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Praat M, Jiang Z, Earle J, Smeekens S, van Zanten M. Using a thermal gradient table to study plant temperature signalling and response across a temperature spectrum. PLANT METHODS 2024; 20:114. [PMID: 39075474 PMCID: PMC11285400 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-024-01230-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Plants must cope with ever-changing temperature conditions in their environment. In many plant species, suboptimal high and low temperatures can induce adaptive mechanisms that allow optimal performance. Thermomorphogenesis is the acclimation to high ambient temperature, whereas cold acclimation refers to the acquisition of cold tolerance following a period of low temperatures. The molecular mechanisms underlying thermomorphogenesis and cold acclimation are increasingly well understood but neither signalling components that have an apparent role in acclimation to both cold and warmth, nor factors determining dose-responsiveness, are currently well defined. This can be explained in part by practical limitations, as applying temperature gradients requires the use of multiple growth conditions simultaneously, usually unavailable in research laboratories. Here we demonstrate that commercially available thermal gradient tables can be used to grow and assess plants over a defined and adjustable steep temperature gradient within one experiment. We describe technical and thermodynamic aspects and provide considerations for plant growth and treatment. We show that plants display the expected morphological, physiological, developmental and molecular responses that are typically associated with high temperature and cold acclimation. This includes temperature dose-response effects on seed germination, hypocotyl elongation, leaf development, hyponasty, rosette growth, temperature marker gene expression, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, ion leakage and hydrogen peroxide levels. In conclusion, thermal gradient table systems enable standardized and predictable environments to study plant responses to varying temperature regimes and can be swiftly implemented in research on temperature signalling and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe Praat
- Plant Stress Resilience, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584CH, The Netherlands
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584CH, The Netherlands
| | - Zhang Jiang
- Plant Stress Resilience, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584CH, The Netherlands
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584CH, The Netherlands
| | - Joe Earle
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584CH, The Netherlands
- Present address: Evolutionary Plant Ecophysiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - Sjef Smeekens
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584CH, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn van Zanten
- Plant Stress Resilience, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584CH, The Netherlands.
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584CH, The Netherlands.
- Netherlands Plant Eco-Phenotyping Centre, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 6, Utrecht, 3584CH, The Netherlands.
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2
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Gao Y, Qiao L, Mei C, Nong L, Li Q, Zhang X, Li R, Gao W, Chen F, Chang L, Zhang S, Guo H, Cheng T, Wen H, Chang Z, Li X. Mapping of a Major-Effect Quantitative Trait Locus for Seed Dormancy in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3681. [PMID: 38612492 PMCID: PMC11011268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The excavation and utilization of dormancy loci in breeding are effective endeavors for enhancing the resistance to pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) of wheat varieties. CH1539 is a wheat breeding line with high-level seed dormancy. To clarify the dormant loci carried by CH1539 and obtain linked molecular markers, in this study, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross of weak dormant SY95-71 and strong dormant CH1539 was genotyped using the Wheat17K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, and a high-density genetic map covering 21 chromosomes and consisting of 2437 SNP markers was constructed. Then, the germination percentage (GP) and germination index (GI) of the seeds from each RIL were estimated. Two QTLs for GP on chromosomes 5A and 6B, and four QTLs for GI on chromosomes 5A, 6B, 6D and 7A were identified. Among them, the QTL on chromosomes 6B controlling both GP and GI, temporarily named QGp/Gi.sxau-6B, is a major QTL for seed dormancy with the maximum phenotypic variance explained of 17.66~34.11%. One PCR-based diagnostic marker Ger6B-3 for QGp/Gi.sxau-6B was developed, and the genetic effect of QGp/Gi.sxau-6B on the RIL population and a set of wheat germplasm comprising 97 accessions was successfully confirmed. QGp/Gi.sxau-6B located in the 28.7~30.9 Mbp physical position is different from all the known dormancy loci on chromosomes 6B, and within the interval, there are 30 high-confidence annotated genes. Our results revealed a novel QTL QGp/Gi.sxau-6B whose CH1539 allele had a strong and broad effect on seed dormancy, which will be useful in further PHS-resistant wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xin Li
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Molecular Improvement, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (Y.G.)
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3
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Zhang J, Zhao P, Chen S, Sun L, Mao J, Tan S, Xiang C. The ABI3-ERF1 module mediates ABA-auxin crosstalk to regulate lateral root emergence. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112809. [PMID: 37450369 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in lateral root (LR) development, but how ABA signaling interacts with auxin signaling to regulate LR formation is not well understood. Here, we report that ABA-responsive ERF1 mediates the crosstalk between ABA and auxin signaling to regulate Arabidopsis LR emergence. ABI3 is a negative factor in LR emergence and transcriptionally activates ERF1 by binding to its promoter, and reciprocally, ERF1 activates ABI3, which forms a regulatory loop that enables rapid signal amplification. Notably, ABI3 physically interacts with ERF1, reducing the cis element-binding activities of both ERF1 and ABI3 and thus attenuating the expression of ERF1-/ABI3-regulated genes involved in LR emergence and ABA signaling, such as PIN1, AUX1, ARF7, and ABI5, which may provide a molecular rheostat to avoid overamplification of auxin and ABA signaling. Taken together, our findings identify the role of the ABI3-ERF1 module in mediating crosstalk between ABA and auxin signaling in LR emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, China
| | - Pingxia Zhao
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, China.
| | - Siyan Chen
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, China
| | - Liangqi Sun
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, China
| | - Jieli Mao
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, China
| | - Shutang Tan
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, China
| | - Chengbin Xiang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, China.
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4
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Zhang R, Dong Y, Li Y, Ren G, Chen C, Jin X. SLs signal transduction gene CsMAX2 of cucumber positively regulated to salt, drought and ABA stress in Arabidopsis thaliana L. Gene 2023; 864:147282. [PMID: 36822526 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that strigolactones (SLs) participate in the regulation of stress adaptation, however, the mechanisms remain elusive. MAX2 (MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2) is the key gene in the signal transduction pathway of SLs. This study aimed to clone and functionally characterize the CsMAX2 gene of cucumber in Arabidopsis. The results showed that the expression levels of the CsMAX2 gene changed significantly after salt, drought, and ABA stresses in cucumber. Moreover, the overexpression of CsMAX2 promoted stress tolerance and increased the germination rate and root length of Arabidopsis thaliana. Meanwhile, the content of chlorophyll increased and malondialdehyde decreased in CsMAX2 OE lines under salt and drought stresses. Additionally, the expression levels of stress-related marker genes, especially AREB1 and COR15A, were significantly upregulated under salt stress, while the expression levels of all genes were upregulated under drought stress, except ABI4 and ABI5 genes. The level of NCED3 continued to rise under both salt and drought stresses. In addition, D10 and D27 gene expression level also showed a continuous increase under ABA stress. The result suggested the interaction between SL and ABA in the process of adapting to stress. Overall, CsMAX2 could positively regulate salt, drought, and ABA stress resistance, and this process correlated with ABA transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runming Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanlong Dong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China; Horticulture Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangyue Ren
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoxia Jin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China.
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Patil V, Nandi AK. POWERDRESS positively regulates systemic acquired resistance in Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:2351-2362. [PMID: 36152035 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02926-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PWR, an epigenetic regulator, and PIF4, a transcription factor coordinately regulate both local resistance and systemic acquired resistance in Arabidopsis. A plant that gets infected once becomes resistant to subsequent infections through the development of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Primary-infected tissues generate mobile signals that travel to systemic tissues and cause epigenetic changes associated with the SAR activation. Epigenetic regulators and the process of infection memory development are largely obscure for plants. POWERDRESS (PWR), a SANT domain-containing histone deacetylation (HDAC) promoting gene, is essential for thermomorphogenesis. Here we show that PWR is required for the SAR activation in Arabidopsis. The pwr mutants in Ler and Col-0 background possess normal local resistance but are defective in SAR. PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) genetically interacts with PWR for flowering and thermomorphogenesis and is a negative regulator of basal immunity. We found a cooperative function for suppressing basal immunity and SAR activation by PIF4 and PWR, respectively. PWR promotes the expression of SA biosynthesis genes and the accumulation of SA in the systemic tissues. RSI1/FLD, which influences histone methylation and acetylation, is essential to infection memory development in Arabidopsis. Our results show that PWR and RSI1 positively regulate each other's expression. Exogenous application of HDAC inhibitor sodium butyrate abolishes SAR-mediated SA accumulation, expression of PR1 gene, and protection against pathogens after challenge inoculation. The results indicate the possibility of the involvement of HDAC activity of PWR in the formation of infection memory development in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Patil
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 415, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ashis Kumar Nandi
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 415, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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6
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Castro-Camba R, Sánchez C, Vidal N, Vielba JM. Plant Development and Crop Yield: The Role of Gibberellins. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2650. [PMID: 36235516 PMCID: PMC9571322 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellins have been classically related to a few key developmental processes, thus being essential for the accurate unfolding of plant genetic programs. After more than a century of research, over one hundred different gibberellins have been described. There is a continuously increasing interest in gibberellins research because of their relevant role in the so-called "Green Revolution", as well as their current and possible applications in crop improvement. The functions attributed to gibberellins have been traditionally restricted to the regulation of plant stature, seed germination, and flowering. Nonetheless, research in the last years has shown that these functions extend to many other relevant processes. In this review, the current knowledge on gibberellins homeostasis and mode of action is briefly outlined, while specific attention is focused on the many different responses in which gibberellins take part. Thus, those genes and proteins identified as being involved in the regulation of gibberellin responses in model and non-model species are highlighted. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the state-of-the-art perception of gibberellins molecular biology and its effects on plant development. This picture might be helpful to enhance our current understanding of gibberellins biology and provide the know-how for the development of more accurate research and breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jesús Mª Vielba
- Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 15780 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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7
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Perrella G, Bäurle I, van Zanten M. Epigenetic regulation of thermomorphogenesis and heat stress tolerance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:1144-1160. [PMID: 35037247 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many environmental conditions fluctuate and organisms need to respond effectively. This is especially true for temperature cues that can change in minutes to seasons and often follow a diurnal rhythm. Plants cannot migrate and most cannot regulate their temperature. Therefore, a broad array of responses have evolved to deal with temperature cues from freezing to heat stress. A particular response to mildly elevated temperatures is called thermomorphogenesis, a suite of morphological adaptations that includes thermonasty, formation of thin leaves and elongation growth of petioles and hypocotyl. Thermomorphogenesis allows for optimal performance in suboptimal temperature conditions by enhancing the cooling capacity. When temperatures rise further, heat stress tolerance mechanisms can be induced that enable the plant to survive the stressful temperature, which typically comprises cellular protection mechanisms and memory thereof. Induction of thermomorphogenesis, heat stress tolerance and stress memory depend on gene expression regulation, governed by diverse epigenetic processes. In this Tansley review we update on the current knowledge of epigenetic regulation of heat stress tolerance and elevated temperature signalling and response, with a focus on thermomorphogenesis regulation and heat stress memory. In particular we highlight the emerging role of H3K4 methylation marks in diverse temperature signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Perrella
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Trisaia Research Centre, S.S. Ionica, km 419.5, 75026, Rotondella (Matera), Italy
| | - Isabel Bäurle
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martijn van Zanten
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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CaSWC4 regulates the immunity-thermotolerance tradeoff by recruiting CabZIP63/CaWRKY40 to target genes and activating chromatin in pepper. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010023. [PMID: 35226664 PMCID: PMC8884482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pepper (Capsicum annuum) responds differently to high temperature stress (HTS) and Ralstonia solanacearum infection (RSI) but employs some shared transcription factors (TFs), such as CabZIP63 and CaWRKY40, in both cases. How the plant activates and balances these distinct responses, however, was unclear. Here, we show that the protein CaSWC4 interacts with CaRUVBL2 and CaTAF14b and they all act positively in pepper response to RSI and thermotolerance. CaSWC4 activates chromatin of immunity or thermotolerance related target genes of CaWRKY40 or CabZIP63 by promoting deposition of H2A.Z, H3K9ac and H4K5ac, simultaneously recruits CabZIP63 and CaWRKY40 through physical interaction and brings them to their targets (immunity- or thermotolerance-related genes) via binding AT-rich DNA element. The above process relies on the recruitment of CaRUVBL2 and TAF14 by CaSWC4 via physical interaction, which occurs at loci of immunity related target genes only when the plants are challenged with RSI, and at loci of thermotolerance related target genes only upon HTS. Collectively, our data suggest that CaSWC4 regulates rapid, accurate responses to both RSI and HTS by modulating chromatin of specific target genes opening and recruiting the TFs, CaRUVBL2 and CaTAF14b to the specific target genes, thereby helping achieve the balance between immunity and thermotolerance.
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Rathour M, Shumayla, Alok A, Upadhyay SK. Investigation of Roles of TaTALE Genes during Development and Stress Response in Bread Wheat. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:587. [PMID: 35270056 PMCID: PMC8912380 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The three amino acid loop extension (TALE) genes of the homeobox superfamily are responsible for numerous biological functions in plants. Herein, we identified a total of 72 TaTALE genes in the allohexaploid genome of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and performed a comprehensive investigation for gene and protein structural properties, phylogeny, expression patterns, and multilevel gene regulations. The identified TaTALE proteins were further classified into two groups, TaBLHs and TaKNOXs, which were tightly clustered into the phylogeny. The negative Ka/Ks ratio of duplicated genes suggested purifying selection pressure with confined functional divergence. Various signature domains and motifs were found conserved in both groups of proteins. The occurrence of diverse cis-regulatory elements and modulated expression during various developmental stages and in the presence of abiotic (heat, drought, salt) and two different fungal stresses suggested their roles in development and stress response, as well. The interaction of TaTALEs with the miRNAs and other development-related homeobox proteins also suggested their roles in growth and development and stress response. The present study revealed several important aspects of TaTALEs that will be useful in further functional validation of these genes in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Rathour
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; (M.R.); (S.)
| | - Shumayla
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; (M.R.); (S.)
| | - Anshu Alok
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA;
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Han Y, Zhang L, Yan L, Xiong X, Wang W, Zhang XH, Min DH. Genome-wide analysis of TALE superfamily in Triticum aestivum reveals TaKNOX11-A is involved in abiotic stress response. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:89. [PMID: 35100988 PMCID: PMC8805372 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three-amino-loop-extension (TALE) superfamily genes are widely present in plants and function directly in plant growth and development and abiotic stress response. Although TALE genes have been studied in many plant species, members of the TALE family have not been identified in wheat. RESULTS In this study, we identified 70 wheat TALE protein candidate genes divided into two subfamilies, KNOX (KNOTTED-like homeodomain) and BEL1-like (BLH/BELL homeodomain). Genes in the same subfamily or branch in the phylogenetic tree are similar in structure, and their encoded proteins have similar motifs and conserved structures. Wheat TALE genes are unevenly distributed on 21 chromosomes and expanded on the fourth chromosome. Through gene duplication analysis, 53 pairs of wheat TALE genes were determined to result from segmental duplication events, and five pairs were caused by tandem duplication events. The Ka/Ks between TALE gene pairs indicates a strong purification and selection effect. There are multiple cis-elements in the 2000 bp promoter sequence that respond to hormones and abiotic stress, indicating that most wheat TALE genes are involved in the growth, development, and stress response of wheat. We also studied the expression profiles of wheat TALE genes in different developmental stages and tissues and under different stress treatments. We detected the expression levels of four TALE genes by qRT-PCR, and selected TaKNOX11-A for further downstream analysis. TaKNOX11-A enhanced the drought and salt tolerances of Arabidopsis thaliana. TaKNOX11-A overexpressing plants had decreased malondialdehyde content and increased proline content, allowing for more effective adaptation of plants to unfavorable environments. CONCLUSIONS We identified TALE superfamily members in wheat and conducted a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. The discovery of the potential role of TaKNOX11-A in drought resistance and salt tolerance provides a basis for follow-up studies of wheat TALE family members, and also provides new genetic resources for improving the stress resistance of wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Luyu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinxin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Shaanxi Agricultural Machinery Appraisal and Extension Station, Xian, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Dong-Hong Min
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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11
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Ding X, Jia X, Xiang Y, Jiang W. Histone Modification and Chromatin Remodeling During the Seed Life Cycle. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:865361. [PMID: 35548305 PMCID: PMC9083068 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.865361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Seeds are essential for the reproduction and dispersion of spermatophytes. The seed life cycle from seed development to seedling establishment proceeds through a series of defined stages regulated by distinctive physiological and biochemical mechanisms. The role of histone modification and chromatin remodeling in seed behavior has been intensively studied in recent years. In this review, we summarize progress in elucidating the regulatory network of these two kinds of epigenetic regulation during the seed life cycle, especially in two model plants, rice and Arabidopsis. Particular emphasis is placed on epigenetic effects on primary tissue formation (e.g., the organized development of embryo and endosperm), pivotal downstream gene expression (e.g., transcription of DOG1 in seed dormancy and repression of seed maturation genes in seed-to-seedling transition), and environmental responses (e.g., seed germination in response to different environmental cues). Future prospects for understanding of intricate interplay of epigenetic pathways and the epigenetic mechanisms in other commercial species are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiali Ding
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuhui Jia
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yong Xiang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenhui Jiang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Wenhui Jiang,
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12
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Hu Y, Zhou L, Yang Y, Zhang W, Chen Z, Li X, Qian Q, Kong F, Li Y, Liu X, Hou X. The gibberellin signaling negative regulator RGA-LIKE3 promotes seed storage protein accumulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1697-1707. [PMID: 33793917 PMCID: PMC8133674 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Seed storage protein (SSP) acts as one of the main components of seed storage reserves, of which accumulation is tightly mediated by a sophisticated regulatory network. However, whether and how gibberellin (GA) signaling is involved in this important biological event is not fully understood. Here, we show that SSP content in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is significantly reduced by GA and increased in the GA biosynthesis triple mutant ga3ox1/3/4. Further investigation shows that the DELLA protein RGA-LIKE3 (RGL3), a negative regulator of GA signaling, is important for SSP accumulation. In rgl3 and 35S:RGL3-HA, the expression of SSP genes is down- and upregulated, respectively, compared with that in the wild-type. RGL3 interacts with ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3), a critical transcription factor for seed developmental processes governing SSP accumulation, both in vivo and in vitro, thus greatly promoting the transcriptional activating ability of ABI3 on SSP genes. In addition, genetic evidence shows that RGL3 and ABI3 regulate SSP accumulation in an interdependent manner. Therefore, we reveal a function of RGL3, a little studied DELLA member, as a coactivator of ABI3 to promote SSP biosynthesis during seed maturation stage. This finding advances the understanding of mechanisms in GA-mediated seed storage reserve accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Hu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Limeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuhua Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhonghui Chen
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Qian Qian
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Fanjiang Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuge Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xingliang Hou
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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13
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Longo C, Holness S, De Angelis V, Lepri A, Occhigrossi S, Ruta V, Vittorioso P. From the Outside to the Inside: New Insights on the Main Factors That Guide Seed Dormancy and Germination. Genes (Basel) 2020; 12:genes12010052. [PMID: 33396410 PMCID: PMC7824603 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition from a dormant to a germinating seed represents a crucial developmental switch in the life cycle of a plant. Subsequent transition from a germinating seed to an autotrophic organism also requires a robust and multi-layered control. Seed germination and seedling growth are multistep processes, involving both internal and external signals, which lead to a fine-tuning control network. In recent years, numerous studies have contributed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes: from light signaling and light-hormone crosstalk to the effects of abiotic stresses, from epigenetic regulation to translational control. However, there are still many open questions and molecular elements to be identified. This review will focus on the different aspects of the molecular control of seed dormancy and germination, pointing out new molecular elements and how these integrate in the signaling pathways already known.
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14
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Xu L, Xiong X, Liu W, Liu T, Yu Y, Cao J. BcMF30a and BcMF30c, Two Novel Non-Tandem CCCH Zinc-Finger Proteins, Function in Pollen Development and Pollen Germination in Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176428. [PMID: 32899329 PMCID: PMC7504113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris) is an economically important leaf vegetable crop worldwide. Mounting studies have shown that cysteine-cysteine-cysteine-histidine (CCCH) zinc-finger protein genes are involved in various plant growth and development processes. However, research on the involvement of these genes in male reproductive development is still in its infancy. Here, we identified 11 male fertility-related CCCH genes in Chinese cabbage. Among them, a pair of paralogs encoding novel non-tandem CCCH zinc-finger proteins, Brassica campestris Male Fertility 30a (BcMF30a) and BcMF30c, were further characterized. They were highly expressed in pollen during microgametogenesis and continued to express in germinated pollen. Further analyses demonstrated that both BcMF30a and BcMF30c may play a dual role as transcription factors and RNA-binding proteins in plant cells. Functional analysis showed that partial bcmf30a bcmf30c pollen grains were aborted due to the degradation of pollen inclusion at the microgametogenesis phase, and the germination rate of viable pollen was also greatly reduced, indicating that BcMF30a and BcMF30c are required for both pollen development and pollen germination. This research provided insights into the function of CCCH proteins in regulating male reproductive development and laid a theoretical basis for hybrid breeding of Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liai Xu
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.X.); (X.X.); (W.L.); (T.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xingpeng Xiong
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.X.); (X.X.); (W.L.); (T.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weimiao Liu
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.X.); (X.X.); (W.L.); (T.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.X.); (X.X.); (W.L.); (T.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Youjian Yu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an 311300, China;
| | - Jiashu Cao
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.X.); (X.X.); (W.L.); (T.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-131-8501-1958
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15
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Perrella G, Zioutopoulou A, Headland LR, Kaiserli E. The impact of light and temperature on chromatin organization and plant adaptation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5247-5255. [PMID: 32215554 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Light and temperature shape the developmental trajectory and morphology of plants. Changes in chromatin organization and nuclear architecture can modulate gene expression and lead to short- and long-term plant adaptation to the environment. Here, we review recent reports investigating how changes in chromatin composition, structure, and topology modulate gene expression in response to fluctuating light and temperature conditions resulting in developmental and physiological responses. Furthermore, the potential application of novel revolutionary techniques, such Hi-C, RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and padlock-FISH, to study the impact of environmental stimuli such as light and temperature on nuclear compartmentalization in plants is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Perrella
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- ENEA-Trisaia Research Centre 75026, Rotondella (Matera), Italy
| | - Anna Zioutopoulou
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lauren R Headland
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Eirini Kaiserli
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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16
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Jiang J, Ding AB, Liu F, Zhong X. Linking signaling pathways to histone acetylation dynamics in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5179-5190. [PMID: 32333777 PMCID: PMC7475247 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants face versatile environmental challenges and require proper responses at multiple levels for survival. Epigenetic modification of DNA and histones is a conserved gene-regulatory mechanism and plays critical roles in diverse aspects of biological processes, ranging from genome defense and imprinting to development and physiology. In recent years, emerging studies have revealed the interplay between signaling transduction pathways, epigenetic modifications, and chromatin cascades. Specifically, histone acetylation and deacetylation dictate plant responses to environmental cues by modulating chromatin dynamics to regulate downstream gene expression as signaling outputs. In this review, we summarize current understandings of the link between plant signaling pathways and epigenetic modifications with a focus on histone acetylation and deacetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Jiang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Genetics & Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Adeline B Ding
- Laboratory of Genetics & Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Fengquan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Correspondence: or
| | - Xuehua Zhong
- Laboratory of Genetics & Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Correspondence: or
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17
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Zhang T, Liu M, Huang X, Hu W, Qiao N, Song H, Zhang B, Zhang R, Yang Z, Liu Y, Miao Y, Han S, Wang D. Direct effects of nitrogen addition on seed germination of eight semi-arid grassland species. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:8793-8800. [PMID: 32884657 PMCID: PMC7452761 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed germination plays an important role in mediating plant species composition of grassland communities under nitrogen (N) enrichment. Shifts of plant community structure with N-enhanced deposition in terrestrial ecosystems have occurred globally. Despite numerous studies about the effects of enhanced N deposition on mature plant communities, few studies have focused on seed germination. Using a laboratory experiment, we report the effects of five N concentrations, including 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mM N (NH4NO3) on seed germination of eight semi-arid grassland species. Results showed that low N concentrations (5- and 20-mM N) promoted mean final germination proportion of all eight species by 4.4% and 6.4%, but high concentrations (40 mM N) had no effect. The mean germination rate was decreased 2.1% and 5.1% by higher N concentration (20- and 40-mM N) levels, but germination start time showed the opposite trend, delayed by 0.7, 0.9, and 1.8 d for the 10, 20, and 40 mM N treatments. Final germination proportion, mean germination rate, and germination start time were significantly different among species in response to N concentration treatments. The final germination proportion of Allium tenuissimum and Chenopodium glaucum were suppressed by increased N concentration, whereas it increased for Potentilla bifurca, Plantago asiatica, and Setaria viridis. Our findings provide novel insights into N deposition-induced species loss based on seed germination factors in semi-arid grassland communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Global Change EcologySchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Mengzhou Liu
- College of Environment and PlanningHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Xudong Huang
- College of Water ResourcesNorth China University of Water Resources and ElectricZhengzhouChina
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols AgroecologyNortheast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesHarbinChina
| | - Ning Qiao
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Global Change EcologySchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Hongquan Song
- College of Environment and PlanningHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Bing Zhang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Global Change EcologySchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid RegionsNorthwest Surveying, Planning and Designing Institute of National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationXi'anChina
| | - Zhongling Yang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Global Change EcologySchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Yinzhan Liu
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Global Change EcologySchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Yuan Miao
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Global Change EcologySchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Shijie Han
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Global Change EcologySchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Dong Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Global Change EcologySchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
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18
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Identification and characterization of the stunted sterile (ss) mutant in rice. Genes Genomics 2020; 42:869-882. [PMID: 32506267 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-00954-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proper organ development is pivotal for normal rice growth and production. Many genes are involved in this process, and these genes provide a basis for rice breeding. OBJECTIVE To identify a novel mutation causing developmental defects in rice. METHODS The phenotype of a rice mutant, stunted sterile (ss), identified from the japonica rice cultivar Samkwang treated with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, was characterized, including anatomical and pollen activity analyses. A genetic analysis and fine mapping were performed to identify a candidate locus, followed by a sequence analysis to determine the causal mutation for the phenotype. RESULTS Compared with wild-type plants, the mutant exhibited a 34% reduction in height, 46% reduction in flag leaf width, and complete panicle sterility. Cell proliferation in the leaf and pollen viability were significantly inhibited in the mutant. The mutant phenotypes were controlled by a single recessive gene that was fine-mapped to an 84 kb region between two SNP markers on the short arm of chromosome 5. A candidate gene analysis determined that the mutant carries an 11 bp insertion in the coding region of LOC_Os05g03550, which encodes a protein containing two SANT domains, resulting in a premature termination codon before the conserved domain. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel rice gene, Stunted sterile, involved in the regulation of various developmental processes. Our findings improve our understanding of the role of chromatin remodeling in organ development and have implications for breeding owing to the broad effects of the gene on plant growth.
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19
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Carrera-Castaño G, Calleja-Cabrera J, Pernas M, Gómez L, Oñate-Sánchez L. An Updated Overview on the Regulation of Seed Germination. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9060703. [PMID: 32492790 PMCID: PMC7356954 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability of a seed to germinate and establish a plant at the right time of year is of vital importance from an ecological and economical point of view. Due to the fragility of these early growth stages, their swiftness and robustness will impact later developmental stages and crop yield. These traits are modulated by a continuous interaction between the genetic makeup of the plant and the environment from seed production to germination stages. In this review, we have summarized the established knowledge on the control of seed germination from a molecular and a genetic perspective. This serves as a “backbone” to integrate the latest developments in the field. These include the link of germination to events occurring in the mother plant influenced by the environment, the impact of changes in the chromatin landscape, the discovery of new players and new insights related to well-known master regulators. Finally, results from recent studies on hormone transport, signaling, and biophysical and mechanical tissue properties are underscoring the relevance of tissue-specific regulation and the interplay of signals in this crucial developmental process.
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