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Pang X, Huang Y, Xiao N, Wang Q, Feng B, Ali Shad M. Effect of EVA film and chitosan coating on quality and physicochemical characteristics of mango fruit during postharvest storage. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101169. [PMID: 38357366 PMCID: PMC10864215 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a major tropical fruit, but a short postharvest life hampers marketing. The objective of this work is to assess the influence of a novel nanocomposite poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) film and Chitosan (CTS) affect on mango postharvest quality while stored at 20 °C. The results showed that the film coating treatment reduced the decay rate and weight loss of mangoes, maintaining good postharvest quality of mango fruit. The film coating treatment increased the antioxidant capacity of mangoes by inhibiting PPO activity and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. ACS, ACO, and ethylene release were all suppressed, as well as the expression of the ethylene receptors genes ETR1, ETR2, and ERS2, thus delaying mango aging. After harvest, the EVA treatment was superior to the CTS treatment in mango preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Pang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yumi Huang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Naiyu Xiao
- College of Light Industry and Food Science, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Vegetable Postharvest Treatment of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition (IAPN), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Bihong Feng
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Munsif Ali Shad
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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2
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Song M, Wang H, Fan Z, Huang H, Ma H. Advances in sequencing and key character analysis of mango ( Mangifera indica L.). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhac259. [PMID: 37601702 PMCID: PMC10433700 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is an important fruit crop in tropical and subtropical countries associated with many agronomic and horticultural problems, such as susceptibility to pathogens, including powdery mildew and anthracnose, poor yield and quality, and short shelf life. Conventional breeding techniques exhibit significant limitations in improving mango quality due to the characteristics of long ripening, self-incompatibility, and high genetic heterozygosity. In recent years, much emphasis has been placed on identification of key genes controlling a certain trait through genomic association analysis and directly breeding new varieties through transgene or genotype selection of offspring. This paper reviews the latest research progress on the genome and transcriptome sequencing of mango fruit. The rapid development of genome sequencing and bioinformatics provides effective strategies for identifying, labeling, cloning, and manipulating many genes related to economically important traits. Preliminary verification of the functions of mango genes has been conducted, including genes related to flowering regulation, fruit development, and polyphenol biosynthesis. Importantly, modern biotechnology can refine existing mango varieties to meet the market demand with high economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoyu Song
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haomiao Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiyi Fan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hantang Huang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huiqin Ma
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Characterization of Two Ethephon-Induced IDA-Like Genes from Mango, and Elucidation of Their Involvement in Regulating Organ Abscission. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030439. [PMID: 33808710 PMCID: PMC8003476 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In mango (Mangifera indica L.), fruitlet abscission limits productivity. The INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA) peptide acts as a key component controlling abscission events in Arabidopsis. IDA-like peptides may assume similar roles in fruit trees. In this study, we isolated two mango IDA-like encoding-genes, MiIDA1 and MiIDA2. We used mango fruitlet-bearing explants and fruitlet-bearing trees, in which fruitlets abscission was induced using ethephon. We monitored the expression profiles of the two MiIDA-like genes in control and treated fruitlet abscission zones (AZs). In both systems, qRT-PCR showed that, within 24 h, both MiIDA-like genes were induced by ethephon, and that changes in their expression profiles were associated with upregulation of different ethylene signaling-related and cell-wall modifying genes. Furthermore, ectopic expression of both genes in Arabidopsis promoted floral-organ abscission, and was accompanied by an early increase in the cytosolic pH of floral AZ cells-a phenomenon known to be linked with abscission, and by activation of cell separation in vestigial AZs. Finally, overexpression of both genes in an Atida mutant restored its abscission ability. Our results suggest roles for MiIDA1 and MiIDA2 in affecting mango fruitlet abscission. Based on our results, we propose new possible modes of action for IDA-like proteins in regulating organ abscission.
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Li L, Shuai L, Sun J, Li C, Yi P, Zhou Z, He X, Ling D, Sheng J, Kong K, Zheng F, Li J, Liu G, Xin M, Li Z, Tang Y. The Role of 1-Methylcyclopropene in the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis and ethylene receptor gene expression in Mangifera indica L. (Mango Fruit). Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:1284-1294. [PMID: 32148834 PMCID: PMC7020288 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is respiratory climacteric fruit that ripens and decomposes quickly following their harvest. 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is known to affect the ripening of fruit, delaying the decay of mango stored under ambient conditions. The objective of this study was to clarify the role of 1-MCP in the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis and ethylene receptor gene expression in mango. 1-MCP significantly inhibited the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) content. The activity of ACC oxidase (ACO) increased on days 6, 8, and 10 of storage, whereas delayed ACC synthase (ACS) activity increased after day 4. The two homologous ethylene receptor genes, ETR1 and ERS1 (i.e., MiETR1 and MiERS1), were obtained and deposited in GenBank® (National Center for Biotechnology Information-National Institutes of Health [NCBI-NIH]) (KY002681 and KY002682). The MiETR1 coding sequence was 2,220 bp and encoded 739 amino acids (aa). The MiERS1 coding sequence was 1,890 bp and encoded 629 aa, similar to ERS1 in other fruit. The tertiary structures of MiETR1 and MiERS1 were also predicted. MiERS1 lacks a receiver domain and shares a low homology with MiETR1 (44%). The expression of MiETR1 and MiERS1 mRNA was upregulated as the storage duration extended and reached the peak expression on day 6. Treatment with 1-MCP significantly reduced the expression of MiETR1 on days 4, 6, and 10 and inhibited the expression of MiETR1 on days 2, 4, 6, and 10. These results indicated that MiETR1 and MiERS1 had important functions in ethylene signal transduction. Treatment with 1-MCP might effectively prevent the biosynthesis of ethylene, as well as ethylene-induced ripening and senescence. This study presents an innovative method for prolonging the storage life of mango after their harvest through the regulation of MiETR1 and MiERS1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Agro‐food Science and Technology Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage‐processing TechnologyNanningChina
| | - Liang Shuai
- Agro‐food Science and Technology Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage‐processing TechnologyNanningChina
| | - Jian Sun
- Agro‐food Science and Technology Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage‐processing TechnologyNanningChina
| | - Changbao Li
- Agro‐food Science and Technology Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage‐processing TechnologyNanningChina
| | - Ping Yi
- Agro‐food Science and Technology Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
| | - Zhugui Zhou
- Agro‐food Science and Technology Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
| | - Xuemei He
- Agro‐food Science and Technology Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
| | - Dongning Ling
- Agro‐food Science and Technology Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
| | - Jinfeng Sheng
- Agro‐food Science and Technology Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage‐processing TechnologyNanningChina
| | - Kin‐Weng Kong
- Department of Molecular MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Fengjin Zheng
- Agro‐food Science and Technology Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
| | - Jiemin Li
- Agro‐food Science and Technology Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage‐processing TechnologyNanningChina
| | - Guoming Liu
- Agro‐food Science and Technology Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
| | - Ming Xin
- Agro‐food Science and Technology Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
| | - Zhichun Li
- Agro‐food Science and Technology Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
| | - Yayuan Tang
- Agro‐food Science and Technology Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
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Winterhagen P, Hagemann MH, Wünsche JN. Different regulatory modules of two mango ERS1 promoters modulate specific gene expression in response to phytohormones in transgenic model plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 289:110269. [PMID: 31623779 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene is a key element of plant physiology, thus ethylene research is important for both, fundamental research and agriculture. Previous work on ethylene receptors focused on expression level and protein interaction, but knowledge on regulation of gene transcription is scarce. Promoters of mango ethylene receptor genes (pMiERS1a, pMiERS1b) were analysed particularly regarding responsiveness to hormones. The promoter sequences reveal some variation and they were characterized by identifying functional regulatory candidate modules via truncated-promoter approach. Based on ectopic gene expression studies in transgenic Arabidopsis and Nicotiana it is demonstrated that both promoters are positively responsive to ethylene. For pMiERS1a the AHBP/DOFF1 module is linked to ethylene responsiveness, while for pMiERS1b it is the module MYBL/OPAQ1. A negative gene regulation in response to abscisic acid (ABA) is linked to MYBL/DOFF2. A positive response to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was found for GTBX/MYCL1, containing the motifs IBOX/IDDF/TEFB, which are present in this combination only in pMiERS1b, but not in pMiERS1a. Conclusively, the general response of the ethylene receptor genes is conserved, but similar regulation can be linked to different modules. Further, a minor variation in a transcription factor binding site (TFBS) motif within an overall conserved module type can lead to a different expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Winterhagen
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Crop Science, Section Crop Physiology of Specialty Crops, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Michael H Hagemann
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Crop Science, Section Crop Physiology of Specialty Crops, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jens N Wünsche
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Crop Science, Section Crop Physiology of Specialty Crops, Stuttgart, Germany
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Zhao L, Gong X, Gao J, Dong H, Zhang S, Tao S, Huang X. Transcriptomic and evolutionary analyses of white pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) β-amylase genes reveals their importance for cold and drought stress responses. Gene 2018; 689:102-113. [PMID: 30576803 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
β-amylase (BAM) genes play essential roles in plant abiotic stress responses. Although the genome of Chinese white pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) has recently been made available, knowledge regarding the BAM family in pear, including gene function, evolutionary history and patterns of gene expression remains limited. In this study, we identified 17 PbBAMs in the pear genome. Of these, 12 PbBAM members were mapped onto 9 chromosomes and 5 PbBAM genes were located on scaffold contigs. Based on gene structure, protein motif analysis, and the topology of the phylogenetic tree of the PbBAM family, we classified member genes into 4 groups. All PbBAM genes were found to contain typical glycosyl hydrolysis 14 domain motifs. Interfamilial comparisons revealed that the phylogenetic relationships of BAM genes in other Rosaceae species were similar those found in pear. We also found that whole-genome duplication (WGD)/segmental duplication events played critical roles in the expansion of the BAM family. Next, we used transcriptomic data to study gene expression during the response of drought and low temperate responses, and found that genes in Group B were related to drought and cold stress. We identified four PbBAM genes associated with abiotic stress in Pear. Finally, by analyzing co-expression networks and co-regulatory genes, we found that PbBAM1a and PbBAM1b were associated with the pear abiotic stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyi Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China, 210095.
| | - Xin Gong
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China, 210095.
| | - Junzhi Gao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China, 210095.
| | - Huizhen Dong
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China, 210095.
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China, 210095.
| | - Shutian Tao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China, 210095.
| | - Xiaosan Huang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China, 210095.
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Denisov Y, Glick S, Zviran T, Ish-Shalom M, Levin A, Faigenboim A, Cohen Y, Irihimovitch V. Distinct organ-specific and temporal expression profiles of auxin-related genes during mango fruitlet drop. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 115:439-448. [PMID: 28456120 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In mango, fruitlet abscission initiates with a decrease in polar auxin transport through the abscission zone (AZ), triggered by ethylene. To explore the molecular components affecting this process, we initially conducted experiments with developing fruitlet explants in which fruitlet drop was induced by ethephon, and monitored the expression patterns of distinct indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-related genes, comparing control vs. ethephon-treated pericarp and AZ profiles. Over the examined time period (48 h), the accumulation of MiPIN1 and MiLAX2 IAA-efflux and influx genes decreased in both control and treated tissues. Nevertheless, ethephon-treated tissues displayed significantly lower levels of these transcripts within 18-24 h. An opposite pattern was observed for MiLAX3, which overall exhibited up-regulation in treated fruitlet tissues. Ethephon treatment also induced an early and pronounced down-regulation of five out of six IAA-responsive genes, and a substantial reduction in the accumulation of two IAA-synthesis related transcripts, contrasting with significant up-regulation of Gretchen Hagen3 transcript (MiGH3.1) encoding an IAA-amino synthetase. Furthermore, for both control and treated AZ, the decrease in IAA-carrier transcripts was associated with a decrease in IAA content and an increase in IAA-Asp:IAA ratio, suggesting that fruitlet drop is accompanied by formation of this non-hydrolyzed IAA-amino acid conjugate. Despite these similarities, ethephon-treated AZ displayed a sharper decrease in IAA content and higher IAA-Asp:IAA ratio within 18 h. Lastly, the response of IAA-related genes to exogenous IAA treatment was also examined. Our results are discussed, highlighting the roles that distinct IAA-related genes might assume during mango fruitlet drop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youlia Denisov
- Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Shani Glick
- Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel; Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tali Zviran
- Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Mazal Ish-Shalom
- Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Adolfo Levin
- Migal - Galilee Technology Center, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shemona 11016, Israel
| | - Adi Faigenboim
- Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Yuval Cohen
- Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Vered Irihimovitch
- Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel.
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Winterhagen P, Hagemann MH, Wünsche JN. Expression and interaction of the mango ethylene receptor MiETR1 and different receptor versions of MiERS1. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 246:26-36. [PMID: 26993233 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Different versions of the mango ethylene receptor MiERS1 were identified and the analysis indicates that, in addition to MiERS1, two short versions of this receptor (MiERS1m, MiERS1s), representing truncated proteins with central deletions of functional domains, are present in mango. The short receptor versions reveal a different expression pattern compared to MiERS1, and they are highly variably transcribed. With transient expression assays using fluorescent fusion proteins, the localisation and the interaction of the receptors were determined in leaf cells of the tobacco model. MiERS1, MiETR1, and the short MiERS1 receptor versions are anchored in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane and co-localise with each other and with an ER-marker. Furthermore, ectopic expression of the mango receptors appears to induce a re-organisation of the ER resulting in accumulation of ER bodies. Interaction assays suggest that both short MiERS1 receptor versions can bind to proteins located in the ER. Bi-molecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays indicate, that MiERS1m may dimerise with itself and can also interact with MiERS1, but not with MiETR1. Further, it as found that MiETR1 can interact with MiERS1. Interaction of MiERS1s with the other ethylene receptors could not be detected, although it was located in the ER membrane system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Winterhagen
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Crop Science, Crop Physiology of Specialty Crops, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Michael H Hagemann
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Crop Science, Crop Physiology of Specialty Crops, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jens N Wünsche
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Crop Science, Crop Physiology of Specialty Crops, Stuttgart, Germany
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Hagemann MH, Winterhagen P, Hegele M, Wünsche JN. Ethephon induced abscission in mango: physiological fruitlet responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:706. [PMID: 26442021 PMCID: PMC4569964 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Fruitlet abscission of mango is typically very severe, causing considerable production losses worldwide. Consequently, a detailed physiological and molecular characterization of fruitlet abscission in mango is required to describe the onset and time-dependent course of this process. To identify the underlying key mechanisms of abscission, ethephon, an ethylene releasing substance, was applied at two concentrations (600 and 7200 ppm) during the midseason drop stage of mango. The abscission process is triggered by ethylene diffusing to the abscission zone where it binds to specific receptors and thereby activating several key physiological responses at the cellular level. The treatments reduced significantly the capacity of polar auxin transport through the pedicel at 1 day after treatment and thereafter when compared to untreated pedicels. The transcript levels of the ethylene receptor genes MiETR1 and MiERS1 were significantly upregulated in the pedicel and pericarp at 1, 2, and 3 days after the ethephon application with 7200 ppm, except for MiETR1 in the pedicel, when compared to untreated fruitlet. In contrast, ethephon applications with 600 ppm did not affect expression levels of MiETR1 in the pedicel and of MiERS1 in the pericarp; however, MiETR1 in the pericarp at day 2 and MiERS1 in the pedicel at days 2 and 3 were significantly upregulated over the controls. Moreover, two novel short versions of the MiERS1 were identified and detected more often in the pedicel of treated than untreated fruitlets at all sampling times. Sucrose concentration in the fruitlet pericarp was significantly reduced to the control at 2 days after both ethephon treatments. In conclusion, it is postulated that the ethephon-induced abscission process commences with a reduction of the polar auxin transport capacity in the pedicel, followed by an upregulation of ethylene receptors and finally a decrease of the sucrose concentration in the fruitlets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Hagemann
- Section Crop Physiology of Specialty Crops, Institute of Crop Science, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
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Hoang VLT, Innes DJ, Shaw PN, Monteith GR, Gidley MJ, Dietzgen RG. Sequence diversity and differential expression of major phenylpropanoid-flavonoid biosynthetic genes among three mango varieties. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:561. [PMID: 26220670 PMCID: PMC4518526 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1784-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mango fruits contain a broad spectrum of phenolic compounds which impart potential health benefits; their biosynthesis is catalysed by enzymes in the phenylpropanoid-flavonoid (PF) pathway. The aim of this study was to reveal the variability in genes involved in the PF pathway in three different mango varieties Mangifera indica L., a member of the family Anacardiaceae: Kensington Pride (KP), Irwin (IW) and Nam Doc Mai (NDM) and to determine associations with gene expression and mango flavonoid profiles. RESULTS A close evolutionary relationship between mango genes and those from the woody species poplar of the Salicaceae family (Populus trichocarpa) and grape of the Vitaceae family (Vitis vinifera), was revealed through phylogenetic analysis of PF pathway genes. We discovered 145 SNPs in total within coding sequences with an average frequency of one SNP every 316 bp. Variety IW had the highest SNP frequency (one SNP every 258 bp) while KP and NDM had similar frequencies (one SNP every 369 bp and 360 bp, respectively). The position in the PF pathway appeared to influence the extent of genetic diversity of the encoded enzymes. The entry point enzymes phenylalanine lyase (PAL), cinnamate 4-mono-oxygenase (C4H) and chalcone synthase (CHS) had low levels of SNP diversity in their coding sequences, whereas anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) showed the highest SNP frequency followed by flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H). Quantitative PCR revealed characteristic patterns of gene expression that differed between mango peel and flesh, and between varieties. CONCLUSIONS The combination of mango expressed sequence tags and availability of well-established reference PF biosynthetic genes from other plant species allowed the identification of coding sequences of genes that may lead to the formation of important flavonoid compounds in mango fruits and facilitated characterisation of single nucleotide polymorphisms between varieties. We discovered an association between the extent of sequence variation and position in the pathway for up-stream genes. The high expression of PAL, C4H and CHS genes in mango peel compared to flesh is associated with high amounts of total phenolic contents in peels, which suggest that these genes have an influence on total flavonoid levels in mango fruit peel and flesh. In addition, the particularly high expression levels of ANR in KP and NDM peels compared to IW peel and the significant accumulation of its product epicatechin gallate (ECG) in those extracts reflects the rate-limiting role of ANR on ECG biosynthesis in mango.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van L T Hoang
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - David J Innes
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Agri-Science Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - P Nicholas Shaw
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Gregory R Monteith
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Michael J Gidley
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Ralf G Dietzgen
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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11
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Kuang JF, Wu JY, Zhong HY, Li CQ, Chen JY, Lu WJ, Li JG. Carbohydrate stress affecting fruitlet abscission and expression of genes related to auxin signal transduction pathway in litchi. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:16084-103. [PMID: 23443112 PMCID: PMC3546680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131216084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Auxin, a vital plant hormone, regulates a variety of physiological and developmental processes. It is involved in fruit abscission through transcriptional regulation of many auxin-related genes, including early auxin responsive genes (i.e., auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (AUX/IAA), Gretchen Hagen3 (GH3) and small auxin upregulated (SAUR)) and auxin response factors (ARF), which have been well characterized in many plants. In this study, totally five auxin-related genes, including one AUX/IAA (LcAUX/IAA1), one GH3 (LcGH3.1), one SAUR (LcSAUR1) and two ARFs (LcARF1 and LcARF2), were isolated and characterized from litchi fruit. LcAUX/IAA1, LcGH3.1, LcSAUR1, LcARF1 and LcARF2 contain open reading frames (ORFs) encoding polypeptides of 203, 613, 142, 792 and 832 amino acids, respectively, with their corresponding molecular weights of 22.67, 69.20, 11.40, 88.20 and 93.16 kDa. Expression of these genes was investigated under the treatment of girdling plus defoliation which aggravated litchi fruitlet abscission due to the blockage of carbohydrates transport and the reduction of endogenous IAA content. Results showed that transcript levels of LcAUX/IAA1, LcGH3.1 and LcSAUR1 mRNAs were increased after the treatment in abscission zone (AZ) and other tissues, in contrast to the decreasing accumulation of LcARF1 mRNA, suggesting that LcAUX/IAA1, LcSAUR1 and LcARF1 may play more important roles in abscission. Our results provide new insight into the process of fruitlet abscission induced by carbohydrate stress and broaden our understanding of the auxin signal transduction pathway in this process at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Fei Kuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Key Laboratory for Postharvest Science, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; E-Mails: (J.-F.K.); (H.-Y.Z.); (J.-Y.C.); (W.-J.L.)
| | - Jian-Yang Wu
- China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; E-Mails: (J.-Y.W.); (C.-Q.L.)
- College of Basic Education, Zhanjiang Normal University, Zhanjiang 524037, China
| | - Hai-Ying Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Key Laboratory for Postharvest Science, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; E-Mails: (J.-F.K.); (H.-Y.Z.); (J.-Y.C.); (W.-J.L.)
| | - Cai-Qin Li
- China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; E-Mails: (J.-Y.W.); (C.-Q.L.)
| | - Jian-Ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Key Laboratory for Postharvest Science, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; E-Mails: (J.-F.K.); (H.-Y.Z.); (J.-Y.C.); (W.-J.L.)
| | - Wang-Jin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Key Laboratory for Postharvest Science, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; E-Mails: (J.-F.K.); (H.-Y.Z.); (J.-Y.C.); (W.-J.L.)
| | - Jian-Guo Li
- China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; E-Mails: (J.-Y.W.); (C.-Q.L.)
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Agarwal G, Choudhary D, Singh VP, Arora A. Role of ethylene receptors during senescence and ripening in horticultural crops. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2012; 7:827-46. [PMID: 22751331 PMCID: PMC3583974 DOI: 10.4161/psb.20321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The past two decades have been rewarding in terms of deciphering the ethylene signal transduction and functional validation of the ethylene receptor and downstream genes involved in the cascade. Our knowledge of ethylene receptors and its signal transduction pathway provides us a robust platform where we can think of manipulating and regulating ethylene sensitivity by the use of genetic engineering and making transgenic. This review focuses on ethylene perception, receptor mediated regulation of ethylene biosynthesis, role of ethylene receptors in flower senescence, fruit ripening and other effects induced by ethylene. The expression behavior of the receptor and downstream molecules in climacteric and non climacteric crops is also elaborated upon. Possible strategies and recent advances in altering the ethylene sensitivity of plants using ethylene receptor genes in an attempt to modulate the regulation and sensitivity to ethylene have also been discussed. Not only will these transgenic plants be a boon to post-harvest physiology and crop improvement but, it will also help us in discovering the mechanism of regulation of ethylene sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Virendra P. Singh
- Division of Plant Physiology; Indian Agricultural Research Institute; PUSA Campus; New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Arora
- Division of Plant Physiology; Indian Agricultural Research Institute; PUSA Campus; New Delhi, India
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