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González-Anduaga GM, Adams SJ, Dueñas-Deyá A, Pérez-Vásquez A, Avula B, Katragunta K, Khan IA, Navarrete A. Micro-Morphology characterization and HS-SPME-GC-MS Analysis of Floral parts of Quararibea funebris (La Llave) Vischer, traditionally known as Rosita de Cacao. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301709. [PMID: 38237114 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The flowers of Quararibea funebris are used to make a traditional drink called tejate, to which they add aroma, flavor and consistency. The study aims to profile the morphoanatomy of the floral parts of Q. funebris and analyze the changes in its volatile chemical composition during the drying process from 0 to 180 days by HS-SPME-GC-MS. The calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium have distinct characteristics, such as non-glandular fused stellate trichomes, calcium oxalate crystals, and large secretory ducts. Histochemical localization reveals the presence of mucilage and total lipids in all parts of the flower. The chemical analysis of the essential oil, extracted from the flowers, showed that transfarnesol and geraniol were the most abundant compounds, with a yield of 0.04 %. HS-SPME analysis indicated that fresh flowers had a more complex composition than dried ones. In total, 31 components were identified. Nonanal and geranyl acetone were found to be distinctive components of dried flowers. Microscopic examination helps in identifying and authenticating raw materials and also reveals the presence of secretory ducts in all floral parts, which is a distinctive feature. The chemical profile of volatiles provides an important parameter for the evaluation of the quality of Rosita de Cacao raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Melisa González-Anduaga
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sebastian John Adams
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, 38677, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Alexander Dueñas-Deyá
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Araceli Pérez-Vásquez
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, 38677, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Kumar Katragunta
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, 38677, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, 38677, Oxford, MS, USA
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, University, 38677, Oxford, MS, USA
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, 38677, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Andrés Navarrete
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, 38677, Oxford, MS, USA
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Triplett G, Buckley TN, Muir CD. Amphistomy increases leaf photosynthesis more in coastal than montane plants of Hawaiian 'ilima (Sida fallax). Am J Bot 2024; 111:e16284. [PMID: 38351495 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
PREMISE The adaptive significance of amphistomy (stomata on both upper and lower leaf surfaces) is unresolved. A widespread association between amphistomy and open, sunny habitats suggests the adaptive benefit of amphistomy may be greatest in these contexts, but this hypothesis has not been tested experimentally. Understanding amphistomy informs its potential as a target for crop improvement and paleoenvironment reconstruction. METHODS We developed a method to quantify "amphistomy advantage" (AA $\text{AA}$ ) as the log-ratio of photosynthesis in an amphistomatous leaf to that of the same leaf but with gas exchange blocked through the upper surface (pseudohypostomy). Humidity modulated stomatal conductance and thus enabled comparing photosynthesis at the same total stomatal conductance. We estimatedAA $\text{AA}$ and leaf traits in six coastal (open, sunny) and six montane (closed, shaded) populations of the indigenous Hawaiian species 'ilima (Sida fallax). RESULTS Coastal 'ilima leaves benefit 4.04 times more from amphistomy than montane leaves. Evidence was equivocal with respect to two hypotheses: (1) that coastal leaves benefit more because they are thicker and have lower CO2 conductance through the internal airspace and (2) that they benefit more because they have similar conductance on each surface, as opposed to most conductance being through the lower surface. CONCLUSIONS This is the first direct experimental evidence that amphistomy increases photosynthesis, consistent with the hypothesis that parallel pathways through upper and lower mesophyll increase CO2 supply to chloroplasts. The prevalence of amphistomatous leaves in open, sunny habitats can partially be explained by the increased benefit of amphistomy in "sun" leaves, but the mechanistic basis remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Triplett
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Thomas N Buckley
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Christopher D Muir
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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Tineo D, Calderon MS, Maicelo JL, Oliva M, Huamán-Pilco ÁF, Ananco O, Bustamante DE. Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the complete plastid genome of Theobroma bicolor ( Malvaceae) from Peru. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2024; 9:227-232. [PMID: 38313465 PMCID: PMC10836486 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2024.2310134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Theobroma bicolor Bonpl. 1806 is distributed in the Neotropics from southern Mexico to the Peruvian and Brazilian Amazon. High-throughput sequencing of T. bicolor from Peru (KUELAP2926) resulted in the assembly of its complete plastid genome (GenBank accession number OQ557154). The chloroplast genome of T. bicolor is A + T-rich (62.97%), having 160,317 bp in size and containing 130 genes; including a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs) of 25,462 bp separated by a large single copy region (LSC) of 89,221 bp and a small single copy region (SSC) of 20,172 bp. This plastid genome is similar in length, content, and organization to other members of the genus Theobroma. Phylogenetic analyses of T. bicolor support its sistership to the clade comprising T. cacao and T. grandiflorum. This study may contribute valuable information to the phylogenetic relationships within the genus Theobroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tineo
- Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva (INDES-CES), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Chachapoyas, Peru
| | - Martha S Calderon
- Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva (INDES-CES), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Chachapoyas, Peru
- Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería Ambiental (INAM), Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental (FICIAM), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Chachapoyas, Peru
| | - Jorge L Maicelo
- Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva (INDES-CES), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Chachapoyas, Peru
| | - Manuel Oliva
- Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva (INDES-CES), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Chachapoyas, Peru
| | - Ángel F Huamán-Pilco
- Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oswaldo Ananco
- Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva (INDES-CES), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Chachapoyas, Peru
| | - Danilo E Bustamante
- Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva (INDES-CES), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Chachapoyas, Peru
- Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería Ambiental (INAM), Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental (FICIAM), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Chachapoyas, Peru
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Dorr LJ, Wurdack KJ. Re-evaluating monotypic Eleutherostylis from New Guinea and the Moluccas and its inclusion in Grewia ( Malvaceae, Grewioideae). PhytoKeys 2024; 237:91-102. [PMID: 38282984 PMCID: PMC10819617 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.237.114105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence indicate that Eleutherostylis Burret (Malvaceae, Grewioideae), a monotypic genus described from New Guinea, is best considered a synonym of Grewia L., a species-rich genus widespread across the Paleotropics and found in Africa, Arabia, Asia, Australia and the western Pacific. A new combination, based on E.renistipulata Burret, G.renistipulata (Burret) Dorr, comb. nov., is proposed. Original material of the basionym could not be located and a neotype is designated. A lectotype is designated for G.morotaiensis Kosterm., a synonym of G.renistipulata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence J. Dorr
- National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany, MRC-166, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, USASmithsonian InstitutionWashington D.C.United States of America
| | - Kenneth J. Wurdack
- National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany, MRC-166, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, USASmithsonian InstitutionWashington D.C.United States of America
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Karimi N, Hanes MM. Patterns of Grewia ( Malvaceae) diversity across geographic scales in Africa and Madagascar. Ann Bot 2024:mcae009. [PMID: 38243607 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Quantifying spatial species richness is useful to describe biodiversity patterns across broad geographic areas, especially in large, poorly known plant groups. We explore patterns and predictors of species richness across Africa in one such group; the paleotropical genus Grewia L. (Malvaceae). METHODS Grewia species richness was quantified by extracting herbarium records from GBIF and Tropicos and creating geographic grids at varying spatial scales. We assessed predictors of species richness using spatial regression models with 30 environmental variables. We explored species co-occurrence in Madagascar at finer resolutions using Schoener's index, and compared species' range sizes and IUCN status among ecoregions. Lastly, we derived a trait matrix for a subset of species found in Madagascar to characterize morphological diversity across space. KEY RESULTS Grewia species occur in 50 countries in Africa, with the highest number of species in Madagascar (93, with 80 species endemic). Species richness is highest in Madagascar, with up to 23 Grewia species in a grid cell, followed by coastal Tanzania/Kenya (up to 13 species), and northern South Africa and central Angola (11 species each). Across Africa, higher species richness was predicted by variables related to aridity. In Madagascar, a greater range in environmental variables best predicted species richness, consistent with geographic grid cells of highest species richness occurring near biome/ecoregion transitions. In Madagascar we also observe increasing dissimilarity in species composition with increasing geographic distance. CONCLUSIONS The spatial patterns and underlying environmental predictors that we uncover in Grewia represent an important step in our understanding of plant distribution and diversity patterns across Africa. Madagascar boasts nearly twice the Grewia species richness, compared to the second most species-rich country in Africa, which might be explained by complex topography and environmental conditions across small spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisa Karimi
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Margaret M Hanes
- Department of Biology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA
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Nakata MT, Takahara M, Yamada T, Demura T. Simultaneous analysis of shape and internal structure of a curved Hibiscus cannabinus pulvinus: X-ray microtomography and semi-automated quantification. J Plant Res 2024; 137:79-94. [PMID: 37812342 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-023-01498-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
In the Malvaceae family, dynamic solar tracking by leaves is actuated by the deformation of the pulvinus, a thickened region at the leaf blade-petiole junction. While the internal structure is believed to play a crucial role in this process, experimental verification has been challenging due to technical limitations. To address this gap, we developed a semi-automated workflow, which integrates data analysis and image processing to simultaneously analyze the shape and internal structure of a Malvaceae pulvinus using X-ray microtomography. Firstly, we found that kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), a Malvaceae species with curved pulvini, exhibited solar-tracking leaf movement and selected it as a model system. We employed diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography to visualize the internal structure of the kenaf pulvinus. Analysis of the pulvini's shape revealed variations in pulvinus morphology, yet plausible prediction of the centerline was accomplished using polar polynomial regression. Upon slicing the pulvini perpendicular to the centerline, we observed distinct gray value gradients along the proximo-distal and adaxial-abaxial axes, challenging threshold-based tissue segmentation. This workflow successfully generated three modified 3D images and derived quantitative parameters. Using these quantitative parameters, we conducted network analysis and found the linkage between the size-normalized cortex cross-sectional area and curvature. Polynomial least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression revealed the relationship between the size-normalized cortex cross-sectional area and curvature commonly in all three tested samples. This workflow enables simultaneous analysis of the shape and internal structure, significantly improving the reproducibility of Malvaceae leaf pulvinus characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki T Nakata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara, Japan.
- Center for Digital Green-Innovation, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara, Japan.
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chūō-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan.
| | | | - Toshihiro Yamada
- The Botanical Gardens, Osaka Metropolitan University, Katano, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Taku Demura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara, Japan
- Center for Digital Green-Innovation, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara, Japan
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Sheema, Zafar S, Uddin G, Rashid A. A comprehensive review on the ethnobotanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological aspects of the genus Malvastrum. Fitoterapia 2023; 171:105666. [PMID: 37673276 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The genus Malvastrum, from the family Malvaceae, is a small genus of twenty four species, distributed worldwide. Some of the species have a long and rich history of ethnobotanical and traditional medicinal uses. Few reports of systematic scientific studies can be found in the literature which highlight the rich chemical profile and pharmacological properties of the genus. This is the first ever attempt to compile the available literature and provide a critical overview for future studies on the genus. For this purpose, several databases, such as PubMed, Scifinder, Elsevier, Google Scholar, and others were utilized. Literature records the presence of bioactive metabolites in the genus, effective against dysentery, gastrointestinal distress, fever, enteritis, hepatitis, cough, sore throat, arthritis, and diabetes. Seventy four biologically active secondary metabolites have been identified from different species of Malvastrum, including four pure isolates. Furthermore, this report also documents their potential properties. This article may prove as a milestone for new researchers, eager to work on Malvastrum species and perform further in-depth studies on this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheema
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Salman Zafar
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Ghias Uddin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Afsana Rashid
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
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Ni M, Luo H, Xu H, Chu C, Fang S. High temperature can improve the performance of invasive plants by facilitating root growth. Am J Bot 2023; 110:e16227. [PMID: 37561668 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE The ever-increasing temperatures of the Anthropocene may facilitate plant invasions. To date, studies of temperature effects on alien plants have mainly focused on aboveground plant traits but ignored belowground traits, which may confound predictions of plant invasion risks. METHODS The temperature effects on the root growth dynamics of two alien shrubs, invasive Mimosa sepiaria and naturalized Corchorus capsulari, were studied using a 3D, transparent growth system under five temperature treatments (day/night: 18°C/13°C to 34°C/29°C) that cover the present and future warming temperature scenarios in China. We measured root depth and width growth in response to temperature treatments over 84 days. We also investigated intra- and interspecific competition of paired plants of the two species grown together at the five temperatures. RESULTS Shoot growth of M. sepiaria and C. capsularis was optimal at the mid-range temperature. Root growth, however, was faster at the highest temperature (34°C/29°C) for M. sepiaria, but decreased for C. capsularis as temperatures increased. Root depth growth was more sensitive than root width for both species during neighbor competition. Compared to C. capsularis, M. sepiaria had relatively greater advantage during intra- and interspecific competition with increasing temperature, possibly because of its better root growth at high temperatures. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that temperature increases can improve the performance of some alien plants by facilitating width and depth growth of their roots. This enhancement requires serious attention when managing and predicting invasion risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ni
- Department of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Luo
- Department of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Xu
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengjin Chu
- Department of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suqin Fang
- Department of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Hua Y, Zeng K, Liang H, Liang H, Jiang Y, Tu P. Anti-inflammatory quinoline-4(1H)-one derivatives from the aerial parts of Waltheria indica linn. Phytochemistry 2023; 214:113746. [PMID: 37331574 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Eight previously undescribed quinoline-4(1H)-one derivatives (1-8) and five known analogues (9-13) were isolated from the 95% aqueous extract of the aerial parts of Waltheria indica Linn. Their chemical structures were determined by analyzing 1D NMR, 2D NMR and HRESIMS data comprehensively. Compounds 1-8 possess diverse side chains at C-5 of quinoline-4(1H)-one or tetrahydroquinolin-4(1H)-one skeleton. The absolute configurations were assigned via comparison of the experimental and calculated ECD spectra, and analysis of the ECD data of the in situ formed [Rh2(OCOCF3)4] complex. Additionally, all 13 isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities by measuring the inhibitory effects of nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV-2 cells. Compounds 2, 5 and 11 showed moderate inhibition toward NO production with IC50 values of 40.41 ± 1.01, 60.09 ± 1.23 and 55.38 ± 0.52 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Kewu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Haizhen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Wolcott KA, Stanley EL, Gutierrez OA, Wuchty S, Whitlock BA. 3D pollination biology using micro-computed tomography and geometric morphometrics in Theobroma cacao. Appl Plant Sci 2023; 11:e11549. [PMID: 37915432 PMCID: PMC10617321 DOI: 10.1002/aps3.11549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Premise Imaging technologies that capture three-dimensional (3D) variation in floral morphology at micro- and nano-resolutions are increasingly accessible. In herkogamous flowers, such as those of Theobroma cacao, structural barriers between anthers and stigmas represent bottlenecks that restrict pollinator size and access to reproductive organs. To study the unresolved pollination biology of cacao, we present a novel application of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) using floral dimensions to quantify pollinator functional size limits. Methods We generated micro-CT data sets from field-collected flowers and museum specimens of potential pollinators. To compare floral variation, we used 3D Slicer to place landmarks on the surface models and performed a geometric morphometric (GMM) analysis using geomorph R. We identified the petal side door (an opening between the petal hoods and filament) as the main bottleneck for pollinator access. We compared its mean dimensions with proposed pollinators to identify viable candidates. Results We identified three levels of likelihood for putative pollinators based on the number of morphological (body) dimensions that fit through the petal side door. We also found floral reward microstructures whose presence and location were previously unclear. Discussion Using micro-CT and GMM to study the 3D pollination biology of cacao provides new evidence for predicting unknown pollinators. Incorporating geometry and floral rewards will strengthen plant-pollinator trait matching models for cacao and other species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward L. Stanley
- Department of Natural HistoryFlorida Museum of Natural HistoryGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Osman A. Gutierrez
- Subtropical Horticultural Research StationUnited States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service (USDA‐ARS)MiamiFlorida33158USA
| | - Stefan Wuchty
- Department of BiologyUniversity of MiamiCoral GablesFlorida33124USA
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of MiamiCoral GablesFlorida33146USA
- Institute of Data Science and ComputingUniversity of MiamiCoral GablesFlorida33146USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of MiamiMiamiFlorida33136USA
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Tang J, Wu L, Tang XF, Liu WB, Chen C, Li JL, Long YH. A new alkaloid from Thespesia populnea endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. TM-Y1-1. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2023; 25:905-911. [PMID: 36583379 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2022.2162887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A new alkaloid (3), together with three known compounds, were isolated from the Thespesia populnea endophytic fungus TM-Y1-1. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods. The absolute configuration of compound 3 was determined for the first time by ECD calculation and DP4+ analysis. All compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activity. The results showed that compounds 1 and 2 both exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against banana Colletotrichum gloeosporioides with MIC value of 31.25 μg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Li Wu
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Xin-Fan Tang
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jia-Lin Li
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yu-Hua Long
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510000, China
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12
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de Santana SF, Santos VC, Lopes ÍS, Porto JAM, Mora-Ocampo IY, Sodré GA, Pirovani CP, Góes-Neto A, Pacheco LGC, Fonseca PLC, Costa MA, Aguiar ERGR. Mining Public Data to Investigate the Virome of Neglected Pollinators and Other Floral Visitors. Viruses 2023; 15:1850. [PMID: 37766257 PMCID: PMC10535300 DOI: 10.3390/v15091850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports the virome investigation of pollinator species and other floral visitors associated with plants from the south of Bahia: Aphis aurantii, Atrichopogon sp., Dasyhelea sp., Forcipomyia taiwana, and Trigona ventralis hoozana. Studying viruses in insects associated with economically important crops is vital to understand transmission dynamics and manage viral diseases that pose as threats for global food security. Using literature mining and public RNA next-generation sequencing data deposited in the NCBI SRA database, we identified potential vectors associated with Malvaceae plant species and characterized the microbial communities resident in these insects. Bacteria and Eukarya dominated the metagenomic analyses of all taxon groups. We also found sequences showing similarity to elements from several viral families, including Bunyavirales, Chuviridae, Iflaviridae, Narnaviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Totiviridae, and Xinmoviridae. Phylogenetic analyses indicated the existence of at least 16 new viruses distributed among A. aurantii (3), Atrichopogon sp. (4), Dasyhelea sp. (3), and F. taiwana (6). No novel viruses were found for T. ventralis hoozana. For F. taiwana, the available libraries also allowed us to suggest possible vertical transmission, while for A. aurantii we followed the infection profile along the insect development. Our results highlight the importance of studying the virome of insect species associated with crop pollination, as they may play a crucial role in the transmission of viruses to economically important plants, such as those of the genus Theobroma, or they will reduce the pollination process. This information may be valuable in developing strategies to mitigate the spread of viruses and protect the global industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Ferreira de Santana
- Department of Biological Science, Center of Biotechnology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil; (S.F.d.S.)
| | - Vinícius Castro Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil (A.G.-N.)
| | - Ícaro Santos Lopes
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil (A.G.-N.)
| | - Joel Augusto Moura Porto
- Department of Biological Science, Center of Biotechnology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil; (S.F.d.S.)
| | - Irma Yuliana Mora-Ocampo
- Department of Biological Science, Center of Biotechnology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil; (S.F.d.S.)
| | - George Andrade Sodré
- Department of Biological Science, Center of Biotechnology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil; (S.F.d.S.)
| | - Carlos Priminho Pirovani
- Department of Biological Science, Center of Biotechnology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil; (S.F.d.S.)
| | - Aristóteles Góes-Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil (A.G.-N.)
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Luis Gustavo Carvalho Pacheco
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
| | - Paula Luize Camargos Fonseca
- Department of Biological Science, Center of Biotechnology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil; (S.F.d.S.)
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Costa
- Department of Biological Science, Center of Biotechnology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil; (S.F.d.S.)
| | - Eric Roberto Guimarães Rocha Aguiar
- Department of Biological Science, Center of Biotechnology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, BA, Brazil; (S.F.d.S.)
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Hou WJ, Men WX, Bian C, Song YY, Yang YY, Xu L, Kang TG. The complete chloroplast genome of Grewia biloba var. parviflora (Bunge) Hand.-Mazz. ( Malvaceae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2023; 8:804-808. [PMID: 37545553 PMCID: PMC10399491 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2023.2240057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Grewia biloba var. parviflora (Bunge) Hand.-Mazz. (1933), a shrub or small tree, is native to northern and southern China. It is an excellent relief and medicinal plant. The complete chloroplast genome is 158,043 bp in length, with a large single-copy region of 86,957 bp, a small single-copy region of 20,138 bp, two inverted repeat regions of 25,474 bp each, and a GC content of 37.4%. There were 129 genes annotated, including 84 known protein-coding genes, 37 tRNAs, and eight rRNAs. The phylogenetic trees are constructed using plastome data from 38 species and the maximum-likelihood method. The results of the chloroplast genome-wide analysis and the phylogenetic tree show the taxonomic phylogeny of the G. biloba var. parviflora in relation to other species, increasing the accuracy of the phylogenetic classification of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Wen-Xiao Men
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Che Bian
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Yue-Yue Song
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Yan-yun Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Ting-Guo Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
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14
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Küpeli Akkol E, Türkcanoğlu G, Taştan H, Sobarzo-Sánchez E. Prevention of Inflammation Initiation on Acetic Acid-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats by Malva nicaeensis All. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2023; 28:142. [PMID: 37525912 DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2807142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aerial parts of Malva nicaeensis All. are preferred in the prevention and treatment of intestinal infections and hemorrhoids in Turkish traditional medicine. This study is planned to evaluate the pharmacological activity of M. nicaeensis extracts on rats with acetic acid-induced colitis. METHODS The plant material was subsequently extracted with n-hexane, ethanol, and water, respectively. All of these extracts were tested for efficacy in the acetic acid-induced rat colitis model. The aqueous and polysaccharide extracts regulated cytokine levels and antioxidant parameters. Furthermore, the aqueous extract in particular regulated myeloperoxidase and caspase-3 levels in this rat model. In addition, the polysaccharide-rich fraction was separated from the aqueous extract. RESULTS The polysaccharide-rich fraction and aqueous extract regulated cytokine levels and antioxidant parameters. The aqueous extract also positively affected myeloperoxidase and caspase-3 levels. The phytochemical studies revealed that the aqueous extract had the highest phenolic content. In addition, the polysaccharide fraction was found to contain total sugars, sulfated groups, uronic acids, and total proteins in 78.4%, 0.9%, 1.5%, and 14.7%, respectively, and was rich in monosaccharide-type compounds, especially galactose (36.4%). CONCLUSIONS M. nicaeensis was discovered to be a drug lead in the future treatment of irritable bowel diseases or as a complementary therapeutic agent that aided conventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gizem Türkcanoğlu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakkı Taştan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, 8330507 Santiago, Chile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Humphreys EA, Skema C. Just add water: Rainfall-induced anther closure and color change in Ripariosida hermaphrodita ( Malvaceae). Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10219. [PMID: 37404694 PMCID: PMC10316374 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anther opening has commonly been thought of as unidirectional, but reports of anthers closing in response to rainfall show this is not the case. In some species, anther closure can protect pollen from degrading or washing away, thus possibly enhancing male fitness. Similarly, although floral color is often presumed to be static, numerous floral parts may change color during blooming. These color changes primarily occur in response to pollination or aging, thus potentially increasing pollination efficiency by directing floral visitors to recently opened, unpollinated flowers. Daily observations of 364 Ripariosida hermaphrodita flowers from seven individuals showed that anthers that were purple, open, and shedding pollen became beige colored and tightly closed after rainfall. These findings were further supported by observations of plants exposed to simulated rainfall in a greenhouse and time-lapse photography of flowers misted with water. To our knowledge, our work represents the first report of anther closure in response to rain in Malvaceae and the first report of floral color change induced by rainfall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Humphreys
- Morris Arboretum & Gardens of the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Cynthia Skema
- Morris Arboretum & Gardens of the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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Akwu NA, Naidoo Y, Singh M, Dewir YH, Magyar-Tábori K, Lekhooa M, Aremu AO. Development and Biomechanics of Grewia lasiocarpa E. Mey. Ex Harv. Trichomes Exudate. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12112198. [PMID: 37299177 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Grewia lasiocarpa E. Mey. Ex Harv., Malvaceae (forest raisin) is a tropical small tree or shrub valued for its ecological importance as well as its nutritional, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-cancer properties as well as its ecological and ornamental importance. Glandular and non-glandular trichomes are present on the fruits, stem bark and leaves of G. lasiocarpa and these trichomes are the first line of defense. They are important structures that plants use to combat biotic and abiotic stress. The development of G. lasiocarpa trichomes and the biomechanics of the exudates present in the glandular (capitate) trichome were investigated for the first time using advanced microscopy techniques [Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM)]. The pressurized cuticular striations may play a role in the exudates' biomechanics, i.e., releasing secondary metabolites present in the capitate trichome, which was observed to be multidirectional. The presence of many glandular trichomes on a plant implies an increase in the amount of phytometabolites. A common precursor for the development of trichomes (non-glandular and glandular) was observed to be DNA synthesis associated with a periclinal cell division, thus the final fate of the cell is determined by cell cycle regulation, polarity, and expansion. The glandular trichomes of G. lasiocarpa are multicellular and polyglandular, while the non-glandular (glandless) trichomes are either single-celled or multicellular. Since, trichomes 'house' phytocompounds of medicinal, nutritional, and agronomical benefits; the molecular and genetic study of the glandular trichomes of Grewia lasiocarpa will be beneficial to humanity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nneka Augustina Akwu
- Biology Cluster, School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2790, South Africa
- Preclinical Drug Development Platform, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Yougasphree Naidoo
- Biology Cluster, School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Moganavelli Singh
- Biology Cluster, School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Yaser Hassan Dewir
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katalin Magyar-Tábori
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm (IAREF), University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, 4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | - Makhotso Lekhooa
- Preclinical Drug Development Platform, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu
- Biology Cluster, School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2790, South Africa
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Kieu CN, Tran DB, Le NH, Duong TH, Bui TH, Nguyen TT, Bui HQ, Tran TB. A new species of Sterculia ( Malvaceae) from Vietnam. PhytoKeys 2023; 227:1-8. [PMID: 37287939 PMCID: PMC10242523 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.227.101754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A new species of Sterculia from Vietnam - S.konchurangensis - is described, illustrated, and compared with the similar S.lanceolata. S.konchurangensis differs from S.lanceolata by the length of the petiole (7.0-9.5 vs. 25-35 mm), shape of the leaf blade (obovate or elliptic vs. elliptic, lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate), length of the leaf blade (6-8 vs. 9-20 cm), and length of the calyx lobe (11-12.5 vs. 4-6 mm). A diagnostic key of the 22 Sterculia species occurring in Vietnam is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cam Nhung Kieu
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, VietnamGraduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyHa NoiVietnam
| | - Duc Binh Tran
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, VietnamGraduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyHa NoiVietnam
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, VietnamInstitute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyHa NoiVietnam
| | - Ngoc Han Le
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, VietnamInstitute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyHa NoiVietnam
| | - Thi Hoan Duong
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, VietnamInstitute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyHa NoiVietnam
| | - Thu Ha Bui
- Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, 136, Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, VietnamHanoi National University of EducationHa NoiVietnam
| | - Thu Thuy Nguyen
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, VietnamGraduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyHa NoiVietnam
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, VietnamInstitute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyHa NoiVietnam
| | - Hong Quang Bui
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, VietnamGraduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyHa NoiVietnam
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, VietnamInstitute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyHa NoiVietnam
| | - The Bach Tran
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, VietnamGraduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyHa NoiVietnam
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, VietnamInstitute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyHa NoiVietnam
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Percy DM, Sveinsson S, Ponomarev A, Yang JY, Cronk QCB. Chloroplast markers for the Malvaceae and the plastome of Henderson's checkermallow (Sidalcea hendersonii S.Wats.), a rare plant from the Pacific Northwest. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:87. [PMID: 37221603 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06357-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sidalcea is a genus of flowering plants restricted to the west coast of North America, commonly known as checkermallows. Remarkably, of the ~ 30 recognized species, 16 are of conservation concern (vulnerable, imperilled or critically imperilled). To facilitate biological studies in this genus, and in the wider Malvaceae, we have sequenced the whole plastid genome of Sidalcea hendersonii. This will allow us both to check those regions already developed as general Malvaceae markers in a previous study, and to search for new regions. RESULTS By comparing the Sidalcea genome to that of Althaea, we have identified a hypervariable circa 1 kb region in the short single copy region. This region shows promise for examining phylogeographic pattern, hybridization and haplotype diversity. Remarkably, considering the conservation of plastome architecture between Sidalcea and Althaea, the former has a 237 bp deletion in the otherwise highly conserved inverted repeat region. Newly designed primers provide a PCR assay to determine presence of this indel across the Malvaceae. Screening of previously designed chloroplast microsatellite markers indicates two markers with variation within S. hendersonii that would be useful in future population conservation genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Percy
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | | | - Andrew Ponomarev
- Department of Biology, Langara College, V5Y 2Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ji Yong Yang
- Department of Biology, Langara College, V5Y 2Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Quentin C B Cronk
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Beaty Biodiversity Museum, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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19
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Verloove F, Sennikov AN, Reyes-Betancort JA. Taxonomy and nomenclature of Abutilonalbidum ( Malvaceae, Malvoideae), a cryptic Saharo-Canarian species recently rediscovered in Tenerife. PhytoKeys 2023; 221:41-60. [PMID: 37250349 PMCID: PMC10209710 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.221.95907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Abutilonalbidum, a cryptic Saharo-Canarian species, was thought to have been last collected in 1945 in Tenerife by E.R. Sventenius. In 2019, it was rediscovered in the same area. The characteristic features of the Canarian plants are discussed, especially in relation to the morphologically similar-looking and probably closely-related species Abutilonindicum and A.bidentatum. It is concluded that the plants from Tenerife and north-western Africa indeed represent a distinct species. The species is illustrated and a key for the identification of this and related species is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Verloove
- Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, B-1860, Meise, BelgiumMeise Botanic GardenMeiseBelgium
| | - Alexander N. Sennikov
- Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 7, 00014, Helsinki, FinlandUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - J. Alfredo Reyes-Betancort
- Jardín de Aclimatación de La Orotava, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias (ICIA), C/ Retama 2, 38400, Puerto de la Cruz. Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Tenerife, SpainInstituto Canario de Investigaciones AgrariasTenerifeSpain
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20
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Barrera K, González-Cortazar M, Reyes-Pérez R, Pérez-García D, Herrera-Ruiz M, Arellano-García J, Cruz-Sosa F, Nicasio-Torres P. Production of Two Isomers of Sphaeralcic Acid in Hairy Roots from Sphaeralcea angustifolia. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1090. [PMID: 36903951 PMCID: PMC10005507 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Sphaeralcea angustifolia plant is used as an anti-inflammatory and gastrointestinal protector in Mexican traditional medicine. The immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects have been attributed to scopoletin (1), tomentin (2), and sphaeralcic acid (3) isolated from cells in suspension cultures and identified in the aerial tissues of the wild plant. The hairy roots from S. angustifolia established by infecting internodes with Agrobacterium rhizogenes were explored to produce active compounds based on biosynthetic stability and their capacity to produce new compounds. Chemical analysis was resumed after 3 years in these transformed roots, SaTRN12.2 (line 1) produced scopoletin (0.0022 mg g-1) and sphaeralcic acid (0.22 mg g-1); instead, the SaTRN7.1 (line 2) only produced sphaeralcic acid (3.07 mg g-1). The sphaeralcic acid content was 85-fold higher than that reported for the cells in the suspension cultivated into flakes, and it was similar when the cells in suspension were cultivated in a stirring tank under nitrate restriction. Moreover, both hairy root lines produced stigmasterol (4) and β-sitosterol (5), as well as two new naphthoic derivates: iso-sphaeralcic acid (6) and 8-methyl-iso-sphaeralcic acid (7), which turned out to be isomers of sphaeralcic acid (3) and have not been reported. The dichloromethane-methanol extract from SaTRN7.1 hairy root line had a gastroprotective effect on an ulcer model in mice induced with ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Barrera
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-Iztapalapa), Av. Ferrocarril de San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1a. Sección, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de Mexico 09310, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Manasés González-Cortazar
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur (CIBIS), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina No. 1 Col. Centro, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Reyes-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur (CIBIS), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina No. 1 Col. Centro, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Dolores Pérez-García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur (CIBIS), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina No. 1 Col. Centro, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Maribel Herrera-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur (CIBIS), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina No. 1 Col. Centro, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jesús Arellano-García
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología (CeIB), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM), Circuito Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Francisco Cruz-Sosa
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-Iztapalapa), Av. Ferrocarril de San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1a. Sección, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de Mexico 09310, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Pilar Nicasio-Torres
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur (CIBIS), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina No. 1 Col. Centro, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico
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Joshi P, Ansari H, Dickson R, Ellison NW, Skema C, Tate JA. Polyploidy on islands - concerted evolution and gene loss amid chromosomal stasis. Ann Bot 2023; 131:33-44. [PMID: 35390127 PMCID: PMC9904340 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Polyploidy is an important process that often generates genomic diversity within lineages, but it can also cause changes that result in loss of genomic material. Island lineages, while often polyploid, typically show chromosomal stasis but have not been investigated in detail regarding smaller-scale gene loss. Our aim was to investigate post-polyploidization genome dynamics in a chromosomally stable lineage of Malvaceae endemic to New Zealand. METHODS We determined chromosome numbers and used fluorescence in situ hybridization to localize 18S and 5S rDNA. Gene sequencing of 18S rDNA, the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) with intervening 5.8S rDNA, and a low-copy nuclear gene, GBSSI-1, was undertaken to determine if gene loss occurred in the New Zealand lineage following polyploidy. KEY RESULTS The chromosome number for all species investigated was 2n = 42, with the first published report for the monotypic Australian genus Asterotrichion. The five species investigated all had two 5S rDNA signals localized interstitially on the long arm of one of the largest chromosome pairs. All species, except Plagianthus regius, had two 18S rDNA signals localized proximally on the short arm of one of the smallest chromosome pairs. Plagianthus regius had two additional 18S rDNA signals on a separate chromosome, giving a total of four. Sequencing of nuclear ribosomal 18S rDNA and the ITS cistron indicated loss of historical ribosomal repeats. Phylogenetic analysis of a low-copy nuclear gene, GBSSI-1, indicated that some lineages maintained three copies of the locus, while others have lost one or two copies. CONCLUSIONS Although island endemic lineages show chromosomal stasis, with no additional changes in chromosome number, they may undergo smaller-scale processes of gene loss and concerted evolution ultimately leading to further genome restructuring and downsizing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Joshi
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Helal Ansari
- AgResearch Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Rowan Dickson
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Cynthia Skema
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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22
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Phillippy BQ, Donahue JL, Williams SP, Cridland CA, Perera IY, Gillaspy GE. Regulation of inositol 1,2,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate and inositol hexakisphosphate levels in Gossypium hirsutum by IPK1. Planta 2023; 257:46. [PMID: 36695941 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The IPK1 genes, which code for 2-kinases that can synthesize Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5 from Ins(1,4,5,6)P4, are expressed throughout cotton plants, resulting in the highest Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5 concentrations in young leaves and flower buds. Cotton leaves contain large amounts of Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5 and InsP6 compared to plants not in the Malvaceae family. The inositol polyphosphate pathway has been linked to stress tolerance in numerous plant species. Accordingly, we sought to determine why cotton and other Malvaceae have such high levels of these inositol phosphates. We have quantified the levels of InsP5 and InsP6 in different tissues of cotton plants and determined the expression of IPK1 (inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase gene) in vegetative and reproductive tissues. Gossypium hirsutum was found to contain four IPK1 genes that were grouped into two pair (AB, CD) where each pair consists of very similar sequences that were measured together. More IPK1AB is expressed in leaves than in roots, whereas more IPK1CD is expressed in roots than in leaves. Leaves and flower buds have more InsP5 and InsP6 than stems and roots. Leaves and roots contain more InsP5 than InsP6, whereas flower buds and stems contain more InsP6 than InsP5. Dark-grown seedlings contain more InsP5 and InsP6 than those grown under lights, and the ratio of InsP5 to InsP6 is greater in the light-grown seedlings. During 35 days of the life cycle of the third true leaf, InsP5 and InsP6 gradually decreased by more than 50%. Silencing IPK1AB and IPK1CD with Cotton Leaf Crumple Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) resulted in plants with an intense viral phenotype, reduced IPK1AB expression and lowered amounts of InsP5. The results are consistent with Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5 synthesis from Ins(1,4,5,6)P4 by IPK1. This study detailed the central role of IPK1 in cotton inositol polyphosphate metabolism, which has potential to be harnessed to improve the resistance of plants to different kinds of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Q Phillippy
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Janet L Donahue
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Sarah P Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Department of Biology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Imara Y Perera
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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23
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Clancy MV, Mamin M, Flückiger G, Quijano-Medina T, Pérez-Niño B, Abdala-Roberts L, Turlings TCJ, Bustos-Segura C. Terpene chemotypes in Gossypium hirsutum (wild cotton) from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Phytochemistry 2023; 205:113454. [PMID: 36244403 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated plants of Gossypium hirsutum Cav. (cotton) consistently emit low levels of volatile organic compounds, primarily mono- and sesquiterpenoids, which are produced and stored in pigment glands. In this study, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of the terpene profiles of wild G. hirsutum plants sourced from sites located throughout natural distribution of this species, thus providing the first in-depth assessment of the scope of its intraspecific chemotypic diversity. Chemotypic variation can potentially influence resistance to herbivory and diseases, or interact with abiotic stress such as extreme temperatures. Under controlled environmental conditions, plants were grown from seeds of sixteen G. hirsutum populations collected along the coastline of the Yucatan Peninsula, which is its likely centre of origin. We found high levels of intraspecific diversity in the terpene profiles of the plants. Two distinct chemotypes were identified: one chemotype contained higher levels of the monoterpenes γ-terpinene, limonene, α-thujene, α-terpinene, terpinolene, and p-cymene, while the other chemotype was distinguished by higher levels of α- and β-pinene. The distribution of chemotypes followed a geographic gradient from west to east, with an increasing frequency of the former chemotype. Concurrent analysis of maternal plants revealed that chemotypes in wild G. hirsutum are highly heritable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary V Clancy
- University of Neuchâtel, Institute of Biology, Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Marine Mamin
- University of Neuchâtel, Institute of Biology, Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Galien Flückiger
- University of Neuchâtel, Institute of Biology, Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Teresa Quijano-Medina
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km. 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xtmakuil s/n, Mérida, Yucatán, 97200, Mexico
| | - Biiniza Pérez-Niño
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km. 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xtmakuil s/n, Mérida, Yucatán, 97200, Mexico
| | - Luis Abdala-Roberts
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km. 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xtmakuil s/n, Mérida, Yucatán, 97200, Mexico
| | - Ted C J Turlings
- University of Neuchâtel, Institute of Biology, Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Carlos Bustos-Segura
- University of Neuchâtel, Institute of Biology, Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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24
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Dorr LJ. A new species of Hibiscus ( Malvaceae, Malvoideae) from Guyana. PhytoKeys 2022; 214:1-6. [PMID: 36760554 PMCID: PMC9836471 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.214.91586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hibiscusmarioniae Dorr, sp. nov. is described and illustrated. It evidently is restricted to central Guyana, northeast of the Kanuku Mountains near the Rewa River, a tributary of the Rupununi River. The new species is most similar morphologically to H.amazonicus Fryxell, which was described from Amazonas, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence J. Dorr
- Department of Botany, MRC-166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, USADepartment of Botany, MRC-166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonUnited States of America
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25
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Sereno AB, Dayane Pinto C, Antunes Andrade F, Aparecida Bertolazo da Silva M, Carvalho Garcia A, Carneiro Hecke Krüger C, José de Messias Reason I. Effects of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) on glycemic markers in animal models of diabetes: A systematic review. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 298:115544. [PMID: 35963420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) is traditionally used by different populations of Africa, América, Asia, and Europa to control diabetes. Although its action has been evaluated in several preclinical rodent trials, they have not been systematically analyzed. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of using okra in the treatment of diabetes in experimental rodent models. MATERIAL AND METHODS Controlled and randomized rodent animal trials with induced diabetes published between January 2000 and January 2021 were searched in the PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, and Web of Science databases. The search strategy included studies comprising the descriptors: animal species, diabetes induction method, intervention time, part of okra fruit used (whole, seeds, or peels), and dose as well as observed effects on biochemical and metabolic parameters. The systematic review was carried out according to the PRISMA statement, Cochrane bias risk tool (SYRCLE's RoB tool), and registered for systematic review protocols (PROSPERO). RESULTS A total of 326 articles were identified and after the exclusion of studies with gestational animal models, non-rodent animals, and non-diabetic animals, 11 studies involving 388 rodents were selected for the synthesis of results. The diabetes induction methods included streptozotocin, streptozotocin-nicotinamide, alloxan monohydrate, insulin resistance by high-fat diets or formulation described in AIN - 76, and feeding with high-fat food. Both Wistar albino rats, Sprague-Dawley males, and rats of both sexes of the Long-Evans lineage as well as male albino mice and C57BL females were included in the experiments. Studies showed that extracts of the fruit, the fresh fruit, or its various fractions had positive effects on the following markers: glycated hemoglobin, cholesterol, HOMA-IR, oral glucose tolerance test, and blood glucose, in acute (2 and 24 h), and chronic (up to 4 months) treatment. CONCLUSION An important hypoglycemic effect of okra in its various fractions on induced diabetes was observed by different authors. Moreover, okra promoted improvement in metabolic markers such as insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, and bodyweight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiane Benevide Sereno
- Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine and Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), R. Padre Camargo, 280, 80.069-900, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Carla Dayane Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine and Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), R. Padre Camargo, 280, 80.069-900, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Fabiana Antunes Andrade
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinic Hospital, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), R. Padre Camargo, 280, 80.069-900, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Medicine, Positive University (UP), R. Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300, 81280-330, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Michelli Aparecida Bertolazo da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine and Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), R. Padre Camargo, 280, 80.069-900, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Tuiuti University of Paraná (UTP), R. Sydnei Antonio Rangel Santos, 238 - Santo Inacio, 82010-330, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Carvalho Garcia
- Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine and Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), R. Padre Camargo, 280, 80.069-900, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia Carneiro Hecke Krüger
- Postgraduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Av. Lothário Meissner, 632, 80.210-170, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Iara José de Messias Reason
- Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine and Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), R. Padre Camargo, 280, 80.069-900, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinic Hospital, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), R. Padre Camargo, 280, 80.069-900, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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26
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Akkol EK, Karpuz B, Türkcanoğlu G, Coşgunçelebi FG, Taştan H, Aschner M, Khatkar A, Sobarzo-Sánchez E. The Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activity of Malva neglecta Wallr. in Surgically Induced Endometriosis Model in Rats. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227869. [PMID: 36431970 PMCID: PMC9695446 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Leaves and aerial parts of Malva neglecta Wallr. have been traditionally used in Anatolia for the treatment of pain, inflammation, hemorrhoids, renal stones, constipation, and infertility. This study investigated the effects of M. neglecta leaves in a rat endometriosis model. The dried plant material was extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol, successively. Experimental endometriosis was surgically induced in six-week-old female, non-pregnant, Wistar albino rats by autotransplant of endometrial tissue to the abdominal wall. After twenty-eight days, rats were evaluated for a second laparotomy. Endometrial foci areas were assessed, and intraabdominal adhesions were scored. Rats were divided into five groups as control, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous extracts, as well as reference. At the end of the treatment, all rats were sacrificed and endometriotic foci areas and intraabdominal adhesions were re-evaluated and compared with the previous findings. Moreover, peritoneal fluid was collected to detect tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, and cDNA synthesis, and a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was done. The phytochemical content of the most active extract was determined using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Both endometrial volume and adhesion score decreased significantly in the group treated with methanol extract. In addition, significant decreases were observed in TNF-α, VEGF, and IL-6 levels in animals administered methanol extract. HPLC results showed that the activity caused by the methanol extract of M. neglecta was due to the polyphenols. Taken together, these novel findings indicate that M. neglecta may be a promising alternative for the treatment of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
- Correspondence: (E.K.A.); (E.S.-S.); Tel.: +90-(31)-22023185 (E.K.A.); +90-(56)-953972783 (E.S.-S.)
| | - Büşra Karpuz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Başkent University, 06810 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gizem Türkcanoğlu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Hakkı Taştan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Anurag Khatkar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8330507, Chile
- Correspondence: (E.K.A.); (E.S.-S.); Tel.: +90-(31)-22023185 (E.K.A.); +90-(56)-953972783 (E.S.-S.)
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27
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Gallego AM, Zambrano RA, Zuluaga M, Camargo Rodríguez AV, Candamil Cortés MS, Romero Vergel AP, Arboleda Valencia JW. Analysis of fruit ripening in Theobroma cacao pod husk based on untargeted metabolomics. Phytochemistry 2022; 203:113412. [PMID: 36055428 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The pod husk of Theobroma cacao (CPH) plays an important agronomical role, as its appearance is used as indicator of ripening, guiding the farmers in the harvest process. Cacao harvesting is not a standardized practice because farmers harvest between six up to eight months from flowering, guided by pod's color and shape. The mixture of cacao beans from different ripening stages (RS), negatively affecting the quality and price of grain. A way to help the farmers in the harvest standardization could be through the use of chemical markers and visual indicators of CPH ripening. This study analyses CPH's metabolic distribution of two cacao clones, ICS95 and CCN51 at six, seven, and eight months of ripening. Untargeted metabolomics was done using HPLC-MS/MS for biomarker discovery and association to cacao ripening. The results indicated a strong metabolic differentiation of the sixth month with the rest of the months independent of the variety. Also, metabolic differences were found between cacao clones for the seventh and eighth month. We annotated five potential biochemical markers including 3-caffeoylpelargodinin 5-glucoside, indoleacetaldehyde, procyanidin A dimer, procyanidin C1, and kaempferol. We further looked for correlation between patterns of progression of our markers against quantitative indicators of CPH appearance and texture, at the same ripening stages. We also performed a functional analysis and three possible metabolic pathways: flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and tryptophan metabolism were identified associated with stress sensing, plant development and defense respectively. We found significant and positive correlations between green color density and all metabolites. For texture, the correlations were significantly negative with all metabolites. Our results suggest that about the sixth month is appropriate for harvesting cacao in the region of Caldas, Colombia in order to avoid all the metabolic variations occurring at later stages of ripening which impact the cacao bean quality. Therefore, studying the cacao ripening process can help in the estimation of the best harvest time and contribute to the standardization of harvest practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M Gallego
- Grupo de Biotecnología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Centro de Bioinformática y Biología Computacional de Colombia-BIOS, Manizales, Colombia.
| | - Romer A Zambrano
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Arquitectura, Universidad Nacional, Sede Manizales, Colombia.
| | - Martha Zuluaga
- Grupo de Investigación GIEPRONAL, Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, Dosquebradas, Risaralda, Colombia.
| | | | - Mariana S Candamil Cortés
- Centro de Investigaciones en Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo-CIMAD, Universidad de Manizales, Cra. 9a # 19-03, Manizales, 170001, Colombia.
| | - Angela P Romero Vergel
- FITOBIOL Research Group, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Cl. 67 # 53-108, Medellín, 050010, Colombia.
| | - Jorge W Arboleda Valencia
- Centro de Bioinformática y Biología Computacional de Colombia-BIOS, Manizales, Colombia; Centro de Investigaciones en Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo-CIMAD, Universidad de Manizales, Cra. 9a # 19-03, Manizales, 170001, Colombia; FITOBIOL Research Group, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Cl. 67 # 53-108, Medellín, 050010, Colombia.
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Lee HJ, Lee JS, Kim BJ, Lee SW, Choi YJ. First Report of Puccinia modiolae Causing Rust Disease on Malva verticillata in Korea. Plant Dis 2022; 107:580. [PMID: 35787005 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-22-1300-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Malva verticillata (Malvaceae), commonly called Chinese mallow or whorled mallow, is an annual herb native to East Asia and is currently distributed worldwide. In Korea, this plant is cultivated as a leafy vegetable and cooked like spinach or used in soups and also as a medicine material. In March 2022, typical symptoms of rust disease were observed on M. verticillata in a plastic house (37°22'12″ N, 127°34'30" E) in Yeoju, Korea. Yellow or light green round chlorotic spots appeared on the upper surface of infected leaves, while reddish-brown or dark brown rust pustules formed on its lower surface. Infection occurred in 10% of M. verticillata plants surveyed, and disease severity ranged between 30-90%. A representative sample was deposited in the Kunsan National University Herbarium (KSNUH1762). Telia were mostly hypophyllous, reddish-brown to dark brown, round, mostly grouped, and 0.3-0.7 mm in diameter. Teliospores were mostly two-celled, but rarely one or three-celled, yellowish to light brown, fusoid, and 42.9-101 × 10.8- to 18.8 μm (average 72.7 ± 12.3 × 14.2 ± 1.92 μm [mean ± SD]; n = 50), with a smooth, hyaline to yellowish wall of 1.0-2.5 μm thickness. The morphological characteristics were similar to those reported for Puccinia modiolae (Aime and Abbasi 2018; Albu et al. 2019). To confirm the morphological identification, genomic DNA was extracted from the teliospores of an infected leaf. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) with primers ITS5-u and ITS4rust (Pfunder and Schürch 2001) and the large subunit (LSU) rDNA with primers LRust1R and LRust3 (Beenken et al. 2012) were amplified for sequencing. The resulting sequences were deposited in GenBank with accession numbers ON631218 for ITS and ON631226 for LSU. BLASTn search showed that the Korean sample was identical to the ITS sequences of P. modiolae from Modiola caroliniana (MK458693-MK458697) and the LSU sequences from M. caroliniana, Malva sylvestris, and Alcea rosea (MH742976, MH742977, and MH742978). In the phylogenetic trees of the ITS and LSU sequences, the Korean sample was grouped with the reference sequences of P. modiolae, with the maximum supporting value. For the pathogenicity test, rust-infected leaf discs were placed on the upper or lower surfaces of leaves of three healthy M. verticillata. Three non-inoculated plants served as controls. Inoculated and non-inoculated plants were maintained in a growth chamber at 22°C, a 16/8 h light cycle, and 80% humidity. After three weeks, all inoculated plants developed evident rust symptoms on the upper and lower surfaces of the leaves on which the leaf discs were placed, whereas the control plants remained symptomless. The pathogen present on the inoculated plants was confirmed to be the same pathogen as that observed in the field, fulfilling Koch's postulates. Based on the morphological investigation, sequence analysis, and pathogenicity tests, P. modiolae was identified as the causal agent of rust disease on M. verticillata. To date, this pathogen has been reported on seven Malvaceae plants, including Alcea rosea, Althaea officinalis, Lavatera arborea, Malva parviflora, Malva sylvestris, Modiola caroliniana, and Modiola sp., in North and South America (Farr and Rossman 2022). However, it has not been reported in Asia or Korea. This study is the first report of rust disease on M. verticillata worldwide. Considering its high incidence rate and severe damage, this pathogen is a potential concern for the cultivation of M. verticillata in Korea. This finding could contribute to developing phytosanitary and control treatments for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Lee
- Gyeonggi Agricultural Research and Extension services, Environmental Agricultural Research Division, 283-33 Byeongjeomjungang-ro, Hwaseong, Korea (the Republic of), 18388;
| | - Jae Sung Lee
- College of Natural Sciences, Kunsan National University, Department of Biology, Gunsan, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Beom Jong Kim
- Yeoju-si Agricultural Technology Center, Yeoju, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Sang-Woo Lee
- Gyeonggido Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Hwaseong, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Young-Joon Choi
- College of Natural Sciences, Kunsan National University, Department of Biology, 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan, Korea (the Republic of), 54150;
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29
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Böhnert T, Luebert F, Merklinger FF, Harpke D, Stoll A, Schneider JV, Blattner FR, Quandt D, Weigend M. Plant migration under long-lasting hyperaridity - phylogenomics unravels recent biogeographic history in one of the oldest deserts on Earth. New Phytol 2022; 234:1863-1875. [PMID: 35274308 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The post-Miocene climatic histories of arid environments have been identified as key drivers of dispersal and diversification. Here, we investigate how climatic history correlates with the historical biogeography of the Atacama Desert genus Cristaria (Malvaceae). We analyze phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography by using next-generation sequencing (NGS), molecular clock dating, Dispersal Extinction Cladogenesis and Bayesian sampling approaches. We employ a novel way to identify biogeographically meaningful regions as well as a rarely utilized program permitting the use of dozens of ancestral areas. Partial incongruence between the established taxonomy and our phylogenetic data argue for a complex historical biogeography with repeated introgression and incomplete lineage sorting. Cristaria originated in the central southern part of the Atacama Desert, from there the genus colonized other areas from the late Miocene onwards. The more recently diverged lineages appear to have colonized different habitats in the Atacama Desert during pluvial phases of the Pliocene and early Pleistocene. We show that NGS combined with near-comprehensive sampling can provide an unprecedented degree of phylogenetic resolution and help to correlate the historical biogeography of plant communities with cycles of arid and pluvial phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Böhnert
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Federico Luebert
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas and Departamento de Silvicultura y Conservación de la Naturaleza, Universidad de Chile, 8820000, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felix F Merklinger
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Sukkulenten-Sammlung Zürich/Grün Stadt Zürich, 8002, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dörte Harpke
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Alexandra Stoll
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas Ceaza, 1720256, La Serena, Chile
- Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de la Serena, 1720170, La Serena, Chile
| | - Julio V Schneider
- Botany and Molecular Evolution and Entomology III, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt, 60325, Germany
| | - Frank R Blattner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Dietmar Quandt
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Maximilian Weigend
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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Hernández-Gutiérrez R, van den Berg C, Granados Mendoza C, Peñafiel Cevallos M, Freire M. E, Lemmon EM, Lemmon AR, Magallón S. Localized Phylogenetic Discordance Among Nuclear Loci Due to Incomplete Lineage Sorting and Introgression in the Family of Cotton and Cacao ( Malvaceae). Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:850521. [PMID: 35498660 PMCID: PMC9043901 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.850521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The economically important cotton and cacao family (Malvaceae sensu lato) have long been recognized as a monophyletic group. However, the relationships among some subfamilies are still unclear as discordant phylogenetic hypotheses keep arising when different sources of molecular data are analyzed. Phylogenetic discordance has previously been hypothesized to be the result of both introgression and incomplete lineage sorting (ILS), but the extent and source of discordance have not yet been evaluated in the context of loci derived from massive sequencing strategies and for a wide representation of the family. Furthermore, no formal methods have been applied to evaluate if the detected phylogenetic discordance among phylogenomic datasets influences phylogenetic dating estimates of the concordant relationships. The objective of this research was to generate a phylogenetic hypothesis of Malvaceae from nuclear genes, specifically we aimed to (1) investigate the presence of major discordance among hundreds of nuclear gene histories of Malvaceae; (2) evaluate the potential source of discordance; and (3) examine whether discordance and loci heterogeneity influence on time estimates of the origin and diversification of subfamilies. Our study is based on a comprehensive dataset representing 96 genera of the nine subfamilies and 268 nuclear loci. Both concatenated and coalescence-based approaches were followed for phylogenetic inference. Using branch lengths and topology, we located the placement of introgression events to directly evaluate whether discordance is due to introgression rather than ILS. To estimate divergence times, concordance and molecular rate were considered. We filtered loci based on congruence with the species tree and then obtained the molecular rate of each locus to distribute them into three different sets corresponding to shared molecular rate ranges. Bayesian dating was performed for each of the different sets of loci with the same parameters and calibrations. Phylogenomic discordance was detected between methods, as well as gene histories. At deep coalescent times, we found discordance in the position of five subclades probably due to ILS and a relatively small proportion of introgression. Divergence time estimation with each set of loci generated overlapping clade ages, indicating that, even with different molecular rate and gene histories, calibrations generally provide a strong prior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Hernández-Gutiérrez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cássio van den Berg
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - Carolina Granados Mendoza
- Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Efraín Freire M.
- Herbario Nacional del Ecuador (QCNE), Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Emily Moriarty Lemmon
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Alan R. Lemmon
- Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Susana Magallón
- Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Ahmad F, Hameed M, Ahmad MSA. Taxonomic significance of palynological studies for identification of two morphologically similar Malva species. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:2826-2834. [PMID: 35411990 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pollen studies can assist in distinguishing different plant taxa on the basis of pollen diameter, exine thickness, spines length, spine shape, number of rows of spines between colpi, shape of pollen, P/E ratio, pollen class and aperture type. Light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to compare and differentiate two Malva species on the basis of different pollen characteristics. Pollen in Malva neglecta and Malva parviflora had punctate and subpsilate, and, granulate and verrucate sculpturing between spines respectively. Both species pollen had bulbous spine base, but were more swollen in M. parviflora. M. neglecta had more pollen size, spine length and distance between spine base and spine apex, except spine base and pore diameter. The scatterplot matrix showed a wide variation among sculpturing types and other pollen attributes of both species. In PCA biplot, pore diameter and spine length were linked to M. parviflora while other pollen attributes were clearly linked to M. neglecta, indicating the taxonomic significance of the observed characters. It was concluded that the palynological studies can act as an identification tool and are of great significance in delimiting Malva and different plant taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mansoor Hameed
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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A. Al-Hamoud G, Al-Musayeib NM, Amina M, Ibrahim SR. Abubidentin A, New Oleanane-type Triterpene Ester from Abutilon bidentatum and its antioxidant, cholinesterase and antimicrobial activities. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13040. [PMID: 35282288 PMCID: PMC8916034 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This work describes the phytochemical and biological investigation of aerial parts of Abutilon bidentatum Hochst. Of Saudi origin. Methodology Petroleum ether fraction of ethanolic extract A. bidentatum was fractionated on a silica gel column and further purified with different chromatographic procedures for the isolation of chemical compounds. The chemical structures of all the pure isolated compounds were elucidated by the interpretation of their spectral data using IR, UV, 1H, 13C NMR, and MS spectroscopy and chemical methods (alkaline hydrolysis) as well as comparison with data reported in the literature. The extract and isolated compounds were evaluated for antioxidant, cholinesterase inhibitory, and antimicrobial activities. Results A new oleanane-type triterpene ester, namely abubidentin A (3) (α, 3β, 30-trihydroxy-29-carboxy-olean-9(11), 12-diene-3-dotriacontanoate), along with two known compounds: 2-hydroxydocosanoic acid (1) and stigmasta-22-ene-3-β-ol (2) were isolated from the aerial parts of Abutilon bidentatum Hochst. (Malvaceae). Concerning the biological potential, the abubidentinA displayed antioxidant, cholinesterase inhibitory and antimicrobial activities. AbubidentinA possessed strong antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging assays. This new triterpene exhibited high inhibition against acetylcholinesterase (IC50 38.13 ± 0.07 µgmL-1) and butyrylcholinesterase (IC50 32.68 ± 0.37 µgmL-1). Abubidentin A displayed promising antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus (125-150 µgmL-1). Conclusion These findings suggest A. bidentatum can contribute as a source of new biologically active compounds, especially antioxidants and antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gadah A. Al-Hamoud
- Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Musarat Amina
- Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Gómez-Maqueo X, Gamboa-deBuen A. The Biology of the Genus Ceiba, a Potential Source for Sustainable Production of Natural Fiber. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:521. [PMID: 35214854 PMCID: PMC8876852 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The species of the genus Ceiba produces fruits with fibers with a high content of cellulose. The fiber is used for textiles, cushion filling and for industrial purposes and its characteristics have been studied in some species including Ceiba pentandra (kapok), C. speciosa and C. aesculifolia. The use of the trunk and seeds of Ceiba has also been described for different species. This article presents a review on the biological diversity of the genus Ceiba (Malvaceae). The genus Ceiba has 18 recognized species that are distributed naturally in America and Africa. However, some Ceiba trees have been introduced to various countries, especially in Asia, due to their ornamental interest and potential uses for their fiber. Ecophysiological studies of different Ceiba species have shown that resistance to adverse environmental conditions varies from species to species. Therefore, Ceiba species are considered potentially useful in restoring ecosystems impacted by human activity. The information related to the classification, morphological characteristics, phenology, ecophysiology and distribution of the different species will be extremely relevant for the sustainable production of kapok fiber. Finally, the recent genomic and transcriptomic studies also provide a valuable resource for further genetic improvement and effective use of Ceiba trees.
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Carvalho-Sobrinho J, Yoshikawa VN, Dorr LJ. Notes on Brazilian Pachira ( Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) II: Additional typifications and new synonymies. PhytoKeys 2021; 186:53-72. [PMID: 34975275 PMCID: PMC8671718 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.186.71445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The typification and status of the names of 14 species of Pachira (Malvaceae: Bombacoideae) found in Brazil are discussed, including type material from Brazil, the Guianas, Colombia, Venezuela, and cultivated in Algeria. We designate 11 lectotypes, three neotypes, and four epitypes for these names. Six names are newly considered to be synonyms of the species accepted here. The results support a forthcoming taxonomic treatment of Pachira for the Flora of Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Carvalho-Sobrinho
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco – UNIVASF, Colegiado de Ciências Biológicas, Petrolina, Pernambuco, 56300-990, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Vale do São FranciscoPetrolinaBrazil
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco – UFRPE, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Recife, Pernambuco, 52171-900, BrazilUniversidade Federal Rural de PernambucoRecifeBrazil
| | - Vania Nobuko Yoshikawa
- Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes – UMC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, 08780-911, BrazilUniversidade de Mogi das CruzesMogi das CruzesBrazil
| | - Laurence J. Dorr
- Department of Botany, MRC-166, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington DC 20013-7012, USADepartment of Botany, Smithsonian InstitutionWashington DCUnited States of America
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Jia LB, Nam GS, Su T, Stull GW, Li SF, Huang YJ, Zhou ZK. Fossil fruits of Firmiana and Tilia from the middle Miocene of South Korea and the efficacy of the Bering land bridge for the migration of mesothermal plants. Plant Divers 2021; 43:480-491. [PMID: 35024517 PMCID: PMC8720707 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Determining whether the high-latitude Bering land bridge (BLB) was ecologically suitable for the migration of mesothermal plants is significant for Holarctic phytogeographic inferences. Paleobotanical studies provide a critical source of data on the latitudinal positions of different plant lineages at different times, permitting assessment of the efficacy of the BLB for migration. Here we report exceptionally preserved fossils of Firmiana and Tilia endochrysea from the middle Miocene of South Korea. This represents a new reliable record of Firmiana and the first discovery of the T. endochrysea lineage in the fossil record of Asia. The occurrence of these fossils in South Korea indicates that the two lineages had a distribution that extended much farther north during the middle Miocene, but they were still geographically remote from the BLB. In light of the broader fossil record of Asia, our study shows that, in the middle Miocene, some mesothermal plants apparently inhabited the territory adjacent to the BLB and thus they were possibly capable of utilizing the BLB as a migratory corridor. Some other mesothermal plants, such as Firmiana and the T. endochrysea lineages, however, are restricted to more southern regions relative to the BLB based on current fossil evidence. These lineages may have been ecologically unable to traverse the BLB, which raises questions about the efficacy of the BLB as a universal exchange route for mesothermal plants between Asia and North America during the middle Miocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Bo Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Gi-Soo Nam
- Gongju National University of Education, 27, Ungjin-ro, Gongju-si, Chungcheongnam-do 32553, South Korea
| | - Tao Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gregory W. Stull
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA
| | - Shu-Feng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Zhe-Kun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
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Luna-Márquez L, Sharber WV, Whitlock BA, Pace MR. Ontogeny, anatomical structure and function of lobed stems in the evolution of the climbing growth form in Malvaceae (Byttneria Loefl.). Ann Bot 2021; 128:859-874. [PMID: 34397089 PMCID: PMC8577207 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Byttneria is one of the few climbing genera in Malvaceae. Some Byttneria are known for their lobed stems. We explore the development of these stems, how they have evolved within the group and their relevance in the evolution of the climbing growth form in Malvaceae. METHODS We combine developmental anatomical work with phylogenetic comparative methods. We use Byttneria divaricata and B. filipes as models in the anatomical work, a review of herbarium vouchers, and the most recent phylogeny of Byttneria and allies to elucidate how these stems evolved within the clade under maximum-likelihood and Bayesian approaches. We use Pagel94 tests to analyse the correlated evolution of lobed stems and prickles. KEY RESULTS Each lobe coincides with one of the five vascular bundles. By augmented activity of the fascicular cambium in the lobes coupled with reduced activity of the interfascicular cambium in the interlobes, secondary growth increases the lobulation already present during primary growth. Within Byttneria and allies, lobed young stems appeared at least three times, once in Ayenia and twice in the paraphyletic Byttneria. Lobed adult stems were conserved in Byttneria s.s., where lobed adult stems in combination with prickles were shown to have evolved as a climbing mechanism within the group; prickles were lost once within Byttneria s.s., in a shrubby subclade. Byttneria Clade 2 comprises climbers with twining cylindrical adult stems and no prickles, which constitutes a different climbing mechanism in the group. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence of one of the few cambial variants known whose secondary body reflects the primary body vasculature and show that lobed adult stems and prickles in Byttneria could be used in the new delimitation of genera in the group. Lobed stems independently appeared in climbing Grewia, suggesting a convergence favouring the climbing growth form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Luna-Márquez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Zona Deportiva s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
- For correspondence. E-mail ,
| | - Wyatt V Sharber
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA
| | | | - Marcelo R Pace
- Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Zona Deportiva s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
- For correspondence. E-mail ,
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Wanjiku C, Tchouassi DP, Sole CL, Pirk C, Torto B. Plant sugar feeding patterns of wild-caught Aedes aegypti from dengue endemic and non-endemic areas of Kenya. Med Vet Entomol 2021; 35:417-425. [PMID: 33682949 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental understanding of plant sugar feeding behaviour in vector populations can lead to the development of ecologically effective vector monitoring and control strategies. Despite previous studies on mosquito-plant interactions, relatively few have been conducted on the dengue vector Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). The authors studied Ae. aegypti-plant interactions at two sites of varying dengue endemicity in Kenya: Kilifi (endemic) and Isiolo (non-endemic). Using chemical and molecular assays [DNA barcoding targeting the chloroplast ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large chain (rbcL) gene], the authors show that at the two sites plant feeding in this mosquito species: (a) varies by sex and season; (b) results in the acquisition of diverse sugars, and (c) is associated with diverse host plants in the families Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Poaceae and Rosaceae. These results reveal insights into the plant sugar feeding patterns of wild-caught Ae. aegypti and provide a baseline for future studies on the olfactory basis for host plant attraction for the development of vector monitoring and control tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wanjiku
- Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - D P Tchouassi
- Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - C L Sole
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - C Pirk
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - B Torto
- Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
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Li F, Sun C, Che Q, Zhu T, Gu Q, Guan H, Zhang G, Li D. Pyrazinopyrimidine alkaloids from a mangrove-derived fungus Aspergillus versicolor HDN11-84. Phytochemistry 2021; 188:112817. [PMID: 34052697 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pyrazinopyrimidine-type alkaloids bearing a pyrazino[1,2-a] pyrimidine moiety, often have different functional groups substituted at C-8' or C-2'/C-8', generally further forming unique spiro-/conjugated ring systems. Four undescribed pyrazinopyrimidine-type alkaloids, including three natural products pyrasplorines A-C and an artifact deg-pyrasplorine B, as well as a biogenetically related versicoloid A were discovered from the extract of a mangrove-derived fungus Apergillus verisicolor HDN11-84. Pyrasplorine A contains unique spiral-type skeleton (composed of cyclopentenone ring with the pyrazino[1,2-a] pyrimidine core) which is unprecedented in pyrazinopyrimidine-type alkaloids. The deg-pyrasplorine B could be spontaneously converted from pyrasplorine B in mild conditions. Their structures including absolute configurations were elucidated based on NMR spectroscopic analysis, computational calculations and Marfey's method. The absolute configuration of versicoloid A was re-assigned in this study. All the isolated compounds are non-cytotoxic and deg-pyrasplorine B showed anti-influenza A virus H1N1 activity with the IC50 of 50 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Chunxiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Qian Che
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Tianjiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Qianqun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Huashi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Guojian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Dehai Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China; Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
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Gilbert KJ, Renner T. Acid or base? How do plants regulate the ecology of their phylloplane? AoB Plants 2021; 13:plab032. [PMID: 34285793 PMCID: PMC8286713 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plants interface with and modify the external environment across their surfaces, and in so doing, can control or mitigate the impacts of abiotic stresses and also mediate their interactions with other organisms. Botanically, it is known that plant roots have a multi-faceted ability to modify rhizosphere conditions like pH, a factor with a large effect on a plant's biotic interactions with microbes. But plants can also modify pH levels on the surfaces of their leaves. Plants can neutralize acid rain inputs in a period of hours, and either acidify or alkalinize the pH of neutral water droplets in minutes. The pH of the phylloplane-that is, the outermost surface of the leaf-varies across species, from incredibly acidic (carnivorous plants: as low as pH 1) to exceptionally alkaline (species in the plant family, Malvaceae, up to pH 11). However, most species mildly acidify droplets on the phylloplane by 1.5 orders of magnitude in pH. Just as rhizosphere pH helps shape the plant microbiome and is known to influence belowground interactions, so too can phylloplane pH influence aboveground interactions in plant canopies. In this review, we discuss phylloplane pH regulation from the physiological, molecular, evolutionary, and ecological perspectives and address knowledge gaps and identify future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadeem J Gilbert
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 Agricultural Sciences and Industries Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Tanya Renner
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 Agricultural Sciences and Industries Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Kamdoum BC, Simo I, Wouamba SCN, Tchatat Tali BM, Ngameni B, Fotso GW, Ambassa P, Fabrice FB, Lenta BN, Sewald N, Ngadjui BT. Chemical constituents of two Cameroonian medicinal plants: Sida rhombifolia L. and Sida acuta Burm. f. ( Malvaceae) and their antiplasmodial activity. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:5311-5318. [PMID: 34121522 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1937156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An extensive phytochemical investigation of the EtOH/H2O (7:3) extracts of Sida rhombifolia L. and Sida acuta Burm. f., yielded a previously undescribed ceramide named rhombifoliamide (1) and a xylitol dimer (2), naturally isolated here for the first time, as well as the thirteen known compounds viz, oleanolic acid (3), β-amyrin glucoside (4), ursolic acid (5), β-sitosterol glucoside (6), tiliroside (7), 1,6-dihydroxyxanthone (8), a mixture of stigmasterol (9) and β-sitosterol (10), cryptolepine (11), 20-Hydroxyecdysone (12), (E)-suberenol (13), thamnosmonin (14) and xanthyletin (15). Their structures were elucidated by the analyses of their spectroscopic and spectrometric data (1 D and 2 D NMR, and HRESI-MS) and by comparison with the previously reported data. The crude extracts, fractions, and some isolated compounds were tested against chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (Dd2) Plasmodium falciparum strains. All the tested samples demonstrated moderate and/or significant activities against 3D7 (IC50 values: 0.18-20.11 µg/mL) and Dd2 (IC50 values: 0.74-63.09 µg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaise Cedric Kamdoum
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Ingrid Simo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Steven Collins Njonte Wouamba
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon.,Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Bathelemy Ngameni
- Department of pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Ghislain Wabo Fotso
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Pantaléon Ambassa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Fekam Boyom Fabrice
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Bruno Ndjakou Lenta
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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Eriksson JS, Bacon CD, Bennett DJ, Pfeil BE, Oxelman B, Antonelli A. Gene count from target sequence capture places three whole genome duplication events in Hibiscus L. ( Malvaceae). BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:107. [PMID: 34078291 PMCID: PMC8170824 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01751-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The great diversity in plant genome size and chromosome number is partly due to polyploidization (i.e. genome doubling events). The differences in genome size and chromosome number among diploid plant species can be a window into the intriguing phenomenon of past genome doubling that may be obscured through time by the process of diploidization. The genus Hibiscus L. (Malvaceae) has a wide diversity of chromosome numbers and a complex genomic history. Hibiscus is ideal for exploring past genomic events because although two ancient genome duplication events have been identified, more are likely to be found due to its diversity of chromosome numbers. To reappraise the history of whole-genome duplication events in Hibiscus, we tested three alternative scenarios describing different polyploidization events. Results Using target sequence capture, we designed a new probe set for Hibiscus and generated 87 orthologous genes from four diploid species. We detected paralogues in > 54% putative single-copy genes. 34 of these genes were selected for testing three different genome duplication scenarios using gene counting. All species of Hibiscus sampled shared one genome duplication with H. syriacus, and one whole genome duplication occurred along the branch leading to H. syriacus. Conclusions Here, we corroborated the independent genome doubling previously found in the lineage leading to H. syriacus and a shared genome doubling of this lineage and the remainder of Hibiscus. Additionally, we found a previously undiscovered genome duplication shared by the /Pavonia and /Malvaviscus clades (both nested within Hibiscus) with the occurrences of two copies in what were otherwise single-copy genes. Our results highlight the complexity of genomic diversity in some plant groups, which makes orthology assessment and accurate phylogenomic inference difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Eriksson
- School of Bioscience, Systems Biology Research Center, 541 45, Skövde, Sweden. .,Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - C D Bacon
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - D J Bennett
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - B E Pfeil
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - B Oxelman
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Antonelli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK.,Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3 RB, UK
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Abstract
Hibiscus exhibits high variation in chromosome number both within and among species. The Hibiscus mutabilis L. karyotype was analyzed in detail using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with oligonucleotide probes for (AG3T3)3 and 5S rDNA, which were tested here for the first time. In total, 90 chromosomes were counted in prometaphase and metaphase, and all exhibited similarly intense (AG3T3)3 signals at both ends. (AG3T3)3 showed little variation and thus did not allow discrimination among H. mutabilis chromosomes, but its location at both ends confirmed the integrity of each chromosome, thus contributing to accurate counting of the numerous, small chromosomes. Oligo-5S rDNA marked the proximal/distal regions of six chromosomes: weak signals on chromosomes 7 and 8, slightly stronger signals on chromosomes 15 and 16, and very strong signals on chromosomes 17 and 18. Therefore, 5S rDNA could assist in chromosome identification in H. mutabilis. Metaphase chromosome lengths ranged from 3.00 to 1.18 μm, indicating small chromosomes. The ratios of longest to shortest chromosome length in prometaphase and metaphase were 2.58 and 2.54, respectively, indicating karyotype asymmetry in H. mutabilis. These results provide an exact chromosome number and a physical map, which will be useful for genome assembly and contribute to molecular cytogenetics in the genus Hibiscus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Luo
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District 611130, Chengdu City, China.,College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District 611130, Chengdu City, China
| | - Zhoujian He
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District 611130, Chengdu City, China.,College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District 611130, Chengdu City, China
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Mar JM, da Silva LS, Moreira WP, Biondo MM, Pontes FLD, Campos FR, Kinupp VF, Campelo PH, Sanches EA, Bezerra JA. Edible flowers from Theobroma speciosum: Aqueous extract rich in antioxidant compounds. Food Chem 2021; 356:129723. [PMID: 33845252 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Theobroma speciosum, known as "cacauí" in Brazil, is considered a prominent unconventional food plant. The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical profiles, antioxidant capacity and minerals of the aqueous extract and fractions from its flowers. The identified compounds were sugars, organic acids and phenolics compounds such as citric, malic and protocatechuic acids, quercetin, quercetin pentoside and quercetin-3-O-glucoside. The extract was rich in phenolic compounds (640 mg GAE g-1). Furthermore, fractions also presented phenolic compounds from 170.7 to 560.7 mg GAE g-1 (mainly protocatechuic acid, quercetin and derivatives), which influenced on the high antioxidant capacity in DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and co-oxidation β-carotene/linolenic acid assays. Flowers presented potassium (115 ± 2 μg mL-1), magnesium (18.4 ± 0.2 μg mL-1), phosphorus (7.0 ± 0.0 μg mL-1) and calcium (3.1 ± 0.1 μg mL-1). Moreover, the flowers aqueous extract represents a new promising food source rich in antioxidant compounds.
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Lv Y, Yi Y, Han R, Tong X, Takahashi H. The complete chloroplast genome of Abutilon theophrasti medic ( Malvaceae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2021; 6:912-913. [PMID: 33796678 PMCID: PMC7971203 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1886886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abutilon theophrasti Medic is a traditional Chinese medicine, which can be seen nearly everywhere in China. In order to study its complete chloroplast genome, we collected leaves and obtained chloroplast genome information through next-generation sequencing. It showed that the genome whole length is 160,331 bp, resulted from 24,578,194 raw reads with 3,669,530,829 bases in total, and the GC contents ratio is 36.90%. Besides, the large single-copy region (LSC) is 89,006 bp, the small single-copy region (SSC) 20,149 bp, and inverted repeat (IR) 25,588 bp. The chloroplast genome encodes 76 genes, which contains 38 protein genes, five rRNA genes, and 33 tRNA. By conducting phylogenetic analysis for A.theophrasti, plants from genus Gossypium demonstrated close relationship with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yuqi Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Rongchun Han
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaohui Tong
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Alzahrani DA. Complete Chloroplast Genome of Abutilon fruticosum: Genome Structure, Comparative and Phylogenetic Analysis. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10020270. [PMID: 33573201 PMCID: PMC7911161 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Abutilon fruticosum is one of the endemic plants with high medicinal and economic value in Saudi Arabia and belongs to the family Malvaceae. However, the plastome sequence and phylogenetic position have not been reported until this study. In this research, the complete chloroplast genome of A. fruticosum was sequenced and assembled, and comparative and phylogenetic analyses within the Malvaceae family were conducted. The chloroplast genome (cp genome) has a circular and quadripartite structure with a total length of 160,357 bp and contains 114 unique genes (80 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes and 4 rRNA genes). The repeat analyses indicate that all the types of repeats (palindromic, complement, forward and reverse) were present in the genome, with palindromic occurring more frequently. A total number of 212 microsatellites were identified in the plastome, of which the majority are mononucleotides. Comparative analyses with other species of Malvaceae indicate a high level of resemblance in gene content and structural organization and a significant level of variation in the position of genes in single copy and inverted repeat borders. The analyses also reveal variable hotspots in the genomes that can serve as barcodes and tools for inferring phylogenetic relationships in the family: the regions include trnH-psbA, trnK-rps16, psbI-trnS, atpH-atpI, trnT-trnL, matK, ycf1 and ndhH. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that A. fruticosum is closely related to Althaea officinalis, which disagrees with the previous systematic position of the species. This study provides insights into the systematic position of A. fruticosum and valuable resources for further phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of the species and the Malvaceae family to resolve ambiguous issues within the taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhafer A Alzahrani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Wen X, Huang G, Li C, Zhu Y. A Malvaceae-specific miRNA targeting the newly duplicated GaZIP1L to regulate Zn 2+ ion transporter capacity in cotton ovules. Sci China Life Sci 2021; 64:339-351. [PMID: 33481167 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1868-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in regulating gene expression in plants, yet their functions underlying cultivated diploid Gossypium arboreum cotton ovule development are largely unknown. Here, we acquired small RNA profiles from G. arboreum ovules and fibers collected at different growth stages, and identified 46 novel miRNAs that accounted for 23.7% of all miRNAs in G. arboreum reported in the latest plant sRNA database. Through analysis of 84 (including 38 conserved) differentially expressed G. arboreum miRNAs, we detected 215 putative protein-coding genes in 26 biological processes as their potential targets. A Malvaceae-specific novel miRNA named gar-miRN44 was found to likely regulate cotton ovule growth by targeting to a newly duplicated Zn2+ ion transporter gene GaZIP1L. During cotton ovule development, gar-miRN44 transcript level decreased sharply after 10 to 15 days post-anthesis (DPA), while that of the GaZIP1L increased significantly, with a concomitant increase of Zn2+ ion concentration in late ovule developmental stages. Molecular dynamics simulation and ion absorption analysis showed that GaZIP1L has stronger Zn2+ ion binding ability than the original GaZIP1, indicating that the newly evolved GaZIP1L may be more suitable for maintaining high Zn2+ ion transport capacity that is likely required for cotton ovule growth via enhanced cellulose synthase activities. Our systematic miRNA profiling in G. arboreum and characterization of gar-miRN44 not only contribute to the understanding of miRNA function in cotton, but also provide potential targets for plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingpeng Wen
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Gai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chenyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuxian Zhu
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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El-Din MIG, Youssef FS, Said RS, Ashour ML, Eldahshan OA, Singab ANB. Chemical constituents and gastro-protective potential of Pachira glabra leaves against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in experimental rat model. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:317-32. [PMID: 32914383 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00749-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gastric ulcer is a very common illness that adversely affects a significant number of people all over the globe. Phytochemical investigation of P. glabra leaf alcohol extract (PGLE) resulted in the isolation and Characterization of a new nature compound, quercetin-3- O-α -L-rhamnosyl-(1'''-6'')-(4''- O -acetyl)-β -D-galactoside (4), in addition to seven known compounds. They are ferulic acid (1), p- coumaric acid (2), quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside-3'-O-β-D-glucoside (3), quercetin-3- O-α -L-rhamnosyl-(1'''-6'')-(4''- O -acetyl)- β -Dgalactoside (4), quercetin-3- O-β -D-galactoside (5), 7-hydroxy maltol-3-O-β-D-glucoside (6), maltol-3- O-β -D-glucoside (7), and methyl coumarate (8) that were first to be isolated from the genus Pachira. PGLE demonstrated in vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity. Moreover, the in vivo gastroprotective assessment of PGLE at different dosses, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg against ethanol induced ulceration revealed a dose-dependent gastroprotection comparable to omeprazole. PGLE attenuated gastric lesions and histopathological changes triggered by ethanol. Interestingly, PGLE exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect through down-regulating the expression of nuclear factor-ĸB and pro-inflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 in the ulcer group. It also hindered apoptosis through decreasing Bax and increasing Bcl-2 expression hence decreasing Bax/Bcl2 ratio with a subsequent reduction in caspase 3 expression. Collectively, P. glabra is a rich reservoir of various phytochemicals reflecting a promising potential for alleviation of gastric ulcer through the mediation of inflammatory and apoptotic cascades.
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48
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Wang JH, Moore MJ, Wang H, Zhu ZX, Wang HF. Plastome evolution and phylogenetic relationships among Malvaceae subfamilies. Gene 2020; 765:145103. [PMID: 32889057 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Malvaceae s.l. is the largest family of Malvales, comprising more than 4225 species. Within Malvaceae, the phylogenetic relationships among subfamilies remain controversial. To resolve these relationships and explore plastome evolution in Malvaceae, we assembled a complete plastome data set of 39 Malvales species, including newly reported sequences for 13 Malvaceae and two Dipterocarpaceae species. All species possessed the typical quadripartite structure of angiosperm plastomes, but significant independent expansions of the Inverted Repeat regions were detected in Abelmoschus esculentus and Durio zibethinus. Nine coding sequences were identified with positively selected sites in Malvaceae. Several highly variable noncoding and coding regions were identified in the plastomes of Malvaceae that may be valuable for phylogenetic reconstruction at lower taxonomic levels. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on 78 protein-coding genes strongly supported nearly all relationships among Malvaceae subfamilies. The diversification of the subfamilies of Malvaceae was dated to the late Cretaceous and early Eocene, during a time of global warmth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Michael J Moore
- Department of Biology, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA.
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Zhi-Xin Zhu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Hua-Feng Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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Fiallo-Olivé E, Navas-Castillo J. Molecular and Biological Characterization of a New World Mono-/Bipartite Begomovirus/Deltasatellite Complex Infecting Corchorus siliquosus. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1755. [PMID: 32793176 PMCID: PMC7390960 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Begomovirus (family Geminiviridae) is the largest genus in the entire virosphere, with more than 400 species recognized. Begomoviruses are single-stranded DNA plant viruses transmitted by whiteflies of the Bemisia tabaci complex and are considered one of the most important groups of emerging plant viruses in tropical and subtropical regions. Several types of DNA satellites have been described to be associated with begomoviruses: betasatellites, alphasatellites, and deltasatellites. Recently, a family of single-stranded DNA satellites associated with begomoviruses has been created, Tolecusatellitidae, including the genera Betasatellite and Deltasatellite. In this work, we analyzed the population of begomoviruses and associated DNA satellites present in Corchorus siliquosus, a malvaceous plant growing wild in Central America, southeastern North America and the Caribbean, collected in Cuba. The genomes of isolates of two New World begomoviruses [(Desmodium leaf distortion virus (DesLDV) and Corchorus yellow vein Cuba virus (CoYVCUV)] and two deltasatellites [tomato yellow leaf distortion deltasatellite 2 (TYLDD2) and Desmodium leaf distortion deltasatellite (DesLDD)] have been cloned and sequenced from plants showing yellow vein symptoms. Isolates of one of the begomoviruses, CoYVCUV, and one of the deltasatellites, DesLDD, represent novel species. Experiments with infectious clones showed the monopartite nature of CoYVCUV and that DesLDD utilizes the bipartite DesLDV as helper virus, but not the monopartite CoYVCUV. Also, CoYVCUV was shown to infect common bean in addition to Nicotiana benthamiana. This is the first time that (i) a monopartite New World begomovirus is found in a host other than tomato and (ii) deltasatellites have been found in C. siliquosus, thus extending the host and helper virus ranges of this recently recognized class of DNA satellites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Fiallo-Olivé
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient ficas - Universidad de Málaga (IHSM-CSIC-UMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús Navas-Castillo
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient ficas - Universidad de Málaga (IHSM-CSIC-UMA), Málaga, Spain
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Fuster F, Kaiser-Bunbury CN, Traveset A. Pollination effectiveness of specialist and opportunistic nectar feeders influenced by invasive alien ants in the Seychelles. Am J Bot 2020; 107:957-969. [PMID: 32592166 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Opportunistic nectar-feeders may act as effective pollinators; nonetheless, we still lack information on whether these opportunistic species differ in their pollination effectiveness from specialized nectarivorous vertebrates and insects. Many nectar specialists have coevolved with the plants on which they feed; therefore, we would expect higher pollination effectiveness in specialists than in opportunistic feeders. Here, we assessed quantity and quality components of pollination effectiveness in specialist and opportunistic vertebrate nectarivores and insects, focusing on three plants from the Seychelles: Thespesia populnea, Polyscias crassa, and Syzygium wrightii. METHODS We determined the quantity component (QNC) of pollination effectiveness with pollinator observations, and the quality component (QLC) by measuring fruit and seed set resulting from single visits by each pollinator. To detect potential negative effects of invasive ants on native plant-pollinator interactions, we classified pollinator visits (quantity component) as disturbed (>6 ants/30 min) vs. undisturbed. RESULTS All focal plants were visited by insects, and vertebrate specialist and opportunist nectarivores, yet their pollination effectiveness differed. Flying insects were the most effective pollinators of T. populnea. The other two plants were most effectively pollinated by vertebrates; i.e., sunbirds (nectar specialists) in S. wrightii and Phelsuma geckos (nectar opportunists) in P. crassa, despite marked variation in QNC and QLC. Ant presence was associated with lower pollinator visitation rate in P. crassa and S. wrightii. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the importance of all pollinator guilds, including opportunist nectarivorous vertebrates as pollinators of island plants, and the vulnerability of such interactions to disruption by nonnative species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Fuster
- Global Change Research Group, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC-UIB), Miquel Marqués 21, 07190, Esporles, Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Christopher N Kaiser-Bunbury
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Anna Traveset
- Global Change Research Group, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC-UIB), Miquel Marqués 21, 07190, Esporles, Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
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