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Vӧlz R, Kim KT, Alazem M, Harris W, Hwang S, Lee YH. Lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine triggers immunity against necrotrophs by promoting JA-signaling and ROS-homeostasis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:237-247. [PMID: 38085407 PMCID: PMC10721665 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01385-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of the plant defense response by bioactive molecules is of increasing interest. However, despite plant cell lipids being one of the major cellular components, their role in plant immunity remains elusive. We found that the exogenous application of the cell-membrane localized phospholipid lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) reprograms the plant transcript profile in favor of defense-associated genes thereby priming the plant immune system. Exogenous LPE application to different Arabidopsis accessions increases resistance against the necrotrophic pathogens, Botrytis cinerea and Cochliobolus heterostrophus. We found that the immunity-promoting effect of LPE is repealed in the jasmonic acid (JA) receptor mutant coi1, but multiplied in the JA-hypersensitive mutant feronia (fer-4). The JA-signaling repressor JAZ1 is degraded following LPE administration, suggesting that JA-signaling is promoted by LPE. Following LPE-treatment, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation is affected in coi1 and fer-4. Moreover, FER signaling inhibitors of the RALF family are strongly expressed after LPE application, and RALF23 is internalized in stress granules, suggesting the LPE-mediated repression of FER-signaling by promoting RALF function. The in-situ increase of LPE-abundance in the LPE-catabolic mutants lpeat1 and lpeat2 elevates plant resistance to B. cinerea, in contrast to the endogenous LPE-deficient mutant pla2-alpha. We show that LPE increases plant resistance against necrotrophs by promoting JA-signaling and ROS-homeostasis, thereby paving the way for the LPE-targeted genomic engineering of crops to raise their ability to resist biotic threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Vӧlz
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
| | - Ki-Tae Kim
- Department of Agricultural Life Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Korea
| | - Mazen Alazem
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - William Harris
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | | | - Yong-Hwan Lee
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
- Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
- Center for Plant Microbiome Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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Sun Y, Cai D, Qin D, Chen J, Su Y, Zheng X, Meng Z, Zhang J, Xiong L, Dong Z, Cheng P, Peng X, Yu G. The plant protection preparation GZM improves crop immunity, yield, and quality. iScience 2023; 26:106819. [PMID: 37250797 PMCID: PMC10212988 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lauryl alcohol, a natural compound found in plants and other organisms, is widely used to make surfactants, food, and pharmaceuticals. GZM, a plant protection preparation with lauryl alcohol as its major component is thought to establish a physical barrier on the plant surface, but its physiological functions are unknown. Here, we show that GZM improves the performance of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) plants in both the laboratory and the field. We demonstrate that the treatment with GZM or lauryl alcohol raises the contents of several specific lysophospholipids and induces the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, and wax in various plant species. In the field, GZM improves crop immunity, yield, and quality. In addition, GZM and lauryl alcohol can inhibit the growth of some pathogenic fungi. Our findings provide insights into the physiological and biological effects of GZM treatment on plants and show that GZM and lauryl alcohol are promising preparations in agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Sun
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests, Guangzhou 510225, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Dianxian Cai
- Laboratory of Plant Health, Zhuhai Runnong Science and Technology Co. Ltd, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Di Qin
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests, Guangzhou 510225, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Jialiang Chen
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yutong Su
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests, Guangzhou 510225, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests, Guangzhou 510225, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Zhen Meng
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests, Guangzhou 510225, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests, Guangzhou 510225, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Lina Xiong
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhangyong Dong
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests, Guangzhou 510225, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Xiaoming Peng
- Laboratory of Plant Health, Zhuhai Runnong Science and Technology Co. Ltd, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Guohui Yu
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests, Guangzhou 510225, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
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Inhibition of PLA2G4E/cPLA2 promotes survival of random skin flaps by alleviating Lysosomal membrane permeabilization-Induced necroptosis. Autophagy 2021; 18:1841-1863. [PMID: 34872436 PMCID: PMC9450981 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.2002109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrosis that appears at the ischemic distal end of random-pattern skin flaps increases the pain and economic burden of patients. Necroptosis is thought to contribute to flap necrosis. Lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) plays an indispensable role in the regulation of necroptosis. Nonetheless, the mechanisms by which lysosomal membranes become leaky and the relationship between necroptosis and lysosomes are still unclear in ischemic flaps. Based on Western blotting, immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis results, we found that LMP was presented in the ischemic distal portion of random-pattern skin flaps, which leads to disruption of lysosomal function and macroautophagic/autophagic flux, increased necroptosis, and aggravated necrosis of the ischemic flaps. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis of the LC-MS results enabled us to focus on the role of PLA2G4E/cPLA2 (phospholipase A2, group IVE) in LMP of the ischemic flaps. In vivo inhibition of PLA2G4E with an adeno-associated virus vector attenuated LMP and necroptosis, and promoted flap survival. In addition, microRNA-seq helped us determine that Mir504-5p was differentially expressed in ischemic flaps. A string of in vitro and in vivo tests was employed to verify the inhibitory effect of Mir504-5p on PLA2G4E, LMP and necroptosis. Finally, we concluded that the inhibition of PLA2G4E by Mir504-5p reduced LMP-induced necroptosis, thereby promoting the survival of random-pattern skin flaps.
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Ma Q, Hu Y, Dong X, Zhou G, Liu X, Gu Q, Wei Q. Metabolic Profiling and Gene Expression Analysis Unveil Differences in Flavonoid and Lipid Metabolisms Between 'Huapi' Kumquat ( Fortunella crassifolia Swingle) and Its Wild Type. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:759968. [PMID: 34925410 PMCID: PMC8675212 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.759968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanism underlying special characteristic differences between a spontaneous seedling mutant 'Huapi' kumquat (HP) and its wild-type 'Rongan' kumquat (RA), the fruit quality, metabolic profiles, and gene expressions of the peel and flesh were comprehensively analyzed. Compared with RA, HP fruit has distinctive phenotypes such as glossy peel, light color, and few amounts of oil glands. Interestingly, HP also accumulated higher flavonoid (approximately 4.1-fold changes) than RA. Based on metabolomics analysis, we identified 201 differential compounds, including 65 flavonoids and 37 lipids. Most of the differential flavonoids were glycosylated by hexoside and accumulated higher contents in the peel but lower in the flesh of HP than those of RA fruit. For differential lipids, most of them belonged to lysophosphatidycholines (LysoPCs) and lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LysoPEs) and exhibited low abundance in both peel and flesh of HP fruit. In addition, structural genes associated with the flavonoid and lipid pathways were differentially regulated between the two kumquat varieties. Gene expression analysis also revealed the significant roles of UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) and phospholipase genes in flavonoid and glycerophospholipid metabolisms, respectively. These findings provide valuable information for interpreting the mutation mechanism of HP kumquat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Ma
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yongwei Hu
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinghua Dong
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Gaofeng Zhou
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Gu
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qingjiang Wei
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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5
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He M, Wang Y, Jahan MS, Liu W, Raziq A, Sun J, Shu S, Guo S. Characterization of SlBAG Genes from Solanum lycopersicum and Its Function in Response to Dark-Induced Leaf Senescence. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050947. [PMID: 34068645 PMCID: PMC8151600 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The Bcl-2-associated athanogene (BAG) family is a group of evolutionarily conserved cochaperones involved in diverse cellular functions. Here, ten putative SlBAG genes were identified in tomato. SlBAG2 and SlBAG5b have the same gene structure and conserved domains, along with highly similar identity to their homologs in Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, and Triticum aestivum. The qPCR data showed that BAG2 and BAG5b were highly expressed in stems and flowers. Moreover, both genes were differentially expressed under diverse abiotic stimuli, including cold stress, heat stress, salt treatment, and UV irradiation, and treatments with phytohormones, namely, ABA, SA, MeJA, and ETH. Subcellular localization showed that SlBAG2 and SlBAG5b were located in the cell membrane and nucleus. To elucidate the functions in leaf senescence of BAG2 and BAG5b, the full-length CDSs of BAG2 and BAG5b were cloned, and transgenic tomatoes were developed. Compared with WT plants, those overexpressing BAG2 and BAG5b had significantly increased chlorophyll contents, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and photosynthetic rates but obviously decreased ROS levels, chlorophyll degradation and leaf senescence related gene expression under dark stress. Conclusively, overexpression SlBAG2 and SlBAG5b could improve the tolerance of tomato leaves to dark stress and delay leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming He
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.H.); (Y.W.); (M.S.J.); (W.L.); (A.R.); (J.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.H.); (Y.W.); (M.S.J.); (W.L.); (A.R.); (J.S.); (S.S.)
- Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Mohammad Shah Jahan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.H.); (Y.W.); (M.S.J.); (W.L.); (A.R.); (J.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Weikang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.H.); (Y.W.); (M.S.J.); (W.L.); (A.R.); (J.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Abdul Raziq
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.H.); (Y.W.); (M.S.J.); (W.L.); (A.R.); (J.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Jin Sun
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.H.); (Y.W.); (M.S.J.); (W.L.); (A.R.); (J.S.); (S.S.)
- Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Sheng Shu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.H.); (Y.W.); (M.S.J.); (W.L.); (A.R.); (J.S.); (S.S.)
- Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Shirong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.H.); (Y.W.); (M.S.J.); (W.L.); (A.R.); (J.S.); (S.S.)
- Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian 223800, China
- Correspondence:
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Hisano K, Yoshida H, Kawase S, Mimura T, Haniu H, Tsukahara T, Kurihara T, Matsuda Y, Saito N, Uemura T. Abundant oleoyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamine in brain stimulates neurite outgrowth and protects against glutamate toxicity in cultured cortical neurons. J Biochem 2021; 170:327-336. [PMID: 33822960 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LPEs) are bioactive lysophospholipids that have been suggested to play important roles in several biological processes. We performed a quantitative analysis of LPE species and showed their composition in mouse brain. We examined the roles of oleoyl-LPE (18:1 LPE), which is one of the abundant LPE species in brain. In cultured cortical neurons, application of 18:1 LPE stimulated neurite outgrowth. The effect of 18:1 LPE on neurite outgrowth was inhibited by Gq/11 inhibitor YM-254890, phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U73122, protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor Go6983, or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor U0126. Additionally, 18:1 LPE increased the phosphorylation of MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. These results suggest that the action of 18:1 LPE on neurite outgrowth is mediated by the Gq/11/PLC/PKC/MAPK pathway. Moreover, we found that application of 18:1 LPE protects neurons from glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. This effect of 18:1 LPE was suppressed by PKC inhibitor Go6983. These results suggest that 18:1 LPE protects neurons from glutamate toxicity via PKC inhibitor Go6983-sensitive PKC subtype. Collectively, our results demonstrated that 18:1 LPE stimulates neurite outgrowth and protects against glutamate toxicity in cultured cortical neurons. Our findings provide insights into the physiological or pathological roles of 18:1 LPE in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Hisano
- Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hironori Yoshida
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.,Graduate School of Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Shiori Kawase
- Division of Gene Research, Research Center for Supports to Advanced Science, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Mimura
- Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hisao Haniu
- Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Tsukahara
- Department of Pharmacology, and Therapeutic Innovation, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8531, Japan
| | - Taiga Kurihara
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281, Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Matsuda
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmaceutics, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281, Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Naoto Saito
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uemura
- Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.,Division of Gene Research, Research Center for Supports to Advanced Science, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
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7
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Völz R, Park JY, Harris W, Hwang S, Lee YH. Lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine primes the plant immune system and promotes basal resistance against hemibiotrophic pathogens. BMC Biotechnol 2021; 21:12. [PMID: 33536000 PMCID: PMC7856808 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-020-00661-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) is a natural phospholipid that functions in the early stages of plant senescence. Plant innate immunity and early leaf senescence share molecular components. To reveal conserved mechanisms that link-up both processes, we tried to unravel to what extent LPE coordinates defense response and by what mode of action. Result We found that LPE-treatment induces signaling and biosynthesis gene expression of the defensive hormone salicylic acid (SA). However, jasmonic acid and ethylene triggered gene induction levels are indistinguishable from the control. In accordance with gene induction for SA, oxidative stress, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, we detected raised in-situ hydrogen peroxide levels following LPE-application. Yet, ROS-burst assays of LPE-pretreated plants revealed a reduced release of ROS after PAMP-administration suggesting that LPE interferes with an oxidative burst. Our data refer to a priming effect of LPE on SA/ROS-associated genomic loci that encode pivotal factors in early senescence and considerably improve plant basal immunity. Thus, we challenged Arabidopsis thaliana with the hemibiotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Consistently, we found an increased resistance in the LPE-pretreated Arabidopsis plants compared to the mock-pretreated control. Conclusions Our results underscore a beneficial effect of LPE on plant innate immunity against hemibiotrophs. Given the resistance-promoting effect of exogenously applied LPE, this bio-agent bears the potential of being applied as a valuable tool for the genetic activation of defense-associated traits. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12896-020-00661-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Völz
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
| | - Ju-Young Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - William Harris
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | | | - Yong-Hwan Lee
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea. .,Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea. .,Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea. .,Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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8
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Iakimova ET, Michaeli R, Woltering EJ. Involvement of phospholipase D-related signal transduction in chemical-induced programmed cell death in tomato cell cultures. PROTOPLASMA 2013; 250:1169-1183. [PMID: 23604388 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-013-0497-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) and its product phosphatidic acid (PA) are incorporated in a complex metabolic network in which the individual PLD isoforms are suggested to regulate specific developmental and stress responses, including plant programmed cell death (PCD). Despite the accumulating knowledge, the mechanisms through which PLD/PA operate during PCD are still poorly understood. In this work, the role of PLDα1 in PCD and the associated caspase-like proteolysis, ethylene and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) synthesis in tomato suspension cells was studied. Wild-type (WT) and PLDα1-silenced cell lines were exposed to the cell death-inducing chemicals camptothecin (CPT), fumonisin B1 (FB1) and CdSO(4). A range of caspase inhibitors effectively suppressed CPT-induced PCD in WT cells, but failed to alleviate cell death in PLDα1-deficient cells. Compared to WT, in CPT-treated PLDα1 mutant cells, reduced cell death and decreased production of H(2)O(2) were observed. Application of ethylene significantly enhanced CPT-induced cell death both in WT and PLDα1 mutants. Treatments with the PA derivative lyso-phosphatidic acid and mastoparan (agonist of PLD/PLC signalling downstream of G proteins) caused severe cell death. Inhibitors, specific to PLD and PLC, remarkably decreased the chemical-induced cell death. Taken together with our previous findings, the results suggest that PLDα1 contributes to caspase-like-dependent cell death possibly communicated through PA, reactive oxygen species and ethylene. The dead cells expressed morphological features of PCD such as protoplast shrinkage and nucleus compaction. The presented findings reveal novel elements of PLD/PA-mediated cell death response and suggest that PLDα1 is an important factor in chemical-induced PCD signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena T Iakimova
- Plant Sciences Group, Horticultural Supply Chains, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 630, 6700 AP, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Flis VV, Daum G. Lipid transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2013; 5:5/6/a013235. [PMID: 23732475 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a013235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are partially autonomous organelles that depend on the import of certain proteins and lipids to maintain cell survival and membrane formation. Although phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin, and phosphatidylethanolamine are synthesized by mitochondrial enzymes, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, and sterols need to be imported from other organelles. The origin of most lipids imported into mitochondria is the endoplasmic reticulum, which requires interaction of these two subcellular compartments. Recently, protein complexes that are involved in membrane contact between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria were identified, but their role in lipid transport is still unclear. In the present review, we describe components involved in lipid translocation between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria and discuss functional as well as regulatory aspects that are important for lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vid V Flis
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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Liu P, Sun F, Gao R, Dong H. RAP2.6L overexpression delays waterlogging induced premature senescence by increasing stomatal closure more than antioxidant enzyme activity. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 79:609-22. [PMID: 22661072 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-012-9936-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Waterlogging usually results from overuse or poor management of irrigation water and is a serious constraint due to its damaging effects. RAP2.6L (At5g13330) overexpression enhances plant resistance to jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, it is not known whether RAP2.6L overexpression in vivo improves plant tolerance to waterlogging stress. In this study, the RAP2.6L transcript was induced by waterlogging or an ABA treatment, which was reduced after pretreatment with an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor tungstate. Water loss and membrane leakage were reduced in RAP2.6L overexpression plants under waterlogging stress. Time course analyses of ABA content and production of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) showed that increased ABA precedes the increase of H(2)O(2). It is also followed by a marked increase in the antioxidant enzyme activities. Increased ABA promoted stomatal closure and made leaves exhibit a delayed waterlogging induced premature senescence. Furthermore, RAP2.6L overexpression caused significant increases in the transcripts of antioxidant enzyme genes APX1 (ascorbate peroxidase 1) and FSD1 (Fe-superoxide dismutase 1), the ABA biosynthesis gene ABA1 (ABA deficient 1) and signaling gene ABH1 (ABA-hypersensitive 1) and the waterlogging responsive gene ADH1 (alcohol dehydrogenase 1), while the transcript of ABI1 (ABA insensitive 1) was decreased. ABA inhibits seed germination and seedling growth and phenotype analysis showed that the integration of abi1-1 mutation into the RAP2.6L overexpression lines reduces ABA sensitivity. These suggest that RAP2.6L overexpression delays waterlogging induced premature senescence and might function through ABI1-mediated ABA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqing Liu
- State Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Coulon D, Faure L, Salmon M, Wattelet V, Bessoule JJ. N-Acylethanolamines and related compounds: aspects of metabolism and functions. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 184:129-140. [PMID: 22284717 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
N-Acylethanolamines (NAE) are fatty acid derivates that are linked with an ethanolamine group via an amide bond. NAE can be characterized as lipid mediators in the plant and animal kingdoms owing to the diverse functions throughout the eukaryotic domain. The functions of NAE have been widely investigated in animal tissues in part due to their abilities to interact with the cannabinoid receptors, vanilloid receptors or peroxisome proliferator activated receptors. However, the interest of studying the functions of these lipids in plants is progressively becoming more apparent. The number of publications about the functions related to NAE and to structural analogs (homoserine lactone and alkamides) is greatly increasing, showing the importance of these lipids in various plant physiological processes. This review sheds light on their role in different processes such as seedling development, plant pathogen interaction, phospholipase D alpha inhibition and senescence of cut flowers, and underlines the interaction between NAE and NAE-related molecules with plant hormone signaling. The different metabolic pathways promoting the synthesis and degradation of NAE are also discussed, in particular the oxygenation of polyunsaturated N-acylethanolamines, which leads to NAE-oxylipins, a new family of bioactive lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Coulon
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Univ. de Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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Xiao S, Gao W, Chen QF, Chan SW, Zheng SX, Ma J, Wang M, Welti R, Chye ML. Overexpression of Arabidopsis acyl-CoA binding protein ACBP3 promotes starvation-induced and age-dependent leaf senescence. THE PLANT CELL 2010; 6:802-4. [PMID: 20442372 PMCID: PMC2899868 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.110.075333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, a family of six genes (ACBP1 to ACBP6) encodes acyl-CoA binding proteins (ACBPs). Investigations on ACBP3 reported here show its upregulation upon dark treatment and in senescing rosettes. Transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing ACBP3 (ACBP3-OEs) displayed accelerated leaf senescence, whereas an acbp3 T-DNA insertional mutant and ACBP3 RNA interference transgenic Arabidopsis lines were delayed in dark-induced leaf senescence. Acyl-CoA and lipid profiling revealed that the overexpression of ACBP3 led to an increase in acyl-CoA and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) levels, whereas ACBP3 downregulation reduced PE content. Moreover, significant losses in phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylinositol, and gains in phosphatidic acid (PA), lysophospholipids, and oxylipin-containing galactolipids (arabidopsides) were evident in 3-week-old dark-treated and 6-week-old premature senescing ACBP3-OEs. Such accumulation of PA and arabidopsides (A, B, D, E, and G) resulting from lipid peroxidation in ACBP3-OEs likely promoted leaf senescence. The N-terminal signal sequence/transmembrane domain in ACBP3 was shown to be essential in ACBP3-green fluorescent protein targeting and in promoting senescence. Observations that recombinant ACBP3 binds PC, PE, and unsaturated acyl-CoAs in vitro and that ACBP3 overexpression enhances degradation of the autophagy (ATG)-related protein ATG8 and disrupts autophagosome formation suggest a role for ACBP3 as a phospholipid binding protein involved in the regulation of leaf senescence by modulating membrane phospholipid metabolism and ATG8 stability in Arabidopsis. Accelerated senescence in ACBP3-OEs is dependent on salicylic acid but not jasmonic acid signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Xiao
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qin-Fang Chen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Suk-Wah Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shu-Xiao Zheng
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinyu Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingfu Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruth Welti
- Kansas Lipidomics Research Center, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - Mee-Len Chye
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Address correspondence to
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Cowan AK. Plant growth promotion by 18:0-lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine involves senescence delay. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2009; 4:324-327. [PMID: 19794853 PMCID: PMC2664497 DOI: 10.4161/psb.4.4.8188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) is a minor membrane glycerolipid and egg-derived 18:0-LPE is used commercially as a plant bio-regulator to improve plant product quality. Physiological responses initiated by LPE treatment included delayed senescence in leaves and fruits, improved shelf-life of products post harvest, and mitigation of ethylene-induced process. However, the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying LPE-induced responses in plants and harvested plant parts remain unclear. In this paper, commentary is presented on the effects of LPE at the biochemical level in an effort to develop a mode of action. Implications, although tentative, are that LPE exerts its effect via lipid-protein interaction to attenuate ethylene (ETH)-mediated responses and impact pathogenesis-related proteins which together delay senescence progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Keith Cowan
- Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.
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