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Li J, Lou S, Gong J, Liang J, Zhang J, Zhou X, Li J, Wang L, Zhai M, Duan L, Lei B. Coronatine-treated seedlings increase the tolerance of cotton to low-temperature stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108832. [PMID: 38896915 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Coronatine, an analog of Jasmonic acid (JA), has been shown to enhance crop tolerance to abiotic stresses, including chilling stress. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of Coronatine on cotton seedlings under low temperature using transcriptomic and metabolomics analysis. Twelve cDNA libraries from cotton seedlings were constructed, and pairwise comparisons revealed a total of 48,322 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis identified the involvement of these unigenes in various metabolic pathways, including Starch and sucrose metabolism, Sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis, Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism, ABC transporters, and Plant hormone signal transduction. Additionally, substantial accumulations of jasmonates (JAs), abscisic acid and major cell wall metabolites were observed. Transcriptome analysis revealed differential expression of regulatory genes, and qRT-PCR analysis confirmed the expression patterns of 9 selected genes. Co-expression analysis showed that the JA-responsive genes might form a network module with ABA biosynthesis genes or cell wall biosynthesis genes, suggesting the existence of a COR-JA-cellulose and COR-JA-ABA-cellulose regulatory pathway in cotton seedlings. Collectively, our findings uncover new insights into the molecular basis of coronatine--associated cold tolerance in cotton seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Research Institute of Nuclear Technology and Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Desert Oasis Ministry of Agriculture, and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830091, China; Xinjiang Crop Chemical Regulation Engineering Technology Research Center and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830091, China; The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830091, China
| | - Shanwei Lou
- Xinjiang Crop Chemical Regulation Engineering Technology Research Center and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830091, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology & Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of PGR, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, and China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingyun Gong
- Research Institute of Nuclear Technology and Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Desert Oasis Ministry of Agriculture, and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830091, China; Xinjiang Crop Chemical Regulation Engineering Technology Research Center and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830091, China; The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830091, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Research Institute of Nuclear Technology and Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Desert Oasis Ministry of Agriculture, and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830091, China; Xinjiang Crop Chemical Regulation Engineering Technology Research Center and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830091, China; The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830091, China
| | - Jungao Zhang
- Research Institute of Nuclear Technology and Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Desert Oasis Ministry of Agriculture, and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830091, China; Xinjiang Crop Chemical Regulation Engineering Technology Research Center and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830091, China; The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830091, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhou
- Research Institute of Nuclear Technology and Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Desert Oasis Ministry of Agriculture, and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830091, China; Xinjiang Crop Chemical Regulation Engineering Technology Research Center and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830091, China; The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830091, China
| | - Jie Li
- Xinjiang Crop Chemical Regulation Engineering Technology Research Center and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830091, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Agricultural, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830091, China
| | - Menghua Zhai
- College of Agricultural, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830091, China
| | - Liusheng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology & Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of PGR, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, and China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Bin Lei
- Research Institute of Nuclear Technology and Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Desert Oasis Ministry of Agriculture, and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830091, China; Xinjiang Crop Chemical Regulation Engineering Technology Research Center and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830091, China; The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830091, China.
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Wang H, Li Y, Wassie M, Huo L, Shi H. Salicylic Acid Spray Delays Sand Pear Fruit Senescence during Room Temperature Shelf Life by Regulating Antioxidant Capacity and Senescence-Related Genes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:848. [PMID: 38592916 PMCID: PMC10975672 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
'Whangkeumbae' (Pyrus pyrifolia) is a variety of sand pear fruit well-known for its smooth surface and good taste. However, the fruit quality is adversely affected by postharvest ethylene production. Therefore, improving postharvest shelf life by regulating fruit senescence is critical to promoting the 'Whangkeumbae' fruit industry. Here, we investigated the effect of salicylic acid (SA) spray on fruit senescence in sand pears during room temperature shelf life. Exogenous SA reduced polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content during room temperature shelf life. Additionally, SA effectively maintained the fruit skin coloration and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). SA treatment inhibited PpPPO1 expression and upregulated PpSOD1, PpAPX6, and PpGST2 expression. Furthermore, SA application downregulated the expression of PpACO2, PpEIN3a, PpNCED1, and PpAOC2, while upregulating PpNPR-1, PpTAR2, and PpCOMT1 during room temperature shelf life. SA treatment also influenced cell wall metabolism and modification genes by inhibiting PpPG1, PpPME2, and PpCEL3 and inducing PpPGIP1 expression. Additionally, SA treatment affected sugar and acid metabolism genes and increased the expression of PpSPS1, PpSUS1, PpSOT1, PpTMT4, PpSWEET15, and PpcyNAD-MDH, but suppressed the expression of PpcyNADP-ME. The Pearson correlation analysis indicated that PPO activity and MDA content were positively correlated with the expression of PpPPO1, PpACO2, PpEIN3a, PpNCED1, PpAOC2, PpPG1, PpPME2, PpCEL3, and PpcyNDA-MDH. Conversely, these factors were negatively associated with the activities of SOD, POD, CAT, and APX, as well as the expression levels of PpSOD1, PpPOD1, PpCAT1, PpAPX6, PpGST2, PpNPR-1, PpTAR2, PpCOMT1, PpPGIP1, PpSPS1, PpSUS1, PpSOT1, PpTMT4, PpSWEET15, and PpcyNAD-MDH. Our results reveal that exogenous SA could delay fruit senescence in sand pear fruit by regulating various biochemical and molecular mechanisms and can be used to effectively extend fruit shelf life during room temperature storage. However, further research is necessary to determine whether the fruits sprayed with SA are suitable for direct human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yawei Li
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Misganaw Wassie
- Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 666300, China
| | - Liyue Huo
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Haiyan Shi
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
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Paganová V, Hus M, Lichtnerová H, Žiarovská J, Moravčíková D, Kučka M, Ražná K, Abbas A. Physiological and Molecular Responses of Pyrus pyraster Seedlings to Salt Treatment Analyzed by miRNA and Cytochrome P450 Gene-Based Markers. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:261. [PMID: 38256814 PMCID: PMC10820964 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Physiological and molecular marker-based changes were studied in the tissues of two-year-old Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd. seedlings under salt treatment. For 60 days, 5 mL of 100 mM NaCl solution was applied to each plant per day to a cumulative volume of 300 mL in the substrate. In response to osmotic stress, the seedlings increased their water use efficiency (WUE) on day 20 of regular NaCl application and maintained a stable net photosynthetic rate (An) per unit area. Under conditions of increasing salinity, the young plants maintained a balanced water regime of the leaf tissues (Ψwl). The seedlings invested mass to their root growth (R/S), retained a substantial portion (72%) of Na+ ions in the roots, and protected their leaves against intoxication and damage. A significant decrease in the leaf gas exchange parameters (gs, E, An) was manifested on day 60 of the experiment when the cumulative NaCl intake was 300 mL per plant. The variability in the reactions of the seedlings to salinity is related to the use of open-pollinated progeny (54 genotypes) in the experiment. Lus-miR168 showed tissue- and genotype-specific genome responses to the applied stress. Polymorphic miRNA-based loci were mostly detected in the root samples on the 20th and 35th days of the experiment. The cumulative effect of the salt treatment was reflected in the predominance of polymorphic loci in the leaves. We can confirm that miRNA-based markers represent a sensitive detection tool for plant stress response on an individual level. The screening and selection of the optimal type of miRNA for this type of research is crucial. The cytochrome P450-Based Analog (PBA) techniques were unable to detect polymorphism among the control and treated seedlings, except for the primer pair CYP2BF+R, where, in the roots of the stressed plant, insertions in the amplicons were obtained. The expression ratios of cytochrome P450 in the salt-stressed plants were higher in the roots in the case of 20/100 mL and in the leaves with higher doses. The observed physiological and molecular responses to salinity reflect the potential of P. pyraster seedlings in adaptation to osmotic and ionic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viera Paganová
- Institute of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.H.); (H.L.)
| | - Marek Hus
- Institute of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.H.); (H.L.)
| | - Helena Lichtnerová
- Institute of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.H.); (H.L.)
| | - Jana Žiarovská
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (J.Ž.); (D.M.); (M.K.); (K.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Dagmar Moravčíková
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (J.Ž.); (D.M.); (M.K.); (K.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Matúš Kučka
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (J.Ž.); (D.M.); (M.K.); (K.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Katarína Ražná
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (J.Ž.); (D.M.); (M.K.); (K.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Aqsa Abbas
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (J.Ž.); (D.M.); (M.K.); (K.R.); (A.A.)
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Zhang Z, Chen Z, Song H, Cheng S. From plant survival to thriving: exploring the miracle of brassinosteroids for boosting abiotic stress resilience in horticultural crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1218229. [PMID: 37546254 PMCID: PMC10401277 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1218229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses pose significant threat to horticultural crop production worldwide. These stresses adversely affect plant growth, development, and ultimately declined crop growth, yield and quality. In recent years, plant scientists have been actively investigating innovative strategies to enhance abiotic stress resilience in crops, and one promising avenue of research focuses on the use of brassinosteroids (BRs). BRs are a class of plant hormones that play crucial roles in various physiological processes, including cell elongation, differentiation, and stress responses. They have emerged as potent regulators of plant growth and development, and their role in improving abiotic stress tolerance is gaining considerable attention. BRs have been shown to mitigate the negative effects of abiotic stresses by modulating key physiological and biochemical processes, including stomatal regulation, antioxidant defense, osmotic adjustment, and nutrient uptake. Abiotic stresses disrupt numerous physiological functions and lead to undesirable phenotypic traits in plants. The use of BRs as a tool to improve crop resilience offers significant promise for sustainable agriculture in the face of increasing abiotic stresses caused by climate change. By unraveling the phenomenon of BRs, this review emphasizes the potential of BRs as an innovative approach for boosting abiotic stress tolerance and improving the overall productivity and quality of horticultural crops. Further research and field trials are necessary to fully harness the benefits of BRs and translate these findings into practical applications for crop production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Ping Dingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Eco-economic Woody Plant, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
| | - Zhongyu Chen
- People’s Park Management Office of Nanyang City Garden and Greening Center, Garden and Greening Center of Nanyang City, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Haina Song
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Ping Dingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Eco-economic Woody Plant, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
| | - Shiping Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Ping Dingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Eco-economic Woody Plant, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
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Feng Y, Liu L, Yu J, Chen R, Hu C, Wang H, Li D, Wang Z, Zhao Z. Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal the mechanism of debagged ‘Fuji’ apple sunburn. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Zhang H, Wafula EK, Eilers J, Harkess A, Ralph PE, Timilsena PR, dePamphilis CW, Waite JM, Honaas LA. Building a foundation for gene family analysis in Rosaceae genomes with a novel workflow: A case study in Pyrus architecture genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:975942. [PMID: 36452099 PMCID: PMC9702816 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.975942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of sequencing technologies has led to a deeper understanding of plant genomes. However, direct experimental evidence connecting genes to important agronomic traits is still lacking in most non-model plants. For instance, the genetic mechanisms underlying plant architecture are poorly understood in pome fruit trees, creating a major hurdle in developing new cultivars with desirable architecture, such as dwarfing rootstocks in European pear (Pyrus communis). An efficient way to identify genetic factors for important traits in non-model organisms can be to transfer knowledge across genomes. However, major obstacles exist, including complex evolutionary histories and variable quality and content of publicly available plant genomes. As researchers aim to link genes to traits of interest, these challenges can impede the transfer of experimental evidence across plant species, namely in the curation of high-quality, high-confidence gene models in an evolutionary context. Here we present a workflow using a collection of bioinformatic tools for the curation of deeply conserved gene families of interest across plant genomes. To study gene families involved in tree architecture in European pear and other rosaceous species, we used our workflow, plus a draft genome assembly and high-quality annotation of a second P. communis cultivar, 'd'Anjou.' Our comparative gene family approach revealed significant issues with the most recent 'Bartlett' genome - primarily thousands of missing genes due to methodological bias. After correcting assembly errors on a global scale in the 'Bartlett' genome, we used our workflow for targeted improvement of our genes of interest in both P. communis genomes, thus laying the groundwork for future functional studies in pear tree architecture. Further, our global gene family classification of 15 genomes across 6 genera provides a valuable and previously unavailable resource for the Rosaceae research community. With it, orthologs and other gene family members can be easily identified across any of the classified genomes. Importantly, our workflow can be easily adopted for any other plant genomes and gene families of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Zhang
- Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Wenatchee, WA, United States
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Eric K. Wafula
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Jon Eilers
- Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Wenatchee, WA, United States
| | - Alex E. Harkess
- College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States
| | - Paula E. Ralph
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Prakash Raj Timilsena
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Claude W. dePamphilis
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Jessica M. Waite
- Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Wenatchee, WA, United States
| | - Loren A. Honaas
- Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Wenatchee, WA, United States
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Li X, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhang A, You CX. Regulation of fleshy fruit ripening: From transcription factors to epigenetic modifications. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac013. [PMID: 35147185 PMCID: PMC9035223 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fleshy fruits undergo a complex ripening process, developing organoleptic fruit traits that attract herbivores and maximize seed dispersal. Ripening is the terminal stage of fruit development and involves a series of physiological and biochemical changes. In fleshy fruits, ripening always involves a drastic color change triggered by the accumulation of pigments and degradation of chlorophyll, softening caused by cell wall remodeling, and flavor formation as acids and sugars accumulate alongside volatile compounds. The mechanisms underlying fruit ripening rely on the orchestration of ripening-related transcription factors, plant hormones, and epigenetic modifications. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of the transcription factors that regulate ripening in conjunction with ethylene and environmental signals (light and temperature) in the model plant tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and other fleshy fruits. We emphasize the critical roles of epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation and histone modification as well as RNA m6A modification, which has been studied intensively. This detailed review was compiled to provide a comprehensive description of the regulatory mechanisms of fruit ripening and guide new strategies for its effective manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuming Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Aihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
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Hou D, Lu H, Zhao Z, Pei J, Yang H, Wu A, Yu X, Lin X. Integrative transcriptomic and metabolomic data provide insights into gene networks associated with lignification in postharvest Lei bamboo shoots under low temperature. Food Chem 2022; 368:130822. [PMID: 34411853 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Lei bamboo (Phyllostachys violascens) shoots are delicious food in Asia. Here, the molecular basis of lignification in postharvest Lei bamboo shoots under low temperature (LT) is revealed by transcriptomic and metabolomics analyses for the first time. We identified substantial accumulations of jasmonates (JAs) and major lignin biosynthesis precursors (coumarin, trans-4-coumaric acid, trans-ferulic acid and L-phenylalanine). Transcriptome analysis indicated that some regulatory genes were significantly differentially expressed, and the expression patterns of them were highly consistent with the changes in the key lignin precursors or JA profiles. Co-expression analysis showed that the LT responsive genes PvCRPK-4/-5, PvICE2-1/2, PvDREB2B might form a network module with the lignin (PvC3H-2/3, PvC4H-2/4, PvCAD-1/2/3/4, etc.) or JA biosynthesis genes (PvOPR2, PvJAZ-4 and PvPEX5, etc.), indicating a LT-lignification or LT-JA-lignification regulatory pathway in Lei bamboo shoots. Above all, our findings provide new an insight into the LT-associated lignification in postharvest bamboo shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Haiwen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhongyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jialong Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Huqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Aimin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xuejun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Xinchun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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Li J, Zhang M, Li X, Khan A, Kumar S, Allan AC, Lin-Wang K, Espley RV, Wang C, Wang R, Xue C, Yao G, Qin M, Sun M, Tegtmeier R, Liu H, Wei W, Ming M, Zhang S, Zhao K, Song B, Ni J, An J, Korban SS, Wu J. Pear genetics: Recent advances, new prospects, and a roadmap for the future. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhab040. [PMID: 35031796 PMCID: PMC8778596 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pear, belonging to the genus Pyrus, is one of the most economically important temperate fruit crops. Pyrus is an important genus of the Rosaceae family, subfamily Maloideae, and has at least 22 different species with over 5000 accessions maintained or identified worldwide. With the release of draft whole-genome sequences for Pyrus, opportunities for pursuing studies on the evolution, domestication, and molecular breeding of pear, as well as for conducting comparative genomics analyses within the Rosaceae family, have been greatly expanded. In this review, we highlight key advances in pear genetics, genomics, and breeding driven by the availability of whole-genome sequences, including whole-genome resequencing efforts, pear domestication, and evolution. We cover updates on new resources for undertaking gene identification and molecular breeding, as well as for pursuing functional validation of genes associated with desirable economic traits. We also explore future directions for "pear-omics".
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Li
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Awais Khan
- Plant Pathology & Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Satish Kumar
- Hawke’s Bay Research Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Havelock North 4157, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Charles Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Richard Victor Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Caihong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Runze Wang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Cheng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Gaifang Yao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009 Hefei, China
| | - Mengfan Qin
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Manyi Sun
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Richard Tegtmeier
- Plant Pathology & Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Hainan Liu
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weilin Wei
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Meiling Ming
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kejiao Zhao
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bobo Song
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiangping Ni
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jianping An
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Schuyler S Korban
- Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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10
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Hewitt S, Dhingra A. Beyond Ethylene: New Insights Regarding the Role of Alternative Oxidase in the Respiratory Climacteric. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:543958. [PMID: 33193478 PMCID: PMC7652990 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.543958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Climacteric fruits are characterized by a dramatic increase in autocatalytic ethylene production that is accompanied by a spike in respiration at the onset of ripening. The change in the mode of ethylene production from autoinhibitory to autostimulatory is known as the System 1 (S1) to System 2 (S2) transition. Existing physiological models explain the basic and overarching genetic, hormonal, and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms governing the S1 to S2 transition of climacteric fruit. However, the links between ethylene and respiration, the two main factors that characterize the respiratory climacteric, have not been examined in detail at the molecular level. Results of recent studies indicate that the alternative oxidase (AOX) respiratory pathway may play an essential role in mediating cross-talk between ethylene response, carbon metabolism, ATP production, and ROS signaling during climacteric ripening. New genomic, metabolic, and epigenetic information sheds light on the interconnectedness of ripening metabolic pathways, necessitating an expansion of the current, ethylene-centric physiological models. Understanding points at which ripening responses can be manipulated may reveal key, species- and cultivar-specific targets for regulation of ripening, enabling superior strategies for reducing postharvest wastage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seanna Hewitt
- Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Amit Dhingra
- Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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11
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Durán-Soria S, Pott DM, Osorio S, Vallarino JG. Sugar Signaling During Fruit Ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:564917. [PMID: 32983216 PMCID: PMC7485278 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.564917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Sugars play a key role in fruit quality, as they directly influence taste, and thus consumer acceptance. Carbohydrates are the main resources needed by the plant for carbon and energy supply and have been suggested to be involved in all the important developmental processes, including embryogenesis, seed germination, stress responses, and vegetative and reproductive growth. Recently, considerable progresses have been made in understanding regulation of fruit ripening mechanisms, based on the role of ethylene, auxins, abscisic acid, gibberellins, or jasmonic acid, in both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. However, the role of sugar and its associated molecular network with hormones in the control of fruit development and ripening is still poorly understood. In this review, we focus on sugar signaling mechanisms described up to date in fruits, describing their involvement in ripening-associated processes, such as pigments accumulation, and their association with hormone transduction pathways, as well as their role in stress-related responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sonia Osorio
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Málaga, Spain
| | - José G. Vallarino
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Málaga, Spain
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12
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Mitalo OW, Otsuki T, Okada R, Obitsu S, Masuda K, Hojo Y, Matsuura T, Mori IC, Abe D, Asiche WO, Akagi T, Kubo Y, Ushijima K. Low temperature modulates natural peel degreening in lemon fruit independently of endogenous ethylene. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4778-4796. [PMID: 32374848 PMCID: PMC7410192 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Peel degreening is an important aspect of fruit ripening in many citrus fruit, and previous studies have shown that it can be advanced by ethylene treatment or by low-temperature storage. However, the important regulators and pathways involved in natural peel degreening remain largely unknown. To determine how natural peel degreening is regulated in lemon fruit (Citrus limon), we studied transcriptome and physiochemical changes in the flavedo in response to ethylene treatment and low temperatures. Treatment with ethylene induced rapid peel degreening, which was strongly inhibited by the ethylene antagonist, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). Compared with 25 ºC, moderately low storage temperatures of 5-20 °C also triggered peel degreening. Surprisingly, repeated 1-MCP treatments failed to inhibit the peel degreening induced by low temperature. Transcriptome analysis revealed that low temperature and ethylene independently regulated genes associated with chlorophyll degradation, carotenoid metabolism, photosystem proteins, phytohormone biosynthesis and signalling, and transcription factors. Peel degreening of fruit on trees occurred in association with drops in ambient temperature, and it coincided with the differential expression of low temperature-regulated genes. In contrast, genes that were uniquely regulated by ethylene showed no significant expression changes during on-tree peel degreening. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that low temperature plays a prominent role in regulating natural peel degreening independently of ethylene in citrus fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar W Mitalo
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takumi Otsuki
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Rui Okada
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Saeka Obitsu
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kanae Masuda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuko Hojo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Takakazu Matsuura
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Izumi C Mori
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Daigo Abe
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Shikoku Research Station, Zentsuji, Japan
| | - William O Asiche
- Department of Research and Development, Del Monte Kenya Ltd, Thika, Kenya
| | - Takashi Akagi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kubo
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Correspondence: or
| | - Koichiro Ushijima
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Correspondence: or
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13
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Vincent C, Mesa T, Munné-Bosch S. Hormonal interplay in the regulation of fruit ripening and cold acclimation in avocados. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 251:153225. [PMID: 32653729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Avocados (Persea americana Mill.) are climacteric fruits, the ripening of which during postharvest at room temperature is strongly ethylene dependent. However, the role of other phytohormones in the modulation of postharvest ripening of avocados is still poorly understood. The optimal ripening state of avocados is attained a few days after harvest depending on the genotype, growing region and initial maturity stage of the fruit, and cold temperature storage is commonly used to delay this process. Here, we hypothesized that the ripening of avocados at room temperature may be governed not only by ethylene, but also by other phytohormones. With this aim, we analyzed the hormonal profiling of avocados subjected to either 4 °C and 25 °C during 10 days of postharvest. A biphasic response was observed during postharvest ripening of avocados at room temperature. While ethylene alone appeared to govern fruit ripening during the first transfer from cold to room temperature, a complex hormonal interplay occurred during ripening of avocados leading to a progressive fruit softening at room temperatures. Aside from ethylene, auxin, gibberellins, jasmonates and ABA appeared to be involved in avocado fruit ripening during postharvest at room temperature. Cold storage for a period of 10 days inhibited this hormonal response related to ripening. Furthermore, avocados stored at cold temperatures underwent a quick response in order to tolerate cold stress leading to changes in endogenous ABA and jasmonates. We conclude that a complex hormonal interplay, rather than ethylene alone, modulates postharvest ripening of avocados and that cold storage can effectively be employed as a technique to prevent avocados from a rapid ripening thanks to the cold stress tolerance mechanisms deployed by fruits through multiple hormonal regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Vincent
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Biology, Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain; Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Biology, Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tania Mesa
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Biology, Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain; Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Biology, Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Biology, Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain; Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Biology, Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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Hewitt SL, Hendrickson CA, Dhingra A. Evidence for the Involvement of Vernalization-related Genes in the Regulation of Cold-induced Ripening in 'D'Anjou' and 'Bartlett' Pear Fruit. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8478. [PMID: 32439928 PMCID: PMC7242362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
European pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars require a genetically pre-determined duration of cold-temperature exposure to induce autocatalytic system 2 ethylene biosynthesis and subsequent fruit ripening. The physiological responses of pear to cold-temperature-induced ripening have been well characterized, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon continue to be elucidated. This study employed previously established cold temperature conditioning treatments for ripening of two pear cultivars, 'D'Anjou' and 'Bartlett'. Using a time-course transcriptomics approach, global gene expression responses of each cultivar were assessed at four stages of developmental during the cold conditioning process. Differential expression, functional annotation, and gene ontology enrichment analyses were performed. Interestingly, evidence for the involvement of cold-induced, vernalization-related genes and repressors of endodormancy release was found. These genes have not previously been described to play a role in fruit during the ripening transition. The resulting data provide insight into cultivar-specific mechanisms of cold-induced transcriptional regulation of ripening in European pear, as well as a unique comparative analysis of the two cultivars with very different cold conditioning requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seanna L Hewitt
- Molecular Plant Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | | | - Amit Dhingra
- Molecular Plant Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.
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15
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Lindo-García V, Muñoz P, Larrigaudière C, Munné-Bosch S, Giné-Bordonaba J. Interplay between hormones and assimilates during pear development and ripening and its relationship with the fruit postharvest behaviour. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 291:110339. [PMID: 31928676 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The ability of European pears (Pyrus communis L.) to ripen immediately after harvest is cultivar-dependent and relies on a range of physiological and biochemical events occurring during fruit growth and development that remain largely unknown. To gain further knowledge on these events, changes in the content of sugars, acids, major hormones and ethylene precursors or related enzymes were studied in two pear varieties ('Blanquilla' and 'Conference') with known differences in their postharvest ripening behaviour. In both cultivars, low contents of abscisic acid (ABA) seemed to be a prerequisite to initiate on-tree fruit ripening including sugar accumulation and softening. In 'Blanquilla' pears, the enhanced potential to produce ethylene and thereby to ripen upon harvest was associated to a late increase in ABA content paralleled by an accumulation of indole 3-acetic acid (IAA). In turn, the inability of 'Conference' fruit to produce ethylene upon harvest appeared to be related to a coordinated action of gibberellins (more specifically GA1), salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA), which remained at high concentrations during the latest phases of fruit growth. Collectively, our results highlight that a complex hormonal cross-talk during the development and on-tree ripening of pear fruit may finally determine the ability of the fruit to ripen upon harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Lindo-García
- XaRTA-Postharvest, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003, Lleida, Spain
| | - Paula Muñoz
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain; Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Christian Larrigaudière
- XaRTA-Postharvest, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003, Lleida, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain; Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Jordi Giné-Bordonaba
- XaRTA-Postharvest, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003, Lleida, Spain.
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16
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Hendrickson C, Hewitt S, Swanson ME, Einhorn T, Dhingra A. Evidence for pre-climacteric activation of AOX transcription during cold-induced conditioning to ripen in European pear (Pyrus communis L.). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225886. [PMID: 31800597 PMCID: PMC6892529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
European pears (Pyrus communis L.) require a range of cold-temperature exposure to induce ethylene biosynthesis and fruit ripening. Physiological and hormonal responses to cold temperature storage in pear have been well characterized, but the molecular underpinnings of these phenomena remain unclear. An established low-temperature conditioning model was used to induce ripening of 'D'Anjou' and 'Bartlett' pear cultivars and quantify the expression of key genes representing ripening-related metabolic pathways in comparison to non-conditioned fruit. Physiological indicators of pear ripening were recorded, and fruit peel tissue sampled in parallel, during the cold-conditioning and ripening time-course experiment to correlate gene expression to ontogeny. Two complementary approaches, Nonparametric Multi-Dimensional Scaling and efficiency-corrected 2-(ΔΔCt), were used to identify genes exhibiting the most variability in expression. Interestingly, the enhanced alternative oxidase (AOX) transcript abundance at the pre-climacteric stage in 'Bartlett' and 'D'Anjou' at the peak of the conditioning treatments suggests that AOX may play a key and a novel role in the achievement of ripening competency. There were indications that cold-sensing and signaling elements from ABA and auxin pathways modulate the S1-S2 ethylene transition in European pears, and that the S1-S2 ethylene biosynthesis transition is more pronounced in 'Bartlett' as compared to 'D'Anjou' pear. This information has implications in preventing post-harvest losses of this important crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hendrickson
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Seanna Hewitt
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
- Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Mark E. Swanson
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Todd Einhorn
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Amit Dhingra
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
- Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
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17
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An M, Zhou T, Guo Y, Zhao X, Wu Y. Molecular Regulation of Host Defense Responses Mediated by Biological Anti-TMV Agent Ningnanmycin. Viruses 2019; 11:E815. [PMID: 31484426 PMCID: PMC6784071 DOI: 10.3390/v11090815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ningnanmycin (NNM) belongs to microbial pesticides that display comprehensive antiviral activity against plant viruses. NNM treatment has been shown to efficiently delay or suppress the disease symptoms caused by tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection in local-inoculated or systemic-uninoculated tobacco leaves, respectively. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of NNM-mediated antiviral activity remains to be further elucidated. In this study, 414 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 383 which were up-regulated and 31 down-regulated, caused by NNM treatment in TMV-infected BY-2 protoplasts, were discovered by RNA-seq. In addition, KEGG analysis indicated significant enrichment of DEGs in the plant-pathogen interaction and MAPK signaling pathway. The up-regulated expression of crucial DEGs, including defense-responsive genes, such as the receptor-like kinase FLS2, RLK1, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase MAPKKK, calcium signaling genes, such as the calcium-binding protein CML19, as well as phytohormone responsive genes, such as the WRKY transcription factors WRKY40 and WRKY70, were confirmed by RT-qPCR. These findings provided valuable insights into the antiviral mechanisms of NNM, which indicated that the agent induces tobacco systemic resistance against TMV via activating multiple plant defense signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengnan An
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Yi Guo
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiuxiang Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China.
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18
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Gwanpua SG, Jabbar A, Tongonya J, Nicholson S, East AR. Measuring ethylene in postharvest biology research using the laser-based ETD-300 ethylene detector. PLANT METHODS 2018; 14:105. [PMID: 30505339 PMCID: PMC6260721 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-018-0372-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ability to measure ethylene is an important aspect of postharvest management, as knowledge of endogenous ethylene production is used in assessing physiological status, while response of crops to exogenous ethylene informs efforts needed to control unwanted ripening. An ethylene monitoring device with a laser-based photoacoustic detector, ETD-300, was recently developed by Sensor Sense B.V., Nijmegen, The Netherlands. In terms of performance, the ETD-300 is superior to all other current ethylene measurement devices, with a sensitivity of 0.3 nL L-1, a response time of 5 s, and an ability to monitor ethylene in real time. Although the ETD-300 is relatively easy to operate, the performance and correctness of the data obtained depends on the choice of settings, which depends on the application. RESULTS This article provides a description of different ways in which the ETD-300 can be used in postharvest research for monitoring ethylene production and ethylene presence in an environment. We provided guidelines on selecting the appropriate method (Continuous Flow, Stop and Flow, and Sample methods), and operational curves for deciding on suitable combination of free volume, flow rates, and period for the different measurement methods. CONCLUSIONS Using these guidelines and operational curves, ETD-300 users can considerably reduce the measurement effort by limiting trial and error in establishing appropriate methodologies for their application. The guidelines also comment on accurate use of the ETD-300, as using the inappropriate settings could lead to erroneous measurements. Although these methodologies were developed primarily for postharvest application, they can be applied in other plant science research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny George Gwanpua
- Massey AgriTech Partnership, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, 4412 New Zealand
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Massey AgriTech Partnership, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, 4412 New Zealand
| | - Jeritah Tongonya
- Massey AgriTech Partnership, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, 4412 New Zealand
| | - Sue Nicholson
- Massey AgriTech Partnership, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, 4412 New Zealand
| | - Andrew R. East
- Massey AgriTech Partnership, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, 4412 New Zealand
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19
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Su M, Wang N, Jiang S, Fang H, Xu H, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Xu L, Zhang Z, Chen X. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of the critical floral gene MdAGL24-like in red-fleshed apple. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 276:189-198. [PMID: 30348318 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The transition from vegetative to reproductive growth is the most dramatic phase change in plants. To better understand the molecular regulation of floral transition and flower development in red-fleshed apple (Malus sieversii f. niedzwetzkyana), we isolated and characterized a floral MADS-box gene, MdAGL24-like, which shares sequence similarity with AGAMOUS-LIKE 24 (AGL24) from other species. Spatial expression analysis showed that MdAGL24-like dynamically expressed in flowers, followed by roots and fruits. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that, like other transcript factors, MdAGL24-like was localized in the nucleus. Protein interaction analysis showed that MdAGL24-like could interact with MdSOC1 and MdAP1 in vivo and in vitro. MdAGL24-like and MdSOC1 could increase each other's expression by binding the CArG motifs in their promoters. Unlike MdSOC1, MdAGL24-like might indirectly promote the expression of MdLFY by upregulating the expression of MdSOC1. Ectopic expression of MdAGL24-like in wild-type Arabidopsis induced early flowering like the phenotypes induced by other AGL24 genes. Similar to AGL24 in Arabidopsis, MdAGL24-like could rescue the late-flowering phenotype of the agl24 mutant to some extent. These results help clarify the molecular mechanism underlying flowering and provide a means of shortening the juvenile period in red-fleshed apples and other fruit trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Shenghui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Hongcheng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Haifeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yicheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Zongying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Xuesen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
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Selection and validation of suitable reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis in pear leaf tissues under distinct training systems. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202472. [PMID: 30138340 PMCID: PMC6107188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Training systems generally alter tree architecture, which modulates light microclimate within the canopy, for the purpose of improving photosynthetic efficiency and fruit quality. Gene expression quantification is one of the most important methods for exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying the influence of training systems on pear photosynthesis, and suitable reference genes for gene expression normalization are a prerequisite for this method. In this study, the expression stability of nine common and four novel candidate genes were evaluated in 14 different pear leaf samples in two training systems, including those at four developmental stages (training_period) and from different parts of the trees (training_space), using two distinct algorithms, geNorm and NormFinder. Our results revealed that SKD1 (Suppressor of K+Transport Growth Defect1)/ YLS8 (Yellow Leaf Specific 8) and ARM (Armadillo) were the most stable single reference genes for the ‘training_period’ and ‘training_space’ subsets, respectively, although these single genes were not as stable as the optimal pairs of reference genes, SKD1+YLS8 and ARM+YLS8, respectively. Furthermore, the expression levels of the PpsAPX (Ascorbate peroxidase) gene showed that the arbitrary use of reference genes without previous testing could lead to misinterpretation of data. This work constitutes the first systematic analysis regarding the selection of superior reference genes in training system studies, facilitating the elucidation of gene function in pear and providing valuable information for similar studies in other higher plants.
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Shin SY, Park MH, Choi JW, Kim JG. Gene network underlying the response of harvested pepper to chilling stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 219:112-122. [PMID: 29096083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cold storage is an effective postharvest control strategy to maintain the freshness of vegetables by suppressing respiration. However, subtropical plants including pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) undergo chilling injury. To better understand the molecular mechanisms involved in preventing chilling injury, transcriptome profiling analysis of peppers stored in a cold chamber and treated with 50μM methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and 1μLL-1 1-methylcyclopropene as an ethylene reaction inhibitor was performed. A total of 240, 470, and 290 genes were upregulated and 184, 291, and 219 genes down-regulated in cold-, MeJA- and 1-methylcyclopropene-treated peppers, respectively. MeJA-treated peppers had significant transcriptome changes compared to cold- and 1-MCP-treated peppers after 24h of storage. MeJA treatment upregulated the genes for peroxidase and catalase related to stress responses, as well as the ethylene-responsive factor (ERF) family and MAP kinase involved in ethylene signaling factors in peppers. Functional analysis revealed that in comparison with wild type plants, ERF1-expressing plants showed a higher antioxidant capacity and enhanced expression levels of oxidative stress-related and jasmonic acid synthesis-related genes during chilling storage conditions. Additionally, ERFs and JA biosynthesis gene expression in peppers during long-term cold storage was upregulated by MeJA. Thus, MeJA enables peppers to respond to cold stress and ethylene signaling, and this could help to prevent chilling injury. Our results suggest that ethylene signaling and JA synthesis share the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger-mediated stress adaption system during chilling stress in pepper. In addition, these findings provide a global insight into the genetic basis for preventing chilling injury in subtropical crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Shin
- Postharvest Technology Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Wanju-gun, 55365, Korea
| | - Me-Hea Park
- Postharvest Technology Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Wanju-gun, 55365, Korea.
| | - Ji-Weon Choi
- Postharvest Technology Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Wanju-gun, 55365, Korea
| | - Ji-Gang Kim
- Postharvest Technology Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Wanju-gun, 55365, Korea
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