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Liu XY, Xie W, Zhou HY, Zhang HQ, Jin YS. A comprehensive overview on antiviral effects of baicalein and its glucuronide derivative baicalin. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024:S2095-4964(24)00390-X. [PMID: 39368944 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2024.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
Natural product-based antiviral candidates have received significant attention. However, there is a lack of sufficient research in the field of antivirals to effectively combat patterns of drug resistance. Baicalein and its glucuronide derivative baicalin are two main components extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. They have proven to be effective against a broad range of viruses by directly killing virus particles, protecting infected cells, and targeting viral antigens on their surface, among other mechanisms. As natural products, they both possess the advantage of lower toxicity, enhanced therapeutic efficacy, and even antagonistic effects against drug-resistant viral strains. Baicalein and baicalin exhibit promising potential as potent pharmacophore scaffolds, demonstrating their antiviral properties. However, to date, no review on the antiviral effects of baicalein and baicalin has been published. This review summarizes the recent research progress on antiviral effects of baicalein and baicalin against various types of viruses both in vitro and in vivo with a focus on the dosages and underlying mechanisms. The aim is to provide a basis for the rational development and utilization of baicalein and baicalin, as well as to promote antiviral drug research. Please cite this article as: Liu XY, Xie W, Zhou HY, Zhang HQ, Jin YS. A comprehensive overview on antiviral effects of baicalein and its glucuronide derivative baicalin. J Integr Med. 2024; Epub ahead of print.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yang Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - He-Yang Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hui-Qing Zhang
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yong-Sheng Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Kagan KO, Hoopmann M, Geipel A, Sonek J, Enders M. Prenatal parvovirus B19 infection. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024:10.1007/s00404-024-07644-6. [PMID: 39073431 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-024-07644-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Parvovirus B19 (B19V) causes erythema infectiosum, a.k.a., fifth disease. This disease primarily affects children. It is generally self-limiting and subsides after 1-2 weeks. In pregnancy, the virus can cross the placenta and result in a fetal infection. This may lead to severe fetal anemia, hydrops fetalis, a miscarriage, or intrauterine fetal death. The risk of long-term sequelae also appears to be increased. About one-third of pregnant women are not immune to B19V and, therefore, are at risk to contract a primary infection. The seroconversion rate during pregnancy is generally around 1-2%. During a primary infection, maternal-fetal transplacental transmission of B19V occurs in about 30-50% of the cases and the risk of fetal infection increases with advancing gestational age. The risk of severe fetal anemia or hydrops is around 3-4% overall and is around 6-7% if the primary infection occurs before 20 weeks' gestation. Fetal monitoring in women with a primary B19V infection includes regular ultrasound examinations looking for evidence of hydrops fetalis and Doppler measurements of the middle cerebral artery peak velocity. Fetal blood sampling is performed if a significant anemia is suspected and, if such is found, an intrauterine blood transfusion is needed. This article provides an overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and management of B19V infection during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Oliver Kagan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Markus Hoopmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Annegret Geipel
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jiri Sonek
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, USA
| | - Martin Enders
- Laboratory Prof. Gisela Enders and Colleagues, Stuttgart, Germany, & German Consulting Laboratory for Parvoviruses, Stuttgart, Germany
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Gourin C, Alain S, Hantz S. Anti-CMV therapy, what next? A systematic review. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1321116. [PMID: 38053548 PMCID: PMC10694278 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1321116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is one of the main causes of serious complications in immunocompromised patients and after congenital infection. There are currently drugs available to treat HCMV infection, targeting viral polymerase, whose use is complicated by toxicity and the emergence of resistance. Maribavir and letermovir are the latest antivirals to have been developed with other targets. The approval of letermovir represents an important innovation for CMV prevention in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, whereas maribavir allowed improving the management of refractory or resistant infections in transplant recipients. However, in case of multidrug resistance or for the prevention and treatment of congenital CMV infection, finding new antivirals or molecules able to inhibit CMV replication with the lowest toxicity remains a critical need. This review presents a range of molecules known to be effective against HCMV. Molecules with a direct action against HCMV include brincidofovir, cyclopropavir and anti-terminase benzimidazole analogs. Artemisinin derivatives, quercetin and baicalein, and anti-cyclooxygenase-2 are derived from natural molecules and are generally used for different indications. Although they have demonstrated indirect anti-CMV activity, few clinical studies were performed with these compounds. Immunomodulating molecules such as leflunomide and everolimus have also demonstrated indirect antiviral activity against HCMV and could be an interesting complement to antiviral therapy. The efficacy of anti-CMV immunoglobulins are discussed in CMV congenital infection and in association with direct antiviral therapy in heart transplanted patients. All molecules are described, with their mode of action against HCMV, preclinical tests, clinical studies and possible resistance. All these molecules have shown anti-HCMV potential as monotherapy or in combination with others. These new approaches could be interesting to validate in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Gourin
- INSERM, CHU Limoges, University of Limoges, RESINFIT, Limoges, France
| | - Sophie Alain
- INSERM, CHU Limoges, University of Limoges, RESINFIT, Limoges, France
- CHU Limoges, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, National Reference Center for Herpesviruses, Limoges, France
| | - Sébastien Hantz
- INSERM, CHU Limoges, University of Limoges, RESINFIT, Limoges, France
- CHU Limoges, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, National Reference Center for Herpesviruses, Limoges, France
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Coste Mazeau P, Berto L, Andouard D, El Hamel C, Chianea T, Hantz S, Alain S. New therapeutic perspective in the prevention of congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Antiviral Res 2023; 216:105661. [PMID: 37393055 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyperimmune globulin Cytotect CP® is a candidate for cytomegalovirus congenital infection prevention. We previously demonstrated its efficacy to prevent villi infection in our first-trimester placenta explants up to day 7, but with an inefficiency at day 14 (Coste-Mazeau et al., Microorganisms, 2021). As this could impact clinical efficacy, we now study the effect of weekly administration of Cytotect CP® on the prevention of villi infection. METHODS Human embryonic lung fibroblast cells were infected at confluence with the endothelial strain TB40/E. Placentae were collected from voluntary pregnancy terminations (8-14 weeks of gestation) from cytomegalovirus-seronegative women. After 5 days of infection of the cells, villi explants were simultaneously added on sponges with Cytotect CP® at various concentrations. After 7 days, Cytotect CP® was renewed in only half of the plates. Villi were collected at days 7 and 14 with or without medium renewal. We compared the viral load by duplex quantitative PCR cytomegalovirus/albumin and the toxicity by measuring β-hCG concentrations in the supernatants with and without medium renewal. RESULTS We did not find any efficacy of Cytotect CP® at day 14 when Cytotect CP® is not renewed, but a regular decrease of the viral load when the immunoglobulins were renewed at day 7, with an EC50 = 0.52 U/mL. We did not observed toxicity of Cytotect CP® with or without renewal of the molecule. CONCLUSION Cytotect CP® is more effective when renewed at day 7. The prevention of congenital cytomegalovirus infection could be enhanced by reducing the spacing of doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Coste Mazeau
- University of Limoges, Inserm, CHU Limoges, RESINFIT, U 1092, 1 Rue Du Pr Descottes, F-87000, Limoges, France; National Reference Center for Herpesviruses, Virology Department, CHU Limoges, 2 Avenue Martin Luther King, 87000, Limoges, France; Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, CHU Limoges, 87000, Limoges, France.
| | - Laurie Berto
- University of Limoges, Inserm, CHU Limoges, RESINFIT, U 1092, 1 Rue Du Pr Descottes, F-87000, Limoges, France
| | - Déborah Andouard
- National Reference Center for Herpesviruses, Virology Department, CHU Limoges, 2 Avenue Martin Luther King, 87000, Limoges, France
| | - Chahrazed El Hamel
- Mother and Child Biobank (CB-HME), Pediatric Department, Hôpital de la Mère et de l'Enfant, CHU Limoges, 87000, Limoges, France
| | - Thierry Chianea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, CHU Limoges, 87000, Limoges, France
| | - Sébastien Hantz
- University of Limoges, Inserm, CHU Limoges, RESINFIT, U 1092, 1 Rue Du Pr Descottes, F-87000, Limoges, France; National Reference Center for Herpesviruses, Virology Department, CHU Limoges, 2 Avenue Martin Luther King, 87000, Limoges, France
| | - Sophie Alain
- University of Limoges, Inserm, CHU Limoges, RESINFIT, U 1092, 1 Rue Du Pr Descottes, F-87000, Limoges, France; National Reference Center for Herpesviruses, Virology Department, CHU Limoges, 2 Avenue Martin Luther King, 87000, Limoges, France.
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Yuan N, Song Q, Jin Y, Zhang Z, Wu Z, Sheng X, Qi X, Xing K, Xiao L, Wang X. Replication of standard bovine viral diarrhea strain OregonC24Va induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis of bovine trophoblast cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:49-60. [PMID: 36441379 PMCID: PMC9877273 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-022-01300-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is a worldwide infectious disease caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection, which invades the placenta, causes abortion, produces immune tolerance and continuously infects calves, and causes huge economic losses to the cattle industry. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important organelle in cells, which is prone to ER stress after being stimulated by pathogens, thus activating the ER stress-related apoptosis. Studies have confirmed that BVDV can utilize the ER of its host to complete its own proliferation and stimulate ER stress to a certain extent. However, the role of ER stress in BVDV infecting bovine placental trophoblast cells (BTCs) and inducing apoptosis is still unclear. We are using the cytopathic strain of BVDV (OregonC24Va), which can cause apoptosis of BTCs, as a model system to determine how ER stress induced by BVDV affects placental toxicity. We show that OregonC24Va can infect BTCs and proliferate in it. With the proliferation of BVDV in BTCs, ER stress-related apoptosis is triggered. The ER stress inhibitor 4-PBA was used to inhibit the ER stress of BTCs, which not only inhibited the proliferation of BVDV, but also reduced the apoptosis of BTCs. The ER stress activator Tg can activate ER stress-related apoptosis, but the proliferation of BVDV does not change in BTCs. Therefore, BVDV utilizes the UPR of activated ER stress to promote the proliferation of BVDV in the early stage of infection, and activates the ER stress-related apoptosis of BTCs in the later stage with the virus proliferation to promote the cell apoptosis and further spread of the virus. Our research provides a new theoretical basis for exploring the placental infection and vertical transmission of BVDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naihan Yuan
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Quanjiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology On Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang, A&F University, Lin'an District, 666 Wusu StreetZhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zhenhao Zhang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xihui Sheng
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiaolong Qi
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Kai Xing
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Longfei Xiao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Xiangguo Wang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Zhang J, Li Y, Wan J, Zhang M, Li C, Lin J. Artesunate: A review of its therapeutic insights in respiratory diseases. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154259. [PMID: 35849970 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artesunate, as a semi-synthetic artemisinin derivative of sesquiterpene lactone, is widely used in clinical antimalarial treatment due to its endoperoxide group. Recent studies have found that artesunate may have multiple pharmacological effects, indicating its significant therapeutic potential in multiple respiratory diseases. PURPOSE This review aims to summarize proven and potential therapeutic effects of artesunate in common respiratory disorders. STUDY DESIGN This review summarizes the pharmacological properties of artesunate and then interprets the function of artesunate in various respiratory diseases in detail, such as bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung injury, lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, coronavirus disease 2019, etc., on different target cells and receptors according to completed and ongoing in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies (including clinical trials). METHODS Literature was searched in electronic databases, including Pubmed, Web of Science and CNKI with the primary keywords of 'artesunate', 'pharmacology', 'pharmacokinetics', 'respiratory disorders', 'lung', 'pulmonary', and secondary search terms of 'Artemisia annua L.', 'artemisinin', 'asthma', 'chronic obstructive lung disease', 'lung injury', 'lung cancer', 'pulmonary fibrosis', 'COVID-19' and 'virus' in English and Chinese. All experiments were included. Reviews and irrelevant studies to the therapeutic effects of artesunate on respiratory diseases were excluded. Information was sort out according to study design, subject, intervention, and outcome. RESULTS Artesunate is promising to treat multiple common respiratory disorders via various mechanisms, such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, anti-hyperresponsiveness, anti-proliferation, airway remodeling reverse, induction of cell death, cell cycle arrest, etc. CONCLUSION: Artesunate has great potential to treat various respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Zhang
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100-730, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100-029, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100-029, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100-029, China
| | - Jingxuan Wan
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100-730, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100-029, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100-730, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100-029, China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100-029, China; Peking University China‑Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100-029, China
| | - Jiangtao Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100-029, China.
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Coste Mazeau P, Jacquet C, Muller C, Courant M, El Hamel C, Chianea T, Hantz S, Alain S. Potential of Anti-CMV Immunoglobulin Cytotect CP® In Vitro and Ex Vivo in a First-Trimester Placenta Model. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040694. [PMID: 35456746 PMCID: PMC9030298 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Congenital CMV infection is the leading cause of neonatal neurological deficit. We herein studied in vitro and ex vivo the potential of the hyperimmune globulin Cytotect CP® (Biotest, Germany) for congenital infection prevention and treatment. Methods: In vitro neutralization assays were conducted in fibroblasts and retinal epithelial cells on the CMV strains TB40/E and VHL/E to determine the 50% and 90% neutralizing doses (ND50 and ND90). The toxicity was assessed by measuring LDH release. Ex vivo assays were conducted in first-trimester villi explants with the TB40/E strain, namely, neutralization assays, the prevention of villi infection, and the inhibition of viral replication in infected villi. Viability was assessed by β-HCG quantification in supernatants. Results: The in vitro neutralization tests showed that Cytotect CP®® inhibits the development of infection foci (DN50: 0.011–0.014 U/mL for VHL/E and 0.032–0.033 U/mL for TB40E) without any toxicity. In the ex vivo neutralization assays, the DN50 were 0.011 U/mL on day 7 and 0.093 U/mL on day 14. For the prevention of villi infection, the EC50 was 0.024 U/mL on day 7. Cytotect-CP® did not inhibit viral growth in infected villi. No impact on villi viability was observed. Conclusions: These results sustained that Cytotect CP® has the potential to prevent CMV congenital infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Coste Mazeau
- RESINFIT, UMR1092, University of Limoges, 2 Rue du Pr Descottes, 87000 Limoges, France; (C.J.); (C.M.); (S.H.)
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research INSERM, UMR 1092, 2 Rue du Pr Descottes, 87000 Limoges, France;
- National Reference Center for Herpesviruses, Virology Department, CHU Limoges, 2 Rue Martin Luther King, 87000 Limoges, France
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, CHU Limoges, 87000 Limoges, France
- Correspondence: (P.C.M.); (S.A.); Tel.: +33-5-5505-6164 (P.C.M.); +33-5-5505-6724 (S.A.); Fax: +33-5-5505-6722 (P.C.M. & S.A.)
| | - Chloé Jacquet
- RESINFIT, UMR1092, University of Limoges, 2 Rue du Pr Descottes, 87000 Limoges, France; (C.J.); (C.M.); (S.H.)
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research INSERM, UMR 1092, 2 Rue du Pr Descottes, 87000 Limoges, France;
- National Reference Center for Herpesviruses, Virology Department, CHU Limoges, 2 Rue Martin Luther King, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Clotilde Muller
- RESINFIT, UMR1092, University of Limoges, 2 Rue du Pr Descottes, 87000 Limoges, France; (C.J.); (C.M.); (S.H.)
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research INSERM, UMR 1092, 2 Rue du Pr Descottes, 87000 Limoges, France;
| | - Mathis Courant
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research INSERM, UMR 1092, 2 Rue du Pr Descottes, 87000 Limoges, France;
| | - Chahrazed El Hamel
- Mother and Child Biobank (CB-HME), Pediatric Department, Hôpital de la Mère et de l’Enfant, CHU Limoges, 87000 Limoges, France;
| | - Thierry Chianea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, CHU Limoges, 87000 Limoges, France;
| | - Sébastien Hantz
- RESINFIT, UMR1092, University of Limoges, 2 Rue du Pr Descottes, 87000 Limoges, France; (C.J.); (C.M.); (S.H.)
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research INSERM, UMR 1092, 2 Rue du Pr Descottes, 87000 Limoges, France;
- National Reference Center for Herpesviruses, Virology Department, CHU Limoges, 2 Rue Martin Luther King, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Sophie Alain
- RESINFIT, UMR1092, University of Limoges, 2 Rue du Pr Descottes, 87000 Limoges, France; (C.J.); (C.M.); (S.H.)
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research INSERM, UMR 1092, 2 Rue du Pr Descottes, 87000 Limoges, France;
- National Reference Center for Herpesviruses, Virology Department, CHU Limoges, 2 Rue Martin Luther King, 87000 Limoges, France
- Correspondence: (P.C.M.); (S.A.); Tel.: +33-5-5505-6164 (P.C.M.); +33-5-5505-6724 (S.A.); Fax: +33-5-5505-6722 (P.C.M. & S.A.)
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Andouard D, Gueye R, Hantz S, Fagnère C, Liagre B, Bernardaud L, Pouget C, Duroux JL, Alain S. Impact of new cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors on human cytomegalovirus replication in vitro. Antivir Ther 2021; 26:117-125. [DOI: 10.1177/13596535211064078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is involved in complications on immunocompromised patients. Current therapeutics are associated with several drawbacks, such as nephrotoxicity. Purpose: As HCMV infection affects inflammation pathways, especially prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production via cyclooxygenase 2 enzyme (COX-2), we designed 2'-hydroxychalcone compounds to inhibit human cytomegalovirus. Study design We first selected the most efficient new synthetic chalcones for their effect against COX-2-catalyzed PGE2. Study sample Among the selected compounds, we assessed the antiviral efficacy against different HCMV strains, such as the laboratory strain AD169 and clinical strains (naïve or multi-resistant to conventional drugs) and toxicity on human cells. Results The most efficient and less toxic compound (chalcone 7) was tested against HCMV in combination with other antiviral molecules: artesunate (ART), baicalein (BAI), maribavir (MBV), ganciclovir (GCV), and quercetin (QUER) using Compusyn software. Association of chalcone 7 with MBV and BAI is synergistic, antagonistic with QUER, and additive with GCV and ART. Conclusion These results provide a promising search path for potential bitherapies against HCMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Andouard
- INSERM, CHU Limoges, RESINFIT, U1092, University Limoges, Limoges, France
- National Reference Center for Herpesviruses, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - R Gueye
- PEIRENE EA 7500, University Limoges, Limoges, France
- Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - S Hantz
- INSERM, CHU Limoges, RESINFIT, U1092, University Limoges, Limoges, France
- National Reference Center for Herpesviruses, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - C Fagnère
- PEIRENE EA 7500, University Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - B Liagre
- PEIRENE EA 7500, University Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - L Bernardaud
- INSERM, CHU Limoges, RESINFIT, U1092, University Limoges, Limoges, France
- National Reference Center for Herpesviruses, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - C Pouget
- PEIRENE EA 7500, University Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - JL Duroux
- PEIRENE EA 7500, University Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - S Alain
- INSERM, CHU Limoges, RESINFIT, U1092, University Limoges, Limoges, France
- National Reference Center for Herpesviruses, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
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9
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Investigational Antiviral Therapy Models for the Prevention and Treatment of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection during Pregnancy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 65:AAC.01627-20. [PMID: 33077661 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01627-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection may cause significant fetal malformation, lifelong disease, and, in severe cases, fetal or neonatal death. Placental infection with HCMV is the major mechanism of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) and fetal injury. Thus, any pharmaceutical antiviral interference to reduce viral load may reduce placental damage, MTCT, and fetal disease. However, there is currently no licensed HCMV antiviral for use during pregnancy. In this study, aciclovir and the HCMV-specific antivirals letermovir, maribavir, and cidofovir were compared with ganciclovir for antiviral effects in model systems of pregnancy, including first-trimester TEV-1 trophoblast cell cultures and third-trimester ex vivo placental explant histocultures. HCMV-infected trophoblasts at 7 days postinfection (dpi) showed an EC50 of 21 μM for aciclovir, 0.0007 μM for letermovir, 0.11 μM for maribavir, and 0.29 μM for cidofovir, relative to 0.42 μM for ganciclovir. Antivirals added at 10 μM showed no cytotoxic effects and did not affect trophoblast cell proliferation (P > 0.9999). Multiple-round HCMV replication measured at 7 dpi showed letermovir, maribavir, and cidofovir treatment inhibited immediate early, early, and true late viral protein expression as assayed on Western blots. Antiviral treatment of HCMV-infected placental explants showed significant inhibition (P < 0.05) of viral replication with letermovir (83.3%), maribavir (83.6%), cidofovir (89.3%), and ganciclovir (82.4%), but not aciclovir (P > 0.9999). In ex vivo model systems, recently trialed HCMV antivirals letermovir and maribavir were effective at inhibiting HCMV replication. They partly fulfil requirements for use as safe and effective therapeutics during pregnancy to control congenital HCMV. Clinical trials of these newer agents would assist assessment of their utility in pregnancy.
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The Artemisinin-Derived Autofluorescent Compound BG95 Exerts Strong Anticytomegaloviral Activity Based on a Mitochondrial Targeting Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155578. [PMID: 32759737 PMCID: PMC7432203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a major human pathogen associated with severe pathology. Current options of antiviral therapy only partly satisfy the needs of a well-tolerated long-term treatment/prophylaxis free from drug-induced viral resistance. Recently, we reported the strong antiviral properties in vitro and in vivo of the broad-spectrum anti-infective drug artesunate and its optimized derivatives. NF-κB signaling was described as a targeting mechanism and additional target proteins have recently been identified. Here, we analyzed the autofluorescent hybrid compound BG95, which could be utilized for intracellular visualization by confocal imaging and a tracking analysis in virus-infected primary human fibroblasts. As an important finding, BG95 accumulated in mitochondria visualized by anti-prohibitin and MitoTracker staining, and induced statistically significant changes of mitochondrial morphology, distinct from those induced by HCMV infection. Notably, mitochondrial membrane potential was found substantially reduced by BG95, an effect apparently counteracting efficient HCMV replication, which requires active mitochondria and upregulated energy levels. This finding was consistent with binding properties of artesunate-like compounds to mitochondrial proteins and thereby suggested a new mechanistic aspect. Combined, the present study underlines an important role of mitochondria in the multifaceted, host-directed antiviral mechanism of this drug class, postulating a new mitochondria-specific mode of protein targeting.
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11
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Adamson CS, Nevels MM. Bright and Early: Inhibiting Human Cytomegalovirus by Targeting Major Immediate-Early Gene Expression or Protein Function. Viruses 2020; 12:v12010110. [PMID: 31963209 PMCID: PMC7019229 DOI: 10.3390/v12010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), one of eight human herpesviruses, establishes lifelong latent infections in most people worldwide. Primary or reactivated HCMV infections cause severe disease in immunosuppressed patients and congenital defects in children. There is no vaccine for HCMV, and the currently approved antivirals come with major limitations. Most approved HCMV antivirals target late molecular processes in the viral replication cycle including DNA replication and packaging. “Bright and early” events in HCMV infection have not been exploited for systemic prevention or treatment of disease. Initiation of HCMV replication depends on transcription from the viral major immediate-early (IE) gene. Alternative transcripts produced from this gene give rise to the IE1 and IE2 families of viral proteins, which localize to the host cell nucleus. The IE1 and IE2 proteins are believed to control all subsequent early and late events in HCMV replication, including reactivation from latency, in part by antagonizing intrinsic and innate immune responses. Here we provide an update on the regulation of major IE gene expression and the functions of IE1 and IE2 proteins. We will relate this insight to experimental approaches that target IE gene expression or protein function via molecular gene silencing and editing or small chemical inhibitors.
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12
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D’Alessandro S, Scaccabarozzi D, Signorini L, Perego F, Ilboudo DP, Ferrante P, Delbue S. The Use of Antimalarial Drugs against Viral Infection. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8010085. [PMID: 31936284 PMCID: PMC7022795 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, drugs used to treat malaria infection have been shown to be beneficial for many other diseases, including viral infections. In particular, they have received special attention due to the lack of effective antiviral drugs against new emerging viruses (i.e., HIV, dengue virus, chikungunya virus, Ebola virus, etc.) or against classic infections due to drug-resistant viral strains (i.e., human cytomegalovirus). Here, we reviewed the in vitro/in vivo and clinical studies conducted to evaluate the antiviral activities of four classes of antimalarial drugs: Artemisinin derivatives, aryl-aminoalcohols, aminoquinolines, and antimicrobial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D’Alessandro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.D.); (L.S.); (F.P.); (P.F.)
| | - Diletta Scaccabarozzi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Lucia Signorini
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.D.); (L.S.); (F.P.); (P.F.)
| | - Federica Perego
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.D.); (L.S.); (F.P.); (P.F.)
| | - Denise P. Ilboudo
- Département des Sciences de la Vie, University of Fada N’Gourma (UFDG), Fada N’Gourma BP 54, Burkina Faso;
| | - Pasquale Ferrante
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.D.); (L.S.); (F.P.); (P.F.)
| | - Serena Delbue
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.D.); (L.S.); (F.P.); (P.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-50315070
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13
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Jacquet C, Marschall M, Andouard D, El Hamel C, Chianea T, Tsogoeva SB, Hantz S, Alain S. A highly potent trimeric derivative of artesunate shows promising treatment profiles in experimental models for congenital HCMV infection in vitro and ex vivo. Antiviral Res 2019; 175:104700. [PMID: 31870762 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Jacquet
- Université Limoges, UMR1092, 2 rue du Pr Descottes, 87000, Limoges, France; INSERM, UMR 1092, 2 rue du Pr Descottes, 87000, Limoges, France
| | - Manfred Marschall
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Déborah Andouard
- Université Limoges, UMR1092, 2 rue du Pr Descottes, 87000, Limoges, France; INSERM, UMR 1092, 2 rue du Pr Descottes, 87000, Limoges, France; National Reference Center for Herpesviruses, Virology department, CHU Limoges, 2 rue Martin Luther King, 87000, Limoges, France
| | - Charhazed El Hamel
- Mother and Child Biobank (CB-HME), Pediatric department, Hôpital de la mère et de l'enfant, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Thierry Chianea
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular Genetics, CHU Limoges, France
| | - Svetlana B Tsogoeva
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sébastien Hantz
- Université Limoges, UMR1092, 2 rue du Pr Descottes, 87000, Limoges, France; INSERM, UMR 1092, 2 rue du Pr Descottes, 87000, Limoges, France; National Reference Center for Herpesviruses, Virology department, CHU Limoges, 2 rue Martin Luther King, 87000, Limoges, France
| | - Sophie Alain
- Université Limoges, UMR1092, 2 rue du Pr Descottes, 87000, Limoges, France; INSERM, UMR 1092, 2 rue du Pr Descottes, 87000, Limoges, France; National Reference Center for Herpesviruses, Virology department, CHU Limoges, 2 rue Martin Luther King, 87000, Limoges, France.
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14
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Oiknine-Djian E, Bar-On S, Laskov I, Lantsberg D, Haynes RK, Panet A, Wolf DG. Artemisone demonstrates synergistic antiviral activity in combination with approved and experimental drugs active against human cytomegalovirus. Antiviral Res 2019; 172:104639. [PMID: 31654672 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We have recently shown that the artemisinin derivative artemisone, which was screened against malaria in human clinical studies, is a potent inhibitor of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Here we evaluated the antiviral effect of artemisone when employed in 2-drug combinations with approved and experimental anti-HCMV agents. Using the Chou-Talalay method, we found that in-vitro combination of artemisone with cidofovir, brincidofovir, or with the HCMV UL97 inhibitor maribavir resulted in antiviral synergism and the combination of artemisone with ganciclovir or with the viral terminase inhibitors letermovir and BDCRB resulted in moderate synergism. Importantly, the combination of artemisone with maribavir demonstrated synergistic antiviral activity ex-vivo, in a clinically-relevant multicellular model of human placental tissues maintained in organ culture. Our findings provide the basis for the use of artemisone in synergistically acting drug combinations, to enhance viral control and reduce antiviral drug toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Oiknine-Djian
- Clinical Virology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Biochemistry and the Chanock Center for Virology, IMRIC, The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel; The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, IMRIC, The Hebrew University, Israel
| | - Shikma Bar-On
- Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ido Laskov
- Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel Lantsberg
- Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Richard K Haynes
- Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Amos Panet
- Department of Biochemistry and the Chanock Center for Virology, IMRIC, The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dana G Wolf
- Clinical Virology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, IMRIC, The Hebrew University, Israel.
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15
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Liu X, Cao J, Huang G, Zhao Q, Shen J. Biological Activities of Artemisinin Derivatives Beyond Malaria. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:205-222. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190122144217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Artemisinin is isolated from Artemisia annua L. with peroxide-containing sesquiterpene lactone structure. Because of its unique structural characteristics and promising anticancer, antivirus activities, it has recently received increasing attention. The aim of this review is to summarize recent discoveries of artemisinin's novel derivatives with new pharmaceutical effects beyond malaria with a focus on its antitumor and antivirus activity, as well as potential results of combination therapy with other clinical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianguo Cao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Guozheng Huang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Qingjie Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jingshan Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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16
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Andronova VL. [Modern ethiotropic chemotherapy of human cytomegalovirus infection: clinical effectiveness, molecular mechanism of action, drug resistance, new trends and prospects. Part 2.]. Vopr Virusol 2019; 63:250-260. [PMID: 30641020 DOI: 10.18821/0507-4088-2018-63-6-250-260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A number of synthetic compounds, such as the nucleoside analog ganciclovir, its L-valine ester (a metabolic precursor of ganciclovir) and pyrophosphate analog foscarnet, are permitted for the treatment of HCMVrelated diseases in the WHO European Region. The viral DNA- polymerase is used by all these drugs as a biotarget. However, the usage of standard anti-CMV therapy is accompanied by severe side effects, as well as the development of drug resistance in the virus, mainly in conditions of immunodefciency. In this review, we focused on viral proteins of interest as new potential targets and their inhibitors, such as the inhibitor of human CMV terminology, lethermovir, which showed great activity in the third phase of clinical trials, inhibitors of viral cyclin-dependent kinase (maribavir, cyclopropavir) and a number of compounds exhibiting anti-HCMV-activity, undergoing only preclinical trials in the experiment. Inclusion of new anti-CMV agents that are active against GСV/PFA/CDV-resistant strains of CMV into standard prophylactic and therapeutic regimens, will allow to increase the effectiveness of anti-CMV therapy, including in cases when standard therapy is ineffective. Areas covered: the international databases such as A MEDLINE, PubMed, eLIBRARY.RU, ClinicalTrials.gov., etc. with the purpose of obtaining information on compounds showing selective action against the human cytomegalovirus, the most promising for the development of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Andronova
- National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098, Russian Federation
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17
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Efferth T. Beyond malaria: The inhibition of viruses by artemisinin-type compounds. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1730-1737. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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The Artemisinin Derivative Artemisone Is a Potent Inhibitor of Human Cytomegalovirus Replication. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.00288-18. [PMID: 29712656 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00288-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a major cause of disease in immunocompromised individuals and the most common cause of congenital infection and neurosensorial disease. The expanding target populations for HCMV antiviral treatment along with the limitations of the currently available HCMV DNA polymerase inhibitors underscore the need for new antiviral agents with alternative modes of action. The antimalarial artemisinin derivative artesunate was shown to inhibit HCMV in vitro yet has demonstrated limited antiviral efficacy in vivo, prompting our search for more potent anti-HCMV artemisinin derivatives. Here we show that the innovative artemisinin derivative artemisone, which has been screened for its activity against malaria parasites in human clinical studies, is a potent and noncytotoxic inhibitor of HCMV. Artemisone exhibited an antiviral efficacy comparable to that of ganciclovir (50% effective concentration, 1.20 ± 0.46 μM) in human foreskin fibroblasts, with enhanced relative potency in lung fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Significantly, the antiviral efficacy of artemisone was consistently ≥10-fold superior to that of artesunate in all cells. Artemisone effectively inhibited both laboratory-adapted and low-passage-number clinical strains, as well as drug-resistant HCMV strains. By using quantitative viral kinetics and gene expression studies, we show that artemisone is a reversible inhibitor targeting an earlier phase of the viral replication cycle than ganciclovir. Importantly, artemisone most effectively inhibited HCMV infection ex vivo in a clinically relevant multicellular model of integral human placental tissues maintained in organ culture. Our promising findings encourage preclinical and clinical studies of artemisone as a new inhibitor against HCMV.
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19
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Hahn F, Fröhlich T, Frank T, Bertzbach LD, Kohrt S, Kaufer BB, Stamminger T, Tsogoeva SB, Marschall M. Artesunate-derived monomeric, dimeric and trimeric experimental drugs - Their unique mechanistic basis and pronounced antiherpesviral activity. Antiviral Res 2018; 152:104-110. [PMID: 29458133 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a major human pathogen and is associated with severe pathology, such as life-threatening courses of infection in immunocompromised individuals and neonates. Currently, antiviral therapy is still hampered by a considerable toxicity of the available drugs and induction of viral resistance. Recently, we and others reported the very potent antiviral activity of the broad antiinfective drug artesunate in vitro and in vivo. Here, we investigated further optimized analogs including monomeric, dimeric and trimeric derivatives belonging to this highly interesting chemical group of experimental drugs (sesquiterpenes/trioxanes) and compared these to the previously identified trimeric artesunate compound TF27. We could demonstrate that (i) seven of the eight investigated monomeric, dimeric and trimeric artesunate derivatives, i.e. TF79, TF85, TF87, TF93.2.4, TF111, TF57a and TF57ab, exerted a strong anti-HCMV activity in primary human fibroblasts, (ii) the EC50 values ranged in the low to sub-micromolar concentrations and indicated a higher antiviral potency than the recently described artesunate analogs, (iii) one trimeric compound, TF79, showed a very promising EC50 of 0.03 ± 0.00 μM, which even exceled the antiviral potency of TF27 (EC50 0.04 ± 0.01 μM), (iv) levels of cytotoxicity (quantitative measurement of lactate dehydrogenase release) were low in a range between 100 and 30 μM and thus different from antiviral concentrations, (v) an analysis of protein expression levels indicated a potent block of viral protein expression, and (vi) data from a NF-κB reporter cell system strongly suggested that these compounds share the same antiviral mechanism. Taken together, our data on these novel compounds strongly encourages our earlier concept on the oligomerization and hybridization of artesunate analogs, providing an excellent platform for the generation of antiherpesviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Hahn
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Tony Fröhlich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Theresa Frank
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Luca D Bertzbach
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert Von Ostertag-Str. 7 - 13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Stephan Kohrt
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Benedikt B Kaufer
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert Von Ostertag-Str. 7 - 13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Thomas Stamminger
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Svetlana B Tsogoeva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Manfred Marschall
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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20
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Hutterer C, Hamilton S, Steingruber M, Zeitträger I, Bahsi H, Thuma N, Naing Z, Örfi Z, Örfi L, Socher E, Sticht H, Rawlinson W, Chou S, Haupt VJ, Marschall M. The chemical class of quinazoline compounds provides a core structure for the design of anticytomegaloviral kinase inhibitors. Antiviral Res 2016; 134:130-143. [PMID: 27515131 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
HCMV is a member of the family Herpesviridae and represents a worldwide distributed pathogen with seropositivity rates in the adult population ranging between 40% and 90%. Notably, HCMV infection is a serious, sometimes life-threatening medical problem for newborns and immunosuppressed individuals, including transplant recipients and patients under antitumoral chemotherapy. Current standard therapy with valganciclovir has the disadvantage of inducing drug-resistant virus mutants and toxicity-related side effects. Our analysis stresses the earlier finding that kinase inhibitors of the quinazoline class exert an antiviral response by targeting the viral protein kinase pUL97 without inducing resistance. Therefore, quinazolines have been used as a core structure to gain insight in the mode of inhibitor-kinase interaction. Here, we demonstrate that (i) the novel quinazolines Vi7392 and Vi7453 are highly active against HCMV laboratory and clinically relevant strains including maribavir- and ganciclovir-resistant variants, (ii) antiviral activity is not cell-type specific and was also detected in a placental explant tissue model using a genetically intact HCMV strain (iii) the viral kinase pUL97 represents a target of the anticytomegaloviral activity of these compounds, (iv) induction of pUL97-conferring drug resistance was not detectable under single-step selection, thus differed from the induction of ganciclovir resistance, and (v) pUL97 drug docking simulations enabled detailed insights into specific drug-target binding properties providing a promising basis for the design of optimized kinase inhibitors. These novel findings may open new prospects for the future medical use of quinazoline drug candidates and the use of drug-target dynamic simulations for rational design of antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hutterer
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - S Hamilton
- Serology and Virology Division, SEALS Microbiology Prince of Wales Hospital Randwick NSW 2013 and SOMS and BABS, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - M Steingruber
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - I Zeitträger
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - H Bahsi
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - N Thuma
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Z Naing
- Serology and Virology Division, SEALS Microbiology Prince of Wales Hospital Randwick NSW 2013 and SOMS and BABS, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Z Örfi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - L Örfi
- Semmelweis University, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - E Socher
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, FAU of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - H Sticht
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, FAU of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - W Rawlinson
- Serology and Virology Division, SEALS Microbiology Prince of Wales Hospital Randwick NSW 2013 and SOMS and BABS, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - S Chou
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health and Science University and VA Medical Center, Portland, USA
| | - V J Haupt
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Marschall
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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21
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Krömmelbein N, Wiebusch L, Schiedner G, Büscher N, Sauer C, Florin L, Sehn E, Wolfrum U, Plachter B. Adenovirus E1A/E1B Transformed Amniotic Fluid Cells Support Human Cytomegalovirus Replication. Viruses 2016; 8:v8020037. [PMID: 26848680 PMCID: PMC4776192 DOI: 10.3390/v8020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replicates to high titers in primary human fibroblast cell cultures. A variety of primary human cells and some tumor-derived cell lines do also support permissive HCMV replication, yet at low levels. Cell lines established by transfection of the transforming functions of adenoviruses have been notoriously resistant to HCMV replication and progeny production. Here, we provide first-time evidence that a permanent cell line immortalized by adenovirus type 5 E1A and E1B (CAP) is supporting the full HCMV replication cycle and is releasing infectious progeny. The CAP cell line had previously been established from amniotic fluid cells which were likely derived from membranes of the developing fetus. These cells can be grown under serum-free conditions. HCMV efficiently penetrated CAP cells, expressed its immediate-early proteins and dispersed restrictive PML-bodies. Viral DNA replication was initiated and viral progeny became detectable by electron microscopy in CAP cells. Furthermore, infectious virus was released from CAP cells, yet to lower levels compared to fibroblasts. Subviral dense bodies were also secreted from CAP cells. The results show that E1A/E1B expression in transformed cells is not generally repressive to HCMV replication and that CAP cells may be a good substrate for dense body based vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Krömmelbein
- Institute for Virology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Lüder Wiebusch
- Department of Pediatric Molecular Biology, Charité University Medical Centre Berlin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Nicole Büscher
- Institute for Virology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Caroline Sauer
- Institute for Virology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Luise Florin
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Sehn
- Institute for Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Uwe Wolfrum
- Institute for Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Bodo Plachter
- Institute for Virology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany.
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany.
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Zhang H, Huang Y, Wang L, Yu T, Wang Z, Chang L, Zhao X, Luo X, Zhang L, Tong D. Immortalization of porcine placental trophoblast cells through reconstitution of telomerase activity. Theriogenology 2016; 85:1446-56. [PMID: 26850465 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Placental trophoblast cells (PTCs) play a critical role in histotrophic nutrient absorption, gaseous exchange, endocrine activities, and barrier function between the maternal and fetal systems. Establishment of immortalized porcine PTCs will help us to investigate the potential effects of different viruses on porcine trophoblast. In the present study, primary porcine PTCs were isolated from healthy gilts at Day 30 to Day 50 of gestation through collagenase digestion, percoll gradient centrifugation, and anti-CD9 immunomagnetic negative selection. To provide stable and long lifespan cells, primary PTCs were transfected with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene. One porcine placental trophoblast cell line, named as hTERT-PTCs, was chosen for characterization. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase-PTCs achieved an extended replicative lifespan without exhibiting any neoplastic transformation signs in vivo or in vitro. The morphologic and key physiological characteristics of the immortalized PTCs were similar to primary PTCs. The immortalized PTCs retained original cell polarity and normal karyotype, expressed trophoblast-specific marker cytokeratin 7 and E-cadherin but did not express vimentin and major histocompatibility complex class I antigens as well as primary PTCs. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase-PTCs secreted low levels of chorionic gonadotrophin β-subunit and placental lactogen that were coincident with primary PTCs. Taken together, our results demonstrated that the porcine PTCs could be immortalized through reconstitution of telomerase activity. The immortalized PTCs maintained its original characteristics and can be used as a model cells line to study the pathologic changes of porcine placental trophoblast in viruses infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Zhang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Zengguo Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Lingling Chang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Zhao
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomao Luo
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Dewen Tong
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China.
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An Ex vivo culture model for placental cytomegalovirus infection using slices of Guinea pig placental tissue. Placenta 2015; 37:85-8. [PMID: 26625961 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Congenital infection with human cytomegalovirus (CMV) through the placenta is one of the major causes of birth and developmental abnormalities. Guinea pig CMV (GPCMV) causes in utero infection, which makes its animal models useful for studies on congenital diseases. Here, we established an ex vivo culture method for tissue slices prepared from guinea pig placentas and demonstrated that viral spread in the model resembles those in the placenta of GPCMV-infected animals and that the infection is independent of the pentameric glycoprotein complex for endothelial/epithelial cell tropism. Thus, this model affords a useful tool for pathobiological studies on CMV placental infection.
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Hamilton ST, Hutterer C, Marschall M. Therapeutics to prevent congenital cytomegalovirus during pregnancy: what is available now and in the future? MICROBIOLOGY AUSTRALIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/ma15057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the leading non-genetic cause of fetal malformation in developed countries. Congenital CMV infection can cause serious clinical sequelae, and in severe cases result in fetal or neonatal death. Despite the clinical and social importance of congenital CMV there is currently no standardised management strategy to prevent or treat maternal/fetal CMV infection during pregnancy and no evidence-based therapeutic for prenatally diagnosed CMV infection or disease. For pregnant women with a primary CMV infection during pregnancy, standard medical practise remains to offer no treatment at all or the option to terminate pregnancy. If intervention is requested, pregnant women may be offered a narrow range of medical therapies with limited evidence for efficacy and some with high risks of toxicity. However, there are several experimental and novel anti-CMV therapeutics currently being investigated that may provide a safe and effective therapeutic for use during pregnancy to prevent both fetal infection and reduce the risk of congenital CMV disease developing in the fetus once infected in utero.
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