnar Ludvig Olsen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
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Algae-induced taste and odour problems at low temperatures and the cold stress response hypothesis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:9079-9093. [PMID: 32965560 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10884-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The existence of taste and odour (T&O) in drinking water is one of the principal causes of consumer complaints and is commonly related to algae growth. Numerous studies have confirmed the existence of algal blooms emerging specifically in low-temperature periods, herein referred to as "cold algae"; these include chrysophytes, cryptophytes, dinoflagellates and diatoms. In addition, the adaption mechanisms of these "cold algae" involve high flexibility in their nutrient intake and to the hydrological characteristics of the waters and their high contents of intracellular polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Like algae proliferating in higher temperature waters, cold algae can also produce offensive odours. The potential dominant T&O compounds of low-temperature algae probably include saturated/unsaturated aldehydes and even some terpenoids. Among these, the polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs), the derivatives of polyunsaturated fatty acids, are the dominant T&O compounds and are probably synthesized during cell rupture. It was found that, for cold algae, low temperature may have a favourable effect on the generation of algae-induced T&O compounds. Furthermore, to better understand the internal mechanisms of algal T&O production, the stress response theory is introduced, which provides ideas for T&O control in raw water and in water treatment. Finally, implications for T&O management are given based on this review. KEY POINTS: • Like algae proliferating in higher temperature waters, cold algae can produce offensive odours. • Low temperatures may have a favourable effect on the generation of algae-induced T&O compounds. • The stress response theory can help to better understand the internal mechanisms of algal T&O production.
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Marella TK, López-Pacheco IY, Parra-Saldívar R, Dixit S, Tiwari A. Wealth from waste: Diatoms as tools for phycoremediation of wastewater and for obtaining value from the biomass. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 724:137960. [PMID: 32408422 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are a type of microalgae with diverse capabilities which make them useful for multiple applications. The abundance of diatoms in water bodies facilitates the removal of pollutants from wastewater originating from different industries, such as agriculture and other anthropogenic sources. The unique photosynthetic, cellular and metabolic characteristics of diatoms allows them to utilize pollutants like nitrate, iron, phosphate, molybdenum, silica, and heavy metals, such as copper, cadmium, chromium, lead, etc., which make diatoms a good option for wastewater treatment. In addition, the biomass produced by diatoms growth on wastewaters has diverse applications and can, therefore, be valuable. This review focusses on the unique capabilities of diatoms for wastewater remediation and the capture of carbon dioxide, concomitant with the generation of valuable products. Diatom biorefinery can be a sustainable solution to wastewater management, and the biomass obtained from treatment can be turned into biofuels, biofertilizers, nutritional supplements for animal production, and used for pharmaceutical applications containing bioactive compounds like EPA, DHA and pigments such as fucoxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kiran Marella
- International Crop Research Institute for Semi-arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Telangana State, India
| | - Itzel Y López-Pacheco
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Sreenath Dixit
- International Crop Research Institute for Semi-arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Telangana State, India
| | - Archana Tiwari
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201 313, India.
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Ruocco N, Nuzzo G, d’Ippolito G, Manzo E, Sardo A, Ianora A, Romano G, Iuliano A, Zupo V, Costantini M, Fontana A. Lipoxygenase Pathways in Diatoms: Occurrence and Correlation with Grazer Toxicity in Four Benthic Species. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18010066. [PMID: 31963814 PMCID: PMC7024367 DOI: 10.3390/md18010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygenated derivatives of fatty acids, collectively called oxylipins, are a highly diverse family of lipoxygenase (LOX) products well described in planktonic diatoms. Here we report the first investigation of these molecules in four benthic diatoms, Cylindrotheca closterium, Nanofrustulum shiloi, Cocconeis scutellum, and Diploneis sp. isolated from the leaves of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica from the Gulf of Naples. Analysis by hyphenated MS techniques revealed that C. closterium, N. shiloi, and C. scutellum produce several polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs) and linear oxygenated fatty acids (LOFAs) related to the products of LOX pathways in planktonic species. Diploneis sp. also produced other unidentified fatty acid derivatives that are not related to LOX metabolism. The levels and composition of oxylipins in the benthic species match their negative effects on the reproductive success in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. In agreement with this correlation, the most toxic species N. shiloi revealed the same LOX pathways of Skeletonema marinoi and Thalassiosira rotula, two bloom-forming planktonic diatoms that affect copepod reproduction. Overall, our data highlight for the first time a major role of oxylipins, namely LOFAs, as info-chemicals for benthic diatoms, and open new perspectives in the study of the structuring of benthic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Ruocco
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy; (N.R.); (G.N.); (G.d.); (E.M.); (A.S.)
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (A.I.); (V.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Genoveffa Nuzzo
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy; (N.R.); (G.N.); (G.d.); (E.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Giuliana d’Ippolito
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy; (N.R.); (G.N.); (G.d.); (E.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Emiliano Manzo
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy; (N.R.); (G.N.); (G.d.); (E.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Angela Sardo
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy; (N.R.); (G.N.); (G.d.); (E.M.); (A.S.)
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (A.I.); (V.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Adrianna Ianora
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (A.I.); (V.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Giovanna Romano
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (A.I.); (V.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Antonella Iuliano
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo “Mauro Picone”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Valerio Zupo
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (A.I.); (V.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Costantini
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; (A.I.); (V.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy; (N.R.); (G.N.); (G.d.); (E.M.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0818675096
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10
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Riccio G, Lauritano C. Microalgae with Immunomodulatory Activities. Mar Drugs 2019; 18:E2. [PMID: 31861368 PMCID: PMC7024220 DOI: 10.3390/md18010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms adapted to live in very different environments and showing an enormous biochemical and genetic diversity, thus representing an excellent source of new natural products with possible applications in several biotechnological sectors. Microalgae-derived compounds have shown several properties, such as anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory. In the last decade, compounds stimulating the immune system, both innate immune response and adaptive immune response, have been used to prevent and fight various pathologies, including cancer (cancer immunotherapy). In this review we report the microalgae that have been shown to possess immunomodulatory properties, the cells and the cellular mediators involved in the mechanisms of action and the experimental models used to test immunostimulatory activities. We also report information on fractions or pure compounds from microalgae identified as having immunostimulatory activity. Given the increasing interest in microalgae as new eco-friendly source of bioactive compounds, we also discuss their possible role as source of new classes of promising drugs to treat human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP80121 Naples, Italy
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Ruocco N, Cavaccini V, Caramiello D, Ianora A, Fontana A, Zupo V, Costantini M. Noxious effects of the benthic diatoms Cocconeis scutellum and Diploneis sp. on sea urchin development: Morphological and de novo transcriptomic analysis. HARMFUL ALGAE 2019; 86:64-73. [PMID: 31358278 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are often the dominating group of benthic microalgae living on different types of bottom substrates. Their effects on invertebrate consumers is not well-documented. We here investigate the effects of feeding on another two benthic diatoms, Cocconeis scutellum and Diploneis sp., isolated from leaves of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica, on the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Our results indicate a noxious effect on sea urchin embryos spawned from adults fed on Diploneis sp., with an increasing number of malformed embryos with respect to those spawned from adults fed on Ulva rigida (used as a feeding control). In contrast C. scutellum did not induce any morphological effect on embryos, similar to control non-diatom diets. Moreover, de novo obtained transcriptome indicated that oxidation-reduction process, translation, proton and electron transmembrane transport, ATP/RNA/GTP/heme/calcium and metal ion binding, NADH dehydrogenase activity, cytochrome c oxidase were affected by feeding of sea urchins on Diploneis sp. Our findings have considerable ecological significance considering that diatom biomass ingested by the sea urchin in these experiments is within the range of cell densities characterizing P. oceanica leaves where sea urchins live and spawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Ruocco
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126, Napoli, Italy; Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Naples, 80078, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cavaccini
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Davide Caramiello
- Unit Marine Resources for Research, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Adrianna Ianora
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, Naples, 80078, Italy
| | - Valerio Zupo
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Maria Costantini
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy.
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Toxigenic effects of two benthic diatoms upon grazing activity of the sea urchin: morphological, metabolomic and de novo transcriptomic analysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5622. [PMID: 29618786 PMCID: PMC5884808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diatoms are unicellular algae playing a key role as photosynthetic organisms in the world's ocean food webs. The chemical ecology of planktonic diatoms is well documented, but few studies have reported on the effects of benthic diatoms on their consumers, also due to difficulties in the collection, quantification and massive culturing of benthic species. Here for the first time we investigate the effects of feeding on two abundantly occurring benthic diatoms, Nanofrustulum shiloi and Cylindrotheca closterium, isolated from the leaves of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica, on the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Adult P. lividus were fed for one month on diets of either one of the two diatoms and on the green alga Ulva rigida, used as a feeding control. By combining morphological, metabolomic and de novo transcriptomic approaches, we demonstrate toxigenic effect on embryos generated by females fed with these benthic diatoms. Furthermore, chemical analysis reveal the presence of polyunsaturated aldehydes only for N. shiloi, and a high production of other oxylipins (cytotoxic compounds on their grazers and on cancer cell lines) for both diatoms, including some additional peaks not correlated to the canonic oxylipins commonly observed in planktonic diatoms. These findings open new perspectives in the study of diatom secondary metabolites influencing their grazers.
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Pichierri S, Accoroni S, Pezzolesi L, Guerrini F, Romagnoli T, Pistocchi R, Totti C. Allelopathic effects of diatom filtrates on the toxic benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 131:116-122. [PMID: 28965670 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ostreopsis blooms regularly occur in many Mediterranean coastal areas in late summer-autumn. In the northern Adriatic Sea, Ostreopsis blooms affect diatom-dominated microphytobenthic communities. In this study, the effects of the filtrates of some diatom species, both benthic (Tabularia affinis, Proschkinia complanatoides and Navicula sp.) and planktonic (Thalassiosira sp. and Skeletonema marinoi) on cell morphology, cytological features and growth of O. cf. ovata were investigated. Our results showed a marked decrease of O. cf. ovata growth when cells were exposed to all diatom filtrates tested. The highest inhibitions were observed for exposures to P. complanatoides and Navicula sp. filtrates (92.5% and 80%, respectively) and increased with the age of diatom culture. Moreover, a clear DNA degradation and abnormal forms of O. cf. ovata cells (83.8% of the total) were found at the highest concentrations using Navicula sp. filtrate after 10 days of the inoculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Pichierri
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente - Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente - Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Pezzolesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali - Università di Bologna, via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Franca Guerrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali - Università di Bologna, via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Tiziana Romagnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente - Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Rossella Pistocchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali - Università di Bologna, via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente - Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
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