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Mwale S, Northcott A, Lambert I, Featherstone K. 'Becoming restrained': Conceptualising restrictive practices in the care of people living with dementia in acute hospital settings. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2024. [PMID: 38965749 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The use of restrictive practices within health and social care has attracted policy and practice attention, predominantly focusing on children and young people with mental health conditions, learning disabilities and autism. However, despite growing appreciation of the need to improve care quality for people living with dementia (PLWD), the potentially routine use of restrictive practices in their care has received little attention. PLWD are at significant risk of experiencing restrictive practices during unscheduled acute hospital admissions. In everyday routine hospital care of PLWD, concerns about subtle and less visible forms of restrictive practices and their impacts remain. This article draws on Deleuze's concepts of 'assemblage' and 'event' to conceptualise restrictive practices as institutional, interconnection social and political attitudes and organisational cultural practices. We argue that this approach illuminates the diverse ways restrictive practices are used, legitimatised and perpetuated in the care of PLWD. We examine restrictive practices in acute care contexts, understanding their use requires examining the wider socio-political, organisational cultures and professional practice contexts in which clinical practices occurs. Whereas 'events' and 'assemblages' have predominantly been used to examine embodied entanglements in diverse health contexts, examining restrictive practices as a structural assemblage extends the application of this theoretical framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadreck Mwale
- Geller Institute of Ageing and Memory, University of West London, Ealing, UK
| | - Andy Northcott
- Geller Institute of Ageing and Memory, University of West London, Ealing, UK
| | - Imogen Lambert
- The Rights Lab, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Katie Featherstone
- Geller Institute of Ageing and Memory, University of West London, Ealing, UK
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Hevink M, Linden I, de Vugt M, Brodaty H, Low LF, Phillipson L, Jeon YH, Gresham M, Doucet S, Luke A, Vedel I, McAiney C, Szcześniak D, Błaszkiewicz M, Rymaszewska J, Verhey F, Wolfs C. Moving forward with dementia: an explorative cross-country qualitative study into post-diagnostic experiences. Aging Ment Health 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38656033 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2342968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This explorative cross-country qualitative study aims to describe experiences of receiving a dementia diagnosis and experiences of support following a diagnosis in Australia, Canada, the Netherlands and Poland. METHOD Qualitative study using projective techniques during online focus groups, online and telephone interviews with people with dementia and caregivers. RESULTS Twenty-three people with dementia and 53 caregivers participated. Qualitative content analysis revealed five themes; (1) 'Coming to terms with dementia' helped people deal with complex emotions to move forward. (3) 'The social network as a source of support' and (4) 'The challenges and realities of formal support' and impacted 'Coming to terms with dementia'. (2) 'Navigating life with dementia as a caregiver' highlights caregiver burden and was impacted by (4) 'The challenges and realities of formal support'. People were (5) 'Self-caring and preparing for tomorrow' as they focused on maintaining current health whilst planning the future. Despite differences in healthcare and post-diagnostic support systems, there were more similarities across countries than differences. CONCLUSION Across countries, formal support and support from friends and family are crucial for people with dementia and caregivers to come to terms with dementia and maintain carer wellbeing to ultimately live well with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Hevink
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Linden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein de Vugt
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lee-Fay Low
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lyn Phillipson
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Yun-Hee Jeon
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Meredith Gresham
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shelly Doucet
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, The Centre for Research in Integrated Care, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, Canada
| | - Alison Luke
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, The Centre for Research in Integrated Care, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, Canada
| | - Isabelle Vedel
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Carrie McAiney
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo and Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Dorota Szcześniak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | | | - Frans Verhey
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Claire Wolfs
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Shatnawi E, Steiner-Lim GZ, Karamacoska D. Cultural inclusivity and diversity in dementia friendly communities: An integrative review. DEMENTIA 2023; 22:2024-2046. [PMID: 37871120 PMCID: PMC10644696 DOI: 10.1177/14713012231206292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
People with dementia from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds often face poor health and social outcomes such as stigma, depression, and reduced help seeking behaviours. Dementia friendly communities have been shown to reduce stigma, and the gap in health and social outcomes for people impacted by dementia. Despite the large presence of established dementia friendly communities, their functioning in multicultural communities remains underexplored. The aim of this review was to identify the barriers and facilitators of cultural inclusivity to inform the development of a multicultural dementia friendly community. We systematically searched for academic and grey literature regarding existing and prospective age or dementia-friendly communities that engaged with culturally and linguistically diverse communities. Using the matrix method, data on the barriers and facilitators to engagement were extracted. Papers were analysed for common themes and findings were integrated in a narrative format. A total of 3,164 papers were identified, 11 of which met inclusion criteria. There were 6 dementia friendly communities in North America, 3 in Europe, 1 in Australia and 1 in Asia. Analyses revealed that barriers to cultural inclusivity were centered around the accessibility of services, sociocultural factors, and the environment, including issues such as low awareness of dementia and stigma, language barriers, isolation, and the inaccessibility of transport and buildings. Leveraging existing cultural leaders and social structures to target culturally and linguistically diverse populations and develop tailored dementia friendly initiatives were key facilitators. To foster cultural inclusivity in dementia friendly communities, a culturally specific lens that addresses these barriers and utilises facilitators must be applied from the design stage through to implementation and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Shatnawi
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Genevieve Z Steiner-Lim
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Diana Karamacoska
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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Spencer L. Epistemic Injustice in Late-Stage Dementia: A Case for Non-Verbal Testimonial Injustice. SOCIAL EPISTEMOLOGY 2022; 37:62-79. [PMID: 36816431 PMCID: PMC9928428 DOI: 10.1080/02691728.2022.2103474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The literature on epistemic injustice has thus far confined the concept of testimonial injustice to speech expressions such as inquiring, discussing, deliberating, and, above all, telling. I propose that it is time to broaden the horizons of testimonial injustice to include a wider range of expressions. Controversially, the form of communication I have in mind is non-verbal expression. Non-verbal expression is a vital, though often overlooked, form of communication, particularly for people who have certain neurocognitive disorders. Dependency upon non-verbal expression is a common feature of some forms of neurocognitive disorders such as 'intellectual disabilities', autism and late-stage dementia. According to the narrow definition of testimonial injustice currently championed in the literature, people who express non-verbally are exempt from testimonial injustice. However, when we consider cases where meaningful communications from non-verbal people are dismissed or ignored in virtue of identity prejudice, there seems to be a distinct testimonial harm at play. Using late-stage dementia as a case study, I argue that the definition of testimonial injustice should be expanded to include all communicative practices, whether verbal or non-verbal, to encompass the epistemic harms inflicted upon some of the most marginalised in our society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucienne Spencer
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Senczyszyn A, Wallner R, Szczesniak DM, Łuc M, Rymaszewska J. The Effectiveness of Computerized Cognitive Training Combined With Whole Body Cryotherapy in Improving Cognitive Functions in Older Adults. A Case Control Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:649066. [PMID: 34248698 PMCID: PMC8267365 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.649066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) are common in elderly population, and constitute a high-risk group for progression to dementia. Innovative, complex, and engaging non-pharmacological methods of cognitive stimulation, implementable at this stage, are needed. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Computerized Cognitive Training (CCT) combined with Whole Body Stimulation (WBC) on cognitive functions of older adults with SCD and MCI. Methods: A 9-week single-blind pre/post case control trial was conducted. The study enrolled 84 adults aged 60 or older, allocated to one of two intervention groups: EG; CCT with psychoeducation, EG2; CCT with psychoeducation and 10 WBC sessions, or the control group (CG), which comprised patients receiving usual care. The primary outcome measures were cognitive functions evaluated with MoCA scale and several other neuropsychological tools. Depressive symptoms assessed with the GDS scale constituted the secondary outcome measures. Results: The results show evidence for increased performance in the assessment of general cognitive functioning in both EGs (p ≤ 0.05). Significant improvement was also visible in several cognitive domains, such as verbal fluency (EG1 & EG2), learning ability and immediate memory (EG1 & EG2), delayed memory (EG2), attentional control (EG1), and information processing (EG2) (p ≤ 0.05). However, only in the group with combined interventions (CCT + WBC) the participants presented significantly less depressive symptoms (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: The results of the study suggest that CCT, especially in combination with WBC, might be a practical and effective method of improving cognitive performance. Moreover, this combination leads to a reduction of depressive symptoms.
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Norval RS, Henderson F, Whittam G. Playing the long game: Exploring the phenomenon of dementia-friendly golf. DEMENTIA 2021; 20:2867-2875. [PMID: 33990143 PMCID: PMC8671651 DOI: 10.1177/14713012211019498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
As individuals age, participation in previously accessible leisure activities can be compromised through diminished capabilities and negative societal expectations. This study investigates the unexplored accessibility of golf for older people with dementia using interviews and observations of Scottish participants in social enterprise–led golfing activities. The resulting thematic analysis concluded that golf is an accessible activity for people living with dementia, and continued participation generates social connectedness and enhances well-being. However, there remain social barriers to participation including societal stigma surrounding the perceived abilities of people living with dementia and the perception of golf as a middle-class and male-dominated sport.
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Lion KM, Szcześniak D, Bulińska K, Mazurek J, Evans SB, Evans SC, Saibene FL, d'Arma A, Scorolli C, Farina E, Brooker D, Chattat R, Meiland FJM, Dröes RM, Rymaszewska J. Does the Meeting Centre Support Programme decrease the experience of stigmatisation among people with cognitive deficits? Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:160-169. [PMID: 31694389 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1683815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This is the first study to focus on the role and impact of a psychosocial intervention, the Meeting Centre Support Programme (MCSP), for people living with dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) on the experience of stigmatisation across three different European countries. METHOD A pre/post-test control group study design compared outcomes for 114 people with dementia (n=74) and MCI (n=40) in Italy, Poland and the UK who received either the MCSP or usual care (UC). The 'Stigma Impact Scale, neurological disease' (SIS) was administered at two points in time, 6 months apart. The Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) was used to assess the level of cognitive impairment. RESULTS Although statistical analysis did not show any significant differences between MCSP and UC at pre/post-test for the 3 countries combined, there were significant results for individual countries. In Italy, the level of SIS was significantly lower (p=0.02) in the MCSP group following the intervention. The level of Social Isolation increased significantly (p=0.05) in the UC group at follow-up in Poland. The level of Social Rejection was significantly higher (p=0.03) over time for UK participants receiving MCSP compared to UC. CONCLUSION The experience of stigma by people living with dementia and MCI is complex and there may be different country specific contexts and mechanisms. The results do not enable us to confirm or disconfirm the impact of a social support programme, such as MCSP, on this experience. Difficulties in directly measuring the level of stigma in this group also requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorota Szcześniak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bulińska
- Department of Rehabilitation in Internal Diseases, Wroclaw University School of Physical Education, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Mazurek
- Department and Division of Medical Rehabilitation, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Shirley B Evans
- Association for Dementia Studies, University of Worcester, Henwick Grove, Worcester, UK
| | - Simon C Evans
- Association for Dementia Studies, University of Worcester, Henwick Grove, Worcester, UK
| | | | | | - Claudia Scorolli
- Department of Philosophy and Communication Studies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Dawn Brooker
- Association for Dementia Studies, University of Worcester, Henwick Grove, Worcester, UK
| | - Rabih Chattat
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Franka J M Meiland
- Deptartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VU University medical center, GGZ inGeest, Department of Research and Innovation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rose-Marie Dröes
- Deptartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VU University medical center, GGZ inGeest, Department of Research and Innovation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Lion KM, Szcześniak D, Bulińska K, Evans SB, Evans SC, Saibene FL, d'Arma A, Farina E, Brooker DJ, Chattat R, Meiland FJM, Dröes RM, Rymaszewska J. Do people with dementia and mild cognitive impairments experience stigma? A cross-cultural investigation between Italy, Poland and the UK. Aging Ment Health 2020; 24:947-955. [PMID: 30789028 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1577799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Until now little research has been done to answer the question of whether people with dementia experience stigma. No previous studies investigated possible differences between countries and cultures. Therefore, the aims of this study were to compare the experience of stigma (with social isolation, social rejection and internalised shame as components) among people with dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n = 180) in Italy (n = 79), Poland (n = 47) and the United Kingdom (UK) (n = 54); and to investigate possible relationships with demographical and clinical outcomes.Methods: A one group multinational cross-sectional design was used. Stigma was measured with the Stigma Impact Scale (SIS), quality of life aspects with Dementia Quality of Life scale (DQOL) and Quality of Life Alzheimer's Disease scale (QOL-AD), social support with Duke Social Support Index (DSSI), cognitive functioning with Global Deterioration Scale (GDS).Results: The level of stigmatisation (SIS) among study participants varied from 2 to 65 (median = 33.5; Q1 = 27; Q3 = 41). People with dementia in the UK experienced a higher level of stigmatisation than people in Italy and Poland. The experienced stigmatisation negatively correlated with social support (DSSI; rho = -0.42, p = 0.000) and quality of life (QOL-AD; rho = -0.39, p = 0.000). People who experienced a higher level of stigmatisation scored higher in negative mood DQOL subscale (rho = 0.28, p = 0.0002).Conclusion: There is a strong need for research into the individual experience of people with dementia across the world. This could help in providing support and care services that match their experience, needs, preferences; and in designing well informed awareness campaigns based on their voice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorota Szcześniak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bulińska
- Department of Rehabilitation in Internal Diseases, Wroclaw University School of Physical Education, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Simon C Evans
- Association for Dementia Studies, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
| | | | | | | | - Dawn June Brooker
- Association for Dementia Studies, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
| | - Rabih Chattat
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Franka J M Meiland
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center & Department of Research and Innovation, GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rose-Marie Dröes
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center & Department of Research and Innovation, GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Cipriani G, Danti S, Carlesi C, Di Fiorino M. Aging With Down Syndrome: The Dual Diagnosis: Alzheimer's Disease and Down Syndrome. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2018; 33:253-262. [PMID: 29504408 PMCID: PMC10852513 DOI: 10.1177/1533317518761093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with Down syndrome (DS) enjoy a longer life expectancy now than they ever have before and are therefore at greater risk of developing conditions associated with aging, including dementia. OBJECTIVES To explore the phenomenon of dementia in DS. METHODS Medline and Google Scholar searches were conducted for relevant articles, chapters, and books published until 2017. Search terms included Alzheimer's disease, cognitive impairment, dementia, DS, and trisomy 21. Publications found through this indexed search were reviewed for further references. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Virtually, all subject aged 35 to 40 show key neuropathologic changes characteristic of Alzheimer's disease, but only a part of them show clinical signs of dementia, usually around the age of 50 years. Early signs of dementia in people with DS may be different from those experienced by the general population. Failure to recognize this can delay diagnosis and subsequent interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Cipriani
- Neurology Unit, Hospital of Versilia, Lido di Camaiore, Lucca (LU), Italy
- Psychiatry Unit, Hospital of Versilia, Lido di Camaiore, Lucca (Lu), Italy
| | - Sabrina Danti
- Clinical and Health Psychology Unit, Hospital of Pontedera, Pontedera (PI), Italy
| | - Cecilia Carlesi
- Neurology Unit, Hospital of Versilia, Lido di Camaiore, Lucca (LU), Italy
| | - Mario Di Fiorino
- Psychiatry Unit, Hospital of Versilia, Lido di Camaiore, Lucca (Lu), Italy
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Dröes RM, Chattat R, Diaz A, Gove D, Graff M, Murphy K, Verbeek H, Vernooij-Dassen M, Clare L, Johannessen A, Roes M, Verhey F, Charras K. Social health and dementia: a European consensus on the operationalization of the concept and directions for research and practice. Aging Ment Health 2017; 21:4-17. [PMID: 27869503 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2016.1254596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because the pattern of illnesses changes in an aging population and many people manage to live well with chronic diseases, a group of health care professionals recently proposed reformulating the static WHO definition of health towards a dynamic one based on the ability to physically, mentally and socially adapt and self-manage. This paper is the result of a collaborative action of the INTERDEM Social Health Taskforce to operationalize this new health concept for people with dementia, more specifically the social domain, and to formulate directions for research and practice to promote social health in dementia. METHOD Based on the expertise of the Social Health Taskforce members (N = 54) three groups were formed that worked on operationalizing the three social health dimensions described by Huber et al.: (1) capacity to fulfil potential and obligations; (2) ability to manage life with some degree of independence; (3) participation in social activities. For each dimension also influencing factors, effective interventions and knowledge gaps were inventoried. After a consensus meeting, the operationalizations of the dimensions were reviewed by the European Working Group of People with Dementia (EWGPWD). RESULTS The social health dimensions could be well operationalized for people with dementia and are assessed as very relevant according to the Social Health Taskforce and EWGPWD. Personal (e.g. sense of coherence, competencies), disease-related (e.g. severity of cognitive impairments, comorbidity), social (support from network, stigma) and environmental factors (e.g. enabling design, accessibility) that can influence the person with dementia's social health and many interventions promoting social health were identified. CONCLUSION A consensus-based operationalization of social health in dementia is proposed, and factors that can influence, and interventions that improve, social health in dementia identified. Recommendations are made for research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Dröes
- a Department of Psychiatry, Alzheimer Centre , EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - R Chattat
- b Department of Psychology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - A Diaz
- c Alzheimer Europe , Luxembourg , Luxembourg
| | - D Gove
- c Alzheimer Europe , Luxembourg , Luxembourg
| | - M Graff
- d Radboud University Medical Centre, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Scientific Institute for Quality of Healthcare, Radboud Alzheimer Centre , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - K Murphy
- e School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aras Loyola, National University of Irelands , Galway , Ireland
| | - H Verbeek
- f Research School CAPHRI, Department of Health Services Research , Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - M Vernooij-Dassen
- d Radboud University Medical Centre, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Scientific Institute for Quality of Healthcare, Radboud Alzheimer Centre , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - L Clare
- g Centre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health (REACH) , School of Psychology, University of Exeter, and PenCLAHRC, University of Exeter Medical School , Exeter , United Kingdom
| | - A Johannessen
- h Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health , VID Specialized University , Oslo , Norway
| | - M Roes
- i German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health , University of Witten/Herdecke , Witten , Germany
| | - F Verhey
- j Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology , Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - K Charras
- k Fondation Médéric Alzheimer , Psychosocial Interventions Department , Paris , France
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