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Neto DFM, Garrett R, Domont GB, Campos FAP, Nogueira FCS. Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis of Leaves and Roots of Jatropha curcas Genotypes with Contrasting Levels of Phorbol Esters. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14274. [PMID: 38566272 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Phorbol esters (PE) are toxic diterpenoids accumulated in physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) seed tissues. Their biosynthetic pathway remains unknown, and the participation of roots in this process may be possible. Thus, we set out to study the deposition pattern of PE and other terpenoids in roots and leaves of genotypes with detected (DPE) and not detected (NPE) phorbol esters based on previous studies. OUTLINE OF DATA RESOURCES We analyzed physic nut leaf and root organic extracts using LC-HRMS. By an untargeted metabolomics approach, it was possible to annotate 496 and 146 metabolites in the positive and negative electrospray ionization modes, respectively. KEY RESULTS PE were detected only in samples of the DPE genotype. Remarkably, PE were found in both leaves and roots, making this study the first report of PE in J. curcas roots. Furthermore, untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that diterpenoids and apocarotenoids are preferentially accumulated in the DPE genotype in comparison with NPE, which may be linked to the divergence between the genotypes concerning PE biosynthesis, since sesquiterpenoids showed greater abundance in the NPE. UTILITY OF THE RESOURCE The LC-HRMS files, publicly available in the MassIVE database (identifier MSV000092920), are valuable as they expand our understanding of PE biosynthesis, which can assist in the development of molecular strategies to reduce PE levels in toxic genotypes, making possible the food use of the seedcake, as well as its potential to contain high-quality spectral information about several other metabolites that may possess biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingos F M Neto
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, CE, Brasil
| | - Rafael Garrett
- Laboratório de Metabolômica/LADETEC, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Gilberto B Domont
- Unidade Proteômica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Francisco A P Campos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, CE, Brasil
| | - Fábio C S Nogueira
- Unidade Proteômica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Laboratório de Proteômica/LADETEC, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Turck D, Bohn T, Castenmiller J, De Henauw S, Hirsch‐Ernst KI, Maciuk A, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle HJ, Naska A, Pelaez C, Pentieva K, Siani A, Thies F, Tsabouri S, Vinceti M, Cubadda F, Frenzel T, Heinonen M, Marchelli R, Neuhäuser‐Berthold M, Poulsen M, Prieto Maradona M, Schlatter JR, van Loveren H, Colombo P, Knutsen HK. Safety of hydrothermally treated kernels from edible Jatropha curcas L. (Chuta) as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. EFSA J 2022; 20:e06998. [PMID: 35079277 PMCID: PMC8777556 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.6998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on hydrothermally treated kernels from edible Jatropha curcas (Chuta) as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. Although Jatropha curcas is generally considered a toxic plant due to the presence of phorbol esters (PEs), edible varieties exist in Central America. The applicant has developed a breeding programme for an edible cultivar and proposes the kernels from this cultivar as an NF as whole kernels or fragments thereof to be used as a snack or as a food ingredient. Procedures are in place to avoid commingling with non-edible kernels, with the last steps being the analytical control of PEs concentrations in all produced batches. The Panel considers that the production process of the NF is sufficiently described and that the information provided on the composition of the NF is sufficient for its characterisation. Components of the NF were tested for genotoxicity applying the standard in vitro test battery and no genotoxic concerns have been identified. In a conservative scenario for exposure to PEs from the NF, it was assumed that all kernels contain PEs at the level of detection of the analytical method. When comparing the estimated maximum exposure to PEs with a reference point from a subchronic study in pigs, a margin of exposure ≥ 900 is obtained, which is considered sufficiently large. The presence of anti-nutritional factors does not pose safety concerns as they are within the ranges found in vegetables. The Panel concludes that the NF is safe under the proposed conditions of use.
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3
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Zhang C, Wang XH. Reply to: "Critique on conclusions regarding toxic compounds in Jatropha curcas kernel cake". Commun Biol 2021; 4:1349. [PMID: 34853406 PMCID: PMC8636490 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02871-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Changhe Zhang
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB)/Department of Biology and Environment, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Apartado 1013, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal. .,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (Green-it Unit), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Xing-Hong Wang
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, P. R. China
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Francis G, Makkar HPS, Carle R, Mittelbach M, Wink M, Martinez Herrera J, Kodekalra R, Becker K. Critique on conclusions regarding toxic compounds in Jatropha curcas kernel cake. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1348. [PMID: 34853381 PMCID: PMC8636474 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02869-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- George Francis
- Jatropower AG, Haldenstrasse 5, CH-6340, Baar, Switzerland.
| | - Harinder P S Makkar
- Adjunct Professor, Center for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Reinhold Carle
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jorge Martinez Herrera
- Director de Coordinación y Vinculación, del INIFAP en Tabasco, Huimanguillo, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Rakshit Kodekalra
- Chief Technology Officer, Medipure Pharmaceuticals, Burnaby, B.C., Canada
| | - Klaus Becker
- Institute for Tropical Agricultural Sciences (Hans Ruthenberg Institute), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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de Almeida NP, Neto DFM, Carneiro GRA, de Farias ARB, Domont GB, de Paiva Campos FDA, Nogueira FCS. Monitoring casbene synthase in Jatropha curcas tissues using targeted proteomics. PLANT METHODS 2021; 17:15. [PMID: 33549129 PMCID: PMC7868020 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-021-00716-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Casbene synthase (CS) is responsible for the first committed step in the biosynthesis of phorbol esters (PE) in the Euphorbiaceae. PE are abundant in the seeds of the biofuel crop Jatropha curcas and its toxicity precludes the use of the protein-rich cake obtained after oil extraction as an animal feed and the toxicity of the fumes derived from burning PE containing biofuel is also a matter of concern. This toxicity is a major hindrance to exploit the potential of this crop as a source of raw material to produce biodiesel. For this reason, the current research on J. curcas is mainly focused on the understanding of the biosynthesis and site of synthesis of PE, as an avenue for the development of genotypes unable to synthesize PE in its seeds. RESULTS Here, we present targeted proteomics assays (SRM and PRM) to detect and quantify CS in leaves, endosperm, and roots of two J. curcas genotypes with contrasting levels of PE. These assays were based on the use of reference isotopic labeled synthetic peptides (ILSP) predicted from 12 gene models of CS from the J. curcas genome. CONCLUSION Our targeted proteomics methods were able to detect and quantify, for the first time, CS gene products and demonstrate the distribution of CS isoforms only in roots from J. curcas genotypes with a high and low concentration of PE. These methods can be expanded to monitor CS, at the protein level, in different tissues and genotypes of J. curcas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Pinto de Almeida
- Laboratory of Proteomics/LADETEC, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Proteomics Unit, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Reis Alves Carneiro
- Laboratory of Proteomics/LADETEC, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Proteomics Unit, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Gilberto Barbosa Domont
- Proteomics Unit, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio César Sousa Nogueira
- Laboratory of Proteomics/LADETEC, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Proteomics Unit, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Leyva-Padrón G, Vanegas-Espinoza PE, Evangelista-Lozano S, Del Villar-Martínez AA, Bazaldúa C. Chemical analysis of callus extracts from toxic and non-toxic varieties of Jatropha curcas L. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10172. [PMID: 33240600 PMCID: PMC7666564 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Jatropha curcas L. belongs to Euphorbiaceae family, and it synthesizes flavonoid and diterpene compounds that have showed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, antimicrobial, antifungal and insecticide activity. Seeds of this plant accumulate phorbol esters, which are tigliane type diterpenes, reported as toxic and, depending on its concentration, toxic and non-toxic varieties has been identified. The aim of this work was to characterize the chemical profile of the extracts from seeds, leaves and callus of both varieties (toxic and non-toxic) of Jatropha curcas, to verify the presence of important compounds in dedifferentiated cells and consider the possibility of using these cultures for the massive production of metabolites. Callus induction was obtained using NAA (1.5 mg L−1) and BAP (1.5 mg L−1) after 21 d for both varieties. Thin layer chromatography analysis showed differences in compounds accumulation in callus from non-toxic variety throughout the time of culture, diterpenes showed an increase along the time, in contrast with flavonoids which decreased. Based on the results obtained through microQTOF-QII spectrometer it is suggested a higher accumulation of phorbol esters, derived from 12-deoxy-16-hydroxy-phorbol (m/z 365 [M+H]+), in callus of 38 d than those of 14 d culture, from both varieties. Unlike flavonoids accumulation, the MS chromatograms analysis allowed to suggest lower accumulation of flavonoids as the culture time progresses, in callus from both varieties. The presence of six glycosylated flavonoids is also suggested in leaf and callus extracts derived from both varieties (toxic and non-toxic), including: apigenin 6-C-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-8-C-β-D-xylopyranoside (m/z 535 [M+H]+), apigenin 4′-O-rhamnoside (m/z 417 [M+H]+), vitexin (m/z 433 [M+H]+), vitexin 4′-O-glucoside-2″-O-rhamnoside (m/z 741 [M+H]+), vicenin-2 (m/z 595 [M+H]+), and vicenin-2,6″-O-glucoside (m/z 757 [M+H]+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Leyva-Padrón
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Yautepec, Morelos, México
| | | | - Silvia Evangelista-Lozano
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Yautepec, Morelos, México
| | | | - Crescencio Bazaldúa
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Yautepec, Morelos, México
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The Sustainable Cultivation of Mexican Nontoxic Jatropha Curcas to Produce Biodiesel and Food in Marginal Rural Lands. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11205823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to identify Mexican nontoxic ecotypes of Jatropha curcas with potential for a sustainable agriculture practice to produce biodiesel and food products through a methodology and criteria of sustainability. In a rural region of Morelos state in central México, nine Mexican ecotypes of Jatropha curcas were evaluated in an experimental plantation with minimal water resources and fertilization. The experimental trial was assessed in terms of (1) toxicity, (2) growth and survival of the plants, (3) yield of seed, (4) residual biomass production, (5) oil characteristics for biodiesel production, (6) nutrimental properties of the seeds, and (7) changes in the chemical properties of the soil. Finally, two outstanding nontoxic ecotypes were identified as the most suitable for the establishment of Jatropha curcas crops to produce biodiesel and, at the same time, for food products using the de-oiled endosperm cake, for energy production from the residual biomass and for improvement of soil properties in marginal lands of rural regions of Morelos state.
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Albino RC, Antoniassi R, de Faria-Machado AF, Ferraris FK, Amendoeira FC, Ramos DF, Silva PEA, Leitão SG, Oliveira DR. Traditional detoxification of Jatropha curcas L. seeds. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 241:111970. [PMID: 31128150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jatropha curcas L. is a plant with high cultural significance for quilombola communities of Oriximiná (Pará State, Brazil). Although the plant is highly toxic, its seeds are used in these communities to treat tuberculosis and related diseases and symptoms. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was designed to provide a scientific rationale for the traditional detoxification method and use of J. curcas seeds in quilombola communities of Oriximiná. MATERIALS AND METHODS J. curcas seeds were manually separated into testa, tegmen, endosperm, and embryo, and then methanolic extracts of each sample were prepared. The traditional preparation of J. curcas seeds consists of a water extract of endosperms that is known as "milk of pinhão-branco". The content of phorbol esters (PEs) in the extracts was analyzed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode-Array Detection (HPLC-DAD). The cytotoxic activity was evaluated in human monocytic cell line THP-1 by Resazurin Reduction Assay, and antimycobacterial activity was assessed by determining Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values against H37Rv and BCG strains using the Resazurin Microtiter Assay (REMA). RESULTS The content analysis revealed that the distribution of PEs within the seeds is not homogeneous. High contents were found in tegmens (4.22 ± 0.25-15.52 ± 0.06 mg/g) and endosperms (1.61 ± 0.07-5.00 ± 0.42 mg/g), while concentrations found in testas and embryos were all below 0.5 mg/g. The traditional preparation derived from the endosperm of J. curcas contained significantly less PEs than the endosperms (0.01 ± 0.005 mg/g). Against THP-1 cells, all the parts of the seed showed cytotoxic activity, while the traditional preparation was considered non-cytotoxic. Nevertheless, only the tegmen and endosperm of J. curcas were considered active against M. tuberculosis and M. bovis (MIC = 200 μg/mL). CONCLUSION The results of this study indicated that the traditional processing performed by the quilombola people from Oriximiná is effective in reducing the toxicity of J. curcas seeds. Although inactive against mycobacteria, the extensive use of the traditional preparation and its low toxicity encourage further studies to investigate other biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayane C Albino
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Fausto K Ferraris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INCQS/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Fábio C Amendoeira
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INCQS/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Daniela F Ramos
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 96200-190, RS, Brazil.
| | - Pedro E A Silva
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, 96200-190, RS, Brazil.
| | - Suzana G Leitão
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Danilo R Oliveira
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, RJ, Brazil.
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Identification and validation of SNP markers linked to seed toxicity in Jatropha curcas L. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10220. [PMID: 31308439 PMCID: PMC6629616 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46698-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible/non-toxic varieties of Jatropha curcas L. are gaining increasing attention, providing both oil as biofuel feedstock or even as edible oil and the seed kernel meal as animal feed ingredient. They are a viable alternative to the limitation posed by the presence of phorbol esters in toxic varieties. Accurate genotyping of toxic/non-toxic accessions is critical to breeding management. The aim of this study was to identify SNP markers linked to seed toxicity in J. curcas. For SNP discovery, NGS technology was used to sequence the whole genomes of a toxic and non-toxic parent along with a bulk of 51 toxic and 30 non-toxic F2 plants. To ascertain the association between SNP markers and seed toxicity trait, candidate SNPs were genotyped on 672 individuals segregating for seed toxicity and two collections of J. curcas composed of 96 individuals each. In silico SNP discovery approaches led to the identification of 64 candidate SNPs discriminating non-toxic and toxic samples. These SNPs were mapped on Chromosome 8 within the Linkage Group 8 previously identified as a genomic region important for phorbol ester biosynthesis. The association study identified two new SNPs, SNP_J22 and SNP_J24 significantly linked to low toxicity with R2 values of 0.75 and 0.54, respectively. Our study released two valuable SNP markers for high-throughput, marker-assisted breeding of seed toxicity in J. curcas.
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Effects of partial dietary substitution of groundnut meal by defatted, Aspergillus niger-fermented and heated Jatropha curcas kernel meal on feed intake and growth performance of broiler chicks. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:1383-1391. [PMID: 30706333 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01830-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine intake and growth performance of broiler chicks fed with Jatropha curcas kernel meal physico-chemically and biologically processed. The feed experiment lasted for 7 days with 20-day-old Ross 308 strain unsexed broiler chicks. Two dietary treatments were given each to ten animals, according to a complete randomized design. Kernels, manually obtained from J. curcas seed, were defatted, heated, and fermented with a strain of Aspergillus niger and oven-dried, in order to obtain the treated jatropha kernel meal. This latter was used to replace one third of a groundnut meal premix which was then incorporated in a commercial diet to warrant iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric characteristics of the diets. Data collected were analyzed according to ANOVA procedure. The results revealed that the animals that received the diet incorporating jatropha kernel meal had numerically higher live weight (156.1 vs. 152.7 g/animal) (P > 0.05) and average daily weight gain (12.3 vs. 11.7 g/day/animal) (P > 0.05) than the control ones, at the end of experiment. The average daily feed intake was the same for the two groups of animals (23.2 g/day/animal) (P > 0.05) with a similar feed conversion ratio (2.0 vs. 2.1 respectively for the jatropha group and the control group). The survival rate, at the end of the experiment, was 100% for the two groups of animals. Physico-chemically and biologically processed Jatropha curcas kernel could be an interesting by-product for poultry feeding.
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Neu PM, Schober S, Mittelbach M. Quantification of Phorbol Esters in
Jatropha curcas
by HPLC‐UV and HPLC‐ToF‐MS with Standard Addition Method. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201800146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp M. Neu
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI GrazUniversity of GrazHeinrichstraße 288010GrazAustria
| | - Sigurd Schober
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI GrazUniversity of GrazHeinrichstraße 288010GrazAustria
| | - Martin Mittelbach
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI GrazUniversity of GrazHeinrichstraße 288010GrazAustria
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Gomes TG, Hadi SIIA, Costa Alves GS, Mendonça S, De Siqueira FG, Miller RNG. Current Strategies for the Detoxification of Jatropha curcas Seed Cake: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:2510-2522. [PMID: 29498277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Jatropha curcas is an important oilseed plant, with considerable potential in the development of biodiesel. Although Jatropha seed cake, the byproduct of oil extraction, is a residue rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and carbon, with high protein content suitable for application in animal feed, the presence of toxic phorbol esters limits its application in feed supplements and fertilizers. This review summarizes the current methods available for detoxification of this residue, based upon chemical, physical, biological, or combined processes. The advantages and disadvantages of each process are discussed, and future directions involving genomic and proteomic approaches for advancing our understanding of biodegradation processes involving microorganisms are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisa G Gomes
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular , Universidade de Brasília , Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte , 70910-900 , Brasília , DF , Brazil
| | - Sámed I I A Hadi
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - ICB , Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 , 31270-010 , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil
| | - Gabriel S Costa Alves
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular , Universidade de Brasília , Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte , 70910-900 , Brasília , DF , Brazil
| | - Simone Mendonça
- Embrapa Agroenergia, STN-70297-400 , 70297-400 , Brasília , DF , Brazil
| | | | - Robert N G Miller
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular , Universidade de Brasília , Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte , 70910-900 , Brasília , DF , Brazil
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Fujiki H, Suttajit M, Rawangkan A, Iida K, Limtrakul P, Umsumarng S, Suganuma M. Phorbol esters in seed oil of Jatropha curcas L. (saboodam in Thai) and their association with cancer prevention: from the initial investigation to the present topics. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:1359-1369. [PMID: 28124725 PMCID: PMC5504133 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2341-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In 1988, we first reported the complete chemical structure of a new type of phorbol ester, abbreviated to DHPB, found in seed oil of Jatropha curcas L. (Saboodam in Thai) and its tumor-promoting activity on mouse skin. Although this seed oil contains toxic phorbol ester, it was planned to use it as a feasible renewable oil and the extracted seed cake as fertilizer. This utilization value opened a new science of Jatropha curcas. METHODS The main experimental results are cited from our publications, and the relevant literature screened from journals and PubMed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION This paper begins with our original work on the structural elucidation of a new phorbol ester, 12-deoxy-16-hydroxyphorbol (DHPB): its tumor-promoting activity was compared with that of TPA. We think that it is timely to review the following research advances with Jatropha curcas, so numerous topics are classified as follows: (1) historical development of phorbol esters in seed oil; (2) toxicity of phorbol ester based on various bioassays; (3) degradation of phorbol ester; (4) a new pharmaceutical compound in seed; and (5) tumor promotion and progression with endogeneous tumor promoters in human carcinogenesis. The discovery of phorbol ester in seed oil raised awareness of the danger of public use of seed oil and seed cake in Thailand, and also indicated the necessity of discussing the concept of primary and tertiary cancer preventions. CONCLUSION It is worthwhile to study the future benefits and cancer risks of globally distributed Jatropha curcas L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirota Fujiki
- Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan.
| | - Maitree Suttajit
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Rawangkan
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Keisuke Iida
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Pornngarm Limtrakul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sonthaya Umsumarng
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Masami Suganuma
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
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Li H, Tsuchimoto S, Harada K, Yamasaki M, Sakai H, Wada N, Alipour A, Sasai T, Tsunekawa A, Tsujimoto H, Ando T, Tomemori H, Sato S, Hirakawa H, Quintero VP, Zamarripa A, Santos P, Hegazy A, Ali AM, Fukui K. Genetic Tracing of Jatropha curcas L. from Its Mesoamerican Origin to the World. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1539. [PMID: 28936216 PMCID: PMC5594977 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Jatropha curcas L. (Jatropha), a shrub species of the family Euphorbiaceae, has been recognized as a promising biofuel plant for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, recent attempts at commercial cultivation in Africa and Asia have failed because of low productivity. It is important to elucidate genetic diversity and relationship in worldwide Jatropha genetic resources for breeding of better commercial cultivars. Here, genetic diversity was analyzed by using 246 accessions from Mesoamerica, Africa and Asia, based on 59 simple sequence repeat markers and eight retrotransposon-based insertion polymorphism markers. We found that central Chiapas of Mexico possesses the most diverse genetic resources, and the Chiapas Central Depression could be the center of origin. We identified three genetic groups in Mesoamerica, whose distribution revealed a distinct geographic cline. One of them consists mainly of accessions from central Chiapas. This suggests that it represents the original genetic group. We found two Veracruz accessions in another group, whose ancestors might be shipped from Port of Veracruz to the Old World, to be the source of all African and Asian Jatropha. Our results suggest the human selection that caused low productivity in Africa and Asia, and also breeding strategies to improve African and Asian Jatropha. Cultivars improved in the productivity will contribute to expand mass commercial cultivation of Jatropha in Africa and Asia to increase biofuel production, and finally will support in the battle against the climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Suguru Tsuchimoto
- Plant Bioengineering for Bioenergy Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Kyuya Harada
- Plant Bioengineering for Bioenergy Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Masanori Yamasaki
- Kobe Food Resources Education and Research Center, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe UniversityHyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroe Sakai
- Plant Bioengineering for Bioenergy Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Wada
- Plant Bioengineering for Bioenergy Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Atefeh Alipour
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sasai
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Takayuki Ando
- The Center for International Affairs, Tottori UniversityTottori, Japan
| | | | - Shusei Sato
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku UniversityMiyagi, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Primitivo Santos
- College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los BanosLaguna, Philippines
| | - Adel Hegazy
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat CitySadat City, Egypt
| | - Abdalla M. Ali
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shambat, University of KhartoumKhartoum, Sudan
| | - Kiichi Fukui
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kiichi Fukui,
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Martínez-Díaz Y, González-Rodríguez A, Rico-Ponce HR, Rocha-Ramírez V, Ovando-Medina I, Espinosa-García FJ. Fatty Acid Diversity is Not Associated with Neutral Genetic Diversity in Native Populations of the Biodiesel Plant Jatropha curcas
L. Chem Biodivers 2016; 14. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yesenia Martínez-Díaz
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta CP 58190 Morelia Michoacán México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta CP 58190 Morelia Michoacán México
| | - Antonio González-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta CP 58190 Morelia Michoacán México
| | - Héctor Rómulo Rico-Ponce
- Centro de Investigación Regional Pacífico Centro; Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias; Campo experimental Valle de Apatzingán, Km. 17.5, Carretera Apatzingán-Cuatro Caminos Km 17.5 CP 6078 Apatzingán Michoacán México
| | - Víctor Rocha-Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta CP 58190 Morelia Michoacán México
| | - Isidro Ovando-Medina
- Instituto de Biociencias; Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas; Carretera a Puerto Madero Km 2.0 CP 30798 Tapachula Chiapas México
| | - Francisco J. Espinosa-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta CP 58190 Morelia Michoacán México
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Bueso F, Sosa I, Chun R, Pineda R. Phorbol esters seed content and distribution in Latin American provenances of Jatropha curcas L.: potential for biopesticide, food and feed. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:445. [PMID: 27104133 PMCID: PMC4830775 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2103-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jatropha curcas L. (Jatropha) is believed to have originated from Mexico and Central America. So far, characterization efforts have focused on Asia, Africa and Mexico. Non-toxic, low phorbol ester (PE) varieties have been found only in Mexico. Differences in PE content in seeds and its structural components, crude oil and cake from Jatropha provenances cultivated in Central and South America were evaluated. Seeds were dehulled, and kernels were separated into tegmen, cotyledons and embryo for PE quantitation by RP-HPLC. Crude oil and cake PE content was also measured. RESULTS No phenotypic departures in seed size and structure were observed among Jatropha cultivated in Central and South America compared to provenances from Mexico, Asia and Africa. Cotyledons comprised 96.2-97.5 %, tegmen 1.6-2.4 % and embryo represented 0.9-1.4 % of dehulled kernel. Total PE content of all nine provenances categorized them as toxic. Significant differences in kernel PE content were observed among provenances from Mexico, Central and South America (P < 0.01), being Mexican the highest (7.6 mg/g) and Cabo Verde the lowest (2.57 mg/g). All accessions had >95 % of PEs concentrated in cotyledons, 0.5-3 % in the tegmen and 0.5-1 % in the embryo. Over 60 % of total PE in dehulled kernels accumulated in the crude oil, while 35-40 % remained in the cake after extraction. CONCLUSIONS Low phenotypic variability in seed physical, structural traits and PE content was observed among provenances from Latin America. Very high-PE provenances with potential as biopesticide were found in Central America. No PE-free, edible Jatropha was found among provenances currently cultivated in Central America and Brazil that could be used for human consumption and feedstock. Furthermore, dehulled kernel structural parts as well as its crude oil and cake contained toxic PE levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Bueso
- Department of Food Science and Technology, EAP Zamorano University, P.O. Box 93, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Italo Sosa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, EAP Zamorano University, P.O. Box 93, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Roldan Chun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, EAP Zamorano University, P.O. Box 93, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Renan Pineda
- Department of Food Science and Technology, EAP Zamorano University, P.O. Box 93, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
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Gu K, Tian D, Mao H, Wu L, Yin Z. Development of marker-free transgenic Jatropha curcas producing curcin-deficient seeds through endosperm-specific RNAi-mediated gene silencing. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:242. [PMID: 26450182 PMCID: PMC4599812 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0625-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jatropha curcas L. is a potential biofuel plant and its seed oil is suitable for biodiesel production. Despite this promising application, jatropha seeds contain two major toxic components, namely phorbol esters and curcins. These compounds would reduce commercial value of seed cake and raise safety and environment concerns on jatropha plantation and processing. Curcins are Type I ribosome inactivating proteins. Several curcin genes have been identified in the jatropha genome. Among which, the Curcin 1 (C1) gene is identified to be specifically expressed in endosperm, whereas the Curcin 2A (C2A) is mainly expressed in young leaves. RESULTS A marker-free RNAi construct carrying a β-estradiol-regulated Cre/loxP system and a C1 promoter-driven RNAi cassette for C1 gene was made and used to generate marker-free transgenic RNAi plants to specifically silence the C1 gene in the endosperm of J. curcas. Plants of transgenic line L1, derived from T0-1, carry two copies of marker-free RNAi cassette, whereas plants of L35, derived from T0-35, harbored one copy of marker-free RNAi cassette and three copies of closely linked and yet truncated Hpt genes. The C1 protein content in endosperm of L1 and L35 seeds was greatly reduced or undetectable, while the C2A proteins in young leaves of T0-1 and T0-35 plants were unaffected. In addition, the C1 mRNA transcripts were undetectable in the endosperm of T3 seeds of L1 and L35. The results demonstrated that the expression of the C1 gene was specifically down-regulated or silenced by the double-stranded RNA-mediated RNA interference generated from the RNAi cassette. CONCLUSION The C1 promoter-driven RNAi cassette for the C1 gene in transgenic plants was functional and heritable. Both C1 transcripts and C1 proteins were greatly down-regulated or silenced in the endosperm of transgenic J. curcas. The marker-free transgenic plants and curcin-deficient seeds developed in this study provided a solution for the toxicity of curcins in jatropha seeds and addressed the safety concerns of the marker genes in transgenic plants on the environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Gu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Dongsheng Tian
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Huizhu Mao
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Lifang Wu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Republic of Singapore.
- Present address: Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
| | - Zhongchao Yin
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Republic of Singapore.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive, Singapore, 117543, Republic of Singapore.
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Republic of Singapore.
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18
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Shah M, Soares EL, Carvalho PC, Soares AA, Domont GB, Nogueira FCS, Campos FAP. Proteomic Analysis of the Endosperm Ontogeny of Jatropha curcas L. Seeds. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:2557-68. [PMID: 25920442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Seeds of Jatropha curcas L. represent a potential source of raw material for the production of biodiesel. However, this use is hampered by the lack of basic information on the biosynthetic pathways associated with synthesis of toxic diterpenes, fatty acids, and triacylglycerols, as well as the pattern of deposition of storage proteins during seed development. In this study, we performed an in-depth proteome analysis of the endosperm isolated from five developmental stages which resulted in the identification of 1517, 1256, 1033, 752, and 307 proteins, respectively, summing up 1760 different proteins. Proteins with similar label free quantitation expression pattern were grouped into five clusters. The biological significance of these identifications is discussed with special focus on the analysis of seed storage proteins, proteins involved in the metabolism of fatty acids, carbohydrates, toxic components and proteolytic processing. Although several enzymes belonging to the biosynthesis of diterpenoid precursors were identified, we were unable to find any terpene synthase/cyclase, indicating that the synthesis of phorbol esters, the main toxic diterpenes, does not occur in seeds. The strategy used enabled us to provide a first in depth proteome analysis of the developing endosperm of this biodiesel plant, providing an important glimpse into the enzymatic machinery devoted to the production of C and N sources to sustain seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohibullah Shah
- †Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60455-900, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Emanoella L Soares
- †Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60455-900, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Paulo C Carvalho
- ‡Laboratory for Proteomics and Protein Engineering, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz, Paraná 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Arlete A Soares
- ∥Department of Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60455-900, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Gilberto B Domont
- §Proteomic Unit, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio C S Nogueira
- §Proteomic Unit, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francisco A P Campos
- †Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60455-900, Ceara, Brazil
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Maghuly F, Jankowicz-Cieslak J, Pabinger S, Till BJ, Laimer M. Geographic origin is not supported by the genetic variability found in a large living collection of Jatropha curcas with accessions from three continents. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:536-51. [PMID: 25511658 PMCID: PMC4413048 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing economic interest in Jatropha curcas requires a major research focus on the genetic background and geographic origin of this non-edible biofuel crop. To determine the worldwide genetic structure of this species, amplified fragment length polymorphisms, inter simple sequence repeats, and novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were employed for a large collection of 907 J. curcas accessions and related species (RS) from three continents, 15 countries and 53 regions. PCoA, phenogram, and cophenetic analyses separated RS from two J. curcas groups. Accessions from Mexico, Bolivia, Paraguay, Kenya, and Ethiopia with unknown origins were found in both groups. In general, there was a considerable overlap between individuals from different regions and countries. The Bayesian approach using structure demonstrated two groups with a low genetic variation. Analysis of molecular varience revealed significant variation among individuals within populations. SNPs found by in silico analyses of Δ12 fatty acid desaturase indicated possible changes in gene expression and thus in fatty acid profiles. SNP variation was higher in the curcin gene compared to genes involved in oil production. Novel SNPs allowed separating toxic, non-toxic, and Mexican accessions. The present study confirms that human activities had a major influence on the genetic diversity of J. curcas, not only because of domestication, but also because of biased selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Maghuly
- Plant Biotechnology Unit (PBU), Department of Biotechnology, BOKU-VIBT, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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20
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King AJ, Montes LR, Clarke JG, Itzep J, Perez CAA, Jongschaap REE, Visser RGF, van Loo EN, Graham IA. Identification of QTL markers contributing to plant growth, oil yield and fatty acid composition in the oilseed crop Jatropha curcas L. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2015; 8:160. [PMID: 26413159 PMCID: PMC4583170 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Economical cultivation of the oilseed crop Jatropha curcas is currently hampered in part due to the non-availability of purpose-bred cultivars. Although genetic maps and genome sequence data exist for this crop, marker-assisted breeding has not yet been implemented due to a lack of available marker-trait association studies. To identify the location of beneficial alleles for use in plant breeding, we performed quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis for a number of agronomic traits in two biparental mapping populations. RESULTS The mapping populations segregated for a range of traits contributing to oil yield, including plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, total seeds per plant, 100-seed weight, seed oil content and fatty acid composition. QTL were detected for each of these traits and often over multiple years, with some variation in the phenotypic variance explained between different years. In one of the mapping populations where we recorded vegetative traits, we also observed co-localization of QTL for stem diameter and plant height, which were both overdominant, suggesting a possible locus conferring a pleotropic heterosis effect. By using a candidate gene approach and integrating physical mapping data from a recent high-quality release of the Jatropha genome, we were also able to position a large number of genes involved in the biosynthesis of storage lipids onto the genetic map. By comparing the position of these genes with QTL, we were able to detect a number of genes potentially underlying seed traits, including phosphatidate phosphatase genes. CONCLUSIONS The QTL we have identified will serve as a useful starting point in the creation of new varieties of J. curcas with improved agronomic performance for seed and oil productivity. Our ability to physically map a significant proportion of the Jatropha genome sequence onto our genetic map could also prove useful in identifying the genes underlying particular traits, allowing more controlled and precise introgression of desirable alleles and permitting the pyramiding or stacking of multiple QTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. King
- />Department of Biology, Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, University of York, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - Luis R. Montes
- />Biocombustibles de Guatemala, Guatemala Ciudad, Guatemala
- />Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
- />Graduate School of Experimental Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper G. Clarke
- />Department of Biology, Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, University of York, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - Jose Itzep
- />Biocombustibles de Guatemala, Guatemala Ciudad, Guatemala
| | - Cesar A. A. Perez
- />Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Edifico T-8 y T-9 Ciudad Universitaria zona 12, Guatemala Cuidad, Guatemala
| | - Raymond E. E. Jongschaap
- />Wageningen UR Agrosystems Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 16, 6708 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard G. F. Visser
- />Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eibertus N. van Loo
- />Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ian A. Graham
- />Department of Biology, Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, University of York, York, YO10 5DD UK
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Avendaño R, Díaz EG, Valdez-Melara M, Solano NC, Villalobos AM, Cascante FA, Benavides BW, Solís-Ramos LY. Genetic Diversity Analysis of Jatropha Species from Costa Rica Using AFLP Markers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2015.614245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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King AJ, Brown GD, Gilday AD, Larson TR, Graham IA. Production of bioactive diterpenoids in the euphorbiaceae depends on evolutionarily conserved gene clusters. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:3286-98. [PMID: 25172144 PMCID: PMC4371829 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.129668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The Euphorbiaceae produce a diverse range of diterpenoids, many of which have pharmacological activities. These diterpenoids include ingenol mebutate, which is licensed for the treatment of a precancerous skin condition (actinic keratosis), and phorbol derivatives such as resiniferatoxin and prostratin, which are undergoing investigation for the treatment of severe pain and HIV, respectively. Despite the interest in these diterpenoids, their biosynthesis is poorly understood at present, with the only characterized step being the conversion of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate into casbene. Here, we report a physical cluster of diterpenoid biosynthetic genes from castor (Ricinus communis), including casbene synthases and cytochrome P450s from the CYP726A subfamily. CYP726A14, CYP726A17, and CYP726A18 were able to catalyze 5-oxidation of casbene, a conserved oxidation step in the biosynthesis of this family of medicinally important diterpenoids. CYP726A16 catalyzed 7,8-epoxidation of 5-keto-casbene and CYP726A15 catalyzed 5-oxidation of neocembrene. Evidence of similar gene clustering was also found in two other Euphorbiaceae, including Euphorbia peplus, the source organism of ingenol mebutate. These results demonstrate conservation of gene clusters at the higher taxonomic level of the plant family and that this phenomenon could prove useful in further elucidating diterpenoid biosynthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J King
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey D Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Alison D Gilday
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Tony R Larson
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Ian A Graham
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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23
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Soares EL, Shah M, Soares AA, Costa JH, Carvalho P, Domont GB, Nogueira FCS, Campos FAP. Proteome analysis of the inner integument from developing Jatropha curcas L. seeds. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:3562-70. [PMID: 25010673 DOI: 10.1021/pr5004505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we performed a systematic proteomic analysis of the inner integument from developing seeds of Jatropha curcas and further explored the protein machinery responsible for generating the carbon and nitrogen sources to feed the growing embryo and endosperm. The inner integument of developing seeds was dissected into two sections called distal and proximal, and proteins were extracted from these sections and from the whole integument and analyzed using an EASY-nanoLC system coupled to an ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap Velos mass spectrometer. We identified 1526, 1192, and 1062 proteins from the proximal, distal, and whole inner integuments, respectively. The identifications include those of peptidases and other hydrolytic enzymes that play a key role in developmental programmed cell death and proteins associated with the cell-wall architecture and modification. Because many of these proteins are differentially expressed within the integument cell layers, these findings suggest that the cells mobilize an array of hydrolases to produce carbon and nitrogen sources from proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids available within the cells. Not least, the identification of several classes of seed storage proteins in the inner integument provides additional evidence of the role of the seed coat as a transient source of reserves for the growing embryo and endosperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanoella L Soares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara , Campus do Pici - Bl. 907, Fortaleza 60455-900, Brazil
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Maghuly F, Laimer M. Jatropha curcas, a biofuel crop: functional genomics for understanding metabolic pathways and genetic improvement. Biotechnol J 2014; 8:1172-82. [PMID: 24092674 PMCID: PMC4065342 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201300231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Jatropha curcas is currently attracting much attention as an oilseed crop for biofuel, as Jatropha can grow under climate and soil conditions that are unsuitable for food production. However, little is known about Jatropha, and there are a number of challenges to be overcome. In fact, Jatropha has not really been domesticated; most of the Jatropha accessions are toxic, which renders the seedcake unsuitable for use as animal feed. The seeds of Jatropha contain high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which negatively impact the biofuel quality. Fruiting of Jatropha is fairly continuous, thus increasing costs of harvesting. Therefore, before starting any improvement program using conventional or molecular breeding techniques, understanding gene function and the genome scale of Jatropha are prerequisites. This review presents currently available and relevant information on the latest technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) to decipher important metabolic pathways within Jatropha, such as oil and toxin synthesis. Further, it discusses future directions for biotechnological approaches in Jatropha breeding and improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Maghuly
- Plant Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biotechnology, BOKU-VIBT, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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25
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Patade VY, Khatri D, Kumar K, Grover A, Kumari M, Gupta SM, Kumar D, Nasim M. RNAi Mediated curcin precursor gene silencing in Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.). Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:4305-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3301-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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King AJ, Montes LR, Clarke JG, Affleck J, Li Y, Witsenboer H, van der Vossen E, van der Linde P, Tripathi Y, Tavares E, Shukla P, Rajasekaran T, van Loo EN, Graham IA. Linkage mapping in the oilseed crop Jatropha curcas L. reveals a locus controlling the biosynthesis of phorbol esters which cause seed toxicity. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2013; 11:986-96. [PMID: 23898859 PMCID: PMC4274016 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Current efforts to grow the tropical oilseed crop Jatropha curcas L. economically are hampered by the lack of cultivars and the presence of toxic phorbol esters (PE) within the seeds of most provenances. These PE restrict the conversion of seed cake into animal feed, although naturally occurring 'nontoxic' provenances exist which produce seed lacking PE. As an important step towards the development of genetically improved varieties of J. curcas, we constructed a linkage map from four F₂ mapping populations. The consensus linkage map contains 502 codominant markers, distributed over 11 linkage groups, with a mean marker density of 1.8 cM per unique locus. Analysis of the inheritance of PE biosynthesis indicated that this is a maternally controlled dominant monogenic trait. This maternal control is due to biosynthesis of the PE occurring only within maternal tissues. The trait segregated 3 : 1 within seeds collected from F₂ plants, and QTL analysis revealed that a locus on linkage group 8 was responsible for phorbol ester biosynthesis. By taking advantage of the draft genome assemblies of J. curcas and Ricinus communis (castor), a comparative mapping approach was used to develop additional markers to fine map this mutation within 2.3 cM. The linkage map provides a framework for the dissection of agronomic traits in J. curcas, and the development of improved varieties by marker-assisted breeding. The identification of the locus responsible for PE biosynthesis means that it is now possible to rapidly breed new nontoxic varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J King
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of YorkYork, UK
| | - Luis R Montes
- Biocombustibles de GuatemalaGuatemala Ciudad, Guatemala
- Plant Breeding Wageningen URWageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper G Clarke
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of YorkYork, UK
| | - Julie Affleck
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of YorkYork, UK
| | - Yi Li
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of YorkYork, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ian A Graham
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of YorkYork, UK
- (Tel +44 (0)1904 328750/fax +44 (0)1904 328762;email )
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Pinheiro CB, Shah M, Soares EL, Nogueira FCS, Carvalho PC, Junqueira M, Araújo GDT, Soares AA, Domont GB, Campos FAP. Proteome analysis of plastids from developing seeds of Jatropha curcas L. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:5137-45. [PMID: 24032481 DOI: 10.1021/pr400515b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we performed a proteomic analysis of plastids isolated from the endosperm of developing Jatropha curcas seeds that were in the initial stage of deposition of protein and lipid reserves. Proteins extracted from the plastids were digested with trypsin, and the peptides were applied to an EASY-nano LC system coupled inline to an ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap Velos mass spectrometer, and this led to the identification of 1103 proteins representing 804 protein groups, of which 923 proteins were considered as true identifications, and this considerably expands the repertoire of J. curcas proteins identified so far. Of the identified proteins, only five are encoded in the plastid genome, and none of them are involved in photosynthesis, evidentiating the nonphotosynthetic nature of the isolated plastids. Homologues for 824 out of 923 identified proteins were present in PPDB, SUBA, or PlProt databases while homologues for 13 proteins were not found in any of the three plastid proteins databases but were marked as plastidial by at least one of the three prediction programs used. Functional classification showed that proteins belonging to amino acids metabolism comprise the main functional class, followed by carbohydrate, energy, and lipid metabolisms. The small and large subunits of Rubisco were identified, and their presence in the plastids is considered to be an adaptive feature counterbalancing for the loss of one-third of the carbon as CO2 as a result of the conversion of carbohydrate to oil through glycolysis. While several enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of several precursors of diterpenoids were identified, we were unable to identify any terpene synthase/cyclase, which suggests that the plastids isolated from the endosperm of developing seeds do not synthesize phorbol esters. In conclusion, our study provides insights into the major biosynthetic pathways and certain unique features of the plastids from the endosperm of developing seeds at the whole proteome level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila B Pinheiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Ceará , Bld. 907, Campus do Pici, 60455-900 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Mulpuri S, Muddanuru T, Francis G. Start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphism in toxic and non-toxic accessions of Jatropha curcas L. and development of a codominant SCAR marker. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 207:117-27. [PMID: 23602106 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Thirty six start codon targeted (SCoT) primers were used for characterization of 48 accessions of Jatropha curcas from different countries and include material with genetic variation for levels of phorbol esters, yield, seed oil content, test weight and plant type. SCoT analysis revealed high polymorphism and 74% of the primers generated polymorphic profiles. The SCoT6 primer discriminated edible and toxic accessions in a single reaction while the SCoT26 and 27 primers produced amplicons specific to toxic and non-toxic accessions, respectively. The polymorphic SCoT markers obtained with these three primers were converted to sequence characterized amplicon regions (SCARs) which resulted in codominant SCARs with SCoT6 primer and dominant SCARs with SCoT 26 and 27 primers. The codominant nature of SCoT6 primer and the resultant SCAR6 primer were validated on intraspecific hybrids derived from a cross between non-toxic and toxic accessions. The accession JP38 from Madagascar was found to be distinct and showed accession specific bands with 9 different SCoT primers. Sequence analysis of polymorphic amplicons obtained with SCoT6 primer showed a 65 bp deletion in accessions with low/zero phorbol esters. Diversity analysis separated the toxic and non-toxic accessions into two groups and the accessions JP29 and JP48 from Mexico formed a third cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujatha Mulpuri
- Crop Improvement Section, Directorate of Oilseeds Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500030, India.
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Wang Z, Tang L, Hu H, Guo Y, Peng T, Yan F, Chen F. Metabolic profiling assisted quality control of phorbolesters in Jatropha curcas seed by high-performance liquid chromatography using a fused-core column. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:9567-9572. [PMID: 22917176 DOI: 10.1021/jf302134g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, fast and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with multivariate analysis was utilized to evaluate the metabolic profiling of Jatropha curcas seed and screen the marker compounds of phorbolesters (PEs), which significantly contributed to the metabolic profiling for quality control of PEs in J. curcas seed. Thirty-two peaks were separated and detected in J. curcas seed on a fused-core C(18) column between 2 and 25 min. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) of the chromatographic data demonstrated that 12 batches of J. curcas seed could be well-differentiated and categorized into 5 groups. Especially, one sample obtained from Lijiang Yunan was significantly different from the others. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed that the metabolic profiling differentiation might be explained by 9 components including J.factors C(1)-C(5) of PEs, peak 21 (similar to J.factor C(1)) and 3 peaks (peaks 1, 9, and 10) significantly different in retention time from the PEs. The observation that the content levels of J.factors C(1) and C(2) plus peak 21 (equivalent to J.factor C(1)) were more relevant to the multivariate chromatographic data than the ones of J.factors C(3)-C(5) was confirmed by the PLS prediction models. The results of the present study indicated not only that J.factors C(1) and C(2) were the more rational markers representing the comprehensive quality of PEs in J. curcas seed but also that peak 21 (similar to J.factor C(1)) was a rational marker, too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource and Ecological Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
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