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Branche T, Pouppirt N, Nelson LD, Khan JY. Potential Implications of Emerging Nontraditional Childbirth Practices On Neonatal Health. J Pediatr 2023; 261:113338. [PMID: 36720380 PMCID: PMC10766326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tonia Branche
- Division of Neonatology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL; Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
| | - Nicole Pouppirt
- Division of Neonatology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL; Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - LaTasha D Nelson
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Janine Y Khan
- Division of Neonatology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL; Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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Benyshek DC, Bovbjerg ML, Cheyney M. Comparison of placenta consumers' and non-consumers' postpartum depression screening results using EPDS in US community birth settings (n=6038): a propensity score analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:534. [PMID: 37481527 PMCID: PMC10362633 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05852-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preventing postpartum depression (PPD) is the most common self-reported motivation for human maternal placentophagy, yet very little systematic research has assessed mental health following placenta consumption. Our aim was to compare PPD screening scores of placenta consumers and non-consumers in a community birth setting, using propensity score matching to address anticipated extensive confounding. METHODS We used a medical records-based data set (n = 6038) containing pregnancy, birth, and postpartum information for US women who planned and completed community births. We first compared PPD screening scores as measured by the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) of individuals who consumed their placenta to those who did not, with regard to demographics, pregnancy characteristics, and history of mental health challenges. Matching placentophagic (n = 1876) and non-placentophagic (n = 1876) groups were then created using propensity scores. The propensity score model included more than 90 variables describing medical and obstetric history, demographics, pregnancy characteristics, and intrapartum and postpartum complications, thus addressing confounding by all of these variables. We then used logistic regression to compare placentophagic to non-placentophagic groups based on commonly-cited EPDS cutoff values (≥ 11; ≥ 13) for likely PPD. RESULTS In the unmatched and unadjusted analysis, placentophagy was associated with an increased risk of PPD. In the matched sample, 9.9% of women who ate their placentas reported EPDS ≥ 11, compared to 8.4% of women who did not (5.5% and 4.8%, respectively, EPDS ≥ 13 or greater). After controlling for over 90 variables (including prior mental health challenges) in the matched and adjusted analysis, placentophagy was associated with an increased risk of PPD between 15 and 20%, depending on the published EPDS cutoff point used. Numerous sensitivity analyses did not alter this general finding. CONCLUSIONS Placentophagic individuals in our study scored higher on an EPDS screening than carefully matched non-placentophagic controls. Why placentophagic women score higher on the EPDS remains unclear, but we suspect reverse causality plays an important role. Future research could assess psychosocial factors that may motivate some individuals to engage in placentophagy, and that may also indicate greater risk of PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Benyshek
- Department of Anthropology, Nutrition and Reproduction Laboratory, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
- Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at University of Nevada, NV, Las Vegas, USA.
| | - Marit L Bovbjerg
- Epidemiology Program, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Melissa Cheyney
- Department of Anthropology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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3
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Kristal MB, DiPirro JM, Thompson AC, Wood TD. Placentophagia and the Tao of POEF. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 145:104992. [PMID: 36509207 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Placentophagia, ingestion of placenta and amniotic fluid, usually during parturition, is a behavioral feature of nearly all nonaquatic, placental mammals, and is a nexus for several interlocking behavioral phenomena. Placentophagia has not been typical of human cultures, but in recent years, some women in affluent societies have engaged in it, thereby bringing publicity to the behavior. First, we summarized benefits of placentophagia for nonhuman mammals, which include increased attractiveness of neonates, enhanced onset of maternal behavior, suppression of pseudopregnancy, and enhancement of opioid hypoalgesia by Placental Opioid-Enhancing Factor (POEF), a benefit that may extend well outside the context of parturition. The research on POEF in animals was discussed in detail. Then we discussed placentophagia (placentophagy) in humans, and whether there is validity to the claims of various benefits reported primarily in the pro-placentophagy literature, and, although human afterbirth shows POEF activity, the POEF effect has not yet been tested in humans. Finally, we discussed the general possible implications, for the management of pain and addiction, of isolating and characterizing POEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Kristal
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Park Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260-4110, USA; Research and Clinical Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, 1022 Main St., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
| | - Jean M DiPirro
- Department of Psychology, Buffalo State College, Buffalo, NY 14222 USA; Research and Clinical Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, 1022 Main St., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Alexis C Thompson
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Park Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260-4110, USA; Research and Clinical Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, 1022 Main St., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Troy D Wood
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, Natural Science Complex, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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4
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Impact of tissue processing on microbiological colonization in the context of placentophagy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5307. [PMID: 35351937 PMCID: PMC8964728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A mother’s postpartum ingestion of raw or processed placental tissue—referred to as human maternal placentophagy—is an emerging health trend observed in industrialized nations. Placenta is commonly consumed as small pieces of raw tissue, or as raw or steamed dehydrated pulverized and encapsulated tissue. To investigate the potential neonatal health risks of this behavior, the present study focused on microbial colonization of processed placenta preparations with potentially pathogenic bacteria Streptococcus agalactiae (Group-B-Streptococci; GBS) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). In the clinical approach placentas from 24 mothers were analyzed. Two placentas, from 13 mothers with confirmed positive maternal GBS status, showed GBS-growth on their surface (2/13; 15.4%) independent from delivery mode or antibiotic treatment. All processed samples (n = 24) were free from GBS. In the experimental approach, a standardized inoculation protocol was introduced to resemble ascending vaginal and hematogenous colonization. Six placentas from elective term C-sections of GBS negative mothers were collected and artificially inoculated with highly concentrated suspensions of GBS and E. coli. Heat processing significantly reduced the number of colony forming units (CFU) for GBS and E. coli. Our results suggest placentophagy of processed tissue is an unlikely source of clinical infection.
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O'Brien KO. Maternal, fetal and placental regulation of placental iron trafficking. Placenta 2021; 125:47-53. [PMID: 34974896 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The human placenta is a highly specialized organ that is responsible for housing, protecting, and nourishing the fetus across gestation. The placenta is essential as it functions among other things as the liver, lungs, and gut while also playing key immunological and endocrine roles. The structure and transport capacity of this temporary organ must evolve as gestation progresses while also adapting to possible alterations in maternal nutrient availability. All nutrients needed by the developing fetus must cross the human placenta. Iron (Fe) is one such nutrient that is both integral to placental function and to successful pregnancy outcomes. Iron deficiency is among the most common nutrient deficiencies globally and pregnant women are particularly vulnerable. Data on the partitioning of Fe between the mother, placenta and fetus are evolving yet many unanswered questions remain. Hepcidin, erythroferrone and erythropoietin are regulatory hormones that are integral to iron homeostasis. The mother, fetus and placenta independently produce these hormones, but the relative function of these hormones varies in each of the maternal, placental, and fetal compartments. This review will summarize basic aspects of Fe physiology in pregnant women and the maternal, fetal, and placental adaptations that occur to maintain Fe homeostasis at this key life stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly O O'Brien
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, 230 Savage Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
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Prihatno SA, Adi YK, Budipitojo T, Priyo TW, Sihotang YAMA. Dried bovine placenta improves spermatozoa count in a rat model of male reproductive aging. Vet World 2021; 14:1602-1607. [PMID: 34316209 PMCID: PMC8304429 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1602-1607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: In the male reproductive system, the aging process can lead to infertility. Recently, placenta and its derivatives have been researched as regenerative agents. This study aimed to describe the basic components of dried bovine placenta powder and its potential effects as a regenerative agent in a rat model of male reproductive aging with D-galactose induction. Materials and Methods: We divided 15 male Wistar rats, 2 months of age, into three groups: A, the health control group; B, the D-galactose induction group, and C, the D-galactose induction and 10% dried bovine placenta supplementation group. We measured epididymal sperm concentration and testicular weight and volume and analyzed these using one-way analysis of variance. Results: Dried bovine placenta was rich in nutrients, with 61.98% protein, 21.25±2.07 carbohydrates, 8.58% water, 4.93% ash, and 3.27% fat. The mean epididymal spermatozoa concentration of the rats in Groups A, B, and C was 3026×106/mL, 1492.8×106/mL, and 2732.5×106/mL, respectively. The average total testicle weights were 2.44 g, 2.72 g, and 2.57 g, respectively. The average total testicle volumes were 2.29 cm3, 2.49 cm3, and 2.33cm3, respectively. Conclusion: Dried bovine placenta powder is rich in nutrients, especially protein. Supplementation with dried bovine placenta can improve epididymal spermatozoa concentration that is important in fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Agus Prihatno
- Department of Reproduction and Obstetric, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Yosua Kristian Adi
- Department of Reproduction and Obstetric, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Teguh Budipitojo
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Topas Wicaksono Priyo
- Department of Reproduction and Obstetric, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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Kim BS, Kim JU, So KH, Hwang NS. Supercritical Fluid-Based Decellularization Technologies for Regenerative Medicine Applications. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100160. [PMID: 34121330 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Supercritical fluid-based extraction technologies are currently being increasingly utilized in high purity extract products for food industries. In recent years, supercritical fluid-based extraction technology is transformed in biomaterials process fields to be further utilized for tissue engineering and other biomedical applications. In particular, supercritical fluid-based decellularization protocols have great advantage over the conventional decellularization as it may allow preservation of extracellular matrix components and structures. In this review, the latest technological development utilizing the supercritical fluid-based decellularization for regenerative medicine is introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom-Seok Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Uk Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ha So
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel S Hwang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Bio-MAX Institute, Institute of Bio-Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Botelle R, Willott C. Birth, attitudes and placentophagy: a thematic discourse analysis of discussions on UK parenting forums. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:134. [PMID: 32138706 PMCID: PMC7059278 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-2824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The post-partum consumption of the placenta by the mother (placentophagy) has been practiced since the 1970s in the global North and is seemingly increasing in popularity. Maternal placentophagy is not known to have been practiced in any other time period or culture, despite being near-ubiquitous in other placental mammals. An in-depth qualitative exploration as to the reasons for the practice, its increasing popularity and how it is narratively incorporated into discourses surrounding "ideal" natural and medical births are given in this paper. METHODS 1752 posts from 956 users across 85 threads from the parenting forums Mumsnet and Netmums were identified for inclusion. A thematic discourse analysis was performed using NVivo. RESULTS Three main themes were identified: women recounted predominantly positive attitudes towards their own experiences of placentophagy, and they were respectful of others' views and experiences; some had negative views, particularly around the concept of disgust, but again, they were respectful of others' experiences. By far the most common method of consumption of the placenta was encapsulation. CONCLUSIONS This paper identifies the motivation for placentophagy to almost universally be for medical benefits, most commonly the prevention or treatment of post-natal depression (PND). Whilst disgust is a common reaction, discussion of risks is rare, and positive experiences outweigh negative ones. The increasing popularity of the practice is ascribed in part to the comparative palatability of encapsulation and the use of the internet to share resources and remove barriers. Parenting forums are important spaces to negotiate normative birth practices, including placentophagy, and act to build communities of women who value personal experience over medical evidence and highly value personal choice and bodily autonomy. Placentophagy is discussed in terms of its relation to natural and medical births with arguments being made using both discourses for and against the practice. This paper argues that placentophagy is practiced as a resistance to medicalisation as an assertion of control by the mother, whilst simultaneously being a medicalised phenomenon itself.
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El-Samahy MA, Yao X, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Wang F. A proposed sample handling of ovine cotyledon for proteomic studies. Anal Biochem 2020; 593:113585. [PMID: 31954698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ovine trophoblast is a suitable material for placental studies. However, a universal protocol for handling ruminant cotyledon samples has still not been reported. Considering the villous structure of ovine cotyledon, we suggest procedures to prepare cotyledons with limited inherent contamination, using semi-dry conditions to avoid freezing damage and sample errors. The cytosolic water-soluble proteins were physically extracted from the frozen cotyledons. High homogeneity was demonstrated between the replicates of both tissue and extract samples. Importantly, the chemical lysis of placental crude extracts was necessary for protein separation and immunoreaction. The integrity of stored tissues was histologically validated using a formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded technique. Using label-free proteomics, we detected 388 Ovis protein-groups in at least two of three biological replicates of either the tissue or extract. Although the water-soluble proteins were dominated by hemoglobin subunits, ten proteins were identified exclusively in all extract replicates. The physical extraction selectively reduced the membrane, extracellular matrix, and cytoskeleton proteins. The hydrolase enzymes, in the extract, hindered the identification of some specific proteins, such as histone H2A. In summary, the proposed workflow may guide further proteomic investigations of ovine cotyledon biology. Furthermore, our proteomic data have inferred some potential mechanisms of ovine trophoblast at parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A El-Samahy
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolei Yao
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guomin Zhang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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Young SM, Gryder LK, Cross CL, Zava D, Norris W, Benyshek DC. Ingestion of Steamed and Dehydrated Placenta Capsules Does Not Affect Postpartum Plasma Prolactin Levels or Neonatal Weight Gain: Results from a Randomized, Double‐Bind, Placebo‐Controlled Pilot Study. J Midwifery Womens Health 2019; 64:443-450. [DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M. Young
- Nutrition and Reproduction Lab, Department of AnthropologyUniversity of Nevada, Las Vegas Las Vegas Nevada
- Office of Undergraduate ResearchUniversity of Nevada, Las Vegas Las Vegas Nevada
| | - Laura K. Gryder
- Department of Surgery, School of MedicineUniversity of Nevada, Las Vegas Las Vegas Nevada
| | - Chad L. Cross
- Department of Environmental and Occupational HealthUniversity of Nevada, Las Vegas Las Vegas Nevada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of MedicineUniversity of Nevada, Las Vegas Las Vegas Nevada
| | | | | | - Daniel C. Benyshek
- Nutrition and Reproduction Lab, Department of AnthropologyUniversity of Nevada, Las Vegas Las Vegas Nevada
- School of MedicineUniversity of Nevada, Las Vegas Las Vegas Nevada
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Benyshek DC, Cheyney MM, Bovbjerg ML. Reply to Farr et al. Letter (Benyshek et al.). Birth 2019; 46:202-204. [PMID: 30767305 DOI: 10.1111/birt.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Benyshek
- Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Melissa M Cheyney
- Department of Anthropology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Marit L Bovbjerg
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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Johnson SK, Pastuschek J, Rödel J, Markert UR, Groten T. Placenta - Worth Trying? Human Maternal Placentophagia: Possible Benefit and Potential Risks. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2018; 78:846-852. [PMID: 30258243 PMCID: PMC6138470 DOI: 10.1055/a-0674-6275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of placenta preparations as an individual puerperal remedy can be traced back to historical, traditional practices in Western and Asian medicine. To evaluate the ingestion of processed placenta as a puerperal remedy, the potential risks (trace elements, microorganisms) and possible benefit (hormones in the placental tissue) of such a practice are discussed in this article based on a literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia K Johnson
- Plazenta-Labor, Klinik für Geburtsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jana Pastuschek
- Plazenta-Labor, Klinik für Geburtsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rödel
- Institut für klinische Mikrobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Udo R Markert
- Plazenta-Labor, Klinik für Geburtsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Tanja Groten
- Plazenta-Labor, Klinik für Geburtsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
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