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Srividya N, Kim H, Simone R, Lange BM. Chemical diversity in angiosperms - monoterpene synthases control complex reactions that provide the precursors for ecologically and commercially important monoterpenoids. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:28-55. [PMID: 38565299 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Monoterpene synthases (MTSs) catalyze the first committed step in the biosynthesis of monoterpenoids, a class of specialized metabolites with particularly high chemical diversity in angiosperms. In addition to accomplishing a rate enhancement, these enzymes manage the formation and turnover of highly reactive carbocation intermediates formed from a prenyl diphosphate substrate. At each step along the reaction path, a cationic intermediate can be subject to cyclization, migration of a proton, hydride, or alkyl group, or quenching to terminate the sequence. However, enzymatic control of ligand folding, stabilization of specific intermediates, and defined quenching chemistry can maintain the specificity for forming a signature product. This review article will discuss our current understanding of how angiosperm MTSs control the reaction environment. Such knowledge allows inferences about the origin and regulation of chemical diversity, which is pertinent for appreciating the role of monoterpenoids in plant ecology but also for aiding commercial efforts that harness the accumulation of these specialized metabolites for the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Srividya
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and M. J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-7411, USA
| | - Hoshin Kim
- Physical and Computational Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Raugei Simone
- Physical and Computational Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Bernd Markus Lange
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and M. J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-7411, USA
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2
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Alijani S, Raji MR, Bistgani ZE, Ehtesham Nia A, Farajpour M. Mitigation of salinity stress in yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) plants through spermidine application. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304831. [PMID: 38923971 PMCID: PMC11206933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the mitigating effects of spermidine on salinity-stressed yarrow plants (Achillea millefolium L.), an economically important medicinal crop. Plants were treated with four salinity levels (0, 30, 60, 90 mM NaCl) and three spermidine concentrations (0, 1.5, 3 μM). Salinity induced electrolyte leakage in a dose-dependent manner, increasing from 22% at 30 mM to 56% at 90 mM NaCl without spermidine. However, 1.5 μM spermidine significantly reduced leakage across salinities by 1.35-11.2% relative to untreated stressed plants. Photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids) also exhibited salinity- and spermidine-modulated responses. While salinity decreased chlorophyll a, both spermidine concentrations increased chlorophyll b and carotenoids under most saline conditions. Salinity and spermidine synergistically elevated osmoprotectants proline and total carbohydrates, with 3 μM spermidine augmenting proline and carbohydrates up to 14.4% and 13.1% at 90 mM NaCl, respectively. Antioxidant enzymes CAT, POD and APX displayed complex regulation influenced by treatment factors. Moreover, salinity stress and spermidine also influenced the expression of linalool and pinene synthetase genes, with the highest expression levels observed under 90 mM salt stress and the application of 3 μM spermidine. The findings provide valuable insights into the responses of yarrow plants to salinity stress and highlight the potential of spermidine in mitigating the adverse effects of salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajedeh Alijani
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Raji
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Zohreh Emami Bistgani
- Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abdollah Ehtesham Nia
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Farajpour
- Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sari, Iran
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Fan Z, Jeffries KA, Sun X, Olmedo G, Zhao W, Mattia MR, Stover E, Manthey JA, Baldwin EA, Lee S, Gmitter FG, Plotto A, Bai J. Chemical and genetic basis of orange flavor. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk2051. [PMID: 38416837 PMCID: PMC10901466 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) exhibits limited genetic diversity and high susceptibility to Huanglongbing (HLB). Breeding HLB-tolerant orange-like hybrids is in dire need. However, our understanding of the key compounds responsible for orange flavor and their genetic regulation remains elusive. Evaluating 179 juice samples, including oranges, mandarins, Poncirus trifoliata, and hybrids, distinct volatile compositions were found. A random forest model predicted untrained samples with 78% accuracy and identified 26 compounds crucial for orange flavor. Notably, seven esters differentiated orange from mandarin flavor. Cluster analysis showed six esters with shared genetic control. Differential gene expression analysis identified C. sinensis alcohol acyltransferase 1 (CsAAT1) responsible for ester production in orange. Its activity was validated through overexpression assays. Phylogeny revealed the functional allele was inherited from pummelo. A SNP-based DNA marker in the coding region accurately predicted phenotypes. This study enhances our understanding of orange flavor compounds and their biosynthetic pathways and expands breeding options for orange-like cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Fan
- Horticultural Sciences Department, IFAS Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA
| | | | - Xiuxiu Sun
- Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - Gabriela Olmedo
- Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - Matthew R. Mattia
- Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - Ed Stover
- Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - John A. Manthey
- Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | | | - Seonghee Lee
- Horticultural Sciences Department, IFAS Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA
| | - Frederick G. Gmitter
- Horticultural Sciences Department, IFAS Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
| | - Anne Plotto
- Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - Jinhe Bai
- Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
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Wang W, Wang M, Feng J, Zhang S, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Tian R, Zhu C, Nieuwenhuizen NJ. Terpene Synthase Gene Family in Chinese Chestnut ( Castanea mollissima BL.) Harbors Two Sesquiterpene Synthase Genes Implicated in Defense against Gall Wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:1571-1581. [PMID: 38206573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima BL.) is a well-known fruit tree that has been cultivated in East Asia for millennia. Leaves and buds of the plant can become seriously infested by the gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus (GWDK), which results in gall formation and associated significant losses in fruit production. Herbivore-induced terpenes have been reported to play an important role in plant-herbivory interactions, and in this study, we show that upon herbivory by GWDK, four terpene-related compounds were significantly induced, while the concentrations of these four compounds in intact buds were relatively low. Among these compounds, (E)-nerolidol and (E, E)-α-farnesene have frequently been reported to be involved in plant herbivory defenses, which suggests direct and/or indirect functions in chestnut GWDK defenses. Candidate terpene synthase (TPS) genes that may account for (E)-nerolidol and (E, E)-α-farnesene terpene biosynthesis were characterized by transcriptomics and phylogenetic approaches, which revealed altered transcript levels for two TPSs: CmAFS, a TPS-g subfamily member, and CmNES/AFS, a TPS-b clade member. Both genes were dramatically upregulated in gene expression upon GWDK infestation. Furthermore, Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana showed that CmAFS catalyzed the formation of (E, E)-α-farnesene, while CmNES/AFS showed dual (E)-nerolidol and (E, E)-α-farnesene synthase activity. Biochemical assays of the recombinant CmAFS and CmNES/AFS proteins confirmed their catalytic activity in vitro, and the enzymatic products were consistent with two of the major volatile compounds released upon GWDK-infested chestnut buds. Subcellular localization demonstrated that CmAFS and CmNES/AFS were both localized in the cytoplasm, the primary compartment for sesquiterpene synthesis. In summary, we show that two novel sesquiterpene synthase genes CmAFS and CmNES/AFS are inducible by herbivory and can account for the elevated accumulation of (E, E)-α-farnesene and (E)-nerolidol upon GWDK infestation and may be implicated in chestnut defense against GWDK herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Mindy Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag, 92169 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jiao Feng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag, 92169 Auckland, New Zealand
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shijie Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yuqiang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ruiping Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Cancan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Niels J Nieuwenhuizen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag, 92169 Auckland, New Zealand
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Fan WL, Wen CH, Ma LT, Ho CL, Tung GS, Tien CC, Chu FH. Monoterpene synthases contribute to the volatile production in tana (Zanthoxylum ailanthoides) through indigenous cultivation practices. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 202:107969. [PMID: 37597276 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Tana (Zanthoxylum ailanthoides), a perennial deciduous species in the Rutaceae family, possesses leaves with a unique fragrance that indigenous peoples incorporate into their traditional cuisine. In Kalibuan, the cultivated tana trees were pruned repeatedly to maintain a shorter height, which led to the growth of new leaves that were spicier and pricklier. Tana leaves contain a range of volatile terpenoids, and the pungent aroma may arise from the presence of monoterpenoids. To gain insight into the biosynthetic pathway, five candidate monoterpene synthase genes were cloned and characterized using a purified recombinant protein assay. The main product of Za_mTPS1, Za_mTPS2, and Za_mTPS5 is sabinene, geraniol, and (E)-β-ocimene, respectively. The main product of Za_mTPS3 and Za_mTPS4 is linalool. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that Za_mTPS1 and Za_mTPS5 are expressed at higher levels in prickly leaves of cultivated tana, suggesting that they may contribute to the distinctive aroma of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Fan
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiang Wen
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ting Ma
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Lung Ho
- Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, 10066, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Fang-Hua Chu
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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Wang Q, Wang X, Huang L, Cheng Y, Ren L, Yang H, Zhou C, Wang X, He J. Promoter characterization of a citrus linalool synthase gene mediating interspecific variation in resistance to a bacterial pathogen. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:405. [PMID: 37620808 PMCID: PMC10463377 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04413-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terpenoids play essential roles in plant defense against biotic stresses. In Citrus species, the monoterpene linalool mediates resistance against citrus canker disease caused by the gram-negative bacteria Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc). Previous work had associated linalool contents with resistance; here we characterize transcriptional responses of linalool synthase genes. RESULTS Leaf linalool contents are highly variable among different Citrus species. "Dongfang" tangerine (Citrus reticulata), a species with high linalool levels was more resistant to Xcc than "Shatian" pummelo (C. grandis) which accumulates only small amounts of linalool. The coding sequences of the major leaf-expressed linalool synthase gene (STS4) are highly conserved, while transcript levels differ between the two Citrus species. To understand this apparent differential transcription, we isolated the promoters of STS4 from the two species, fused them to a GUS reporter and expressed them in Arabidopsis. This reporter system revealed that the two promoters have different constitutive activities, mainly in trichomes. Interestingly, both linalool contents and STS4 transcript levels are insensitive to Xcc infestation in citrus plants, but in these transgenic Arabidopsis plants, the promoters are activated by challenge of a bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, as well as wounding and external jasmonic acid treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals variation in linalool and resistance to Xcc in citrus plants, which may be mediated by different promoter activities of a terpene synthase gene in different Citrus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiying Wang
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Linhua Huang
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Yujiao Cheng
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Li Ren
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Huayu Yang
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Changyong Zhou
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China.
| | - Jun He
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China.
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Li X, Wang Q, Li H, Wang X, Zhang R, Yang X, Jiang Q, Shi Q. Revealing the Mechanisms for Linalool Antifungal Activity against Fusarium oxysporum and Its Efficient Control of Fusarium Wilt in Tomato Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010458. [PMID: 36613902 PMCID: PMC9820380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (Forl) is a destructive soil-borne phytopathogenic fungus that causes Fusarium crown and root rot (FCRR) of tomato, leading to considerable field yield losses. In this study, we explored the antifungal capability of linalool, a natural plant volatile organic component, against Forl and its role in controlling FCRR symptoms in tomatoes. Our results showed that Forl mycelial growth was inhibited by the linalool treatment and that the linalool treatment damaged cell membrane integrity, enhanced reactive oxygen species levels, depleted glutathione, and reduced the activities of many antioxidant enzymes in Forl. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses demonstrated that linalool also downregulated metabolic biosynthetic pathways at the transcript and protein levels, including redox, transporter activity, and carbohydrate metabolism in Forl. Moreover, linalool significantly decreased the expression of many Forl pathogenic genes, such as cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) and G proteins, which is likely how a Forl infection was prevented. Importantly, exogenously applied linalool activated the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) defensive pathways to improve disease resistance and relieved the negative effects of Forl on plant growth. Taken together, we report that linalool is an effective fungicide against Forl and will be a promising green chemical agent for controlling FCRR.
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Du Z, Jin Y, Wang W, Xia K, Chen Z. Molecular and metabolic insights into floral scent biosynthesis during flowering in Dendrobium chrysotoxum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1030492. [PMID: 36518498 PMCID: PMC9742519 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1030492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Dendrobium chrysotoxum is considered as an important ornamental dendrobium because of its strong and long-lasting floral scent. Nevertheless, few information is known about the dynamic changes and related formation mechanism of dendrobium floral scent at different flowering stages. In this study, the characteristics and biosynthetic mechanism of floral scent in D. chrysotoxum during flowering was revealed by using widely-targeted volatilomics (WTV) combined with transcriptome analysis. Over 500 kinds of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected in the floral scents of D. chrysotoxum, which improved the knowledge about floral scent components of dendrobium. A total of 153 differential VOCs and 4,487 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between flowers of different flowering stages, respectively. The results for both volatilomics and transcriptomics data indicated that terpenes and related genes played an important role in the formation of floral characteristics of D. chrysotoxum. But in general, the expression of genes showed an opposite trend to the accumulation of metabolites during flowering, suggesting that the regulation of floral scent biosynthesis might have started at the budding stage in D. chrysotoxum. Additionally, a transcriptional metabolic regulatory network consisting of terpenes, terpene synthases and candidate transcription factors was established. This research is the first systematic and comprehensive exploration of floral characteristics and related mechanisms during flowering in D. chrysotoxum. It provides basis for exploration of mechanisms on the floral scents and the breeding of aromatic dendrobium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Du
- Guizhou Horticulture Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuxuan Jin
- Guizhou Horticulture Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Weize Wang
- Guizhou Horticulture Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Kuaifei Xia
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhilin Chen
- Guizhou Horticulture Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
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Li X, Hu Y, Su M, Zhang M, Du J, Zhou H, Zhang X, Ye Z. Genome-wide analysis of terpene synthase gene family to explore candidate genes related to disease resistance in Prunus persica. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1032838. [PMID: 36388503 PMCID: PMC9660250 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1032838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In plants, a family of terpene synthases (TPSs) is responsible for the biosynthesis of terpenes and contributes to species-specific diversity of volatile organic compounds, which play essential roles in fitness of plants. However, little is known about the TPS gene family in peach and/or nectarine (Prunus persica L.). In this study, we identified 40 PpTPS genes in peach genome v2.0. Although these PpTPSs could be clustered into five classes, they distribute in several gene clusters of three chromosomes, share conserved exon-intron organizations, and code similar protein motifs. Thirty-five PpTPSs, especially PpTPS2, PpTPS23, PpTPS17, PpTPS18, and PpTPS19, altered their transcript levels after inoculation with Botryosphaeria dothidea, a cause of peach gummosis, compared to the mock treatments, which might further affect the contents of 133 terpenoids at 48 hours and/or 84 hours post inoculations in the current-year shoots of 'Huyou018', a highly susceptible nectarine cultivar. Moreover, about fifteen PpTPSs, such as PpTPS1, PpTPS2, PpTPS3, and PpTPS5, showed distinct expression patterns during fruit development and ripening in two peach cultivars, yellow-fleshed 'Jinchun' and white-fleshed 'Hikawa Hakuho'. Among them, the transcription level of chloroplast-localized PpTPS3 was obviously related to the content of linalool in fruit pulps. In addition, elevated concentrations (0.1 g/L to 1.0 g/L) of linalool showed antifungal activities in PDA medium. These results improve our understanding of peach PpTPS genes and their potential roles in defense responses against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongwei Li
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Runzhuang Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingshen Su
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghao Zhang
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jihong Du
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijuan Zhou
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianan Zhang
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengwen Ye
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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10
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Li YN, Zhang SB, Lv YY, Zhai HC, Cai JP, Hu YS. Mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects of linalool on Aspergillus flavus spore germination. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:6625-6640. [PMID: 36097174 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Biogenic volatile organic compounds hold remarkable potential for controlling fungal decay in agro- and food products. Recently, we reported that linalool, the major volatile component of the Zanthoxylum schinifolium pericarp, showed great potential as a biofumigant to control Aspergillus flavus growth in postharvest grains. In this study, the inhibitory effects of linalool on A. flavus growth in stored grains and its underlying mechanism were investigated through transcriptomic and biochemical analyses. Linalool vapor at 800 μL/L can effectively prevent A. flavus growth in 22% moisture wheat grains. Linalool at 2 μL/mL completely inhibited the germination of A. flavus spores, and 10 μL/mL caused spore death. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that linalool treatment caused wrinkling and spore breakage. Transcriptomics showed that 3806 genes were significantly differentially expressed in A. flavus spores exposed to 2 μL/mL linalool, predominantly showing enrichment regarding the ribosome, DNA replication, glutathione metabolism, peroxisome, and MAPK signaling pathways. Flow cytometry showed that linalool treatment caused hyperpolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential. 4,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole staining indicated that linalool caused DNA fragmentation in A. flavus spores, and monodansylcadaverine staining confirmed that linalool induced autophagy in A. flavus spores. We thus propose that linalool can damage the plasma membrane, cause mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage, and induce autophagy in A. flavus spores. These findings considerably improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects of linalool on A. flavus, which is crucial regarding the development of applications to prevent postharvest grain spoilage due to A. flavus infestations. KEY POINTS: • The inhibitory potency of linalool on A. flavus spore germination was determined. • Transcriptomic analyses were performed to identify differentially expressed genes of A. flavus exposed to linalool. • A functional mechanism underlying the inhibitory effects of linalool on A. flavus spore germination is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Nan Li
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai-Bing Zhang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang-Yong Lv
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan-Chen Zhai
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Ping Cai
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Sen Hu
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
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11
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Dwivedi V, Kumar SR, Shilpashree HB, Krishna R, Rao S, Shasany AK, Olsson SB, Nagegowda DA. An inducible potato (E,E)-farnesol synthase confers tolerance against bacterial pathogens in potato and tobacco. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:1308-1323. [PMID: 35778946 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Terpene synthases (TPSs) have diverse biological functions in plants. Though the roles of TPSs in herbivore defense are well established in many plant species, their role in bacterial defense has been scarce and is emerging. Through functional genomics, here we report the in planta role of potato (Solanum tuberosum) terpene synthase (StTPS18) in bacterial defense. Expression of StTPS18 was highest in leaves and was induced in response to Pseudomonas syringae and methyl jasmonate treatments. The recombinant StTPS18 exhibited bona fide (E,E)-farnesol synthase activity forming a sesquiterpenoid, (E,E)-farnesol as the sole product, utilising (E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate (FPP). Subcellular localization of GFP fusion protein revealed that StTPS18 is localized to the cytosol. Silencing and overexpression of StTPS18 in potato resulted in reduced and enhanced tolerance, respectively, to bacterial pathogens P. syringae and Ralstonia solanacearum. Bacterial growth assay using medium containing (E,E)-farnesol significantly inhibited P. syringae growth. Moreover, StTPS18 overexpressing transgenic potato and Nicotiana tabacum leaves, and (E,E)-farnesol and P. syringae infiltrated potato leaves exhibited elevated expression of sterol pathway and members of pathogenesis-related genes with enhanced phytosterol accumulation. Interestingly, enhanced phytosterols in 13 C3 -(E,E)-farnesol infiltrated potato leaves were devoid of any noticeable 13 C labeling, indicating no direct utilization of (E,E)-farnesol in phytosterols formation. Furthermore, leaves of StTPS18 overexpressing transgenic lines had no detectable (E,E)-farnesol similar to the control plant, and emitted lower levels of sesquiterpenes than the control. These findings point towards an indirect involvement of StTPS18 and its product (E,E)-farnesol in bacterial defense through upregulation of phytosterol biosynthesis and defense genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Dwivedi
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Sarma Rajeev Kumar
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - H B Shilpashree
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Ram Krishna
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Srinivas Rao
- Naturalist-Inspired Chemical Ecology, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Ajit K Shasany
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Shannon B Olsson
- Naturalist-Inspired Chemical Ecology, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Dinesh A Nagegowda
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
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12
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Yu J, Tu X, Huang AC. Functions and biosynthesis of plant signaling metabolites mediating plant-microbe interactions. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1393-1422. [PMID: 35766105 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00010e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2015-2022Plants and microbes have coevolved since their appearance, and their interactions, to some extent, define plant health. A reasonable fraction of small molecules plants produced are involved in mediating plant-microbe interactions, yet their functions and biosynthesis remain fragmented. The identification of these compounds and their biosynthetic genes will open up avenues for plant fitness improvement by manipulating metabolite-mediated plant-microbe interactions. Herein, we integrate the current knowledge on their chemical structures, bioactivities, and biosynthesis with the view of providing a high-level overview on their biosynthetic origins and evolutionary trajectory, and pinpointing the yet unknown and key enzymatic steps in diverse biosynthetic pathways. We further discuss the theoretical basis and prospects for directing plant signaling metabolite biosynthesis for microbe-aided plant health improvement in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, SUSTech-PKU Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Xingzhao Tu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, SUSTech-PKU Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Ancheng C Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, SUSTech-PKU Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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13
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Valea I, Motegi A, Kawamura N, Kawamoto K, Miyao A, Ozawa R, Takabayashi J, Gomi K, Nemoto K, Nozawa A, Sawasaki T, Shinya T, Galis I, Miyamoto K, Nojiri H, Okada K. The rice wound-inducible transcription factor RERJ1 sharing same signal transduction pathway with OsMYC2 is necessary for defense response to herbivory and bacterial blight. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:651-666. [PMID: 34476681 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01186-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study describes biological functions of the bHLH transcription factor RERJ1 involved in the jasmonate response and the related defense-associated metabolic pathways in rice, with particular focus on deciphering the regulatory mechanisms underlying stress-induced volatile emission and herbivory resistance. RERJ1 is rapidly and drastically induced by wounding and jasmonate treatment but its biological function remains unknown as yet. Here we provide evidence of the biological function of RERJ1 in plant defense, specifically in response to herbivory and pathogen attack, and offer insights into the RERJ1-mediated regulation of metabolic pathways of specialized defense compounds, such as monoterpene linalool, in possible collaboration with OsMYC2-a well-known master regulator in jasmonate signaling. In rice (Oryza sativa L.), the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family transcription factor RERJ1 is induced under environmental stresses, such as wounding and drought, which are closely linked to jasmonate (JA) accumulation. Here, we investigated the biological function of RERJ1 in response to biotic stresses, such as herbivory and pathogen infection, using an RERJ1-defective mutant. Transcriptome analysis of the rerj1-Tos17 mutant revealed that RERJ1 regulated the expression of a typical family of conserved JA-responsive genes (e.g., terpene synthases, proteinase inhibitors, and jasmonate ZIM domain proteins). Upon exposure to armyworm attack, the rerj1-Tos17 mutant exhibited more severe damage than the wildtype, and significant weight gain of the larvae fed on the mutant was observed. Upon Xanthomonas oryzae infection, the rerj1-Tos17 mutant developed more severe symptoms than the wildtype. Among RERJ1-regulated terpene synthases, linalool synthase expression was markedly disrupted and linalool emission after wounding was significantly decreased in the rerj1-Tos17 mutant. RERJ1 appears to interact with OsMYC2-a master regulator of JA signaling-and many OsJAZ proteins, although no obvious epistatic interaction was detected between them at the transcriptional level. These results indicate that RERJ1 is involved in the transcriptional induction of JA-mediated stress-responsive genes via physical association with OsMYC2 and mediates defense against herbivory and bacterial infection through JA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Valea
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Atsushi Motegi
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naoko Kawamura
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Koichi Kawamoto
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Akio Miyao
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8518, Japan
| | - Rika Ozawa
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan
| | - Junji Takabayashi
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan
| | - Kenji Gomi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan
| | - Keiichirou Nemoto
- Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Akira Nozawa
- Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sawasaki
- Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Tomonori Shinya
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Ivan Galis
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Koji Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-8551, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nojiri
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazunori Okada
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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Abstract
Citrus essential oils (EOs) are widely used as flavoring agents in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetical and chemical industries. For this reason, their demand is constantly increasing all over the world. Besides industrial applications, the abundance of EOs in the epicarp is particularly relevant for the quality of citrus fruit. In fact, these compounds represent a natural protection against postharvest deteriorations due to their remarkable antimicrobial, insecticidal and antioxidant activities. Several factors, including genotype, climatic conditions and cultural practices, can influence the assortment and accumulation of EOs in citrus peels. This review is focused on factors influencing variation of the EOs’ composition during ripening and on the implications on postharvest quality of the fruit.
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Zhan Y, Zhao L, Zhao X, Liu J, Francis F, Liu Y. Terpene Synthase Gene OtLIS Confers Wheat Resistance to Sitobion avenae by Regulating Linalool Emission. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13734-13743. [PMID: 34779195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) is a major insect pest of wheat worldwide that reduces crop yield and quality annually. Few germplasm resources with resistant genes to aphids have been identified and characterized. Here, octoploid Trititrigia, a species used in wheat distant hybridization breeding, was found to be repellent to S. avenae after 2 year field investigations and associated with physiological and behavioral assays. Linalool monoterpene was identified to accumulate dominantly in plants in response to S. avenae infestation. We cloned the resistance gene OtLIS by assembling the transcriptome of aphid-infested or healthy octoploid Trititrigia. Functional characterization analysis indicated that OtLIS encoded a terpene synthase and conferred resistance to S. avenae by linalool emission before and after aphid feeding. Our study suggests that the octoploid Trititrigia with the aphid-resistant gene OtLIS may have potential as a target resource for further breeding aphid-resistant wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidi Zhan
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Terra, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des Deportes 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Frederic Francis
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Terra, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des Deportes 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
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Shimada T, Endo T, Fujii H, Rodríguez A, Yoshioka T, Peña L, Omura M. Biological and molecular characterization of linalool-mediated field resistance against Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri in citrus trees. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:2171-2188. [PMID: 33960371 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The biological and molecular traits of the Ponkan mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) were characterized in an investigation of the mechanisms of field resistance against citrus canker disease caused by the bacterial pathogen, Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc). Various conventional citrus varieties that show diverse responses to Xcc were investigated, and the temporal changes in Xcc titer in response to linalool concentrations among the varieties revealed differences in Xcc proliferation trends in the inoculated leaves of the immune, field-resistant and susceptible varieties. In addition, increased linalool accumulation was inversely related to Xcc titers in the field-resistant varieties, which is likely caused by host--pathogen interactions. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using the F1 population of the resistant Ponkan mandarin and susceptible 'Harehime' ('E-647' × 'Miyagawa-wase') cultivar revealed that linalool accumulation and Xcc susceptibility QTLs overlapped. These results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of linalool-mediated field resistance to Xcc, and suggest that high linalool concentrations in leaves has an antibacterial effect and becomes a candidate-biomarker target for citrus breeding to produce seedlings with linalool-mediated field resistance against Xcc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Shimada
- Department of Citriculture, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science (NIFTS), National Agriculture and Bio-oriented Research Organization (NARO), Okitsu nakachou 485-6, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka 424-0292, Japan
| | - Tomoko Endo
- Department of Citriculture, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science (NIFTS), National Agriculture and Bio-oriented Research Organization (NARO), Okitsu nakachou 485-6, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka 424-0292, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujii
- Department of Citriculture, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science (NIFTS), National Agriculture and Bio-oriented Research Organization (NARO), Okitsu nakachou 485-6, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka 424-0292, Japan
| | - Ana Rodríguez
- Fundecitrus, Av. Dr. Adhemar de Barros Pereira, 201.14807-040 Vila Melhado, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement of Cultivated Species, Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP/CSIC-UPV), Ingeniero Fausto Elio, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Terutaka Yoshioka
- Department of Citriculture, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science (NIFTS), National Agriculture and Bio-oriented Research Organization (NARO), Okitsu nakachou 485-6, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka 424-0292, Japan
| | - Leandro Peña
- Fundecitrus, Av. Dr. Adhemar de Barros Pereira, 201.14807-040 Vila Melhado, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement of Cultivated Species, Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP/CSIC-UPV), Ingeniero Fausto Elio, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Mitsuo Omura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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George JK, Shelvy S, Fayad AM, Umadevi P, Angadi UB, Iquebal MA, Jaiswal S, Rai A, Kumar D. De novo transcriptome sequencing assisted identification of terpene synthases from black pepper ( Piper nigrum) berry. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1153-1161. [PMID: 34092955 PMCID: PMC8140027 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00986-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Though the volatile profiles of black pepper have been reported already, the information on terpene synthase family genes is not known. In this study, using a combinatorial approach, the berry hybrid transcriptome assembly of llumina and nanopore sequencing, the entire terpene synthase family responsible for the biosynthesis of the flavor-imparting volatiles in black pepper berries was profiled. The profile shows 98 terpene synthases from various terpene synthesis pathways. Three important monoterpene synthases were also validated by targeted amplification, sequencing and homology modeling. This study provides the first of its kind information on the terpene synthase family profile in Piper nigrum, which is potentially a major step for further characterization of the functional terpene synthase genes in black pepper. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-00986-4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sreekumar Shelvy
- ICAR – Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, Kerala India
| | | | - Palaniyandi Umadevi
- ICAR – Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, Kerala India
- Rice Breeding and Genetics Research Center, ICAR–IARI, Aduthurai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - U. B. Angadi
- ICAR – Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Mir Asif Iquebal
- ICAR – Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarika Jaiswal
- ICAR – Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Rai
- ICAR – Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- ICAR – Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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18
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Li N, Dong Y, Lv M, Qian L, Sun X, Liu L, Cai Y, Fan H. Combined Analysis of Volatile Terpenoid Metabolism and Transcriptome Reveals Transcription Factors Related to Terpene Synthase in Two Cultivars of Dendrobium officinale Flowers. Front Genet 2021; 12:661296. [PMID: 33968137 PMCID: PMC8101708 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.661296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium officinale is a kind of traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Its flowers could be used as health care tea for its aroma flavor and medicinal value. Most recent studies demonstrated that terpenoids are the main components of the aromatic compounds in the flowers, but the biosynthesis of terpenoids is poorly understood in D. officinale. In the experiment, the flowers from two cultivars of D. officinale with different smells were collected. The transcriptome analysis and combined volatile terpenoids determination were performed to identify the genes related to the biosynthesis of the terpenoids. The results showed that the different products of volatile terpenoids are α-thujene, linalool, α-terpineol, α-phellandrene, γ-muurolene, α-patchoulene, and δ-elemene in two cultivar flowers. The transcriptome analysis detected 25,484 genes in the flowers. And 18,650 differentially expressed genes were identified between the two cultivars. Of these genes, 253 genes were mapped to the terpenoid metabolism pathway. Among these genes, 13 terpene synthase (TPS) genes may have correlations with AP2/ERF, WRKY, MYB, bHLH, and bZIP transcription factors by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The transcription factors have regulatory effects on TPS genes. These results may provide ideas for the terpenoid biosynthesis and regulatory network of D. officinale flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninghong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yingxue Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Min Lv
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Qian
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xu Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yongping Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Honghong Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Nomura R, Ohata J, Otsugu M, Okawa R, Naka S, Matsumoto-Nakano M, Nakano K. Inhibitory effects of flavedo, albedo, fruits, and leaves of Citrus unshiu extracts on Streptococcus mutans. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 124:105056. [PMID: 33517170 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTVES Citrus unshiu has been shown to exhibit antimicrobial effects against citrus diseases. In the present study, C. unshiu was divided into flavedo, albedo, fruits, and leaves; the inhibitory effects of these extracts on Streptococcus mutans, a major pathogen of dental caries, were investigated. DESIGN C. unshiu specimens were separated into flavedo, albedo, fruits, and leaves. First, pH values and polyphenol amounts in Citrus extracts were measured. In addition, Citrus extract was added to the bacterial suspensions of S. mutans MT8148, and inhibitory effects of C. unshiu extracts on MT8148 for antimicrobial activity, bacterial growth, and biofilm formation were analyzed. These assays were also performed using C. sinensis extracts. RESULTS Among these extracts, albedo exhibited a pH value closest to neutral, while the fruits exhibited the most acidic pH value; the pH values significantly differed between these extracts (P < 0.05). In addition, the amounts of polyphenols were significantly higher in albedo than in other extracts (P < 0.001). All extracts showed inhibitory effects on MT8148 for antimicrobial activity, bacterial growth and biofilm formation. These inhibitory effects were significantly stronger in flavedo, albedo, and fruits, compared with leaves (P < 0.05). Furthermore, extracts of Citrus sinensis also showed inhibitory effects on S. mutans, although these effects were weaker than the effects of C. unshiu. CONCLUSION These results suggest that extracts from C. unshiu fruits exhibit inhibitory effects on S. mutans, among which albedo may be especially useful for dental caries prevention due to its neutral pH and abundant polyphenols, in addition to its inhibitory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Nomura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Jumpei Ohata
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Otsugu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rena Okawa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuhei Naka
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Michiyo Matsumoto-Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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20
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Freitas TP, Taver IB, Spricigo PC, do Amaral LB, Purgatto E, Jacomino AP. Volatile Compounds and Physicochemical Quality of Four Jabuticabas ( Plinia sp.). Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194543. [PMID: 33023070 PMCID: PMC7582703 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The jabuticaba is a native Brazilian fruit that has aroused worldwide interest in terms of its nutritional composition and biological activity. However, research on the profile of volatile compounds (VOCs) emitted by these fruits is rare. This study presents the first identification of VOCs from four jabuticaba species. The aim of the study was to characterize the aromatic profile of the following species: ‘Sabará’ (Plinia jaboticaba), ‘Escarlate’ (Plinia phitrantha × Plinia cauliflora), ‘Otto Andersen’ (Plinia cauliflora), and ‘Esalq’ (Plinia phitrantha). The analysis was performed by headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS). Multivariate analysis techniques applying the partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and heatmap were used to compare the results. Fruit quality parameters were determined in terms of fresh mass (g), skin color, soluble solids, and titratable acidity. A total of 117 VOCs was identified including terpenoids, esters, alcohols, aldehydes, alkanes, ketones, and carboxylic acids, with 36 VOCs common to all four species. Terpenes were the majority for all jabuticabas with smaller contributions from other volatile classes, especially β-cubebene, β-elemene, and D-limonene for the ‘Otto Andersen’ jabuticaba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Pádua Freitas
- Department of Crop Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil; (T.P.F.); (I.B.T.); (P.C.S.)
| | - Isabela Barroso Taver
- Department of Crop Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil; (T.P.F.); (I.B.T.); (P.C.S.)
| | - Poliana Cristina Spricigo
- Department of Crop Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil; (T.P.F.); (I.B.T.); (P.C.S.)
| | - Lucas Bueno do Amaral
- Department of Food Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (L.B.d.A.); (E.P.)
| | - Eduardo Purgatto
- Department of Food Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (L.B.d.A.); (E.P.)
| | - Angelo Pedro Jacomino
- Department of Crop Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil; (T.P.F.); (I.B.T.); (P.C.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-19-3447-6708
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Huang L, Ho CT, Wang Y. Biosynthetic pathways and metabolic engineering of spice flavors. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2047-2060. [PMID: 32462891 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1769547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Historically, spices have played an important economic role, due to their large applications and unique flavor. The supply and cost of spice materials and their corresponding natural products are often affected by environmental, geopolitical and climatic conditions. Secondary metabolite composition, including certain flavor compounds in spice plants, is recognized and considered closely related to plant classification. Both genes and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of spice flavors are constantly identified, which provides insight into metabolic engineering of flavor compounds (i.e. aroma and pungent compounds) from spice plants. In this review, a systematic meta-analysis was carried out based on a comprehensive literature survey of the flavor profiles of 36 spice plants from nine families. We also reviewed typical biosynthetic pathways and metabolic engineering of most representative aroma and pungent compounds that may assist in the future study of spice plants as biosynthetic factories facing a new challenge in creating spice products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhua Huang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Xiema, Beibei, Chongqing, China.,Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Florida, USA
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Florida, USA
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22
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Liu M, Liu X, Hu J, Xue Y, Zhao X. Genetic diversity of limonene synthase genes in Rongan kumquat (Fortunella crassifolia). FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:425-439. [PMID: 32248892 DOI: 10.1071/fp19051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
D-limonene is the main component of citrus essential oils. In the monoterpene biosynthetic pathway, geranyl diphosphate reacts with monoterpenes to form the prenyl-carbocation intermediate to produce d-limonene. In this study, d-limonene synthase (FcLS) genes were first isolated from Rongan kumquat (Fortunella crassifolia Swingle). Sequencing analysis revealed that the open reading frames of 18 FcLS genes contain 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms, which resulted in the variation of FcLS proteins, indicating that the limonene synthase genes are a large family in F. crassifolia. This phenomenon has not been reported in Citrus. The predicted FcLS proteins showed a high amino acid sequence identity with other Citrus limonene synthases and also had the typical structures of limonene synthase protein. FcLS1 was validated to be a functional d-limonene synthase by prokaryotic expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Liu
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China; and National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China; and National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Junhua Hu
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China; and National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Yang Xue
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China; and National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhao
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China; and National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, China; and Corresponding author.
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23
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Xu Y, Zhu C, Xu C, Sun J, Grierson D, Zhang B, Chen K. Integration of Metabolite Profiling and Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Genes Related to Volatile Terpenoid Metabolism in Finger Citron ( C. medica var. sarcodactylis). Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142564. [PMID: 31311090 PMCID: PMC6680504 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Finger citron (Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis) is a popular ornamental tree and an important source of essential oils rich in terpenoids, but the mechanisms behind volatile formation are poorly understood. We investigated gene expression changes combined with volatile profiling of ten samples from three developing organs: flower, leaf, and fruit. A total of 62 volatiles were identified with limonene and γ-terpinene being the most abundant ones. Six volatiles were identified using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) that could be used as markers for distinguishing finger citron from other citrus species. RNA-Seq revealed 1,611,966,118 high quality clean reads that were assembled into 32,579 unigenes. From these a total of 58 terpene synthase (TPS) gene family members were identified and the spatial and temporal distribution of their transcripts was measured in developing organs. Transcript levels of transcription factor genes AP2/ERF (251), bHLH (169), bZIP (76), MYB (155), NAC (184), and WRKY (66) during finger citron development were also analyzed. From extracted subnetworks of three modules constructed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), thirteen TPS genes and fifteen transcription factors were suggested to be related to volatile terpenoid formation. These results provide a framework for future investigations into the identification and regulatory network of terpenoids in finger citron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaying Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Changqing Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Changjie Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Zhejiang Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Donald Grierson
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Bo Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Kunsong Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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24
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Wu B, Cao X, Liu H, Zhu C, Klee H, Zhang B, Chen K. UDP-glucosyltransferase PpUGT85A2 controls volatile glycosylation in peach. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:925-936. [PMID: 30481327 PMCID: PMC6363097 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The monoterpene linalool is a major contributor to aroma and flavor in peach (Prunus persica) fruit. It accumulates during fruit ripening, where up to ~40% of the compound is present in a non-volatile glycosylated form, which affects flavor quality and consumer perception by retronasal perception during tasting. Despite the importance of this sequestration to flavor, the UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) responsible for linalool glycosylation has not been identified in peach. UGT gene expression during peach fruit ripening and among different peach cultivars was analyzed using RNA sequencing, and transcripts correlated with linalyl-β-d-glucoside were selected as candidates for functional analysis. Kinetic resolution of a racemic mixture of R,S-linalool was shown for PpUGT85A2, with a slight preference for S-(+)-linalool. PpUGT85A2 was shown to catalyze synthesis of linalyl-β-d-glucoside in vitro, although it did not exhibit the highest enzyme activity between tested substrates. Subcellular localization of PpUGT85A2 in the cytoplasm and nucleus was detected. Application of linalool to peach leaf disks promoted PpUGT85A2 expression and linalyl-β-d-glucoside generation. Transient expression in peach fruit and stable overexpression in tobacco and Arabidopsis resulted in significant accumulation of linalyl-β-d-glucoside in vivo. Taken together, the results indicate that PpUGT85A2 expression is a major control point predicting linalyl-β-d-glucoside content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boping Wu
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiangmei Cao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Hongru Liu
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Changqing Zhu
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Harry Klee
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- Horticultural Sciences, Plant Innovation Center, Genetic Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
- Correspondence:
| | - Kunsong Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, PR China
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25
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Rodríguez A, Kava V, Latorre‐García L, da Silva GJ, Pereira RG, Glienke C, Ferreira‐Maba LS, Vicent A, Shimada T, Peña L. Engineering d-limonene synthase down-regulation in orange fruit induces resistance against the fungus Phyllosticta citricarpa through enhanced accumulation of monoterpene alcohols and activation of defence. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:2077-2093. [PMID: 29573543 PMCID: PMC6638045 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Terpene volatiles play an important role in the interactions between specialized pathogens and fruits. Citrus black spot (CBS), caused by the fungus Phyllosticta citricarpa, is associated with crop losses in different citrus-growing areas worldwide. The pathogen may infect the fruit for 20-24 weeks after petal fall, but the typical hard spot symptoms appear when the fruit have almost reached maturity, caused by fungal colonization and the induction of cell lysis around essential oil cavities. d-Limonene represents approximately 95% of the total oil gland content in mature orange fruit. Herein, we investigated whether orange fruit with reduced d-limonene content in peel oil glands via an antisense (AS) approach may affect fruit interaction with P. citricarpa relative to empty vector (EV) controls. AS fruit showed enhanced resistance to the fungus relative to EV fruit. Because of the reduced d-limonene content, an over-accumulation of linalool and other monoterpene alcohols was found in AS relative to EV fruit. A global gene expression analysis at 2 h and 8 days after inoculation with P. citricarpa revealed the activation of defence responses in AS fruit via the up-regulation of different pathogenesis-related (PR) protein genes, probably as a result of enhanced constitutive accumulation of linalool and other alcohols. When assayed in vitro and in vivo, monoterpene alcohols at the concentrations present in AS fruit showed strong antifungal activity. We show here that terpene engineering in fruit peels could be a promising method for the development of new strategies to obtain resistance to fruit diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rodríguez
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura (Fundecitrus)AraraquaraSão Paulo 14807–040Brazil
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBMCP‐CSIC)Valencia 46022Spain
| | - Vanessa Kava
- Depto. de Genética, Universidade Federal do ParanáCuritibaParaná 81.531‐980Brazil
| | - Lorena Latorre‐García
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBMCP‐CSIC)Valencia 46022Spain
| | - Geraldo J. da Silva
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura (Fundecitrus)AraraquaraSão Paulo 14807–040Brazil
| | - Rosana G. Pereira
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura (Fundecitrus)AraraquaraSão Paulo 14807–040Brazil
| | - Chirlei Glienke
- Depto. de Genética, Universidade Federal do ParanáCuritibaParaná 81.531‐980Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Vicent
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA)Moncada, Valencia 46113Spain
| | - Takehiko Shimada
- National Institute of Fruit Tree Science (NIFTS), National Agriculture and Bio‐oriented Research Organization (NARO)Shizuoka, Shizuoka 424‐0292Japan
| | - Leandro Peña
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura (Fundecitrus)AraraquaraSão Paulo 14807–040Brazil
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBMCP‐CSIC)Valencia 46022Spain
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26
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Taghavi E, Mirhosseini H, Rukayadi Y, Radu S, Biabanikhankahdani R. Effect of Microfluidization Condition on Physicochemical Properties and Inhibitory Activity of Nanoemulsion Loaded with Natural Antibacterial Mixture. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-017-2037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Antifungal activity of Michelia alba oil in the vapor phase and the synergistic effect of major essential oil components against Aspergillus flavus on brown rice. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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First Characterisation of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by Banana Plants. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46400. [PMID: 28508885 PMCID: PMC5432836 DOI: 10.1038/srep46400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Banana (Musa sp.) ranks fourth in term of worldwide fruit production, and has economical and nutritional key values. The Cavendish cultivars correspond to more than 90% of the production of dessert banana while cooking cultivars are widely consumed locally around the banana belt production area. Many plants, if not all, produce Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) as a means of communication with their environment. Although flower and fruit VOCs have been studied for banana, the VOCs produced by the plant have never been identified despite their importance in plant health and development. A volatile collection methodology was optimized to improve the sensitivity and reproducibility of VOCs analysis from banana plants. We have identified 11 VOCs for the Cavendish, mainly (E,E)-α-farnesene (87.90 ± 11.28 ng/μl), methyl salicylate (33.82 ± 14.29) and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (29.60 ± 11.66), and 14 VOCs for the Pacific Plantain cultivar, mainly (Z,E)-α-farnesene (799.64 ± 503.15), (E,E)-α-farnesene (571.24 ± 381.70) and (E) β ocimene (241.76 ± 158.49). This exploratory study paves the way for an in-depth characterisation of VOCs emitted by Musa plants.
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29
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Shimada T, Endo T, Rodríguez A, Fujii H, Goto S, Matsuura T, Hojo Y, Ikeda Y, Mori IC, Fujikawa T, Peña L, Omura M. Ectopic accumulation of linalool confers resistance to Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri in transgenic sweet orange plants. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 37:654-664. [PMID: 28131994 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In order to clarify whether high linalool content in citrus leaves alone induces strong field resistance to citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), and to assess whether this trait can be transferred to a citrus type highly sensitive to the bacterium, transgenic 'Hamlin' sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) plants over-expressing a linalool synthase gene (CuSTS3-1) were generated. Transgenic lines (LIL) with the highest linalool content showed strong resistance to citrus canker when spray inoculated with the bacterium. In LIL plants inoculated by wounding (multiple-needle inoculation), the linalool level was correlated with the repression of the bacterial titer and up-regulation of defense-related genes. The exogenous application of salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate or linalool triggered responses similar to those constitutively induced in LIL plants. The linalool content in Ponkan mandarin leaves was significantly higher than that of leaves from six other representative citrus genotypes with different susceptibilities to Xcc. We propose that linalool-mediated resistance might be unique to citrus tissues accumulating large amounts of volatile organic compounds in oil cells. Linalool might act not only as a direct antibacterial agent, but also as a signal molecule involved in triggering a non-host resistance response against Xcc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Shimada
- Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science (NIFTS), National Agriculture and Bio-Oriented Research Organization (NARO), Shizuoka 424-0292, Japan
| | - Tomoko Endo
- Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science (NIFTS), National Agriculture and Bio-Oriented Research Organization (NARO), Shizuoka 424-0292, Japan
| | - Ana Rodríguez
- Fundecitrus, Av. Dr. Adhemar de Barros Pereira, 201, 14807-040 Vila Melhado, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP/CSIC-UPV), Ingeniero Fausto Elio, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Hiroshi Fujii
- Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science (NIFTS), National Agriculture and Bio-Oriented Research Organization (NARO), Shizuoka 424-0292, Japan
| | - Shingo Goto
- Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science (NIFTS), National Agriculture and Bio-Oriented Research Organization (NARO), Shizuoka 424-0292, Japan
| | - Takakazu Matsuura
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Yuko Hojo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Yoko Ikeda
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Izumi C Mori
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujikawa
- Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science (NIFTS), National Agriculture and Bio-Oriented Research Organization (NARO), Shizuoka 424-0292, Japan
| | - Leandro Peña
- Fundecitrus, Av. Dr. Adhemar de Barros Pereira, 201, 14807-040 Vila Melhado, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP/CSIC-UPV), Ingeniero Fausto Elio, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Mitsuo Omura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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The Effect of Citrus Essential Oils and Their Constituents on Growth of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040591. [PMID: 28420101 PMCID: PMC6154457 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus bacterial canker (CBC) caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), is the most devastating of the citrus diseases worldwide. During our study, we found that Essential oils (EOs) of some citrus cultivars are effective on Xcc. Therefore, it prompted us to determine the plant metabolites responsible for the antibacterial properties. We obtained EOs from some locally cultivated citrus by using a Clevenger apparatus and their major constituents were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The effect of Citrus aurantium, C. aurantifolia, Fortunella sp. EOs and their major constituents were evaluated against Xcc-KVXCC1 using a disk diffusion assay. Minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentration of the EOs and their constituents were determined using the broth microdilution method. C. aurantium, C. aurantifolia Eos, and their major constituents including citral, linalool, citronellal, geraniol, α-terpineol, and linalyl acetate indicated antibacterial effects against Xcc. The C. aurantifolia EO and citral showed the highest antibacterial activity among the tested EOs and constituents with inhibition zones of 15 ± 0.33 mm and 16.67 ± 0.88 mm, respectively. Synergistic effects of the constituents were observed between α-terpineol-citral, citral-citronellal, citral-geraniol, and citronellal-geraniol by using a microdilution checkerboard assay. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that exposure of Xcc cells to citral caused cell wall damage and altered cytoplasmic density. We introduced C. aurantifolia and C. aurantium EOs, and their constituents citral, α-terpineol, citronellal, geraniol, and linalool as possible control agents for CBC.
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31
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Alquézar B, Rodríguez A, de la Peña M, Peña L. Genomic Analysis of Terpene Synthase Family and Functional Characterization of Seven Sesquiterpene Synthases from Citrus sinensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1481. [PMID: 28883829 PMCID: PMC5573811 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Citrus aroma and flavor, chief traits of fruit quality, are derived from their high content in essential oils of most plant tissues, including leaves, stems, flowers, and fruits. Accumulated in secretory cavities, most components of these oils are volatile terpenes. They contribute to defense against herbivores and pathogens, and perhaps also protect tissues against abiotic stress. In spite of their importance, our understanding of the physiological, biochemical, and genetic regulation of citrus terpene volatiles is still limited. The availability of the sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) genome sequence allowed us to characterize for the first time the terpene synthase (TPS) family in a citrus type. CsTPS is one of the largest angiosperm TPS families characterized so far, formed by 95 loci from which just 55 encode for putative functional TPSs. All TPS angiosperm families, TPS-a, TPS-b, TPS-c, TPS-e/f, and TPS-g were represented in the sweet orange genome, with 28, 18, 2, 2, and 5 putative full length genes each. Additionally, sweet orange β-farnesene synthase, (Z)-β-cubebene/α-copaene synthase, two β-caryophyllene synthases, and three multiproduct enzymes yielding β-cadinene/α-copaene, β-elemene, and β-cadinene/ledene/allo-aromandendrene as major products were identified, and functionally characterized via in vivo recombinant Escherichia coli assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Alquézar
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Pesquisa y Desenvolvimento, Fundo de Defesa da CitriculturaAraraquara, Brazil
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaValencia, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Pesquisa y Desenvolvimento, Fundo de Defesa da CitriculturaAraraquara, Brazil
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaValencia, Spain
| | - Marcos de la Peña
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaValencia, Spain
| | - Leandro Peña
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Pesquisa y Desenvolvimento, Fundo de Defesa da CitriculturaAraraquara, Brazil
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaValencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Leandro Peña
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32
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Omura M, Shimada T. Citrus breeding, genetics and genomics in Japan. BREEDING SCIENCE 2016; 66:3-17. [PMID: 27069387 PMCID: PMC4780800 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.66.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Citrus is one of the most cultivated fruits in the world, and satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) is a major cultivated citrus in Japan. Many excellent cultivars derived from satsuma mandarin have been released through the improvement of mandarins using a conventional breeding method. The citrus breeding program is a lengthy process owing to the long juvenility, and it is predicted that marker-assisted selection (MAS) will overcome the obstacle and improve the efficiency of conventional breeding methods. To promote citrus molecular breeding in Japan, a genetic mapping was initiated in 1987, and the experimental tools and resources necessary for citrus functional genomics have been developed in relation to the physiological analysis of satsuma mandarin. In this paper, we review the progress of citrus breeding and genome researches in Japan and report the studies on genetic mapping, expression sequence tag cataloguing, and molecular characterization of breeding characteristics, mainly in terms of the metabolism of bio-functional substances as well as factors relating to, for example, fruit quality, disease resistance, polyembryony, and flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Omura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University,
836 Ohya, Suruga, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8529,
Japan
| | - Takehiko Shimada
- Citrus Research Division, NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science,
485-6 Okitsunakacho, Shimizu, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 424-0292,
Japan
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33
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Algarra Alarcon A, Lazazzara V, Cappellin L, Bianchedi PL, Schuhmacher R, Wohlfahrt G, Pertot I, Biasioli F, Perazzolli M. Emission of volatile sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes in grapevine genotypes following Plasmopara viticola inoculation in vitro. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2015; 50:1013-1022. [PMID: 28338277 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is one of the most widely cultivated fruit crops globally, and one of its most important diseases in terms of economic losses is downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola. Several wild Vitis species have been found to be resistant to this pathogen and have been used in breeding programs to introduce resistance traits to susceptible cultivars. Plant defense is based on different mechanisms, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play a major role in the response to insects and pathogens. Although grapevine resistance mechanisms and the production of secondary metabolites have been widely characterized in resistant genotypes, the emission of VOCs has not yet been investigated following P. viticola inoculation. A Proton Transfer Reaction-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) was used to analyze the VOCs emitted by in vitro-grown plants of grapevine genotypes with different levels of resistance. Downy mildew inoculation significantly increased the emission of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes by the resistant SO4 and Kober 5BB genotypes, but not by the susceptible V. vinifera Pinot noir. Volatile terpenes were implicated in plant defense responses against pathogens, suggesting that they could play a major role in the resistance against downy mildew by direct toxicity or by inducing grapevine resistance. The grapevine genotypes differed in terms of the VOC emission pattern of both inoculated and uninoculated plants, indicating that PTR-ToF-MS could be used to screen hybrids with different levels of downy mildew resistance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Algarra Alarcon
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach, 1, 38010, S. Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr 15, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Valentina Lazazzara
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach, 1, 38010, S. Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Luca Cappellin
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach, 1, 38010, S. Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Bianchedi
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach, 1, 38010, S. Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Rainer Schuhmacher
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Georg Wohlfahrt
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr 15, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
- European Academy Bolzano, Drususallee 1, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pertot
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach, 1, 38010, S. Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Franco Biasioli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach, 1, 38010, S. Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Michele Perazzolli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach, 1, 38010, S. Michele all'Adige, Italy
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Uji Y, Ozawa R, Shishido H, Taniguchi S, Takabayashi J, Akimitsu K, Gomi K. Isolation of a sesquiterpene synthase expressing in specialized epithelial cells surrounding the secretory cavities in rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 180:67-71. [PMID: 25899729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Volatile terpenoids such as monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes play multiple roles in plant responses and are synthesized by terpene synthases (TPSs). We have previously isolated a partial TPS gene, RlemTPS4, that responds to microbial attack in rough lemon. In this study, we isolated a full length RlemTPS4 cDNA from rough lemon. RlemTPS4 localized in the cytosol. The recombinant RlemTPS4 protein was obtained using a prokaryotic expression system and GC-MS analysis of the terpenes produced by the RlemTPS4 enzymatic reaction determined that RlemTPS4 produces some sesquiterpenes such as δ-elemene. The RlemTPS4 gene was specifically expressed in specialized epithelial cells surrounding the oil secretory cavities in rough lemon leaf tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Uji
- Faculty of Agriculture and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Rika Ozawa
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan
| | - Hodaka Shishido
- Faculty of Agriculture and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Shiduku Taniguchi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Junji Takabayashi
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan
| | - Kazuya Akimitsu
- Faculty of Agriculture and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Kenji Gomi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.
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