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Yang L, Yang Q, Zhang L, Ren F, Zhang Z, Jia Q. Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Analysis of Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathway in Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua. Molecules 2024; 29:2248. [PMID: 38792110 PMCID: PMC11124200 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, a class of phenolic compounds, are one of the main functional components and have a wide range of molecular structures and biological activities in Polygonatum. A few of them, including homoisoflavonoids, chalcones, isoflavones, and flavones, were identified in Polygonatum and displayed a wide range of powerful biological activities, such as anti-cancer, anti-viral, and blood sugar regulation. However, few studies have systematically been published on the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua. Therefore, in the present study, a combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis was performed on the leaf, stem, rhizome, and root tissues of P. cyrtonema to uncover the synthesis pathway of flavonoids and to identify key regulatory genes. Flavonoid-targeted metabolomics detected a total of 65 active substances from four different tissues, among which 49 substances were first study to identify in Polygonatum, and 38 substances were flavonoids. A total of 19 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) (five flavonols, three flavones, two dihydrochalcones, two flavanones, one flavanol, five phenylpropanoids, and one coumarin) were finally screened by KEGG enrichment analysis. Transcriptome analysis indicated that a total of 222 unigenes encoding 28 enzymes were annotated into three flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, which were "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis", "flavonoid biosynthesis", and "flavone and flavonol biosynthesis". The combined analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome revealed that 37 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) encoding 11 enzymes (C4H, PAL, 4CL, CHS, CHI, F3H, DFR, LAR, ANR, FNS, FLS) and 19 DAMs were more likely to be regulated in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. The expression of 11 DEGs was validated by qRT-PCR, resulting in good agreement with the RNA-Seq. Our studies provide a theoretical basis for further elucidating the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in Polygonatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyun Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (L.Y.); (Q.Y.); (L.Z.); (F.R.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qingwen Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (L.Y.); (Q.Y.); (L.Z.); (F.R.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Luping Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (L.Y.); (Q.Y.); (L.Z.); (F.R.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Fengxiao Ren
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (L.Y.); (Q.Y.); (L.Z.); (F.R.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhouyao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (L.Y.); (Q.Y.); (L.Z.); (F.R.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qiaojun Jia
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (L.Y.); (Q.Y.); (L.Z.); (F.R.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Li KL, Liang YM, Chen Z, Zheng PJ, Zhang GQ, Yan B, Elshikh MS, Rizwana H, Chen B, Xu Q. Genome-wide identification of the alkaloid synthesis gene family CYP450, gives new insights into alkaloid resource utilization in medicinal Dendrobium. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129229. [PMID: 38211913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The medicinal Dendrobium species of Orchidaceae possess significant pharmaceutical value, and modern pharmacological research has shown that Dendrobium contains many important active ingredients. Alkaloids, the crucial components of medicinal Dendrobium, demonstrate beneficial healing properties in cardiovascular, cataract, gastrointestinal, and respiratory diseases. Members of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) gene family play essential roles in alkaloid synthesis, participating in alkaloid terpene skeleton construction and subsequent modifications. Although studies of the CYP family have been conducted in some species, genome-wide characterization and systematic analysis of the CYP family in medicinal Dendrobium remain underexplored. In this study, we identified CYP gene family members in the genomes of four medicinal Dendrobium species recorded in the Pharmacopoeia: D. nobile, D. chrysotoxum, D. catenatum, and D. huoshanense. Further, we analyzed the motif composition, gene replication events, and selection pressure of this family. Syntenic analysis revealed that members of the clan 710 were present on chromosome 18 in three medicinal Dendrobium species, except for D. nobile, indicating a loss of clan 710 occurring in D. nobile. We also conducted an initial screening of the CYP genes involved in alkaloid synthesis through transcriptome sequencing. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR showed that the expression of DnoNew43 and DnoNew50, homologs of secologanin synthase involved in the alkaloid synthesis pathway, was significantly higher in the stems than in the leaves. This result coincided with the distribution of dendrobine content in Dendrobium stems and leaves, indicating that these two genes might be involved in the dendrobine synthesis pathway. Our results give insights into the CYP gene family evolution analysis in four medicinal Dendrobium species for the first time and identify two related genes that may be involved in alkaloid synthesis, providing a valuable resource for further investigations into alkaloid synthesis pathway in Dendrobium and other medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Li Li
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Yu-Min Liang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Pei-Ji Zheng
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Binghua Yan
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Mohamed Soliman Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Humaira Rizwana
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - BingJie Chen
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
| | - Qing Xu
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
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Tariq H, Asif S, Andleeb A, Hano C, Abbasi BH. Flavonoid Production: Current Trends in Plant Metabolic Engineering and De Novo Microbial Production. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010124. [PMID: 36677049 PMCID: PMC9864322 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites that represent a heterogeneous family of plant polyphenolic compounds. Recent research has determined that the health benefits of fruits and vegetables, as well as the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants, are based on the presence of various bioactive natural products, including a high proportion of flavonoids. With current trends in plant metabolite research, flavonoids have become the center of attention due to their significant bioactivity associated with anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial activities. However, the use of traditional approaches, widely associated with the production of flavonoids, including plant extraction and chemical synthesis, has not been able to establish a scalable route for large-scale production on an industrial level. The renovation of biosynthetic pathways in plants and industrially significant microbes using advanced genetic engineering tools offers substantial promise for the exploration and scalable production of flavonoids. Recently, the co-culture engineering approach has emerged to prevail over the constraints and limitations of the conventional monoculture approach by harnessing the power of two or more strains of engineered microbes to reconstruct the target biosynthetic pathway. In this review, current perspectives on the biosynthesis and metabolic engineering of flavonoids in plants have been summarized. Special emphasis is placed on the most recent developments in the microbial production of major classes of flavonoids. Finally, we describe the recent achievements in genetic engineering for the combinatorial biosynthesis of flavonoids by reconstructing synthesis pathways in microorganisms via a co-culture strategy to obtain high amounts of specific bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnat Tariq
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Saaim Asif
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Anisa Andleeb
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRAE USC1328, Eure et Loir Campus, Université d’Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (B.H.A.)
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (B.H.A.)
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Patel K, Patel DK. The Potential Therapeutic Properties of Prunetin against Human Health Complications: A Review of Medicinal Importance and Pharmacological Activities. DRUG METABOLISM AND BIOANALYSIS LETTERS 2022; 15:166-177. [PMID: 36098409 DOI: 10.2174/2949681015666220912104743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds found to be present in nature and abundant in flowers and fruits. Flavonoidal class phytochemicals have gained interest in the scientific field because of their important pharmacological activities. Several scientific studies have revealed anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-fungal, analgesic, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-parasitic and anti-allergic activities of flavonoidal class phytochemicals. Prunetin is an O-methylated isoflavone that belongs to the phytochemical phytoestrogen class, found to be present in licorice, red cherry, soybean and legumes. METHODS Biological potential and pharmacological activities of prunetin have been investigated in the present work through scientific data analysis of numerous scientific research works. Numerous literature databases have been searched in order to collect the scientific information on prunetin in the present work. Pharmacological activities of prunetin have been investigated in the present work through literature data analysis of different scientific research works. Scientific data have been collected from Google Scholar, Google, PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus. Analytical data on prunetin has been collected from literature sources and analyzed in the present work. RESULTS Scientific data analysis revealed the biological importance of prunetin in medicine. Prunetin was found to be present in the pea, peach, Oregon cherry, skimmed cheese, cheese, cow kefir and goat kefir. Prunetin is also present in the Prunus avium, Andira surinamensis, Butea superba, Dalbergia sympathetica, Ficus nervosa, Pterospartum tridentatum and Pycnanthus angolensis. Pharmacological data analysis revealed the biological importance of prunetin on bone disorders, cancers, especially hepatocellular carcinoma, urinary bladder cancer, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, human airway, gut health and enzymes. Scientific data analysis revealed biological effectiveness of prunetin for their angiogenic effects, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, estrogenic and vasorelaxant potential. Analytical data revealed the importance of modern analytical techniques for qualitative and quantitative analysis of prunetin in the scientific fields. CONCLUSION Scientific data analysis in the present investigation revealed the biological importance and pharmacological activities of prunetin in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pardesh, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pardesh, India
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Huang M, Xing H, Li Z, Li H, Wu L, Jiang Y. Identification and expression profile of the soil moisture and Ralstonia solanacearum response CYPome in ginger ( Zingiber officinale). PeerJ 2021; 9:e11755. [PMID: 34414026 PMCID: PMC8340902 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytochrome P450s play crucial roles in various biosynthetic reactions. Ginger (Zingiber officinale), which is often threatened by Ralstonia solanacearum, is the most economically important crop in the family Zingiberaceae. Whether the cytochrome P450 complement (CYPome) significantly responds to this pathogen has remained unclear. Methods Transcriptomic responses to R. solanacearum and soil moisture were analyzed in ginger, and expression profiles of the CYPome were determined based on transcriptome data. Results A total of 821 P450 unigenes with ORFs ≥ 300 bp were identified. Forty percent soil moisture suppressed several key P450 unigenes involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids, gingerols, and jasmonates, including unigenes encoding flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase, flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, steroid 22-alpha-hydroxylase, cytochrome P450 family 724 subfamily B polypeptide 1, and allene oxide synthase. Conversely, the expression of P450 unigenes involved in gibberellin biosynthesis and abscisic acid catabolism, encoding ent-kaurene oxidase and abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase, respectively, were promoted by 40% soil moisture. Under R. solanacearum infection, the expression of P450 unigenes involved in the biosynthesis of the above secondary metabolites were changed, but divergent expression patterns were observed under different soil moisture treatments. High moisture repressed expression of genes involved in flavonoid, brassinosteroid, gingerol, and jasmonate biosynthesis, but promoted expression of genes involved in GA anabolism and ABA catabolism. These results suggest possible mechanisms for how high moisture causes elevated susceptibility to R. solanacearum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, Chongqing, China.,Research Institute for Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Haitao Xing
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhexin Li
- Research Institute for Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Honglei Li
- Research Institute for Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Yusong Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, Chongqing, China.,Research Institute for Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China
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Yu Y, Chen J, Zhang X, Wang Y, Wang S, Zhao L, Wang Y. Identification of anti-inflammatory compounds from Zhongjing formulae by knowledge mining and high-content screening in a zebrafish model of inflammatory bowel diseases. Chin Med 2021; 16:42. [PMID: 34059101 PMCID: PMC8166029 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00452-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic relapsing intestinal inflammations with increasing global incidence, and new drug development remains in urgent demand for IBD management. To identify effective traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulae and compounds in IBD treatment, we innovatively combined the techniques of knowledge mining, high-content screening and high-resolution mass spectrometry, to conduct a systematic screening in Zhongjing formulae, which is a large collection of TCM prescriptions with most abundant clinical evidences. METHODS Using Word2vec-based text learning, the correlations between 248 Zhongjing formulae and IBD typical symptoms were analyzed. Next, from the top three formulae with predicted relationship with IBD, TCM fractions were prepared and screened on a transgenic zebrafish IBD model for their therapeutic effects. Subsequently, the chemical compositions of the fraction hits were analyzed by mass spectrometry, and the major compounds were further studied for their anti-IBD effects and potential mechanisms. RESULTS Through knowledge mining, Peach Blossom Decoction, Pulsatilla Decoction, and Gegen Qinlian Decoction were predicted to be the three Zhongjing formulae mostly related to symptoms typical of IBD. Seventy-four fractions were prepared from the three formulae and screened in TNBS-induced zebrafish IBD model by high-content analysis, with the inhibition on the intestinal neutrophil accumulation and ROS level quantified as the screening criteria. Six herbal fractions showed significant effects on both pathological processes, which were subsequently analyzed by mass spectrometry to determine their chemical composition. Based on the major compounds identified by mass spectrometry, a second-round screen was conducted and six compounds (palmatine, daidzin, oroxyloside, chlorogenic acid, baicalin, aesculin) showed strong inhibitory effects on the intestinal inflammation phenotypes. The expression of multiple inflammatory factors, including il1β, clcx8a, mmp and tnfα, were increased in TNBS-treated fish, which were variously inhibited by the compounds, with aesculin showing the most potent effects. Moreover, aesculin and daidzin also upregulated e-cadherin's expression. CONCLUSION Taken together, we demonstrated the regulatory effects of several TCM formulae and their active compounds in the treatment of IBD, through a highly efficient research strategy, which can be applied in the discovery of effective TCM formulae and components in other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunru Yu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shufang Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling reveals the tissue-specific flavonoid compositions and their biosynthesis pathways in Ziziphora bungeana. Chin Med 2020; 15:73. [PMID: 32695217 PMCID: PMC7364582 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00354-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ziziphora bungeana Juz. is a folk medicine from the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The herb or the aerial parts of it have been used to medicinally treat cardiovascular diseases. Flavonoids are the main pharmacologically active ingredients in Z. bungeana. Identification of the tissue-specific distribution of flavonoids in Z. bungeana is crucial for effective and sustainable medicinal use of the plant. Furthermore, understanding of the biosynthesis pathways of these flavonoids in Z. bungeana is of great biological significance. Methods The flavonoids from different tissues of Z. bungeana were identified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The full-length transcriptome of Z. bungeana was determined using a strategy based on a combination of Illumina and PacBio sequencing techniques. The functions of differentially expressed unigenes were predicted using bioinformatics methods and further investigated by real-time quantitative PCR and phylogenetic relationship analysis. Results Among the 12 major flavonoid components identified from Z. bungeana extracts, linarin was the most abundant component. Nine flavonoids were identified as characteristic components of specific tissues. Transcriptome profiling and bioinformatic analysis revealed that 18 genes were putatively involved in flavonoid biosynthesis. The gene expression and phylogenetic analysis results indicated that ZbPALs, Zb4CL3, ZbCHS1, and ZbCHI1 may be involved in the biosynthesis of the main flavonoid intermediate. ZbFNSII, ZbANS, and ZbFLS may be involved in the biosynthesis of flavones, anthocyanins, and flavonols, respectively. A map of the biosynthesis pathways of the 12 major flavonoids in Z. bungeana is proposed. Conclusions The chemical constituent analysis revealed the compositions of 9 characteristic flavonoids in different tissues of Z. bungeana. Linarin can be hydrolysed into acacetin to exert a pharmaceutical role. Apigenin-7-O-rutinoside is hypothesised to be the precursor of linarin in Z. bungeana. There was greater content of linarin in the aerial parts of the plant than in the whole herb, which provides a theoretical basis for using the aerial parts of Z. bungeana for medicine. These results provide a valuable reference for further research on the flavonoid biosynthesis pathways of Z. bungeana and will be significant for the effective utilisation and ecological protection of Z. bungeana.
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Pradhan S, Babar MA, Bai G, Khan J, Shahi D, Avci M, Guo J, McBreen J, Asseng S, Gezan S, Baik BK, Blount A, Harrison S, Sapkota S, St Amand P, Kunwar S. Genetic dissection of heat-responsive physiological traits to improve adaptation and increase yield potential in soft winter wheat. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:315. [PMID: 32312234 PMCID: PMC7171738 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6717-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change, including higher temperatures (HT) has a detrimental impact on wheat productivity and modeling studies predict more frequent heat waves in the future. Wheat growth can be impaired by high daytime and nighttime temperature at any developmental stage, especially during the grain filling stage. Leaf chlorophyll content, leaf greenness, cell membrane thermostability, and canopy temperature have been proposed as candidate traits to improve crop adaptation and yield potential of wheat under HT. Nonetheless, a significant gap exists in knowledge of genetic backgrounds associated with these physiological traits. Identifying genetic loci associated with these traits can facilitate physiological breeding for increased yield potential under high temperature stress condition in wheat. RESULTS We conducted genome-wide association study (GWAS) on a 236 elite soft wheat association mapping panel using 27,466 high quality single nucleotide polymorphism markers. The panel was phenotyped for three years in two locations where heat shock was common. GWAS identified 500 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) (p ≤ 9.99 × 10- 4). Ten MTAs with pleiotropic effects detected on chromosomes 1D, 2B, 3A, 3B, 6A, 7B, and 7D are potentially important targets for selection. Five MTAs associated with physiological traits had pleiotropic effects on grain yield and yield-related traits. Seventy-five MTAs were consistently expressed over several environments indicating stability and more than half of these stable MTAs were found in genes encoding different types of proteins associated with heat stress. CONCLUSIONS We identified 500 significant MTAs in soft winter wheat under HT stress. We found several stable loci across environments and pleiotropic markers controlling physiological and agronomic traits. After further validation, these MTAs can be used in marker-assisted selection and breeding to develop varieties with high stability for grain yield under high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Pradhan
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Md Ali Babar
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | | | - Jahangir Khan
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dipendra Shahi
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Muhsin Avci
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jordan McBreen
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Senthold Asseng
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Salvador Gezan
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Ann Blount
- North Florida Research and Education Cente, Quincy, FL, USA
| | | | - Suraj Sapkota
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Sanju Kunwar
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Guodong R, Jianguo Z, Xiaoxia L, Ying L. Identification of putative genes for polyphenol biosynthesis in olive fruits and leaves using full-length transcriptome sequencing. Food Chem 2019; 300:125246. [PMID: 31357017 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Olive (Olea europaea) is a rich source of valuable bioactive polyphenols, which has attracted widespread interest. In this study, we combined targeted metabolome, Pacbio ISOseq transcriptome, and Illumina RNA-seq transcriptome to investigate the association between polyphenols and gene expression in the developing olive fruits and leaves. A total of 12 main polyphenols were measured, and 122 transcripts of 17 gene families, 101 transcripts of 9 gene families, and 106 transcripts of 6 gene families that encode for enzymes involved in flavonoid, oleuropein, and hydroxytyrosol biosynthesis were separately identified. Additionally, 232 alternative splicing events of 18 genes related to polyphenol synthesis were analyzed. This is the first time that the third generations of full-length transcriptome technology were used to study the gene expression pattern of olive fruits and leaves. The results of transcriptome combined with targeted metabolome can help us better understand the polyphenol biosynthesis pathways in the olive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rao Guodong
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Zhang Jianguo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Liu Xiaoxia
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Luo Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
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Shi Y, Zhang S, Peng D, Wang C, Zhao D, Ma K, Wu J, Huang L. Transcriptome Analysis of Clinopodium chinense (Benth.) O. Kuntze and Identification of Genes Involved in Triterpenoid Saponin Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2643. [PMID: 31146369 PMCID: PMC6600151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinopodium chinense (Benth.) O. Kuntze (C. chinense) is an important herb in traditional Chinese medicine. Triterpenoid saponins are a major class of active compounds in C. chinense with broad pharmacological activities and hemostatic, antitumor, and anti-hyperglycemic effects. To identify genes involved in triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis, transcriptomic analyses of leaves, stems, and roots from C. chinense were performed. A total of 135,968 unigenes were obtained by assembling the leaf, stem, and root transcripts, of which 102,154 were annotated in public databases. Differentially expressed genes were determined based on expression profile analysis and analyzed for differential expression of unique genes related to triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis. Multiple unigenes encoding crucial enzymes or transcription factors involved in triterpenoid saponin synthesis were identified and analyzed. The expression levels of unigenes encoding enzymes were experimentally validated using quantitative real-time PCR. This study greatly broadens the public transcriptome database for this species and provides a valuable resource for identifying candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins and other secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Shi
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China.
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China.
| | - Shengxiang Zhang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China.
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China.
| | - Daiyin Peng
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China.
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Anhui Authentic Chinese Medicine Quality Improvement, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Chenkai Wang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China.
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China.
| | - Derui Zhao
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China.
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China.
| | - Kelong Ma
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China.
- Clinical College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Jiawen Wu
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China.
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China.
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Anhui Authentic Chinese Medicine Quality Improvement, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China.
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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Begum MM, Islam A, Begum R, Uddin MS, Rahman MS, Alam S, Akter W, Das M, Rahman MS, Imon AHMR. Ethnopharmacological Inspections of Organic Extract of Oroxylum indicum in Rat Models: A Promising Natural Gift. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:1562038. [PMID: 31073315 PMCID: PMC6470466 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1562038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The stem bark of Oroxylum indicum (O. indicum) was aimed at testing for anti-inflammatory, antiulcerative, antihyperglycemic, and antidyslipidemic activities. Liver enzyme concentration (SGPT, SGOT) had also been assessed. After being extracted in organic solvent, 3 distinct doses, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg b.w. (p.o.), were used. For edema formation 0.1 ml carrageenan at a dose of 1% w/v was injected into paw of left hind. It showed a fall of edemas 37.50%, 48.34%, and 55.83% while used doses were 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg b.w. (p.o.) individually. The EtOH extract of O. indicum (50%) and its fractions PET, CLF, EtOAc, and nBUT were studied against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage. Only PET and n-BuOH exhibited the highest percentage of protection and were 96% and 99%, respectively, persuaded by ethanol. In OGTT glibenclamide revealed reduction of glucose level to 7.55 ± 0.22 mmol/L from 10.57 ± 0.32 mmol/L after 30 minutes. Antihyperglycemic activities were assessed for 8- and 12-week duration in diabetic rats. Glibenclamide reduced glucose level from 33.50±0.31 to 7.90±0.19 mmol/L in 12 weeks. In 12 and 8 weeks, combination therapy lowered blood glucose level to a normal extent by 79% and 61% individually. In antidyslipidemic activities after 12-week treatment, it revealed simvastatin; MEOI (400 mg/kg b.w.) and combination of both reduced TC level by 44%, 28%, and 48% consequently followed by TG and LDL. In 8-week treatment, HDL levels were increased by 34%, 13%, and 36%, and in 12 weeks increased by 36%, 8%, and 38% consequently. Liver enzyme concentration after 12 weeks of treatment with glibenclamide, 400 mg/kg b.w. (p.o.) of MEOI and combination of both, exhibited the fact that concentration of SGPT showed downturn by 43.23%, 8.01%, and 54.86% and SGOT by 42.40%, 5.31%, and 44.85%. This study remarked that O. indicum has anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antidiabetic, and antidyslipidemic potentials but has no ameliorative effect on liver enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst. Marium Begum
- Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Primeasia University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Azharul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Dhaka International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rayhana Begum
- Department of Pharmacy, Primeasia University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sohanur Rahman
- Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Sumiya Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Primeasia University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Wahida Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Primeasia University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Munny Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Yang M, Zhou P, Gui C, Da G, Gong L, Zhang X. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Ampelopsis megalophylla for Identifying Genes Involved in Flavonoid Biosynthesis and Accumulation during Different Seasons. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071267. [PMID: 30939828 PMCID: PMC6480179 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ampelopsis megalophylla is an important species used in Chinese folk medicine. Flavonoids, the most important active components of plants, greatly determine the quality of A. megalophylla. However, biosynthesis of flavonoids at the molecular and genetic levels in A. megalophylla is not well understood. In this study, we performed chemical analysis and transcriptome analysis of A. megalophylla in different seasons (i.e., May, August, and October). Accumulation of flavonoids was higher in May than in the other two months. Genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, such as chalcone synthase, anthocyanidin synthase, flavanone 3-hydroxylase, flavonoid-3′,5′-hydroxylase, caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, 4-coumarate-CoA ligase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, flavonoid 3′-monooxygenase, shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase, and leucoanthocyanidin reductase, were identified based on transcriptome data. Fifty ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter, nine SNARE, forty-nine GST, and eighty-four glycosyltransferases unigenes related to flavonoid transport and biomodification were also found. Moreover, seventy-eight cytochrome P450s and multiple transcription factors (five MYB, two bHLH, and three WD40 family genes) may be associated with the regulation of the flavonoid biosynthesis process. These results provide insights into the molecular processes of flavonoid biosynthesis in A. megalophylla and offer a significant resource for the application of genetic engineering in developing varieties with improved quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Peina Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Chun Gui
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Guozheng Da
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Ling Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Xiuqiao Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China.
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