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Zhang Y, Pu Y, Zhang Y, Li K, Bai S, Wang J, Xu M, Liu S, Zhou Z, Wu Y, Hu R, Wu Q, Kear P, Du M, Qi J. Tuber transcriptome analysis reveals a novel WRKY transcription factor StWRKY70 potentially involved in potato pigmentation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108792. [PMID: 38851149 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Tuber flesh pigmentation, conferred by the presence of secondary metabolite anthocyanins, is one of many key agronomic traits for potato tubers. Although several genes of potato anthocyanin biosynthesis have been reported, transcription factors (TFs) contributing to tuber flesh pigmentation are still not fully understood. In this study, transcriptomic profiling of diploid potato accessions with or without tuber flesh pigmentation was conducted and genes of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway were found significantly enriched within the 1435 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and connectivity analysis pinpointed a subset of 173 genes closely related to the key biosynthetic gene StDFR. Of the eight transcription factors in the subset, group III WRKY StWRKY70, was chosen for showing high connectivity to StDFR and ten other anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and homology to known WRKYs of anthocyanin pathway. The transient activation assay showed StWRKY70 predominantly stimulated the expression of StDFR and StANS as well as the accumulation of anthocyanins by enhancing the function of the MYB transcription factor StAN1. Furthermore, the interaction between StWRKY70 and StAN1 was verified by Y2H and BiFC. Our analysis discovered a new transcriptional activator StWRKY70 which potentially involved in tuber flesh pigmentation, thus may lay the foundation for deciphering how the WRKY-MYB-bHLH-WD40 (WRKY-MBW) complex regulate the accumulation of anthocyanins and provide new strategies to breed for more nutritious potato varieties with enhanced tuber flesh anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Yuanyuan Pu
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Kexin Li
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Shunbuer Bai
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Mingxiang Xu
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Suhui Liu
- Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Zijian Zhou
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Yuyu Wu
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Philip Kear
- International Potato Center (CIP), China Center for Asia Pacific, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Miru Du
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Jianjian Qi
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
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Wang N, Liu W, Mei Z, Zhang S, Zou Q, Yu L, Jiang S, Fang H, Zhang Z, Chen Z, Wu S, Cheng L, Chen X. A Functional InDel in the WRKY10 Promoter Controls the Degree of Flesh Red Pigmentation in Apple. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400998. [PMID: 38874015 PMCID: PMC11321683 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
MYB transcription factors have been linked to anthocyanin synthesis and various color phenotypes in plants. In apple, MYB10 confers a red-flesh phenotype due to a minisatellite insertion in its R6 promoter, but R6:MYB10 genotypes exhibit various degrees of red pigmentation in the flesh, suggesting the involvement of other genetic factors. Here, it is shown that MdWRKY10, a transcription factor identified via DNA pull-down trapping, binds to the promoter of MdMYB10 and activates its transcription. MdWRKY10 specifically interacts with the WDR protein MdTTG1 to join the apple MYB-bHLH-WDR (MBW) complex, which significantly enhances its transcriptional activation activity. A 163-bp InDel detected in the promoter region of the alleles of MdWRKY10 in a hybrid population of identical heterozygous genotypes regarding R6 by structural variation analysis, contains a typical W-box element that MdWRKY10 binds to for transactivation. This leads to increased transcript levels of MdWRKY10 and MdMYB10 and enhanced anthocyanin synthesis in the flesh, largely accounting for the various degrees of flesh red pigmentation in the R6 background. These findings reveal a novel regulatory role of the WRKY-containing protein complex in the formation of red flesh apple phenotypes and provide broader insights into the molecular mechanism governing anthocyanin synthesis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong271000China
- Section of Horticulture, School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong271000China
| | - Zhuoxin Mei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong271000China
| | - Shuhui Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong271000China
| | - Qi Zou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong271000China
| | - Lei Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong271000China
| | - Shenghui Jiang
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of HorticultureQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao266109China
| | - Hongcheng Fang
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in the Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, College of ForestryShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong271000China
| | - Zongying Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong271000China
| | - Zijing Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong271000China
| | - Shujing Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong271000China
| | - Lailiang Cheng
- Section of Horticulture, School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Xuesen Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong271000China
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Song W, Zhang S, Li Q, Xiang G, Zhao Y, Wei F, Zhang G, Yang S, Hao B. Genome-wide profiling of WRKY genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in Erigeron breviscapus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1412574. [PMID: 38895611 PMCID: PMC11184973 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1412574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The transcription factors of WRKY genes play essential roles in plant growth, stress responses, and metabolite biosynthesis. Erigeron breviscapus, a traditional Chinese herb, is abundant in flavonoids and has been used for centuries to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the WRKY transcription factors that regulate flavonoid biosynthesis in E. breviscapus remain unknown. In this study, a total of 75 EbWRKY transcription factors were predicted through comprehensive genome-wide characterization of E. breviscapus and the chromosomal localization of each EbWRKY gene was investigated. RNA sequencing revealed transient responses of 74 predicted EbWRKY genes to exogenous abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and gibberellin 3 (GA3) after 4 h of treatment. In contrast, the expression of key structural genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis increased after 4 h in GA3 treatment. However, the content of flavonoid metabolites in leaves significantly increased at 12 h. The qRT-PCR results showed that the expression patterns of EbWRKY11, EbWRKY30, EbWRKY31, EbWRKY36, and EbWRKY44 transcription factors exhibited a high degree of similarity to the 11 structural genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis. Protein-DNA interactions were performed between the key genes involved in scutellarin biosynthesis and candidate WRKYs. The result showed that F7GAT interacts with EbWRKY11, EbWRKY36, and EbWRKY44, while EbF6H has a self-activation function. This study provides comprehensive information on the regulatory control network of flavonoid accumulation mechanisms, offering valuable insights for breeding E. breviscapus varieties with enhanced scutellarin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Song
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuangyan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qi Li
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Guisheng Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fan Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shengchao Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Bing Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Zhang Z, Chen C, Jiang C, Lin H, Zhao Y, Guo Y. VvWRKY5 positively regulates wounding-induced anthocyanin accumulation in grape by interplaying with VvMYBA1 and promoting jasmonic acid biosynthesis. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae083. [PMID: 38766531 PMCID: PMC11101322 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Wounding stress induces the biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites in plants, including anthocyanin. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, we reported that a transcription factor, VvWRKY5, promotes wounding-induced anthocyanin accumulation in grape (Vitis vinifera). Biochemical and molecular analyses demonstrated that wounding stress significantly increased anthocyanin content, and VvMYBA1 plays an essential role in this process. VvWRKY5 could interact with VvMYBA1 and amplify the activation effect of VvMYBA1 on its target gene VvUFGT. The transcript level of VvWRKY5 was notably induced by wounding treatment. Moreover, our data demonstrated that VvWRKY5 could promote the synthesis of jasmonic acid (JA), a phytohormone that acts as a positive modulator in anthocyanin accumulation, by directly binding to the W-box element in the promoter of the JA biosynthesis-related gene VvLOX and enhancing its activities, and this activation was greatly enhanced by the VvWRKY5-VvMYBA1 protein complex. Collectively, our findings show that VvWRKY5 plays crucial roles in wounding-induced anthocyanin synthesis in grape and elucidates the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of wounding-induced anthocyanin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Cui Chen
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Changyue Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hong Lin
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yuhui Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yinshan Guo
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, China
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Cai O, Zhang H, Yang L, Wu H, Qin M, Yao W, Huang F, Li L, Lin S. Integrated Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Reveal Bamboo Culm Color Formation Mechanisms Involved in Anthocyanin Biosynthetic in Phyllostachys nigra. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1738. [PMID: 38339012 PMCID: PMC10855043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Phyllostachys nigra has green young culms (S1) and purple black mature culms (S4). Anthocyanins are the principal pigment responsible for color presentation in ornamental plants. We employ a multi-omics approach to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of anthocyanins in Ph. nigra. Firstly, we found that the pigments of the culm of Ph. nigra accumulated only in one to four layers of cells below the epidermis. The levels of total anthocyanins and total flavonoids gradually increased during the process of bamboo culm color formation. Metabolomics analysis indicated that the predominant pigment metabolites observed were petunidin 3-O-glucoside and malvidin O-hexoside, exhibiting a significant increase of up to 9.36-fold and 13.23-fold, respectively, during pigmentation of Ph. nigra culm. Transcriptomics sequencing has revealed that genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and starch and sucrose metabolism pathways were significantly enriched, leading to color formation. A total of 62 differentially expressed structural genes associated with anthocyanin synthesis were identified. Notably, PnANS2, PnUFGT2, PnCHI2, and PnCHS1 showed significant correlations with anthocyanin metabolites. Additionally, certain transcription factors such as PnMYB6 and PnMYB1 showed significant positive or negative correlations with anthocyanins. With the accumulation of sucrose, the expression of PnMYB6 is enhanced, which in turn triggers the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Based on these findings, we propose that these key genes primarily regulate the anthocyanin synthesis pathway in the culm and contribute to the accumulation of anthocyanin, ultimately resulting in the purple-black coloration of Ph. nigra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Cai
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (O.C.); (H.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.W.); (M.Q.); (W.Y.); (F.H.)
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hanjiao Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (O.C.); (H.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.W.); (M.Q.); (W.Y.); (F.H.)
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (O.C.); (H.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.W.); (M.Q.); (W.Y.); (F.H.)
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hongyu Wu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (O.C.); (H.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.W.); (M.Q.); (W.Y.); (F.H.)
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Min Qin
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (O.C.); (H.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.W.); (M.Q.); (W.Y.); (F.H.)
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenjing Yao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (O.C.); (H.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.W.); (M.Q.); (W.Y.); (F.H.)
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Feiyi Huang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (O.C.); (H.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.W.); (M.Q.); (W.Y.); (F.H.)
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Long Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (O.C.); (H.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.W.); (M.Q.); (W.Y.); (F.H.)
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shuyan Lin
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (O.C.); (H.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.W.); (M.Q.); (W.Y.); (F.H.)
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Zhang J, Zhao H, Chen L, Lin J, Wang Z, Pan J, Yang F, Ni X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Li R, Pi E, Wang S. Multifaceted roles of WRKY transcription factors in abiotic stress and flavonoid biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1303667. [PMID: 38169626 PMCID: PMC10758500 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1303667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Increasing biotic and abiotic stresses are seriously impeding the growth and yield of staple crops and threatening global food security. As one of the largest classes of regulators in vascular plants, WRKY transcription factors play critical roles governing flavonoid biosynthesis during stress responses. By binding major W-box cis-elements (TGACCA/T) in target promoters, WRKYs modulate diverse signaling pathways. In this review, we optimized existing WRKY phylogenetic trees by incorporating additional plant species with WRKY proteins implicated in stress tolerance and flavonoid regulation. Based on the improved frameworks and documented results, we aim to deduce unifying themes of distinct WRKY subfamilies governing specific stress responses and flavonoid metabolism. These analyses will generate experimentally testable hypotheses regarding the putative functions of uncharacterized WRKY homologs in tuning flavonoid accumulation to enhance stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Erxu Pi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shang Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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Guo F, Guan R, Sun X, Zhang C, Shan C, Liu M, Cui N, Wang P, Lin H. Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analyses of anthocyanin biosynthesis reveal key candidate genes involved in colour variation of Scutellaria baicalensis flowers. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:643. [PMID: 38097929 PMCID: PMC10722828 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04591-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bright flower colour assists plants attract insects to complete pollination and provides distinct ornamental values. In some medicinal plants, diverse flower colour variations usually imply differences in active ingredients. Compared to the common bluish purple of Scutellaria baicalensis flower (SB), the natural variants present rose red (SR) and white (SW) flowers were screened out under the same growing conditions in the genuine producing area Shandong Province, China. However, the mechanism of flower colour variation in S. baicalensis was remain unclear. In the present study, we conducted integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses to uncover the metabolic difference and regulation mechanism in three S. baicalensis flowers. RESULTS The results showed that 9 anthocyanins were identified. Among which, 4 delphinidin-based anthocyanins were only detected in SB, 4 cyanidin-based anthocyanins (without cyanidin-3-O-glucoside) mainly accumulated in SR, and no anthocyanin but high level of flavanone, naringenin, was detected in SW. The gene expression profile indicated that the key structural genes in the flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway differentially expressed in flowers with different colours. Compared to SB, the down-regulated expression of F3'5'H, ANS, and 3GT gene in SR might influence the anthocyanin composition. Especially the InDel site with deletion of 7 nucleotides (AATAGAG) in F3'5'H in SR might be the determinant for lack of delphinidin-based anthocyanins in rose red flowers. In SW, the lower expression levels of DFR and two F3H genes might reduce the anthocyanin accumulation. Notably the SNP site of G > A mutation in the splicing site of DFR in SW might block anthocyanin biosynthesis from flavanones and thus cause white flowers. In addition, several key transcription factors, including MYB, bHLH, and NAC, which highly correlated with structural gene expression and anthocyanin contents were also identified. CONCLUSIONS These results provide clues to uncover the molecular regulatory mechanism of flower colour variation in S. baicalensis and promote novel insights into understanding the anthocyanin biosynthesis and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengdan Guo
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, No.7, Yanzishan West Road, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Renwei Guan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, No.7, Yanzishan West Road, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Xinru Sun
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, No.7, Yanzishan West Road, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Cuicui Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, No.7, Yanzishan West Road, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Chenggang Shan
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Mengyu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
| | - Ning Cui
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, No.7, Yanzishan West Road, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Ping Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, No.7, Yanzishan West Road, Jinan, 250014, PR China.
| | - Huibin Lin
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, No.7, Yanzishan West Road, Jinan, 250014, PR China.
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Wang S, Zhou X, Pan K, Zhang H, Shen X, Luo J, Li Y, Chen Y, Wang W. Distinct heat response molecular mechanisms emerge in cassava vasculature compared to leaf mesophyll tissue under high temperature stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1281436. [PMID: 38098787 PMCID: PMC10720452 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1281436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
With growing concerns over global warming, cultivating heat-tolerant crops has become paramount to prepare for the anticipated warmer climate. Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), a vital tropical crop, demonstrates exceptional growth and productivity under high-temperature (HT) conditions. Yet, studies elucidating HT resistance mechanisms in cassava, particularly within vascular tissues, are rare. We dissected the leaf mid-vein from leaf, and did the comparative transcriptome profiling between mid-vein and leaf to figure out the cassava vasculature HT resistance molecular mechanism. Anatomical microscopy revealed that cassava leaf veins predominantly consisted of vasculature. A thermal imaging analysis indicated that cassava experienced elevated temperatures, coinciding with a reduction in photosynthesis. Transcriptome sequencing produced clean reads in total of 89.17G. Using Venn enrichment, there were 65 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 93 DEGs had been found highly specifically expressed in leaf and mid-vein. Further investigation disclosed that leaves enhanced pyruvate synthesis as a strategy to withstand high temperatures, while mid-veins fortified themselves by bolstering lignin synthesis by comprehensive GO and KEGG analysis of DEGs. The identified genes in these metabolic pathways were corroborated through quantity PCR (QPCR), with results aligning with the transcriptomic data. To verify the expression localization of DEGs, we used in situ hybridization experiments to identify the expression of MeCCoAMT(caffeoyl-coenzyme A-3-O-methyltransferase) in the lignin synthesis pathway in cassava leaf veins xylem. These findings unravel the disparate thermotolerance mechanisms exhibited by cassava leaves and mid-veins, offering insights that could potentially inform strategies for enhancing thermotolerance in other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Wang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, China
| | - Xincheng Zhou
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, China
| | - Kun Pan
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, Hainan Ouality Monitoring and Technology Service Center for Chinese Materia MedicaRaw Materials, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Huaifang Zhang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, China
| | - Xu Shen
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, China
| | - Jia Luo
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yuanchao Li
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, China
| | - Yinhua Chen
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Wenquan Wang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, China
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9
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Xu T, Yu L, Huang N, Liu W, Fang Y, Chen C, Jiang L, Wang T, Zhao J, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Wang N, Chen X. The regulatory role of MdNAC14-Like in anthocyanin synthesis and proanthocyanidin accumulation in red-fleshed apples. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 204:108068. [PMID: 37852067 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids, such as anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PAs), play essential roles in plant growth, development, and stress response. Red-fleshed apples represent a valuable germplasm resource with high flavonoid content. Understanding and enriching the regulatory network controlling flavonoid synthesis in red-fleshed apples holds significant importance for cultivating high-quality fruits. In this study, we successfully isolated an NAC transcription factor, MdNAC14-Like, which exhibited a significant negative correlation with the content of anthocyanin. Transient injection of apple fruit and stable expression of callus confirmed that MdNAC14-Like acts as an inhibitor of anthocyanin synthesis. Through yeast monohybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift, and luciferase reporter assays, we demonstrated the ability of MdNAC14-Like to bind to the promoters of MdMYB9, MdMYB10, and MdUFGT, thus inhibiting their transcriptional activity and subsequently suppressing anthocyanin synthesis. Furthermore, our investigation revealed that MdNAC14-Like interacts with MdMYB12, enhancing the transcriptional activation of MdMYB12 on the downstream structural gene MdLAR, thereby promoting PA synthesis. This comprehensive functional characterization of MdNAC14-Like provides valuable insights into the intricate regulatory network governing anthocyanin and PA synthesis in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyao Xu
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Yu
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Ningwang Huang
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Fang
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Cong Chen
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Lepu Jiang
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Tong Wang
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Jianwen Zhao
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Zongying Zhang
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yuehua Xu
- Penglai City Fruit Tree Work Station, Penglai, Shandong 265600, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
| | - Xuesen Chen
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
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10
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Bi M, Liang R, Wang J, Qu Y, Liu X, Cao Y, He G, Yang Y, Yang P, Xu L, Ming J. Multifaceted roles of LhWRKY44 in promoting anthocyanin accumulation in Asiatic hybrid lilies ( Lilium spp.). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad167. [PMID: 37779886 PMCID: PMC10535013 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The Asiatic hybrid lily (Lilium spp.) is a horticultural crop with high commercial value and diverse anthocyanin pigmentation patterns. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying lily flower color has been largely unexplored. Here, we identified a WRKY transcription factor from lily tepals, LhWRKY44, whose expression was closely associated with anthocyanin accumulation. Functional verification indicated that LhWRKY44 positively regulated anthocyanin accumulation. LhWRKY44 physically interacted with LhMYBSPLATTER and directly bound to the LhMYBSPLATTER promoter, which enhanced the effect of the LhMYBSPLATTER-LhbHLH2 MBW complex activator on anthocyanin accumulation. Moreover, EMSA and dual-luciferase assays revealed that LhWRKY44 activated and bound to the promoters of gene LhF3H and the intracellular anthocyanin-related glutathione S-transferase gene LhGST. Interestingly, our further results showed that LhWRKY44 participated in light and drought-induced anthocyanin accumulation, and improved the drought tolerance in lily via activating stress-related genes. These results generated a multifaceted regulatory mechanism for the LhWRKY44-meditaed enhancement by the environmental signal pathway of anthocyanin accumulation and expanded our understanding of the WRKY-mediated transcriptional regulatory hierarchy modulating anthocyanin accumulation in Asiatic hybrid lilies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Rui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030031, China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuxiao Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Landscape architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yuwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Guoren He
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Science, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Panpan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Leifeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jun Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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11
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Du Y, Lin Y, Zhang K, Rothenberg DO, Zhang H, Zhou H, Su H, Zhang L. The Chemical Composition and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal the Mechanism of Color Formation in Tea ( Camellia sinensis) Pericarp. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13198. [PMID: 37686006 PMCID: PMC10487661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the differential metabolism of albino (white), green, and purple pericarp coloration, biochemical profiling and transcriptome sequencing analyses were performed on three different tea pericarps, Zhongbaiyihao (Camellia sinensis L. var. Zhongbai), Jinxuan (Camellia sinensis L. var. Jinxuan), and Baitangziya (Camellia sinensis L. var. Baitang). Results of biochemical analysis revealed that low chlorophyll content and low chlorophyll/carotene ratio may be the biochemical basis for albino characteristics in the 'Zhongbaiyihao' pericarp. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, including DFR, F3'5'H, CCoAOMT, and 4-coumaroyl-CoA, were highly expressed in the purple 'Baitangziya' pericarp. In the chlorophyll synthesis of white pericarp, GUN5 (Genome Uncoupled 5) and 8-vinyl-reductase both showed high expression levels compared to the green one, which indicated that albino 'Zhongbaiyihao' pericarp had a higher chlorophyll synthesis capacity than 'Jinxuan'. Meanwhile, chlorophyllase (CLH, CSS0004684) was lower in 'Baitang' than in 'Jinxuan' and 'Zhongbaiyihao' pericarp. Among the differentially expressed transcription factors, MYB59, WRKY41-like2 (CS ng17509), bHLH62 like1 (CS ng6804), and bHLH62-like3 (CSS0039948) were downregulated in Jinxuan pericarp, suggesting that transcription factors played a role in regulating tea pericarp coloration. These findings provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms and theoretical basis for utilizing functional components of tea pericarp.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lingyun Zhang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (K.Z.); (D.O.R.); (H.Z.); (H.Z.); (H.S.)
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12
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Li F, Gong Y, Mason AS, Liu Q, Huang J, Ma M, Xiao M, Wang H, Fu D. Research progress and applications of colorful Brassica crops. PLANTA 2023; 258:45. [PMID: 37462779 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION We review the application and the molecular regulation of anthocyanins in colorful Brassica crops, the creation of new germplasm resources, and the development and utilization of colorful Brassica crops. Brassica crops are widely cultivated: these include oilseed crops, such as rapeseed, mustards, and root, leaf, and stem vegetable types, such as turnips, cabbages, broccoli, and cauliflowers. Colorful variants exist of these crop species, and asides from increased aesthetic appeal, these may also offer advantages in terms of nutritional content and improved stress resistances. This review provides a comprehensive overview of pigmentation in Brassica as a reference for the selection and breeding of new colorful Brassica varieties for multiple end uses. We summarize the function and molecular regulation of anthocyanins in Brassica crops, the creation of new colorful germplasm resources via different breeding methods, and the development and multifunctional utilization of colorful Brassica crop types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yingying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Annaliese S Mason
- Plant Breeding Department, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Miao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Meili Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Huadong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Donghui Fu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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13
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Wang C, Ye D, Li Y, Hu P, Xu R, Wang X. Genome-wide identification and bioinformatics analysis of the WRKY transcription factors and screening of candidate genes for anthocyanin biosynthesis in azalea ( Rhododendron simsii). Front Genet 2023; 14:1172321. [PMID: 37234867 PMCID: PMC10206045 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1172321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors have been demonstrated to influence the anthocyanin biosynthesis in many plant species. However, there is limited knowledge about the structure and function of WRKY genes in the major ornamental plant azalea (Rhododendron simsii). In this study, we identified 57 RsWRKY genes in the R. simsii genome and classified them into three main groups and several subgroups based on their structural and phylogenetic characteristics. Comparative genomic analysis suggested WRKY gene family has significantly expanded during plant evolution from lower to higher species. Gene duplication analysis indicated that the expansion of the RsWRKY gene family was primarily due to whole-genome duplication (WGD). Additionally, selective pressure analysis (Ka/Ks) suggested that all RsWRKY duplication gene pairs underwent purifying selection. Synteny analysis indicated that 63 and 24 pairs of RsWRKY genes were orthologous to Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa, respectively. Furthermore, RNA-seq data was used to investigate the expression patterns of RsWRKYs, revealing that 17 and 9 candidate genes may be associated with anthocyanin synthesis at the bud and full bloom stages, respectively. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying anthocyanin biosynthesis in Rhododendron species and lay the foundation for future functional studies of WRKY genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables of Hubei Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, China
| | - Dan Ye
- Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables of Hubei Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biology and Chemical Engineering, Weihai Vocational College, Weihai, China
| | - Peiling Hu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables of Hubei Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, China
| | - Run Xu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables of Hubei Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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14
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Liu X, Liu H, Tian B, Shi G, Liu C, Guo J, Cao G, Wei F. Metabolome and transcriptome analyses of anthocyanin biosynthesis reveal key metabolites and candidate genes in purple wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13921. [PMID: 37357978 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is continuously subjected to genetic improvement to optimize grain quality. Purple wheat has recently gained attention because of its high anthocyanin and nutrient content. In this study, we performed an integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis of the inbred wheat lines ZM152 (white wheat line) and ZM163 (purple wheat line) to elucidate molecular networks and identify potential genes regulating anthocyanin synthesis. A total of 564 metabolites were detected, of which 47 metabolite contents differed significantly between the two lines. Twenty-five flavonoids, including four anthocyanins, were significantly higher in purple wheat. High contents of cyanidin 3-rutinoside and malvidin 3-glucoside might contribute to the purple coloration of the wheat grains. Consistently, gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses revealed that flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis were mostly enriched, and the expression of anthocyanin structural genes was specifically upregulated in purple wheat lines, while transcription factors (TFs) were mostly downregulated in purple wheat lines. Especially, the correlation analysis showed the anthocyanin synthesis-related genes CHS (TraesCS2B02G048400) and UFGT (TraesCS7A02G155400) were likely regulated negatively by the TFs MYB4 (TraesCS1A02G268800, TraesCS1B02G279400), TT8 (TraesCS1D02G094200, TraesCS1B02G113100, and TraesCS1A02G102400), which thus could be considered important regulatory genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway of purple wheat lines. In summary, these results offer new insights into anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation of purple wheat, and provide very useful candidate genes for future colored wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Liu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haifu Liu
- Henan Institute of Modern Agriculture, Graduate T & R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baoming Tian
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gongyao Shi
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Henan Institute of Modern Agriculture, Graduate T & R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jialin Guo
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gangqiang Cao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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15
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Xu Z, Liu Y, Fang H, Wen Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Peng C, Long J. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of WRKY Gene Family in Neolamarckia cadamba. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087537. [PMID: 37108700 PMCID: PMC10142840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The WRKY transcription factor family plays important regulatory roles in multiple biological processes in higher plants. They have been identified and functionally characterized in a number of plant species, but very little is known in Neolamarckia cadamba, a 'miracle tree' for its fast growth and potential medicinal resource in Southeast Asia. In this study, a total of 85 WRKY genes were identified in the genome of N. cadamba. They were divided into three groups according to their phylogenetic features, with the support of the characteristics of gene structures and conserved motifs of protein. The NcWRKY genes were unevenly distributed on 22 chromosomes, and there were two pairs of segmentally duplicated events. In addition, a number of putative cis-elements were identified in the promoter regions, of which hormone- and stress-related elements were shared in many NcWRKYs. The transcript levels of NcWRKY were analyzed using the RNA-seq data, revealing distinct expression patterns in various tissues and at different stages of vascular development. Furthermore, 16 and 12 NcWRKY genes were confirmed to respond to various hormone treatments and two different abiotic stress treatments, respectively. Moreover, the content of cadambine, the active metabolite used for the various pharmacological activities found in N. cadamba, significantly increased after Methyl jasmonate treatment. In addition, expression of NcWRKY64/74 was obviously upregulated, suggesting that they may have a potential function of regulating the biosynthesis of cadambine in response to MeJA. Taken together, this study provides clues into the regulatory roles of the WRKY gene family in N. cadamba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuowei Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huiting Fang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yanqiong Wen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianxia Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Changcao Peng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianmei Long
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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16
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Gao J, Chen Y, Gao M, Wu L, Zhao Y, Wang Y. LcWRKY17, a WRKY Transcription Factor from Litsea cubeba, Effectively Promotes Monoterpene Synthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087210. [PMID: 37108396 PMCID: PMC10138983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The WRKY gene family is one of the most significant transcription factor (TF) families in higher plants and participates in many secondary metabolic processes in plants. Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Person is an important woody oil plant that is high in terpenoids. However, no studies have been conducted to investigate the WRKY TFs that regulate the synthesis of terpene in L. cubeba. This paper provides a comprehensive genomic analysis of the LcWRKYs. In the L. cubeba genome, 64 LcWRKY genes were discovered. According to a comparative phylogenetic study with Arabidopsis thaliana, these L. cubeba WRKYs were divided into three groups. Some LcWRKY genes may have arisen from gene duplication, but the majority of LcWRKY evolution has been driven by segmental duplication events. Based on transcriptome data, a consistent expression pattern of LcWRKY17 and terpene synthase LcTPS42 was found at different stages of L. cubeba fruit development. Furthermore, the function of LcWRKY17 was verified by subcellular localization and transient overexpression, and overexpression of LcWRKY17 promotes monoterpene synthesis. Meanwhile, dual-Luciferase and yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) experiments showed that the LcWRKY17 transcription factor binds to W-box motifs of LcTPS42 and enhances its transcription. In conclusion, this research provided a fundamental framework for future functional analysis of the WRKY gene families, as well as breeding improvement and the regulation of secondary metabolism in L. cubeba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Yicun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Liwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Yunxiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Yangdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
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17
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Wang H, Cheng X, Yin D, Chen D, Luo C, Liu H, Huang C. Advances in the Research on Plant WRKY Transcription Factors Responsive to External Stresses. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2861-2880. [PMID: 37185711 PMCID: PMC10136515 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45040187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The WRKY transcription factors are a class of transcriptional regulators that are ubiquitous in plants, wherein they play key roles in various physiological activities, including responses to stress. Specifically, WRKY transcription factors mediate plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses through the binding of their conserved domain to the W-box element of the target gene promoter and the subsequent activation or inhibition of transcription (self-regulation or cross-regulation). In this review, the progress in the research on the regulatory effects of WRKY transcription factors on plant responses to external stresses is summarized, with a particular focus on the structural characteristics, classifications, biological functions, effects on plant secondary metabolism, regulatory networks, and other aspects of WRKY transcription factors. Future research and prospects in this field are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Wang
- College of Ecology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional Floriculture, Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Dongmei Yin
- College of Ecology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Dongliang Chen
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional Floriculture, Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Chang Luo
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional Floriculture, Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional Floriculture, Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Conglin Huang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional Floriculture, Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
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Mata-Pérez C, Sánchez-Vicente I, Arteaga N, Gómez-Jiménez S, Fuentes-Terrón A, Oulebsir CS, Calvo-Polanco M, Oliver C, Lorenzo Ó. Functions of nitric oxide-mediated post-translational modifications under abiotic stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1158184. [PMID: 37063215 PMCID: PMC10101340 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1158184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Environmental conditions greatly impact plant growth and development. In the current context of both global climate change and land degradation, abiotic stresses usually lead to growth restriction limiting crop production. Plants have evolved to sense and respond to maximize adaptation and survival; therefore, understanding the mechanisms involved in the different converging signaling networks becomes critical for improving plant tolerance. In the last few years, several studies have shown the plant responses against drought and salinity, high and low temperatures, mechanical wounding, heavy metals, hypoxia, UV radiation, or ozone stresses. These threats lead the plant to coordinate a crosstalk among different pathways, highlighting the role of phytohormones and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). In particular, plants sense these reactive species through post-translational modification (PTM) of macromolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and fatty acids, hence triggering antioxidant responses with molecular implications in the plant welfare. Here, this review compiles the state of the art about how plant systems sense and transduce this crosstalk through PTMs of biological molecules, highlighting the S-nitrosylation of protein targets. These molecular mechanisms finally impact at a physiological level facing the abiotic stressful traits that could lead to establishing molecular patterns underlying stress responses and adaptation strategies.
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Li S, Liu J, Xue C, Lin Y, Yan Q, Chen J, Wu R, Chen X, Yuan X. Identification and Functional Characterization of WRKY, PHD and MYB Three Salt Stress Responsive Gene Families in Mungbean ( Vigna radiata L.). Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:463. [PMID: 36833390 PMCID: PMC9956968 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
WRKY-, PHD-, and MYB-like proteins are three important types of transcription factors in mungbeans, and play an important role in development and stress resistance. The genes' structures and characteristics were clearly reported and were shown to contain the conservative WRKYGQK heptapeptide sequence, Cys4-His-cys3 zinc binding motif, and HTH (helix) tryptophan cluster W structure, respectively. Knowledge on the response of these genes to salt stress is largely unknown. To address this issue, 83 VrWRKYs, 47 VrPHDs, and 149 VrMYBs were identified by using comparative genomics, transcriptomics, and molecular biology methods in mungbeans. An intraspecific synteny analysis revealed that the three gene families had strong co-linearity and an interspecies synteny analysis showed that mungbean and Arabidopsis were relatively close in genetic relationship. Moreover, 20, 10, and 20 genes showed significantly different expression levels after 15 days of salt treatment (p < 0.05; Log2 FC > 0.5), respectively. Additionally, in the qRT-PCR analysis, VrPHD14 had varying degrees of response to NaCl and PEG treatments after 12 h. VrWRKY49 was upregulated by ABA treatment, especially in the beginning (within 24 h). VrMYB96 was significantly upregulated in the early stages of ABA, NaCl, and PEG stress treatments (during the first 4 h). VrWRKY38 was significantly upregulated by ABA and NaCl treatments, but downregulated by PEG treatment. We also constructed a gene network centered on the seven DEGs under NaCl treatment; the results showed that VrWRKY38 was in the center of the PPI network and most of the homologous Arabidopsis genes of the interacted genes were reported to have response to biological stress. Candidate genes identified in this study provide abundant gene resources for the study of salt tolerance in mungbeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jinyang Liu
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Chenchen Xue
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yun Lin
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Qiang Yan
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jingbin Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ranran Wu
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xingxing Yuan
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210014, China
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20
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Fan M, Li X, Zhang Y, Yang M, Wu S, Yin H, Liu W, Fan Z, Li J. Novel insight into anthocyanin metabolism and molecular characterization of its key regulators in Camellia sasanqua. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 111:249-262. [PMID: 36371768 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flower color is a trait that affects the ornamental value of a plant. Camellia sasanqua is a horticultural plant with rich flower color, but little is known about the regulatory mechanism of color diversity in this plant. Here, the anthocyanin profile of 20 C. sasanqua cultivars revealed and quantified 11 anthocyanin derivatives (five delphinidin-based and six cyanidin-based anthocyanins) for the first time. Cyanidin-3-O-(6-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside was the main contributor to flower base color, and the accumulation of cyanidin and delphinidin derivatives differed in the petals. To further explore the molecular mechanism of color divergence, a transcriptome analysis was performed using C. sasanqua cultivars 'YingYueYe', 'WanXia', 'XueYueHua', and'XiaoMeiGui'. The co-expression network related to differences in delphinidin and cyanidin derivatives accumulation was identified. Eleven candidate genes encoding key enzymes (e.g., F3H, F3'H, and ANS) were involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Moreover, 27 transcription factors were screened as regulators of the two types of accumulating anthocyanins. The association was suggested by correlation analysis between the expression levels of the candidate genes and the different camellia cultivars. We concluded that cyanidin and delphinidin derivatives are the major drivers of color diversity in C. sasanqua. This finding provides valuable resources for the study of flower color in C. sasanqua and lays a foundation for genetic modification of anthocyanin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, China
| | - XinLei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meiying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Si Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, China
| | - HengFu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, China
| | - WeiXin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, China
| | - ZhengQi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, China
| | - JiYuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, China
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21
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Li J, Wu K, Li L, Ma G, Fang L, Zeng S. Transcriptomic analysis reveals biosynthesis genes and transcription factors related to leaf anthocyanin biosynthesis in Aglaonema commutatum. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:28. [PMID: 36650457 PMCID: PMC9847206 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-09107-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aglaonema commutatum 'Red Valentine', as a foliage ornamental plant, is widely used for interior and exterior decoration because of its easy cultivation and management. However, reduced proportion of red foliage during large-scale production of A. commutatum seedlings is a frequent occurrence, which has considerable implications on the plant's ornamental and market value. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. RESULTS To explore the molecular basis of the variation in leaf color of A. commutatum Red Valentine, we performed transcriptome sequencing with the Illumina platform using two different varieties of A. commutatum, namely Red Valentine and a green mutant, at three different stages of leaf development. We annotated 63,621 unigenes and 14,186 differentially expressed genes by pairwise comparison. Furthermore, we identified 26 anthocyanin biosynthesis structural genes. The transcript per million (TPM) values were significantly higher for Red Valentine than for the green mutant in all three developmental stages, consistent with the high anthocyanin content of Red Valentine leaves. We detected positive transcription factors that may be involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis using BLAST and through correlation analysis. Downregulation of these transcription factors may downregulate the expression of anthocyanin genes. We obtained full-length cDNA of the anthocyanin biosynthesis and regulatory genes and constructed phylogenetic trees to ensure accuracy of the analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf variation in A. commutatum Red Valentine and may be used to facilitate the breeding of ornamental cultivars with high anthocyanin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Kunlin Wu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
| | - Lin Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
| | - Guohua Ma
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
| | - Lin Fang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
| | - Songjun Zeng
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
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22
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Tang Y, Lu L, Huang X, Zhao D, Tao J. The herbaceous peony transcription factor WRKY41a promotes secondary cell wall thickening to enhance stem strength. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:428-445. [PMID: 36305685 PMCID: PMC9806655 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Stem bending or lodging caused by insufficient stem strength is an important limiting factor for plant production. Secondary cell walls play a crucial role in plant stem strength, but whether WRKY transcription factors can positively modulate secondary cell wall thickness are remain unknown. Here, we characterized a WRKY transcription factor PlWRKY41a from herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora), which was highly expressed in stems. PlWRKY41a functioned as a nucleus-localized transcriptional activator and enhanced stem strength by positively modulating secondary cell wall thickness. Moreover, PlWRKY41a bound to the promoter of the XYLOGLUCAN ENDOTRANSGLUCOSYLASE/HYDROLASE4 (PlXTH4) and activated the expression of PlXTH4. PlXTH4-overexpressing tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) had thicker secondary cell walls, resulting in enhanced stem strength, while PlXTH4-silenced P. lactiflora had thinner secondary cell walls, showing decreased stem strength. Additionally, PlWRKY41a directly interacted with PlMYB43 to form a protein complex, and their interaction induced the expression of PlXTH4. These data support that the PlMYB43-PlWRKY41a protein complex can directly activate the expression of PlXTH4 to enhance stem strength by modulating secondary cell wall thickness in P. lactiflora. The results will enhance our understanding of the formation mechanism of stem strength and provide a candidate gene to improve stem straightness in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Tang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Lili Lu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xingqi Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Daqiu Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jun Tao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
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23
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Ghissing U, Kutty NN, Bimolata W, Samanta T, Mitra A. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals an insight into the candidate genes involved in anthocyanin and scent volatiles biosynthesis in colour changing flowers of Combretum indicum. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:85-95. [PMID: 36271596 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Combretum indicum is a widely cultivated ornamental species displaying the distinct phenomenon of floral colour change. Flowers display a gradual colour change from white to red, attributed to increased cyanidin 3-O glucoside in petal tissues. The differently coloured flowers also emanate a complex blend of VOCs with trans-linalool oxide (furanoid) as the major compound in the emission profile. To understand molecular mechanisms regulating floral colour shifts and scent biosynthesis, we performed Illumina transcriptome sequencing, including de novo assembly and functional annotation, for the two stages of floral maturation (white and red). Homology analysis with functional classification identified 84 and 42 candidate genes associated with pigment and scent biosynthesis, respectively. Genes encoding transcription factors, such as MYB, ERF, WD40, WRKY, NAC, bHLH and bZIP, that play critical roles in regulating specialized metabolism were also identified in the transcriptome data. Differences in expression of genes were consistent with accumulation patterns of anthocyanins in the two different flower colours. A clear upregulation of flavonoid biosynthesis genes in red flower tissue is associated with increased pigment content. RT-qPCR-based expression analyses gave results consistent with the RNA-Seq data, suggesting the sequencing data are consistent and reliable. This study presents the first report of genetic information for C. indicum. Gene sequences generated from RNA-Seq, along with candidate genes identified by pathway mapping and their expression profiles, provide a valuable resource for subsequent studies towards molecular understanding of specialized metabolism in C. indicum flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Ghissing
- Natural Product Biotechnology Group, Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - N N Kutty
- Natural Product Biotechnology Group, Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
- School of Biology, Dr Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, India
| | - W Bimolata
- Natural Product Biotechnology Group, Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - T Samanta
- BioX Center, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, India
| | - A Mitra
- Natural Product Biotechnology Group, Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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Wang Z, Ma L, Liu P, Luo Z, Li Z, Wu M, Xu X, Pu W, Huang P, Yang J. Transcription factor NtWRKY33a modulates the biosynthesis of polyphenols by targeting NtMYB4 and NtHCT genes in tobacco. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 326:111522. [PMID: 36332766 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There are abundant polyphenols in tobacco leaves mainly including chlorogenic acid (CGA), rutin, and scopoletin, which not only influence plant growth, development, and environmental adaptation, but also have a great impact on the industrial utilization of tobacco leaves. Few transcription factors regulating the biosynthesis of polyphenols have been identified in tobacco so far. In this study, two NtWRKY33 genes were identified from N. tabacum genome. NtWRKY33a showed higher transcriptional activity than NtWRKY33b, and encoded a nuclear localized protein. Overexpression and knock-out of NtWRKY33a gene revealed that NtWRKY33a inhibited the accumulation of rutin, scopoletin, and total polyphenols, but meanwhile promoted the biosynthesis of CGA. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and Dual-Luc assays indicated that NtWRKY33a could directly bind to the promoters of NtMYB4 and NtHCT, and thus induced the transcription of these two genes. The contents of polyphenols in ntwrky33a, ntmy4, and ntwrky33a/ntmyb4 mutants further confirmed that the repression of NtWRKY33a on the biosynthesis of rutin, scopoletin, and total polyphenols depends on the activity of NtMYB4. Moreover, the promotion of NtHCT by NtWRKY33a modulates the distribution of metabolism flux into the synthesis of CGA. Ectopic expression of NtWRKY33a inhibit the expression of NtSAUR14, NtSAUR59, NtSAUR66, NtIAA4, NtIAA17, and NtIAA19 genes, indicating that NtWRKY33a might be involved in the regulation of plant auxin response. Our study revealed new functions of NtWRKY33a in regulating the synthesis of polyphenols, and provided a promising target for manipulating polyphenols contents in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Wang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lanxin Ma
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Pingping Liu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhaopeng Luo
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zefeng Li
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mingzhu Wu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xin Xu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wenxuan Pu
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd., Changsha 410007, China
| | - Pingjun Huang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd., Changsha 410007, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Guo P, Zhang B, Hu Z, Zhou S, Wang Y, Xie Q, Chen G. Anthocyanin accumulation and transcriptional regulation in purple flowering stalk (Brassica campestris L. var. purpurea Bailey). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 111:57-72. [PMID: 36207656 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01311-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
1. Purple flowering stalk (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis L. var. purpurea Bailey) is a crop with the high-level anthocyanin. 2. Increased abundance of LBGs promoted the synthesis of anthocyanin. 3. TTG2 (WRKY) interacted with TTG1 (WD40), probably regulating anthocyanin accumulation by shaping a MBWW complex. Brassica crops are a class of nutrient-rich vegetables. Here, two Brassica Crops-Flowering Stalk cultivars, purple flowering stalk (Brassica campestris L. var. purpurea Bailey) and pakchoi (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. communis) were investigated. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis demonstrated that Cy 3-p-coumaroylsophoroside-5-malonylglucoside and Cy 3-diferuloylsophoroside-5-malonylglucoside were identified as the major anthocyanin in peel of purple flowering stalk. The transcript level of structural genes including C4H, CHS, F3H, DFR, ANS and UFGT, and regulatory genes such as TT8, TTG1, Bra004162, Bra001917 and TTG2 in peel of purple flowering stalk were significantly higher than that in peel of pakchoi. In addition, the TTG2(WRKY) interacted only with TTG1(WD40) and the interaction between TT8 (bHLH) and TTG1/Bra004162(MYB)/Bra001917(MYB) were identified. Else, the WD40-WRKY complex (TTG1-TTG2) could activate the transcript of TT12. Our study laid a foundation for the research on the anthocyanin accumulation in Brassica crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- School of Agricultural Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Zongli Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yunshu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Qiaoli Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Guoping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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Wang J, Yin Y, Gao H, Sheng L. Identification of MYB Transcription Factors Involving in Fruit Quality Regulation of Fragaria × ananassa Duch. Genes (Basel) 2022; 14:68. [PMID: 36672809 PMCID: PMC9859318 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is an important horticultural crop. The economic values of strawberry cultivars are decided by their fruit qualities including taste, color and aroma. The important role of MYB transcription factors in fruit quality regulation is recognized increasingly with the identification of MYB genes involved in metabolism. A total of 407 MYB genes of F. × ananassa (FaMYBs) were identified in the genome-wide scale and named according to subgenome locations. The 407 FaMYBs were clustered into 36 groups based on phylogenetic analysis. According to synteny analysis, whole genome duplication and segmental duplication contributed over 90% of the expansion of the FaMYBs family. A total of 101 FaMYB loci with 1-6 alleles were identified by the homologous gene groups on homologous chromosomes. The differentially expressed FaMYB profiles of three cultivars with different fruit quality and fruit ripe processes provided the 8 candidate loci involved in fruit quality regulation. In this experiment, 7, 5, and 4 FaMYBs were screeded as candidate genes involved in the regulation of metabolism/transportation of anthocyanins, sugars or organic acids and 4-hydroxy-2, 5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone, respectively. These results pointed out the key FaMYBs for further functional analysis of gene regulation of strawberry fruit quality and would be helpful in the clarification on ofe roles of MYBs in the metabolism of fruit crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lixia Sheng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Zhang Y, Li B, Zhang M, Jia J, Sun S, Chen X, Yuan J, Bi X, Pang X, Li X. Transcriptome analyses and virus-induced gene silencing identify HuWRKY40 acting as a hub transcription factor in the preservation of Hylocereus undatus by trypsin. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14437. [PMID: 36226905 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Trypsin can significantly improve the storage quality of Hylocereus undatus (H. undatus). To verify the hub WRKY gene of H. undatus in trypsin preservation, joint analysis of transcriptome and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was carried out, and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was conducted. In the transcriptome of H. undatus, GO directed acyclic graph (DAG) showed that the GO terms of 55 WRKY genes were mainly enriched in sequence-specific DNA binding, DNA binding transcription factor activity, and so on. The GO enrichment chord diagram showed that HuWRKY40 was significantly up-regulated in the enriched top10 GO terms. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that 55 WRKY genes were mainly enriched in plant-pathogen interaction and MAPK pathway. The results of PPI network showed that HuWRKY40 was a hub protein of WRKY transcription factors (TFs) family regulated by trypsin, which was consistent with the results of transcriptome analysis. Bioinformatics analysis showed that HuWRKY40 of H. undatus had the highest homology with Beta vulgaris L. and Spinacia oleracea L. The function of the core regulatory protein HuWRKY40 was further clarified by VIGS technology. The results of VIGS showed that there was a big difference between the phenotype of the pTRV2-HuWRKY40 group and that of the control group. Finally, it was confirmed that HuWRKY40 accelerated the synthesis of flavonoids and improved the fruit quality during the storage of H. undatus. This study found that trypsin may regulate HuWRKY40 activity through the MAPK cascade pathway, affect the participation of flavonoid synthesis, and then delay fruit corruption. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: With attention of people to the safety and freshness of fruits and vegetables, biological preservation technology has become one of the hotspots in the field of preservation in recent years. Trypsin can significantly improve the antioxidant capacity of fruits and vegetables. As a new biological preservative, it is convenient to operate and economical. In the current work, the mechanism of trypsin on the WRKY TFs during H. undatus storage was investigated. The application of trypsin would provide a new strategy for the storage quality control of fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Zhang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Bairu Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jingyu Jia
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Shulin Sun
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jiangfeng Yuan
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaochen Bi
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xinyue Pang
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Luoyang, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Food Processing and Safety Education, Luoyang, China
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Xie T, Zan X, Chen X, Zhu H, Rong H, Wang Y, Jiang J. An R3-MYB repressor, BnCPC forms a feedback regulation with MBW complex to modulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in Brassica napus. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:133. [PMID: 36447291 PMCID: PMC9706894 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthocyanins are metabolites of phenylpropanoid pathway, and involves in diverse processes of plant development and adaptation, which are regulated by the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) protein complexes. Many R2R3-MYB activators have been well characterized, but the MYB repressors in anthocyanin biosynthesis were recognized recently, which are also important in modulating phenylpropanoid metabolism in plants. The regulatory mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in oil crop Brassica napus remains to be revealed. RESULTS In this study, we identified an anthocyanin repressor BnCPC in B. napus. BnCPC encoded a typical R3-MYB protein containing a conserved [D/E]Lx2[R/K]x3Lx6Lx3R motif for interaction with bHLH proteins. Overexpression of BnCPC in B. napus inhibited anthocyanin accumulation, especially under anthocyanin inducible conditions. Protein-protein interaction and dual-luciferase assays confirmed that BnCPC could compete with BnPAP1 to interact with bHLHs (BnTT8 and BnEGL3), and repress the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes (e.g., BnDFR) that activated by MBW complexes. Moreover, we found BnCPC inhibited the MBW complex-induced BnCPC activity. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this research demonstrated that BnCPC repressed anthocyanin biosynthesis by affecting the formation of MBW complex, and formed a feedback loop to regulate anthocyanin accumulation in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xie
- grid.268415.cJiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China ,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Xiongyun Zan
- grid.268415.cJiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Xin Chen
- grid.268415.cJiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Haotian Zhu
- grid.268415.cJiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Hao Rong
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694School of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, 234000 China
| | - Youping Wang
- grid.268415.cJiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
| | - Jinjin Jiang
- grid.268415.cJiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 China
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Alabd A, Ahmad M, Zhang X, Gao Y, Peng L, Zhang L, Ni J, Bai S, Teng Y. Light-responsive transcription factor PpWRKY44 induces anthocyanin accumulation by regulating PpMYB10 expression in pear. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac199. [PMID: 37180030 PMCID: PMC10167416 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a valuable source of antioxidants in the human diet and contribute to fruit coloration. In red-skinned pears, anthocyanin biosynthesis can be induced by light, in which the MYB-bHLH-WDR complex plays a critically important role in transcriptional regulation. However, knowledge of WRKY-mediated transcriptional regulation of light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis is scarce in red pears. This work identified and functionally characterized a light-inducing WRKY transcription factor, PpWRKY44, in pear. Functional analysis based on overexpressed pear calli showed that PpWRKY44 promoted anthocyanin accumulation. Also, transiently overexpressed PpWRKY44 in pear leaves and fruit peels significantly enhanced the accumulation of anthocyanin, whereas silencing PpWRKY44 in pear fruit peels impaired induction of the accumulation of anthocyanin by light. By chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assay coupled to a quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we found that PpWRKY44 bound in vivo and in vitro to the PpMYB10 promoter, revealing it as a direct downstream target gene. Moreover, PpWRKY44 was activated by PpBBX18, a light signal transduction pathway component. Our results explained the mechanism mediating the impacts of PpWRKY44 on the transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin accumulation, with potential implications for fine-tuning the fruit peel coloration triggered by light in red pears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alabd
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Department of Pomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
| | - Mudassar Ahmad
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yuhao Gao
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lin Peng
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Junbei Ni
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Songling Bai
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yuanwen Teng
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China
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Su M, Zuo W, Wang Y, Liu W, Zhang Z, Wang N, Chen X. The WKRY transcription factor MdWRKY75 regulates anthocyanins accumulation in apples ( Malus domestica). FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:799-809. [PMID: 35577345 DOI: 10.1071/fp21146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins play important roles in plant secondary metabolism. Although previous studies have identified many transcription factors (TFs) that participate in the synthetic pathway of anthocyanins, the regulation mechanism of the pathway remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified a WRKY Group IIc TF, MdWRKY75, which contained a typical WRKYGQK heptapeptide sequence and a C2 H2 -zinc finger structure. Subcellular localisation assays found that MdWRKY75 was located in the nucleus. Overexpression of MdWRKY75 promoted the accumulation of anthocyanins in apple (Malus domestica L.) 'Orin' calli. MdWRKY75 mainly stimulated the accumulation of anthocyanins by binding to the promoter of MYB transcription factor, MdMYB1 . Our research could provide new insights into how WRKY TFs regulate the accumulation of anthocyanins in apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China; and Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai-An, China
| | - Weifang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China; and Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai-An, China
| | - Yicheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China; and Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai-An, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China; and Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai-An, China
| | - Zongying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China; and Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai-An, China
| | - Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China; and Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai-An, China
| | - Xuesen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China; and Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai-An, China
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Huang Z, Song L, Xiao Y, Zhong X, Wang J, Xu W, Jiang CZ. Overexpression of Myrothamnus flabellifolia MfWRKY41 confers drought and salinity tolerance by enhancing root system and antioxidation ability in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:967352. [PMID: 35937333 PMCID: PMC9355591 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.967352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Myrothamnus flabellifolia is the only woody resurrection plant discovered so far and could recover from extreme desiccation condition. However, few genes related to its strong drought tolerance have been characterized, and the underlying molecular mechanisms remains mysterious. Members of WRKY transcription factor family are effective in regulating abiotic stress responses or tolerance in various plants. An early dehydration-induced gene encoding a WRKY transcription factor namely MfWRKY41 was isolated from M. flabellifolia, which is homologous to AtWRKY41 of Arabidopsis. It contains a typical WRKY domain and zinc finger motif, and is located in the nucleus. Comparing to wild type, the four transgenic lines overexpressing MfWRKY41 showed better growth performance under drought and salt treatments, and exhibited higher chlorophyll content, lower water loss rate and stomatal aperture and better osmotic adjustment capacity. These results indicated that MfWRKY41 of M. flabellifolia positively regulates drought as well as salinity responses. Interestingly, the root system architecture, including lateral root number and primary root length, of the transgenic lines was enhanced by MfWRKY41 under both normal and stressful conditions, and the antioxidation ability was also significantly improved. Therefore, MfWRKY41 may have potential application values in genetic improvement of plant tolerance to drought and salinity stresses. The molecular mechanism involving in the regulatory roles of MfWRKY41 is worthy being explored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Huang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Song
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhong
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiatong Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenxin Xu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cai-Zhong Jiang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Davis, CA, United States
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Su M, Wang S, Liu W, Yang M, Zhang Z, Wang N, Chen X. MdJa2 Participates in the Brassinosteroid Signaling Pathway to Regulate the Synthesis of Anthocyanin and Proanthocyanidin in Red-Fleshed Apple. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:830349. [PMID: 35615132 PMCID: PMC9125324 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.830349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin play important roles in plant secondary metabolism. Although previous studies identified many transcription factors involved in anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin synthesis, the effects of MADS-box transcription factors are unclear in apple. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are steroid hormones that affect plant flavonoid biosynthesis, but the underlying regulatory mechanism is not yet well established. In this study, we identified a MADS-box transcription factor, MdJa2, which contained a highly conserved MADS-box domain and belonged to the STMADS11 subfamily. Additionally, MdJa2 was responsive to BR signal, and the overexpression of MdJa2 inhibited the synthesis of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin. The silencing of MdJa2 in "Orin" calli promoted anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin accumulations. Moreover, MdJa2 interacted with MdBZR1. MdJa2 was revealed to independently regulate anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin synthesis pathways. The MdJa2-MdBZR1 complex enhanced the binding of MdJa2 to the promoters of downstream target genes. Our research provides new insights into how MADS-box transcription factors in the BR signaling pathway control the accumulations of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin in red-fleshed apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai’an, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai’an, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai’an, China
| | - Ming Yang
- College of Continuing Education, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Zongying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai’an, China
| | - Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai’an, China
| | - Xuesen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai’an, China
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Mao Z, Liu W, Ding L, Zhang X, Yang Y, Wu S, Chen X, Wang Y. Transcription factor McWRKY71 induced by ozone stress regulates anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in Malus crabapple. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 232:113274. [PMID: 35124421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In plants, anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PAs) play important roles in plant resistance to abiotic stress. In this study, ozone (O3) treatments caused the up-regulation of Malus crabapple structural genes McANS, McCHI, McANR and McF3H, which promoted anthocyanin and PA accumulation. We identified the WRKY transcription factor (TF) McWRKY71 by screening differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were highly expressed in response to O3 stress from an RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis. Overexpressing McWRKY71 increased the resistance of 'Orin' apple calli to O3 stress and promoted the accumulation of anthocyanins and PAs, which facilitated reactive oxygen species scavenging to further enhance O3 tolerance. Biochemical and molecular analyses showed that McWRKY71 interacted with McMYB12 and directly bound the McANR promoter to participate in the regulation of PA biosynthesis. These findings provide new insights into the WRKY TFs mechanisms that regulate the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, which respond to O3 stress, in Malus crabapple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yicheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Zuolin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Weina Liu
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Taian 271018, China
| | - Licheng Ding
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yuwei Yang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Taian 271018, China
| | - Shuqing Wu
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xuesen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yanling Wang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Taian 271018, China.
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Identification of the Regulatory Genes of UV-B-Induced Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Pepper Fruit. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041960. [PMID: 35216077 PMCID: PMC8879456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit peels of certain pepper (Capsicum annum L.) varieties accumulate a large amount of anthocyanins and exhibit purple color under medium-wave ultraviolet (UV-B) conditions, which severely impacts the commodity value of peppers. However, the regulatory mechanism of the above process has not been well studied so far. To explore which key genes are involved in this regulatory mechanism, pepper variety 19Q6100, the fruit peels of which turn purple under UV-B conditions, was investigated in this study. Transcription factors with expression levels significantly impacted by UV-B were identified by RNA-seq. Those genes may be involved in the regulation of UV-B-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. Yeast one-hybrid results revealed that seven transcription factors, CabHLH143, CaMYB113, CabHLH137, CaMYBG, CaWRKY41, CaWRKY44 and CaWRKY53 directly bound to the putative promotor regions of the structural genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. CaMYB113 was found to interact with CabHLH143 and CaHY5 by yeast two-hybrid assay, and those three genes may participate collaboratively in UV-B-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in pepper fruit. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) indicated that fruit peels of CaMYB113-silenced plants were unable to turn purple under UV-B conditions. These findings could deepen our understanding of UV-B-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in pepper.
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Wang Z, Wang S, Liu P, Yang X, He X, Xie X, Luo Z, Wu M, Wang C, Yang J. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of NtWRKY41a in the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids in Nicotiana tabacum. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 315:111154. [PMID: 35067314 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phenylpropanoids are important secondary metabolites that have multifaceted effects on plant growth, development, and environmental adaptation. WRKY41 has been shown to repress anthocyanins synthesis in Arabidopsis, but its full roles in regulating plant phenylpropanoids metabolism still remains to be further studied. Here, we cloned two NtWRKY41 genes from N. tabacum genome, and NtWRKY41a showed higher expression levels than NtWRKY41b genes in all the tobacco tissues examined. Overexpression and knock-out of NtWRKY41a gene revealed that NtWRKY41a promoted the biosynthesis of Chlorogenic acid (CGA) and lignin, but repressed the accumulation of scopoletin and flavonoids in tobacco. Transcriptome analysis found 7 phenylpropanoids related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between WT and NtWRKY41a-OE plants, among which the transcription of NtCCoAOMT and NtHST was significantly induced by posttranslational activation of NtWRKY41a, while those of NtF6'H1 and NtGT3 was significantly repressed by NtWRKY41a. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and Dual-Luc assays further indicated that NtWRKY41a could bind to the promoter regions of these four genes to regulate their transcription. Moreover, ectopic expression of NtWRKY41a also promoted the transcription of several NtLOX and NtHPL genes, which encode key enzymes involved in the oxylipin pathway. Our findings revealed new functions of NtWRKY41a in modulating the distribution of metabolism flux in phenylpropanoids pathway, and provided a promising target for manipulating phenylpropanoids contents in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Wang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shuaibin Wang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd., Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Pingping Liu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiaonian Yang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd., Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Xinxi He
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd., Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhaopeng Luo
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Mingzhu Wu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chen Wang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jun Yang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Zhan X, Chen Z, Chen R, Shen C. Environmental and Genetic Factors Involved in Plant Protection-Associated Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis Pathways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:877304. [PMID: 35463424 PMCID: PMC9024250 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.877304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant specialized metabolites (PSMs) play essential roles in the adaptation to harsh environments and function in plant defense responses. PSMs act as key components of defense-related signaling pathways and trigger the extensive expression of defense-related genes. In addition, PSMs serve as antioxidants, participating in the scavenging of rapidly rising reactive oxygen species, and as chelators, participating in the chelation of toxins under stress conditions. PSMs include nitrogen-containing chemical compounds, terpenoids/isoprenoids, and phenolics. Each category of secondary metabolites has a specific biosynthetic pathway, including precursors, intermediates, and end products. The basic biosynthetic pathways of representative PSMs are summarized, providing potential target enzymes of stress-mediated regulation and responses. Multiple metabolic pathways share the same origin, and the common enzymes are frequently to be the targets of metabolic regulation. Most biosynthetic pathways are controlled by different environmental and genetic factors. Here, we summarized the effects of environmental factors, including abiotic and biotic stresses, on PSM biosynthesis in various plants. We also discuss the positive and negative transcription factors involved in various PSM biosynthetic pathways. The potential target genes of the stress-related transcription factors were also summarized. We further found that the downstream targets of these Transcription factors (TFs) are frequently enriched in the synthesis pathway of precursors, suggesting an effective role of precursors in enhancing of terminal products. The present review provides valuable insights regarding screening targets and regulators involved in PSM-mediated plant protection in non-model plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaori Zhan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhehao Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong Chen
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Rong Chen,
| | - Chenjia Shen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chenjia Shen,
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Cong L, Qu Y, Sha G, Zhang S, Ma Y, Chen M, Zhai R, Yang C, Xu L, Wang Z. PbWRKY75 promotes anthocyanin synthesis by activating PbDFR, PbUFGT, and PbMYB10b in pear. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1841-1849. [PMID: 34418106 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are common secondary metabolites in plants that impart red coloration to fruits and flowers. The important WRKY transcription factor family plays multifaceted roles in plant growth and development. In this study, we found a WRKY family gene, Pyrus bretschneideri WRKY75, that may be involved in anthocyanin synthesis in pear. Unlike Arabidopsis thaliana WRKY75, PbWRKY75 may be a positive regulator of anthocyanin synthesis. A transient expression assay indicated that PbWRKY75 promoted pear anthocyanin synthesis. The structural genes (PbANS, PbDFR, and PbUFGT) and positive regulators (PbMYB10 and PbMYB10b) of anthocyanin synthesis were significantly upregulated in the fruitlet skins of PbWRKY75-overexpressing "Zaosu" pears. Subsequently, yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays indicated that PbWRKY75 promoted PbDFR, PbUFGT, and PbMYB10b expression by activating their promoters. These results revealed that PbWRKY75 may promote the expression of both PbMYB10b and anthocyanin late biosynthetic genes (PbDFR and PbUFGT) by activating their promoters, thereby inducing anthocyanin synthesis in pear. This study enhanced our understanding of the mechanism of pear anthocyanin synthesis, which will be beneficial in the improvement of pear peel color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Cong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yingying Qu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Guangya Sha
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shichao Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Youfu Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Rui Zhai
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chengquan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lingfei Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
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Zhang H, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Guo D, Zhao X, Gao W, Zhang J, Song B. StWRKY13 promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis in potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 49:102-114. [PMID: 34794538 DOI: 10.1071/fp21109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Although the role of WRKY transcription factors (TFs) in colour formation has been reported in several species, their function in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) anthocyanin biosynthesis remains unclear. In this study, the potato WRKY gene StWRKY13 was isolated and characterised. Expression analysis revealed a significantly higher StWRKY13 expression in chromatic tubers than in yellow ones. Transient activation assays showed that StWRKY13 could enhance the role of StAN2 in promoting anthocyanin biosynthesis in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Over-expressing the StWRKY13 gene promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis in potato tubers. Further investigations indicated that StWRKY13 could interact with the StCHS, StF3H, StDFR, and StANS gene promoters and significantly enhance their activities. Our findings showed that StWRKY13 could promote anthocyanin biosynthesis by activating StCHS, StF3H, StDFR, and StANS transcription in potato tubers, thereby supporting the theoretical basis for anthocyanins formation in coloured potato tubers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dalong Guo
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xijuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; and College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Gao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, People's Republic of China
| | - Juping Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, People's Republic of China
| | - Botao Song
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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Combined transcriptome and metabolome integrated analysis of Acer mandshuricum to reveal candidate genes involved in anthocyanin accumulation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23148. [PMID: 34848790 PMCID: PMC8633053 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02607-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The red color formation of Acer mandshuricum leaves is caused by the accumulation of anthocyanins primarily, but the molecular mechanism researches which underlie anthocyanin biosynthesis in A. mandshuricum were still lacking. Therefore, we combined the transcriptome and metabolome and analyzed the regulatory mechanism and accumulation pattern of anthocyanins in three different leaf color states. In our results, 26 anthocyanins were identified. Notably, the metabolite cyanidin 3-O-glucoside was found that significantly correlated with the color formation, was the predominant metabolite in anthocyanin biosynthesis of A. mandshuricum. By the way, two key structural genes ANS (Cluster-20561.86285) and BZ1 (Cluster-20561.99238) in anthocyanidin biosynthesis pathway were significantly up-regulated in RL, suggesting that they might enhance accumulation of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside which is their downstream metabolite, and contributed the red formation of A. mandshuricum leaves. Additionally, most TFs (e.g., MYBs, bZIPs and bHLHs) were detected differentially expressed in three leaf color stages that could participate in anthocyanin accumulation. This study sheds light on the anthocyanin molecular regulation of anthocyanidin biosynthesis and accumulation underlying the different leaf color change periods in A. mandshuricum, and it could provide basic theory and new insight for the leaf color related genetic improvement of A. mandshuricum.
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Zhu J, Guo X, Li X, Tang D. Composition of Flavonoids in the Petals of Freesia and Prediction of Four Novel Transcription Factors Involving in Freesia Flavonoid Pathway. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:756300. [PMID: 34868147 PMCID: PMC8634401 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.756300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Freesia hybrida is rich in flower colors with beautiful flower shapes and pleasant aroma. Flavonoids are vital to the color formation of its flowers. In this study, five Freesia cultivars with different flower colors were used to study on the level of accumulation of their flavonoids and expression of flavonoid-related genes and further explore new novel transcription factor (TF). Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and VION ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) were used to determine the flavonoids. Combined with transcriptome sequencing technology, the molecular mechanism of the flavonoid metabolism difference in Freesia was revealed. A total of 10 anthoxanthin components and 12 anthocyanin components were detected using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. All six common anthocyanin aglycones in high plants, including cyanidin, delphinidin, petunidin, peonidin, malvidin, and pelargonidin, were detected in Freesia at first time in this study. In orange, yellow, and white cultivars, anthoxanthins gradually decreased with the opening of the petals, while in red and purple cultivars, anthoxanthins first increased and then decreased. No anthocyanin was detected in yellow and white cultivars, while anthocyanins increased with the opening of the petals and reached their maximum at the flowering stage (S3) in other three cultivars. The correlation analysis revealed that the color of Freesia petals was closely related to the composition and content of anthoxanthins and anthocyanins. Petals of five cultivars at S3 were then selected for transcriptome sequencing by using the Illumina Hiseq 4000 platform, and a total of 100,539 unigenes were obtained. There were totally 5,162 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) when the four colored cultivars were compared with the white cultivar at S3. Comparing all DEGs with gene ontology (GO), KEGG, and Pfam databases, it was found that the genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were significantly different. In addition, AP2, WRKY, and bHLH TF families ranked the top three among all differently expressed TFs in all DEGs. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) technology was used to analyze the expression patterns of the structural genes of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in Freesia. The results showed that metabolic process was affected significantly by structural genes in this pathway, such as CHS1, CHI2, DFR1, ANS1, 3GT1, and FLS1. Cluster analysis was performed by using all annotated WRKY and AP2 TFs and the above structural genes based on their relatively expression. Four novel candidate TFs of WRKY and AP2 family were screened. Their spatiotemporal expression patterns revealed that these four novel TFs may participate in the regulation of the flavonoid biosynthesis, thus controlling its color formation in Freesia petals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Zhu
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueying Guo
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Li
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongqin Tang
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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41
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Transcription Factor Action Orchestrates the Complex Expression Pattern of CRABS CLAW in Arabidopsis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111663. [PMID: 34828269 PMCID: PMC8653963 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiosperm flowers are the most complex organs that plants generate, and in their center, the gynoecium forms, assuring sexual reproduction. Gynoecium development requires tight regulation of developmental regulators across time and tissues. How simple on and off regulation of gene expression is achieved in plants was described previously, but molecular mechanisms generating complex expression patterns remain unclear. We use the gynoecium developmental regulator CRABS CLAW (CRC) to study factors contributing to its sophisticated expression pattern. We combine in silico promoter analyses, global TF-DNA interaction screens, and mutant analyses. We find that miRNA action, DNA methylation, and chromatin remodeling do not contribute substantially to CRC regulation. However, 119 TFs, including SEP3, ETT, CAL, FUL, NGA2, and JAG bind to the CRC promoter in yeast. These TFs finetune transcript abundance as homodimers by transcriptional activation. Interestingly, temporal–spatial aspects of expression regulation may be under the control of redundantly acting genes and require higher order complex formation at TF binding sites. Our work shows that endogenous regulation of complex expression pattern requires orchestrated transcription factor action on several conserved promotor sites covering almost 4 kb in length. Our results highlight the utility of comprehensive regulators screens directly linking transcriptional regulators with their targets.
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42
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Ma Y, Ma X, Gao X, Wu W, Zhou B. Light Induced Regulation Pathway of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011116. [PMID: 34681776 PMCID: PMC8538450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are natural pigments with antioxidant effects that exist in various fruits and vegetables. The accumulation of anthocyanins is induced by environmental signals and regulated by transcription factors in plants. Numerous evidence has indicated that among the environmental factors, light is one of the most signal regulatory factors involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. However, the signal transduction of light and molecular regulation of anthocyanin synthesis remains to be explored. Here, we focus on the research progress of signal transduction factors for positive and negative regulation in light-dependent and light-independent anthocyanin biosynthesis. In particular, we will discuss light-induced regulatory pathways and related specific regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants. In addition, an integrated regulatory network of anthocyanin biosynthesis controlled by transcription factors is discussed based on the significant progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; (Y.M.); (X.M.)
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; (Y.M.); (X.M.)
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China;
| | - Weilin Wu
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (B.Z.); Tel.: +86-183-4338-8262 (W.W.); +86-0451-8219-1738 (B.Z.)
| | - Bo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; (Y.M.); (X.M.)
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (B.Z.); Tel.: +86-183-4338-8262 (W.W.); +86-0451-8219-1738 (B.Z.)
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Wang J, Liu Z, Liu H, Peng D, Zhang J, Chen M. Linum usitatissimum FAD2A and FAD3A enhance seed polyunsaturated fatty acid accumulation and seedling cold tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 311:111014. [PMID: 34482917 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flax (Linum usitatissimum) seed oil is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly linolenic acid, which is converted from linoleic acid. Studies have indicated that the biosynthesis of linoleic acid and linolenic acid is controlled by FAD2 and FAD3, respectively. However, the functional distinctions of different LuFAD2 and LuFAD3 copies from L. usitatissimum in governing the biosynthesis of linoleic acid or linolenic acid, respectively, remain unclear. In this study, five LuFAD2 and three LuFAD3 cDNAs were cloned from the L. usitatissimum cultivar 'Longya 10', and GC-MS results demonstrated that LuFAD2A and LuFAD3A play predominant roles in the accumulation of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, respectively. Their simultaneous overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds led to a significant increase in fatty acid contents, especially PUFAs. Additionally, LuFAD2A and LuFAD3A promoted the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid by increasing the levels of linolenic acid, which, in turn, enhanced plant cold tolerance. When the amount of linolenic acid is not sufficient, plants adapt to low temperature via the accumulation of anthocyanins. These findings provide insights into the higher accumulation of PUFAs in L. usitatissimum seeds, and provide potential targets for improving oil quality of other oil-producing crops through molecular manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Danshuai Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Mingxun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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44
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He Y, Wang Z, Ge H, Liu Y, Chen H. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identifies genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and functional verification of hub gene SmWRKY44. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 309:110935. [PMID: 34134842 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Eggplant is rich in anthocyanins, which are thought to be highly beneficial for human health. There is no study on weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of anthocyanin biosynthesis in eggplant. Here, transcriptome data of 33 eggplant pericarp samples treated with light were used for WGCNA to identify significant modules. Total 13000 DEGs and 12 modules were identified, and the most significant module was associated with the secondary metabolites pathways. In addition, the hub gene SmWRKY44 with high connectivity was selected and its function was verified. The expression of SmWRKY44 showed a significant correlation with anthocyanin accumulation in the eggplant peels, leaves, and flowers. SmWRKY44-OE Arabidopsis significantly increased the accumulation of anthocyanins. Yeast two-hybrid and BiFC assays showed that SmWRKY44 could interact with SmMYB1, and it was also found that they could jointly promote the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in eggplant leaves through transient expression analysis. Our work provides a new direction for studying the molecular mechanism of light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in eggplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun He
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai JiaoTong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Zhaowei Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai JiaoTong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Haiyan Ge
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai JiaoTong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai JiaoTong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Huoying Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai JiaoTong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Chen Z, Yu L, Liu W, Zhang J, Wang N, Chen X. Research progress of fruit color development in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 162:267-279. [PMID: 33711720 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is one of the most widely produced and economically important fruits in temperate regions. Fruit color development in apple is a major focus for both breeders and researchers as consumers associate brightly colored red apples with ripeness and a good flavor. In recent years, great progress has been made in the research of apple fruit color development, but its development mechanism has not been systematic dissected from the aspects of genetics, transcription or environmental factors. Here, we summarize research on the coloration of apple fruit, including the development of important genomic databases to identify important genomic regions and genes, genetic and transcriptional factors that regulate pigment accumulation, environmental factors that affect anthocyanin synthesis, and the current breeding progress of red-skinned and red-fleshed apples. We describe key transcription factors, such as MYB, bHLH, and WD40, which are involved in the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis and fruit color development in apple. We also discuss the regulation of apple color by external environmental factors such as light, temperature, and water. The aim of this review is to provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple. This information will provide significant guidance for the breeding of high-quality red-skinned and red-fleshed apple varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Lei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China.
| | - Xuesen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China.
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Mao Z, Jiang H, Wang S, Wang Y, Yu L, Zou Q, Liu W, Jiang S, Wang N, Zhang Z, Chen X. The MdHY5-MdWRKY41-MdMYB transcription factor cascade regulates the anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in red-fleshed apple. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 306:110848. [PMID: 33775373 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Red-fleshed apple fruits are popular because of their high flavonoid content. Although MdMYB10 and its homologs have been identified as crucial regulators of the fruit coloring process, other transcription factors (TFs) contributing to the differences in flesh coloration have not been fully characterized. In this study, we investigated the regulatory effects of MdWRKY41 on anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin (PA) synthesis in red-fleshed apples. The overexpression of MdWRKY41 in red-fleshed apple calli inhibited anthocyanin and PA accumulation by downregulating the expression of a MYB TF gene (MdMYB12) and specific structural genes (MdLAR, MdUFGT, and MdANR). Furthermore, MdWRKY41 was shown to interact with MdMYB16 to form a complex that can further suppress MdANR and MdUFGT expression. Interestingly, MdWRKY41 was targeted by the photoresponse factor MdHY5 and inhibited its transcription. Overall, our findings provide insights into a novel MdHY5-MdWRKY41-MdMYB regulatory module influencing anthocyanin and PA synthesis in red-fleshed apple fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuolin Mao
- College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Huiyan Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Yicheng Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Yu
- College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Zou
- College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Shenghui Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Zongying Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China.
| | - Xuesen Chen
- College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China.
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Li P, Tian J, Guo C, Luo S, Li J. Interaction of gibberellin and other hormones in almond anthers: phenotypic and physiological changes and transcriptomic reprogramming. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:94. [PMID: 33931608 PMCID: PMC8087710 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00527-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature causes anther dysfunction, severe pollen sterility and, ultimately, major yield losses in crop plants. Previous studies have shown that the gibberellic acid (GA) metabolic pathway plays an important role in this process by regulating tapetum function and pollen development. However, the interaction mechanism of GA with other hormones mediating anther development is still unclear. Herein, we collected and analyzed almond (Amygdalus communis L.) anthers at the meiosis, tetrad, 1-nucleus, and mature 2-nucleus stages. The growth rate per 1000 anthers exhibited a significant positive correlation with the total bioactive GA compound content, and the levels of all bioactive GA compounds were highest in the 1-nucleus pollen stage. GA3 treatment experiments indicated that exogenous GA3 increased the levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), trans-zeatin (tZ), and jasmonic acid (JA) and decreased the levels of salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA); moreover, GA3 improved pollen viability and quantities under cold conditions, whereas PP333 (paclobutrazol, an inhibitor of GA biosynthesis) was antagonistic with GA3 in controlling anther development. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR results showed that GA played an important role in anther development by regulating the expression of other phytohormone pathway genes, dehydration-responsive element-binding/C-repeat binding factor (DREB1/CBF)-mediated signaling genes, and anther development pathway genes. Our results reveal the novel finding that GA interacts with other hormones to balance anther development under normal- and low-temperature conditions in almond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, 125100, China
| | - Jia Tian
- College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Changkui Guo
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Shuping Luo
- College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Jiang Li
- College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China.
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Wang Z, Luo Z, Liu Y, Li Z, Liu P, Bai G, Zhou Z, Xie H, Yang J. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of NtWRKY11b in promoting the biosynthesis of flavonols in Nicotiana tabacum. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 304:110799. [PMID: 33568298 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of flavonols and anthocyanins is precisely regulated by different transcription factors in plants. WRKY11 promotes the biosynthesis of flavonoids in apple, but the molecular mechanism of WRKY11 regulating flavonols biosynthesis, and whether WRKY11 plays the same roles in other plants species remains to be further studied. Here, we cloned four NtWRKY11 genes from tobacco, which all contained the conserved WRKYGQK heptapeptide and a zinc-finger motif. The NtWRKY11b showed higher expression levels than the other NtWRKY11 genes in all the tobacco tissues examined, especially in tobacco leaves. Silencing of NtWRKY11b in tobacco leaves reduced the content of flavonols to 45.2 %-69.8 % of that in the WT plants, but overexpression of NtWRKY11b increased the flavonols content by 37.8 %-80.7 %. Transcriptome analysis revealed 8 flavonoids related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between NtWRKY11b-OE and WT plants, among which the transcription of NtMYB12, NtFLS, NtGT5, and NtUFGT was significantly induced by posttranslational activation of NtWRKY11b with the presence of protein synthesis inhibitor, indicating a putative direct promotion of NtWRKY11b on the transcription of these flavonoids related genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays further demonstrated that NtWRKY11b could bind to the promoter regions of NtMYB12, NtFLS, NtGT5, and NtUFGT to activate the transcription of these genes. Moreover, ectopic expression of NtWRKY11b also promoted the expression levels of NtCML38, NtCTL1, NtWRKY44, and NtCML37 genes, which have been shown to enhance plant resistance to various stresses. Our findings revealed the molecular mechanism of NtWRKY11b regulating flavonols biosynthesis, and provided a promising target for increasing flavonols content in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Wang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhaopeng Luo
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Hunan Tobacco Research Institute, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Zefeng Li
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Pingping Liu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ge Bai
- Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhou
- Hunan Tobacco Research Institute, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - He Xie
- Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Zhao F, Song P, Zhang X, Li G, Hu P, Aslam A, Zhao X, Zhou H. Identification of candidate genes influencing anthocyanin biosynthesis during the development and ripening of red and white strawberry fruits via comparative transcriptome analysis. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10739. [PMID: 33604178 PMCID: PMC7863778 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Strawberries are one of the most economically important berry fruits worldwide and exhibit colours ranging from white to dark red, providing a rich genetic resource for strawberry quality improvement. In the present study, we conducted transcriptome analyses of three strawberry cultivars, namely, 'Benihoppe', 'Xiaobai', and 'Snow White', and compared their gene expression profiles. Among the high-quality sequences, 5,049 and 53,200 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained when comparing the diploid and octoploid strawberry genomes and analysed to identify anthocyanin-related candidate genes. Sixty-five DEGs in the diploid genome (transcriptome data compared to the diploid strawberry genome) and 317 DEGs in the octoploid genome (transcriptome data compared to the octoploid strawberry genome) were identified among the three cultivars. Among these DEGs, 19 and 70 anthocyanin pathway genes, six and 42 sugar pathway genes, 23 and 101 hormone pathway genes, and 17 and 104 transcription factors in the diploid and octoploid genomes, respectively, correlated positively or negatively with the anthocyanin accumulation observed among the three cultivars. Real-time qPCR analysis of nine candidate genes showed a good correlation with the transcriptome data. For example, the expression of PAL was higher in 'Benihoppe' and 'Xiaobai' than in 'Snow White', consistent with the RNA-seq data. Thus, the RNA-seq data and candidate DEGs identified in the present study provide a sound basis for further studies of strawberry fruit colour formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengli Zhao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pan Song
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangfen Zhang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Panpan Hu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ali Aslam
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Houcheng Zhou
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
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50
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Hormonal and transcriptional analyses provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying root thickening and isoflavonoid biosynthesis in Callerya speciosa (Champ. ex Benth.) Schot. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9. [PMID: 33420059 PMCID: PMC7794344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76633-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Callerya speciosa (Champ. ex Benth.) Schot is a traditional Chinese medicine characterized by tuberous roots as the main organ of isoflavonoid accumulation. Root thickening and isoflavonoid accumulation are two major factors for yield and quality of C. speciosa. However, the underlying mechanisms of root thickening and isoflavonoid biosynthesis have not yet been elucidated. Here, integrated morphological, hormonal and transcriptomic analyses of C. speciosa tuberous roots at four different ages (6, 12, 18, 30 months after germination) were performed. The growth cycle of C. speciosa could be divided into three stages: initiation, rapid-thickening and stable-thickening stage, which cued by the activity of vascular cambia. Endogenous changes in phytohormones were associated with developmental changes during root thickening. Jasmonic acid might be linked to the initial development of tuberous roots. Abscisic acid seemed to be essential for tuber maturation, whereas IAA, cis-zeatin and gibberellin 3 were considered essential for rapid thickening of tuberous roots. A total of 4337 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified during root thickening, including 15 DEGs participated in isoflavonoid biosynthesis, and 153 DEGs involved in starch/sucrose metabolism, hormonal signaling, transcriptional regulation and cell wall metabolism. A hypothetical model of genetic regulation associated with root thickening and isoflavonoid biosynthesis in C. speciosa is proposed, which will help in understanding the underlying mechanisms of tuberous root formation and isoflavonoid biosynthesis.
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