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Xiong Y, Shi Q, Li J, Sy ND, Schlenk D, Gan J. Methylation and Demethylation of Emerging Contaminants in Plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:1998-2006. [PMID: 38240245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Many contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) have reactive functional groups and may readily undergo biotransformations, such as methylation and demethylation. These transformations have been reported to occur during human metabolism and wastewater treatment, leading to the propagation of CECs. When treated wastewater and biosolids are used in agriculture, CECs and their transformation products (TPs) are introduced into soil-plant systems. However, little is known about whether transformation cycles, such as methylation and demethylation, take place in higher plants and hence affect the fate of CECs in terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, we explored the interconversion between four common CECs (acetaminophen, diazepam, methylparaben, and naproxen) and their methylated or demethylated TPs in Arabidopsis thaliana cells and whole wheat seedlings. The methylation-demethylation cycle occurred in both plant models with demethylation generally taking place at a greater degree than methylation. The transformation rate of demethylation or methylation was dependent on the bond strength of R-CH3, with demethylation of methylparaben or methylation of acetaminophen being more pronounced. Although not explored in this study, these interconversions may exert influences on the behavior and biological activity of CECs, particularly in terrestrial ecosystems. The study findings demonstrated the prevalence of transformation cycles between CECs and their methylated or demethylated TPs in higher plants, contributing to a more complete understanding of risks of CECs in the human-wastewater-soil-plant continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Xiong
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Qingyang Shi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jun Li
- School of the Earth Sciences and Resources, Chinese University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nathan Darlucio Sy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jay Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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Hsien Li P, Shih YJ, Lu WC, Huang PH, Wang CCR. Antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties of Cinnamomum kanehirae Hayata leaves extracts. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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Application of Multiple Strategies to Improve the Production of the Potential Cancer Drug 4-Acetylantroquinonol B (4-AAQB) by the Rare Fungus Antrodia cinnamomea. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:2720-2730. [PMID: 35257317 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
4-Acetylantroquinonol B (4-AAQB) was identified in the rare fungus Antrodia cinnamomea and has been proven to be a potential therapeutic agent for cancer treatment. But the extraction of 4-AAQB from the fruit body led to a low yield and limited its further application in the pharmaceutical field. In this work, 4-AAQB production was enhanced in the submerged fermentation by the combination of exogenous additives, surfactants with the in situ extractive fermentation. 4-Methylbenzoic acid was proven to be an efficient additive for the accumulation of 4-AAQB by Antrodia cinnamomea, while 2% (w/v) Tween-80 added on the first day as surfactant and 30% (w/v) oleic acid added on the sixteenth day as extractant were the most available couples for 4-AAQB production in the in situ extractive fermentation. The combination of these multiple strategies resulted in the yield of 4-AAQB to 17.27 mg/g dry cell weight with a titer of 140 mg/L, which was the highest titer of 4-AAQB reported so far. It showed that the combination of these strategies had a significant promotion on 4-AAQB production by A. cinnamomea, which laid a good foundation for its large-scale production and also provided a viable method for the cultivation of other rare fungi.
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Liu X, Xia Y, Zhang Y, Liang L, Xiong Z, Wang G, Song X, Ai L. Enhancement of antroquinonol production via the overexpression of 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase biosynthesis-related genes in Antrodia cinnamomea. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 184:112677. [PMID: 33556840 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Antroquinonol (AQ) as one of the most potent bioactive components in Antrodia cinnamomea (Fomitopsidaceae) shows a broad spectrum of anticancer effects. The lower yield of AQ has hampered its possible clinical application. AQ production may potentially be improved by genetic engineering. In this study, the protoplast-polyethylene glycol method combined with hygromycin as a selection marker was used in the genetic engineering of A. cinnamomea S-29. The optimization of several crucial parameters revealed that the optimal condition for generating maximal viable protoplasts was digestion of 4-day-old germlings with a mixture of enzymes (lysing enzyme, snailase, and cellulase) and 1.0 M MgSO4 for 4 h. The ubiA and CoQ2 genes, which are involved in the synthesis of 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase, were cloned and overexpressed in A. cinnamomea. The results showed that ubiA and CoQ2 overexpression significantly increased AQ production in submerged fermentation. The overexpressing strain produced maximum AQ concentrations of 14.75 ± 0.41 mg/L and 19.25 ± 0.29 mg/L in pCT74-gpd-ubiA and pCT74-gpd-CoQ2 transformants, respectively. These concentrations were 2.00 and 2.61 times greater than those produced by the control, respectively. This research exemplifies how the production of metabolites may be increased by genetic manipulation, and will be invaluable to guide the genetic engineering of other mushrooms that produce medically useful compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Yongjun Xia
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chem and Bio Processing Technology of Farm Produces, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310023, PR China
| | - Lihong Liang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Xiong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Guangqiang Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Xin Song
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Lianzhong Ai
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China.
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Liu X, Xia Y, Zhang Y, Sang K, Xiong Z, Wang G, Liu X, Ai L. RNA-Seq transcriptomic analyses of Antrodia camphorata to determine antroquinonol and antrodin C biosynthetic mechanisms in the in situ extractive fermentation. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:4252-4262. [PMID: 32378228 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In situ extractive fermentation (ISEF) is an important technique for improving metabolite productivity. The different extractants can induce the synthesis of different bioactive metabolites of Antrodia camphorata during ISEF. However, a lack of research on the molecular genetics of A. camphorata during ISEF currently hinders such studies on metabolite biosynthetic mechanisms. RESULTS To clarify the differentially expressed genes during ISEF, the gene transcriptional expression features of A. camphorata S-29 were analysed. The addition of n-tetradecane as an extractant during ISEF showed more pronounced up-regulation of ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis pathway genes (CoQ2, wrbA and ARO8). When oleic acid was used as an extractant, the terpenoid backbone biosynthesis and ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis pathways were significantly enriched, and genes (IDI, E2.3.3.10, HMGCR atoB, and CoQ2) related to these two pathways were also significantly up-regulated. The CoQ2 genes encode puru-hydroxybenzoate:polyprenyltransferase, playing an important role in antroquinonol synthesis. The IDI, E2.3.3.10, HMGCR and atoB genes of the terpenoid backbone biosynthesis pathway might play an important role in the synthesis of the triquine-type sesquiterpene antrodin C. CONCLUSION This investigation advances our understanding of how two different extractants of n-tetradecane and oleic acid affect the biosynthesis of metabolites in A. camphorata. It is beneficial to provide potential strategies for improving antrodin C and antroquinonol production by genetic means. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjun Xia
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Kunkun Sang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xiong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangqiang Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianzhong Ai
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Liu X, Xia Y, Zhang Y, Yang C, Xiong Z, Song X, Ai L. Comprehensive transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of antroquinonol biosynthetic genes and enzymes in Antrodia camphorata. AMB Express 2020; 10:136. [PMID: 32748086 PMCID: PMC7399014 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01076-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antroquinonol (AQ) has several remarkable bioactivities in acute myeloid leukaemia and pancreatic cancer, but difficulties in the mass production of AQ hamper its applications. Currently, molecular biotechnology methods, such as gene overexpression, have been widely used to increase the production of metabolites. However, AQ biosynthetic genes and enzymes are poorly understood. In this study, an integrated study coupling RNA-Seq and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) were used to identify AQ synthesis-related genes and enzymes in Antrodia camphorata during coenzyme Q0-induced fermentation (FM). The upregulated genes related to acetyl-CoA synthesis indicated that acetyl-CoA enters the mevalonate pathway to form the farnesyl tail precursor of AQ. The metE gene for an enzyme with methyl transfer activity provided sufficient methyl groups for AQ structure formation. The CoQ2 and ubiA genes encode p-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyl transferase, linking coenzyme Q0 and the polyisoprene side chain to form coenzyme Q3. NADH is transformed into NAD+ and releases two electrons, which may be beneficial for the conversion of coenzyme Q3 to AQ. Understanding the biosynthetic genes and enzymes of AQ is important for improving its production by genetic means in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Xia
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiyun Yang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Xiong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Song
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianzhong Ai
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China.
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Kuang Y, Li B, Wang Z, Qiao X, Ye M. Terpenoids from the medicinal mushroom Antrodia camphorata: chemistry and medicinal potential. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 38:83-102. [PMID: 32720965 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00023j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to February 2020Antrodia camphorata is a medicinal mushroom endemic to Taiwan for the treatment of intoxication, liver injury, cancer, and inflammation. Owing to its rare occurrence and potent pharmacological activities, efforts have been devoted to identify its bioactive constituents, especially terpenoids. Since 1995, a total of 162 terpenoids including triterpenoids, meroterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, and steroids have been characterized. The ergostane-type triterpenoids (antcins) and meroterpenoids (antroquinonols) are characteristic constituents of A. camphorata. The terpenoids show anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and neuroprotective activities. This review summarizes the research progress on terpenoids in A. camphorata during 1995-2020, including structural diversity, resources, biosynthesis, pharmacological activities, metabolism, and toxicity. The medicinal potential of the terpenoids is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
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Abby SS, Kazemzadeh K, Vragniau C, Pelosi L, Pierrel F. Advances in bacterial pathways for the biosynthesis of ubiquinone. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148259. [PMID: 32663475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquinone is an important component of the electron transfer chains in proteobacteria and eukaryotes. The biosynthesis of ubiquinone requires multiple steps, most of which are common to bacteria and eukaryotes. Whereas the enzymes of the mitochondrial pathway that produces ubiquinone are highly similar across eukaryotes, recent results point to a rather high diversity of pathways in bacteria. This review focuses on ubiquinone in bacteria, highlighting newly discovered functions and detailing the proteins that are known to participate to its biosynthetic pathways. Novel results showing that ubiquinone can be produced by a pathway independent of dioxygen suggest that ubiquinone may participate to anaerobiosis, in addition to its well-established role for aerobiosis. We also discuss the supramolecular organization of ubiquinone biosynthesis proteins and we summarize the current understanding of the evolution of the ubiquinone pathways relative to those of other isoprenoid quinones like menaquinone and plastoquinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Saphia Abby
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Katayoun Kazemzadeh
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Charles Vragniau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ludovic Pelosi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Fabien Pierrel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
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Oxygen vector accelerates farnesylation and redox reaction to promote the biosynthesis of 4-acetylantroquinonol B and antroquinonol during submerged fermentation of Antrodia cinnamomea. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wang C, Zhang W, Wong JH, Ng T, Ye X. Diversity of potentially exploitable pharmacological activities of the highly prized edible medicinal fungus Antrodia camphorata. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:7843-7867. [PMID: 31407039 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antrodia camphorata, also known as A. cinnamomea, is a precious medicinal basidiomycete fungus endemic to Taiwan. This article summarizes the recent advances in research on the multifarious pharmacological effects of A. camphorata. The mushroom exhibits anticancer activity toward a large variety of cancers including breast, cervical, ovarian, prostate, bladder, colorectal, pancreatic, liver, and lung cancers; melanoma; leukemia; lymphoma; neuroblastoma; and glioblastoma. Other activities encompass antiinflammatory, antiatopic dermatitis, anticachexia, immunoregulatory, antiobesity, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antiatherosclerotic, antihypertensive, antiplatelet, antioxidative, antiphotodamaging, hepatoprotective, renoprotective, neuroprotective, testis protecting, antiasthmatic, osteogenic, osteoprotective, antiviral, antibacterial, and wound healing activities. This review aims to provide a reference for further development and utilization of this highly prized mushroom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caicheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Jack Ho Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tzibun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiujuan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China. .,Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China. .,Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.
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