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Peltomaa E, Asikainen H, Blomster J, Pakkanen H, Rigaud C, Salmi P, Taipale S. Phytoplankton group identification with chemotaxonomic biomarkers: In combination they do better. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 209:113624. [PMID: 36871900 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemotaxonomic biomarkers are needed to monitor and evaluate the nutritional quality of phytoplankton communities. The biomolecules produced by different phytoplankton species do not always follow genetic phylogeny. Therefore, we analyzed fatty acids, sterols, and carotenoids from 57 freshwater phytoplankton strains to evaluate the usability of these biomolecules as chemotaxonomic biomarkers. We found 29 fatty acids, 34 sterols, and 26 carotenoids in our samples. The strains were grouped into cryptomonads, cyanobacteria, diatoms, dinoflagellates, golden algae, green algae, and raphidophytes, and the phytoplankton group explained 61%, 54%, and 89% of the variability of fatty acids, sterols, and carotenoids, respectively. Fatty acid and carotenoid profiles distinguished most phytoplankton groups, but not flawlessly. For example, fatty acids could not distinguish golden algae and cryptomonads, whereas carotenoids did not separate diatoms and golden algae. The sterol composition was heterogeneous but seemed to be useful for distinguishing different genera within a phytoplankton group. The chemotaxonomy biomarkers yielded optimal genetic phylogeny when the fatty acids, sterols, and carotenoids were used together in multivariate statistical analysis. Our results suggest that the accuracy of phytoplankton composition modeling could be enhanced by combining these three biomolecule groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Peltomaa
- Department of Forest Sciences, Latokartanonkaari 7, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - H Asikainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Survontie 9 C, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - J Blomster
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Group, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikinkaari 1, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - H Pakkanen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Survontie 9 C, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - C Rigaud
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Survontie 9 C, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - P Salmi
- Spectral Imaging Laboratory, Faculty of Information Technology, Mattilanniemi 2, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - S Taipale
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Survontie 9 C, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Quality assessment and geographical origin classification of extra-virgin olive oils imported into China. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Poddar Sarkar M, Biswas Raha A, Datta J, Mitra S. Chemotaxonomic and evolutionary perspectives of Bryophyta based on multivariate analysis of fatty acid fingerprints of Eastern Himalayan mosses. PROTOPLASMA 2022; 259:1125-1137. [PMID: 34787717 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01723-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bryophyta comprises one of the earliest lineages of land plants that had implemented remarkable innovations to their lipid metabolic systems for successful adaptation to terrestrial habitat. This study presents a comprehensive investigation of fatty acid profiles of mosses from Eastern Himalayas with an aim to trace their chemotaxonomic and evolutionary implications. Fatty acid compositions of 40 random mosses belonging to major families of Bryophyta were explored by gas chromatographic analysis. A diverse array of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids including rare acetylenic fatty acids were detected. Hexadecanoic acid (C16:0), 9,12 (Z,Z)-octadecadienoic acid (C18:2n6) and 9,12,15 (Z,Z,Z)-octadecatrienoic acid (C18:3n3) were the predominant fatty acids in all the mosses. However, quantitative variation of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), specifically 5,8,11,14 (Z,Z,Z,Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid (C20:4n6), among the investigated mosses was the most prominent outcome. The diplolepidous members of Bryidae, especially the mosses of Hypnales, Bryales and Bartramiales contained higher amount of C20 PUFAs compared with the haplolepidous orders. Principal component analyses based on individual fatty acids and other related parameters validated C20:4n6 content and the ratio of C20:4n6/C18:2n6 as the apparent chemotaxonomic discriminants. The prevalent notion of considering 9,12,15-octadecatrien-6-ynoic acid (C18:4a) as the chemomarker of Dicranaceae has also been challenged, since the compound was detected not only in different families of Dicranales, but also in a Pottiales member, Leptodontium viticulosoides. Therefore, an ensemble of fatty acids instead of a single one can be considered as the chemical signature for taxonomic interpretation which may also be vital from an evolutionary standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Poddar Sarkar
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Anashuya Biswas Raha
- Department of Botany, Diamond Harbour Women's University, Diamond Harbour Road, Sarisha, South 24 Parganas, Sarisha, 743368, West Bengal, India
| | - Jayashree Datta
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Souvik Mitra
- Department of Botany, Darjeeling Government College, 19, Lebong Cart Road, Darjeeling, 734101, West Bengal, India.
- Department of Botany, Taki Government College, North 24 Parganas, Taki, 743429, West Bengal, India.
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Santana-Sánchez A, Lynch F, Sirin S, Allahverdiyeva Y. Nordic cyanobacterial and algal lipids: Triacylglycerol accumulation, chemotaxonomy and bioindustrial potential. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:591-602. [PMID: 33928648 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ability to capture and convert sunlight, water and nutrients into useful compounds make photosynthetic microbes ideal candidates for the bio-industrial factories of the future. However, the suitability of isolates from temperate regions to grow under Nordic conditions is questionable. In this work, we explore the chemotaxonomy of Nordic strains of cyanobacteria and one green alga and evaluate their potential as raw materials for the production of lipid-based bio-industrial compounds. Thin-layer chromatography was used to identify the presence of triacylglycerol, which were detected in the majority of strains. Fatty acid methyl ester profiles were analysed to determine the suitability of strains for the production of biodiesel or the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids for the nutraceutical industry. The Nordic Synechococcus strains were unique in demonstrating fatty acid profiles comprised mostly C14:0, C16:0 and C16:1 and lacking polyunsaturated fatty acids. These properties translated to superior predicted biodiesel qualities, including cetane number, cold filter plugging point and oxidative stability compared to the other evaluated strains. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were detected at high levels (38-53%), with Calothrix sp. 336/3 being abundant in two essential fatty acids, linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid (21 and 17%, respectively). Gamma-linoleic acid was the predominant polyunsaturated fatty acid for the remaining strains (13-21%). In addition to assessing the potential of Nordic strains for bio-industrial production, this work also discusses issues such as taxonomy and predictive modelling, which can affect the identification of prospective high-performing strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Santana-Sánchez
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Fiona Lynch
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sema Sirin
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Yagut Allahverdiyeva
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Kim YS, Yun HS, Lee JH, Kim HS, Yoon HS. Environmental Factors Associated with the Eukaryotic Microbial Community and Microalgal Groups in the Mountain Marshes of South Korea. Pol J Microbiol 2021; 70:215-233. [PMID: 34349812 PMCID: PMC8326984 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2021-019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity indices of eukaryotic microalgal groups in the Jeonglyeongchi, Waegok, and Wangdeungjae marshes of Mount Jiri, Korea, were measured using Illumina MiSeq and culture-based analyses. Waegok marsh had the highest species richness, with a Chao1 value of 828.00, and the highest levels of species diversity, with Shannon and Simpson index values of 6.36 and 0.94, respectively, while Wangdeungjae marsh had the lowest values at 2.97 and 0.75, respectively. The predominant species in all communities were Phagocata sibirica (Jeonglyeongchi, 68.64%), Aedes albopictus (Waegok, 34.77%), Chaetonotus cf. (Waegok, 24.43%), Eimeria sp. (Wangdeungjae, 26.17%), and Eumonhystera cf. (Wangdeungjae, 22.27%). Relative abundances of the microalgal groups Bacillariophyta (diatoms) and Chlorophyta (green algae) in each marsh were respectively: Jeonglyeongchi 1.38% and 0.49%, Waegok 7.0% and 0.3%, and Wangdeungjae 10.41% and 4.72%. Illumina MiSeq analyses revealed 34 types of diatoms and 13 types of green algae. Only one diatom (Nitzschia dissipata) and five green algae (Neochloris sp., Chlamydomonas sp., Chlorococcum sp., Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus sp.) were identified by a culture-based analysis. Thus, Illumina MiSeq analysis can be considered an efficient tool for analyzing microbial communities. Overall, our results described the environmental factors associated with geographically isolated mountain marshes and their respective microbial and microalgal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Saeng Kim
- Research Institute of Ulleung-do and Dok-do, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Sik Yun
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jea Hack Lee
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Han-Soon Kim
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ho-Sung Yoon
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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Stamenković M, Steinwall E, Wulff A. Cultivation and Photophysiological Characteristics of Desmids in Moderately Saline Aquaculture Wastewater. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:726-741. [PMID: 33598949 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although desmids typically inhabit freshwater environments characterized by low amounts of nutrients and low salinity, several desmid species have been recorded in eutrophic waters, indicating their adaptation to elevated pollution and conductivity. This study aimed to determine whether desmids could be used for remediation of moderately saline aquaculture wastewater (AWW) from a fish farm situated in the southeast of Sweden. Fourteen desmid strains isolated from different climates (tropical to polar) and trophic conditions (oligotrophic to eutrophic) were cultivated in diluted AWW and we estimated their growth rates, biomass, nutrient removal efficiency, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and cellular C, N and P quotas. Despite being grown at moderate salinity, unfavourable N:P ratio, and relatively low light/temperature regime the eutrophic strains, Cosmarium humile, Cosmarium laeve and a meso-oligotrophic species Cosmarium impressulum, completely absorbed nitrate and phosphate from AWW media after 7 d, indicating their potential for remediation of fish effluents in colder climates. These species, along with the typical eutrophic species, Cosmarium meneghinii and Staurastrum chaetoceras, had biomass in the range 0.45-1.19 g · L-1 while maximum growth rates ranged from 0.36 to 0.51 · d-1 , similar to published rates for several fast-growing green microalgae cultivated in various AWW types. Tropical desmids had distinctly high values of saturating irradiance (Ik > 1,000 µmol photons · m-2 · s-1 ), and, along with eutrophic desmids, had high potential electron transport (rETRmax > 155 rel. units). Hence, the desmids studied demonstrated inherent photophysiological responses corresponding to their climate and trophic origin under the suboptimal growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Stamenković
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE40530, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Elin Steinwall
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE40530, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Angela Wulff
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE40530, Göteborg, Sweden
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Ampicillin used in aseptic processing influences the production of pigments and fatty acids in Chlorella sorokiniana. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:3. [PMID: 33392872 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ampicillin sodium salt (AMP) is commonly and effectively used to prevent bacterial infection in algal culture, but the response of algal strains to AMP has not been investigated. In this study, Chlorella sorokiniana was selected to evaluate the influence of AMP on algae. AMP enhanced the contents of chlorophyll and two fatty acids, myristic acid (C22:1N9) and tetracosanoic acid (C6:0), but inhibited the growth, carotenoid production, and contents of 16 fatty acids in C. sorokiniana. A global transcriptome analysis from experimental data identified 3 825 upregulated and 1 432 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in C. sorokiniana. The upregulated DEGs, such as hemB/alaD, mmaB/pduO, cox15/ctaA, fxN, cpoX/hemF, and earS/gltX, were enriched in the porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism pathways, whereas the downregulated DEGs, including lcyB (crtL1), crtY (lcyE, crtL2), lut1 (CYP97C1), z-isO, crtZ and crtisO (crtH), were enriched in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, and the downregulated DEGs, abH, fadD, fabF, acsL, fabG, and accD were enriched in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. Thus, the use of AMP to obtain an axenic strain revealed that AMP might affect the regulatory dynamics and the results of the metabolic process in C. sorokiniana. The data obtained in the study provide foundational information for algal purification and aseptic processing.
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