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Chaudhary N, Newby AN, Arral ML, Yerneni SS, LoPresti ST, Doerfler R, Petersen DMS, Montoya C, Kim JS, Fox B, Coon T, Malaney A, Sadovsky Y, Whitehead KA. Lipid nanoparticle structure and delivery route during pregnancy dictate mRNA potency, immunogenicity, and maternal and fetal outcomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2307810121. [PMID: 38437545 PMCID: PMC10945816 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307810121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Treating pregnancy-related disorders is exceptionally challenging because the threat of maternal and/or fetal toxicity discourages the use of existing medications and hinders new drug development. One potential solution is the use of lipid nanoparticle (LNP) RNA therapies, given their proven efficacy, tolerability, and lack of fetal accumulation. Here, we describe LNPs for efficacious mRNA delivery to maternal organs in pregnant mice via several routes of administration. In the placenta, our lead LNP transfected trophoblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells, with efficacy being structurally dependent on the ionizable lipid polyamine headgroup. Next, we show that LNP-induced maternal inflammatory responses affect mRNA expression in the maternal compartment and hinder neonatal development. Specifically, pro-inflammatory LNP structures and routes of administration curtailed efficacy in maternal lymphoid organs in an IL-1β-dependent manner. Further, immunogenic LNPs provoked the infiltration of adaptive immune cells into the placenta and restricted pup growth after birth. Together, our results provide mechanism-based structural guidance on the design of potent LNPs for safe use during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namit Chaudhary
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | - Alexandra N. Newby
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | - Mariah L. Arral
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | | | - Samuel T. LoPresti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | - Rose Doerfler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | | | - Catalina Montoya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | - Julie S. Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | - Bethany Fox
- Mellon Institute Centralized Vivarium, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | - Tiffany Coon
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | - Angela Malaney
- Mellon Institute Centralized Vivarium, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | - Yoel Sadovsky
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | - Kathryn A. Whitehead
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA15213
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA15213
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Placental sex-dependent spermine synthesis regulates trophoblast gene expression through acetyl-coA metabolism and histone acetylation. Commun Biol 2022; 5:586. [PMID: 35705689 PMCID: PMC9200719 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental function and dysfunction differ by sex but the mechanisms are unknown. Here we show that sex differences in polyamine metabolism are associated with escape from X chromosome inactivation of the gene encoding spermine synthase (SMS). Female placental trophoblasts demonstrate biallelic SMS expression, associated with increased SMS mRNA and enzyme activity. Polyamine depletion in primary trophoblasts reduced glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation resulting in decreased acetyl-coA availability and global histone hypoacetylation in a sex-dependent manner. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation sequencing and RNA-sequencing identifies progesterone biosynthesis as a target of polyamine regulated gene expression, and polyamine depletion reduced progesterone release in male trophoblasts. The effects of polyamine depletion can be attributed to spermine as SMS-silencing recapitulated the effects on energy metabolism, histone acetylation, and progesterone release. In summary, spermine metabolism alters trophoblast gene expression through acetyl-coA biosynthesis and histone acetylation, and SMS escape from X inactivation explains some features of human placental sex differences.
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Ma C, Azad MAK, Tang W, Zhu Q, Wang W, Gao Q, Kong X. Maternal probiotics supplementation improves immune and antioxidant function in suckling piglets via modifying gut microbiota. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:515-528. [PMID: 35396768 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Probiotics could improve the health, growth and development of host or their fetuses/offspring via regulating gut microbiota. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of maternal probiotics supplementation on gut microbiota and metabolites of sows and their suckling piglets, as well as plasma biochemical parameters, oxidative/anti-oxidative indexes, and inflammatory cytokine levels of suckling piglets. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 32 pregnant Bama mini-pigs were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The sows were fed a basal diet (control group) or a basal diet supplemented with probiotics (probiotics group) from mating to day 21 of lactation. Samples from sows were collected on day 105 of pregnancy and day 21 of lactation and from piglets on day 21 of lactation. The results showed that probiotics supplementation increased the fecal abundances of Ruminococcus, Bacteroides, and Anaeroplasma and decreased Tenericutes on day 105 of pregnancy, while increased the abundances of Actinobacteria and Anaerostipes and decreased Proteobacteria and Desulfovibrio on day 21 of lactation. In addition, probiotics supplementation decreased the fecal levels of tryptamine, putrescine, and cadaverine on day 105 of pregnancy and isovalerate and skatole on day 21 of lactation, while increased butyrate level on day 21 of lactation. Further studies showed that maternal probiotics supplementation decreased the plasma levels of AMM, TC, LDL-C, Ala, Tau, MDA, H2 O2 , IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-α of suckling piglets. Moreover, maternal probiotics supplementation increased the abundances of Deferribacteres, Fusobacteria, and Fusobacterium, while decreased Anaerostipes in piglet's colon. The Spearman's correlation analysis revealed a potential link between gut microbiota alterations and their metabolites. CONCLUSIONS Dietary probiotics supplementation during pregnancy and lactation periods could improve sow status, alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation response, and improve nutrient metabolism of piglets by altering the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Ma
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Md Abul Kalam Azad
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wu Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- The Institute of Cell Transplantion and Gene Therapy, Centra-South University, the Engineering Center for Xenotransplantation, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiankun Gao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Tamba RP, Moenadjat Y. Oral Spermine Supplementation in Gestated Rabbit: A Study on Villi Height of Immature Intestines. Front Surg 2021; 8:721560. [PMID: 34568418 PMCID: PMC8459681 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.721560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Immature intestines are the major problem in prematurity. Postnatal oral spermine has been shown in studies to improve intestinal maturation in rats and piglets. This study aimed to find out the efficacy of spermine in rabbits during gestation. Method: An experimental study was done in an unblinded, randomized manner on those treated with and without spermine administration. A morphological examination of hematoxylin-eosin-stained villi was performed under a light microscope with a focus on villi height. Data were subjected to analysis. Results: The median of the spermine-treated group was found to be higher at 24, 26, and 28 days than the non-spermine group, but was not significantly different. Conclusion: Oral spermine supplementation during gestation might improve intestinal villi height in immature rabbit intestines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riana Pauline Tamba
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Moya-García AA, Pino-Ángeles A, Sánchez-Jiménez F, Urdiales JL, Medina MÁ. Histamine, Metabolic Remodelling and Angiogenesis: A Systems Level Approach. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030415. [PMID: 33799732 PMCID: PMC8000605 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine is a highly pleiotropic biogenic amine involved in key physiological processes including neurotransmission, immune response, nutrition, and cell growth and differentiation. Its effects, sometimes contradictory, are mediated by at least four different G-protein coupled receptors, which expression and signalling pathways are tissue-specific. Histamine metabolism conforms a very complex network that connect many metabolic processes important for homeostasis, including nitrogen and energy metabolism. This review brings together and analyses the current information on the relationships of the "histamine system" with other important metabolic modules in human physiology, aiming to bridge current information gaps. In this regard, the molecular characterization of the role of histamine in the modulation of angiogenesis-mediated processes, such as cancer, makes a promising research field for future biomedical advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio A. Moya-García
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (A.A.M.-G.); (M.Á.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Almudena Pino-Ángeles
- Unidad de Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisca Sánchez-Jiménez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - José Luis Urdiales
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (A.A.M.-G.); (M.Á.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-9521-37285
| | - Miguel Ángel Medina
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (A.A.M.-G.); (M.Á.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
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Dietary synbiotic alters plasma biochemical parameters and fecal microbiota and metabolites in sows. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Fernandes JRD, Jain S, Banerjee A. Expression of ODC1, SPD, SPM and AZIN1 in the hypothalamus, ovary and uterus during rat estrous cycle. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 246:9-22. [PMID: 28315656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate variation in the expression pattern of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC1), spermine (SPM), spermidine (SPD) and antizyme inhibitor (AZIN1) in hypothalamus, ovary and uterus during the estrous cycle of rats. Further, to understand any correlation between polyamines and GnRH I expression in hypothalamus; effect of putrescine treatment on GnRH I expression in hypothalamus and progesterone and estradiol levels in serum were investigated. The study also aims in quantifying all the immunohistochemistry images obtained based on pixel counting algorithm to yield the relative pixel count. This algorithm uses a red green blue (RGB) colour thresholding approach to quantify the intensity of the chromogen present. The result of the present study demonstrates almost similar expression pattern of polyamine and polyamine related factors, ODC1, SPD, SPM and AZIN1, with that of hypothalamic GnRH I, all of which mainly localized in the medial preoptic area (MPA) of the hypothalamus, during the proestrus, estrus and diestrus. This suggest that hypothalamic GnRH I expression is under regulation of polyamines. The study showed significant increase in hypothalamic GnRH I expression for both the doses of putrescine treatment to adult female rats. Further, it was shown that in ovary expression pattern of ODC1, SPM, SPD and AZIN1 were similar with that of steroidogenic factor, StAR during the estrous cycle, and putrescine supplementation increased significantly estradiol and progesterone levels in serum, all suggesting ovarian polyamines are involved in regulation of ovarian steroidogenesis. Localization of these factors in the theca and granulosa cells suggest involvement of polyamines in the process of folliculogenesis and luteinization; and ODC1, SPD, SPM and AZIN1 in oocyte further suggests polyamine role in maintenance of oocyte physiology. Finally, in uterus SPM and AZIN1 were localized throughout the estrous cycle, being comparatively more during the metestrus phase. There was intense immunostaining of SPD in the luminal and glandular epithelium during the metestrus and diestrus phases of the estrous cycle suggesting these all the three polyamines as such play important role in regulation of uterine physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R D Fernandes
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, Goa 403726, India
| | - Sammit Jain
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, Goa 403726, India
| | - Arnab Banerjee
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, Goa 403726, India.
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Frankenberg SR, de Barros FR, Rossant J, Renfree MB. The mammalian blastocyst. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2016; 5:210-32. [DOI: 10.1002/wdev.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Flavia R.O. de Barros
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology; Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics; University of Toronto; Toronto Canada
| | - Janet Rossant
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology; Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics; University of Toronto; Toronto Canada
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Haghighi Poodeh S, Alhonen L, Salonurmi T, Savolainen MJ. Ethanol-induced impairment of polyamine homeostasis--a potential cause of neural tube defect and intrauterine growth restriction in fetal alcohol syndrome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:173-8. [PMID: 24582559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polyamines play a fundamental role during embryogenesis by regulating cell growth and proliferation and by interacting with RNA, DNA and protein. The polyamine pools are regulated by metabolism and uptake from exogenous sources. The use of certain inhibitors of polyamine synthesis causes similar defects to those seen in alcohol exposure e.g. retarded embryo growth and endothelial cell sprouting. METHODS CD-1 mice received two intraperitoneal injections of 3 g/kg ethanol at 4 h intervals 8.75 days post coitum (dpc). The fetal head, trunk, yolk sac and placenta were collected at 9.5 and 12.5 dpc and polyamine concentrations were determined. RESULTS No measurable quantity of polyamines could be detected in the embryo head at 9.5 dpc, 12 h after ethanol exposure. Putrescine was not detectable in the trunk of the embryo at that time, whereas polyamines in yolk sac and placenta were at control level. Polyamine deficiency was associated with slow cell growth, reduction in endothelial cell sprouting, an altered pattern of blood vessel network formation and consequently retarded migration of neural crest cells and growth restriction. DISCUSSION Our results indicate that the polyamine pools in embryonic and extraembryonic tissues are developmentally regulated. Alcohol administration, at the critical stage, perturbs polyamine levels with various patterns, depending on the tissue and its developmental stage. The total absence of polyamines in the embryo head at 9.5 dpc may explain why this stage is so vulnerable to the development of neural tube defect, and growth restriction, the findings previously observed in fetal alcohol syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Haghighi Poodeh
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Leena Alhonen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Kuopio, Finland; School of Pharmacy, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuire Salonurmi
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Abstract
The polyamines are ubiquitous polycationic compounds. Over the past 40 yr, investigation has shown that some of these, namely spermine, spermidine, and putrescine, are essential to male and female reproductive processes and to embryo/fetal development. Indeed, their absence is characterized by infertility and arrest in embryogenesis. Mammals synthesize polyamines de novo from amino acids or import these compounds from the diet. Information collected recently has shown that polyamines are essential regulators of cell growth and gene expression, and they have been implicated in both mitosis and meiosis. In male reproduction, polyamine expression correlates with stages of spermatogenesis, and polyamines appear to function in promoting sperm motility. There is evidence for polyamine involvement in ovarian follicle development and ovulation in female mammals, and polyamine synthesis is required for steroidogenesis in the ovary. Studies of the embryo indicate a polyamine requirement that can be met from maternal sources before implantation, whereas elimination of polyamine synthesis abrogates embryo development at gastrulation. Polyamines play roles in embryo implantation, in decidualization, and in placental formation and function, and polyamine privation during gestation results in intrauterine growth retardation. Emerging information implicates dietary arginine and dietary polyamines as nutritional regulators of fertility. The mechanisms by which polyamines regulate these multiple and diverse processes are not yet well explored; thus, there is fertile ground for further productive investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavine L C Lefèvre
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction Animale, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada QC J2S 2M2
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Min JZ, Yano H, Matsumoto A, Yu HF, Shi Q, Higashi T, Inagaki S, Toyo'oka T. Simultaneous determination of polyamines in human nail as 4-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole derivatives by nano-flow chip LC coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:98-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Smits K, Goossens K, Van Soom A, Govaere J, Hoogewijs M, Peelman LJ. In vivo-derived horse blastocysts show transcriptional upregulation of developmentally important genes compared with in vitro-produced horse blastocysts. Reprod Fertil Dev 2011; 23:364-75. [DOI: 10.1071/rd10124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro-produced (IVP) equine blastocysts can give rise to successful pregnancies, but their morphology and developmental rate differ from those of in vivo-derived equine blastocysts. The aim of the present study was to evaluate this difference at the genetic level. Suppression subtractive hybridisation (SSH) was used to construct a cDNA library enriched for transcripts preferentially expressed in in vivo-derived equine blastocysts compared with IVP blastocysts. Of the 62 different genes identified in this way, six genes involved in embryonic development (BEX2, FABP3, HSP90AA1, MOBKL3, MCM7 and ODC) were selected to confirm this differential expression by reverse transcription–quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Using RT-qPCR, five genes were confirmed to be significantly upregulated in in vivo-derived blastocysts (i.e. FABP3, HSP90AA1 (both P < 0.05), ODC, MOBKL3 and BEX2 (P < 0.005 for all three)), confirming the results of the SSH. There was no significant difference in MCM7 expression between IVP and in vivo-derived blastocysts. In conclusion, five genes that are transcriptionally upregulated in in vivo-derived equine blastocysts compared with IVP blastocysts have been identified. Because of their possible importance in embryonic development, the expression of these genes can be used as a marker to evaluate in vitro embryo production systems in the horse.
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