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Jibran R, Hill SJ, Lampugnani ER, Hao P, Doblin MS, Bacic A, Vaidya AA, O'Donoghue EM, McGhie TK, Albert NW, Zhou Y, Raymond LG, Schwinn KE, Jordan BR, Bowman JL, Davies KM, Brummell DA. The auronidin flavonoid pigments of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha form polymers that modify cell wall properties. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39331793 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
Plant adaptation from aquatic to terrestrial environments required modifications to cell wall structure and function to provide tolerance to new abiotic and biotic stressors. Here, we investigate the nature and function of red auronidin pigment accumulation in the cell wall of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. Transgenic plants with auronidin production either constitutive or absent were analysed for their cell wall properties, including fractionation of polysaccharide and phenolic components. While small amounts of auronidin and other flavonoids were loosely associated with the cell wall, the majority of the pigments were tightly associated, similar to what is observed in angiosperms for polyphenolics such as lignin. No evidence of covalent binding to a polysaccharide component was found: we propose auronidin is present in the wall as a physically entrapped large molecular weight polymer. The results suggested auronidin is a dual function molecule that can both screen excess light and increase wall strength, hydrophobicity and resistance to enzymatic degradation by pathogens. Thus, liverworts have expanded the core phenylpropanoid toolkit that was present in the ancestor of all land plants, to deliver a lineage-specific solution to some of the environmental stresses faced from a terrestrial lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Jibran
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | | | - Edwin R Lampugnani
- School of Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
- AirHealth Pty Limited, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Pengfei Hao
- La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Monika S Doblin
- La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Antony Bacic
- La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | | | - Erin M O'Donoghue
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Tony K McGhie
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Nick W Albert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Yanfei Zhou
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Laura G Raymond
- Scion, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, 3046, New Zealand
- Te Uru Rākau - New Zealand Forest Service, Ministry for Primary Industries, PO Box 1340, Rotorua, 3040, New Zealand
| | - Kathy E Schwinn
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Brian R Jordan
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - John L Bowman
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Kevin M Davies
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - David A Brummell
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
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The influence of anthocyanins in pectin-whey protein complexation using a natural pigmented blackcurrant pectin. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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3
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Complexation of Anthocyanin-Bound Blackcurrant Pectin and Whey Protein: Effect of pH and Heat Treatment. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134202. [PMID: 35807448 PMCID: PMC9268037 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A complexation study between blackcurrant pectin (BCP) and whey protein (WP) was carried out to investigate the impact of bound anthocyanins on pectin−protein interactions. The effects of pH (3.5 and 4.5), heating (85 °C, 15 min), and heating sequence (mixed-heated or heated-mixed) were studied. The pH influenced the color, turbidity, particle size, and zeta-potential of the mixtures, but its impact was mainly significant when heating was introduced. Heating increased the amount of BCP in the complexes—especially at pH 3.5, where 88% w/w of the initial pectin was found in the sedimented (insoluble) fraction. Based on phase-separation measurements, the mixed-heated system at pH 4.5 displayed greater stability than at pH 3.5. Heating sequence was essential in preventing destabilization of the systems; mixing of components before heating produced a more stable system with small complexes (<300 nm) and relatively low polydispersity. However, heating WP before mixing with BCP prompted protein aggregation—producing large complexes (>400 nm) and worsening the destabilization. Peak shifts and emergence (800−1200 cm−1) in infrared spectra confirmed that BCP and WP functional groups were altered after mixing and heating via electrostatic, hydrophobic, and hydrogen bonding interactions. This study demonstrated that appropriate processing conditions can positively impact anthocyanin-bound pectin−protein interactions.
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Zhang P, Sun M, Wang X, Guo R, Sun Y, Gui M, Li J, Wang T, Zhang L. Morphological Characterization and Transcriptional Regulation of Corolla Closure in Ipomoea purpurea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:697764. [PMID: 34557209 PMCID: PMC8453026 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.697764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Corolla closure protects pollen from high-temperature stress during pollen germination and fertilization in the ornamental plant morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea). However, the morphological nature of this process and the molecular events underpinning it remain largely unclear. Here, we examined the cellular and gene expression changes that occur during corolla closure in the I. purpurea. We divided the corolla closure process into eight stages (S0-S7) based on corolla morphology. During flower opening, bulliform cells appear papillate, with pigments in the adaxial epidermis of the corolla. These cells have distinct morphology from the smaller, flat cells in the abaxial epidermis in the corolla limb and intermediate of the corolla. During corolla closure, the bulliform cells of the adaxial epidermis severely collapse compared to cells on the abaxial side. Analysis of transparent tissue and cross sections revealed that acuminate veins in the corolla are composed of spiral vessels that begin to curve during corolla closure. When the acuminate veins were compromised, the corolla failed to close normally. We performed transcriptome analysis to obtain a time-course profile of gene expression during the process from the open corolla stage (S0) to semi-closure (S3). Genes that were upregulated from S0 to S1 were enriched in the polysaccharide degradation pathway, which positively regulates cell wall reorganization. Senescence-related transcription factor genes were expressed beginning at S1, leading to the activation of downstream autophagy-related genes at S2. Genes associated with peroxisomes and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis were upregulated at S3 to enhance reactive oxygen species scavenging and protein degradation. Therefore, bulliform cells and acuminate veins play essential roles in corolla closure. Our findings provide a global understanding of the gene regulatory processes that occur during corolla closure in I. purpurea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Mingyue Sun
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Runjiu Guo
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuchu Sun
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Mengyuan Gui
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Taixia Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Nursing and Utilisation of Genuine Chinese Crude Drugs in Henan Province, Xinxiang, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
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Skaliter O, Kitsberg Y, Sharon E, Shklarman E, Shor E, Masci T, Yue Y, Arien Y, Tabach Y, Shafir S, Vainstein A. Spatial patterning of scent in petunia corolla is discriminated by bees and involves the ABCG1 transporter. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:1746-1758. [PMID: 33837586 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Floral guides are patterned cues that direct the pollinator to the plant reproductive organs. The spatial distribution of showy visual and olfactory traits allows efficient plant-pollinator interactions. Data on the mechanisms underlying floral volatile patterns or their interactions with pollinators are lacking. Here we characterize the spatial emission patterns of volatiles from the corolla of the model plant Petunia × hybrida and reveal the ability of honeybees to distinguish these patterns. Along the adaxial epidermis, in correlation with cell density, the petal base adjacent to reproductive organs emitted significantly higher levels of volatiles than the distal petal rim. Volatile emission could also be differentiated between the two epidermal surfaces: emission from the adaxial side was significantly higher than that from the abaxial side. Similar emission patterns were also observed in other petunias, Dianthus caryophyllus (carnation) and Argyranthemum frutescens (Marguerite daisy). Analyses of transcripts involved in volatile production/emission revealed lower levels of the plasma-membrane transporter ABCG1 in the abaxial versus adaxial epidermis. Transient overexpression of ABCG1 enhanced emission from the abaxial epidermis to the level of the adaxial epidermis, suggesting its involvement in spatial emission patterns in the epidermal layers. Proboscis extension response experiments showed that differences in emission levels along the adaxial epidermis, that is, petal base versus rim, detected by GC-MS are also discernible by honeybees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oded Skaliter
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yaarit Kitsberg
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elad Sharon
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Elena Shklarman
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ekaterina Shor
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tania Masci
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yuling Yue
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yael Arien
- B. Triwaks Bee Research Center, Department of Entomology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Yuval Tabach
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Sharoni Shafir
- B. Triwaks Bee Research Center, Department of Entomology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Alexander Vainstein
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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7
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Collins PP, O'donoghue EM, Rebstock R, Tiffin HR, Sutherland PW, Schröder R, McAtee PA, Prakash R, Ireland HS, Johnston JW, Atkinson RG, Schaffer RJ, Hallett IC, Brummell DA. Cell type-specific gene expression underpins remodelling of cell wall pectin in exocarp and cortex during apple fruit development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:6085-6099. [PMID: 31408160 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In apple (Malus×domestica) fruit, the different layers of the exocarp (cuticle, epidermis, and hypodermis) protect and maintain fruit integrity, and resist the turgor-driven expansion of the underlying thin-walled cortical cells during growth. Using in situ immunolocalization and size exclusion epitope detection chromatography, distinct cell type differences in cell wall composition in the exocarp were revealed during apple fruit development. Epidermal cell walls lacked pectic (1→4)-β-d-galactan (associated with rigidity), whereas linear (1→5)-α-l-arabinan (associated with flexibility) was exclusively present in the epidermal cell walls in expanding fruit and then appeared in all cell types during ripening. Branched (1→5)-α-l-arabinan was uniformly distributed between cell types. Laser capture microdissection and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) were used to explore transcriptomic differences controlling cell type-specific wall modification. The RNA-seq data indicate that the control of cell wall composition is achieved through cell-specific gene expression of hydrolases. In epidermal cells, this results in the degradation of galactan side chains by possibly five β-galactosidases (BGAL2, BGAL7, BGAL10, BGAL11, and BGAL103) and debranching of arabinans by α-arabinofuranosidases AF1 and AF2. Together, these results demonstrate that flexibility and rigidity of the different cell layers in apple fruit during development and ripening are determined, at least in part, by the control of cell wall pectin remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick P Collins
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Mount Albert Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Ria Rebstock
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Mount Albert Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Heather R Tiffin
- PFR, Food Industry Science Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Paul W Sutherland
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Mount Albert Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Roswitha Schröder
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Mount Albert Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter A McAtee
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Mount Albert Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Roneel Prakash
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Mount Albert Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hilary S Ireland
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Mount Albert Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Ross G Atkinson
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Mount Albert Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Robert J Schaffer
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- PFR, Motueka, New Zealand
| | - Ian C Hallett
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Mount Albert Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David A Brummell
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Mount Albert Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
- PFR, Food Industry Science Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Gao Y, Liu Y, Liang Y, Lu J, Jiang C, Fei Z, Jiang CZ, Ma C, Gao J. Rosa hybrida RhERF1 and RhERF4 mediate ethylene- and auxin-regulated petal abscission by influencing pectin degradation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:1159-1171. [PMID: 31111587 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The timing of plant organ abscission is modulated by the balance of two hormones, ethylene and auxin, while the mechanism of organ shedding depends on the loss of middle lamella pectin in the abscission zone (AZ). However, the mechanisms involved in sensing the balance of auxin and ethylene and that affect pectin degradation during abscission are not well understood. In this study, we identified two members of the APETALA2/ethylene-responsive factor (AP2/ERF) transcription factor family in rose (Rosa hybrida), RhERF1 and RhERF4 which play a role in petal abscission. The expression of RhERF1 and RhERF4 was influenced by ethylene and auxin, respectively. Reduced expression of RhERF1 or RhERF4 was observed to accelerate petal abscission. Global expression analysis and real-time PCR assays revealed that RhERF1 and RhERF4 modulate the expression of genes encoding pectin-metabolizing enzymes. A reduction in the abundance of pectin epitopes was detected in the AZs of RhERF1 and RhERF4-silenced plants by immunofluorescence microscopy analysis. In addition, RhERF1 and RhERF4 were shown to bind to the promoter of the pectin-metabolizing gene β-GALACTOSIDASE 1 (RhBGLA1), and reduced expression of RhBGLA1 delayed petal abscission. We conclude that during petal abscission, RhERF1 and RhERF4 integrate and coordinate ethylene and auxin signals to modulate pectin metabolism, in part by regulating the expression of RhBGLA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuerong Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yue Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingyun Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chuyan Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, 14853, NY, USA
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, 14853, NY, USA
| | - Cai-Zhong Jiang
- Crops Pathology and Genetic Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Davis, 95616, CA, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, 95616, CA, USA
| | - Chao Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junping Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Satya P, Chakraborty A, Sarkar D, Karan M, Das D, Mandal NA, Saha D, Datta S, Ray S, Kar CS, Karmakar PG, Mitra J, Singh NK. Transcriptome profiling uncovers β-galactosidases of diverse domain classes influencing hypocotyl development in jute (Corchorus capsularis L.). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 156:20-32. [PMID: 30172937 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme β-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) is known to influence vascular differentiation during early vegetative growth of plants, but its role in hypocotyl development is not yet fully understood. We generated the hypocotyl transcriptome data of a hypocotyl-defect jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) mutant (52,393 unigenes) and its wild-type (WT) cv. JRC-212 (44,720 unigenes) by paired-end RNA-seq and identified 11 isoforms of β-galactosidase, using a combination of sequence annotation, domain identification and structural-homology modeling. Phylogenetic analysis classified the jute β-galactosidases into six subfamilies of glycoside hydrolase-35 family, which are closely related to homologs from Malvaceous species. We also report here the expression of a β-galactosidase of glycoside hydrolase-2 family that was earlier considered to be absent in higher plants. Comparative analysis of domain structure allowed us to propose a domain-centric evolution of the five classes of plant β-galactosidases. Further, we observed 1.8-12.2-fold higher expression of nine β-galactosidase isoforms in the mutant hypocotyl, which was characterized by slower growth, undulated shape and deformed cell wall. In vitro and in vivo β-galactosidase activities were also higher in the mutant hypocotyl. Phenotypic analysis supported a significant (P ≤ 0.01) positive correlation between enzyme activity and undulated hypocotyl. Taken together, our study identifies the complete set of β-galactosidases expressed in the jute hypocotyl, and provides compelling evidence that they may be involved in cell wall degradation during hypocotyl development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Satya
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Nilganj, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700 120, West Bengal, India.
| | - Avrajit Chakraborty
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Nilganj, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700 120, West Bengal, India
| | - Debabrata Sarkar
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Nilganj, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700 120, West Bengal, India
| | - Maya Karan
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Nilganj, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700 120, West Bengal, India
| | - Debajeet Das
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Nilganj, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700 120, West Bengal, India
| | - Nur Alam Mandal
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Nilganj, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700 120, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipnarayan Saha
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Nilganj, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700 120, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhojit Datta
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Nilganj, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700 120, West Bengal, India
| | - Soham Ray
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Nilganj, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700 120, West Bengal, India
| | - Chandan Sourav Kar
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Nilganj, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700 120, West Bengal, India
| | - Pran Gobinda Karmakar
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Nilganj, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700 120, West Bengal, India
| | - Jiban Mitra
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Nilganj, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700 120, West Bengal, India
| | - Nagendra Kumar Singh
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110 012, India
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10
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Saffer AM. Expanding roles for pectins in plant development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:910-923. [PMID: 29727062 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Pectins are complex cell wall polysaccharides important for many aspects of plant development. Recent studies have discovered extensive physical interactions between pectins and other cell wall components, implicating pectins in new molecular functions. Pectins are often localized in spatially-restricted patterns, and some of these non-uniform pectin distributions contribute to multiple aspects of plant development, including the morphogenesis of cells and organs. Furthermore, a growing number of mutants affecting cell wall composition have begun to reveal the distinct contributions of different pectins to plant development. This review discusses the interactions of pectins with other cell wall components, the functions of pectins in controlling cellular morphology, and how non-uniform pectin composition can be an important determinant of developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Saffer
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, OML260, 266 Whitney Ave, New Haven, CT 06520-8104, USA
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11
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Ke M, Gao Z, Chen J, Qiu Y, Zhang L, Chen X. Auxin controls circadian flower opening and closure in the waterlily. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:143. [PMID: 29996787 PMCID: PMC6042438 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flowers open at sunrise and close at sunset, establishing a circadian floral movement rhythm to facilitate pollination as part of reproduction. By the coordination of endogenous factors and environmental stimuli, such as circadian clock, photoperiod, light and temperature, an appropriate floral movement rhythm has been established; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. RESULTS In our study, we use waterlily as a model which represents an early-diverging grade of flowering plants, and we aim to reveal the general mechanism of flower actions. We found that the intermediate segment of petal cells of waterlily are highly flexible, followed by a circadian cell expansion upon photoperiod stimuli. Auxin causes constitutively flower opening while auxin inhibitor suppresses opening event. Subsequent transcriptome profiles generated from waterlily's intermediate segment of petals at different day-time points showed that auxin is a crucial phytohormone required for floral movement rhythm via the coordination of YUCCA-controlled auxin synthesis, GH3-mediated auxin homeostasis, PIN and ABCB-dependent auxin efflux as well as TIR/AFB-AUX/IAA- and SAUR-triggered auxin signaling. Genes involved in cell wall organization were downstream of auxin events, resulting in the output phenotypes of rapid cell expansion during flower opening and cell shrinkage at flower closure stage. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data demonstrate a central regulatory role of auxin in floral movement rhythm and provide a global understanding of flower action in waterlily, which could be a conserved feature of angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Ke
- College of Horticulture and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Zhen Gao
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Jianqing Chen
- College of Horticulture and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian China
| | - Yuting Qiu
- College of Horticulture and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Liangsheng Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian China
| | - Xu Chen
- College of Horticulture and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
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