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Shibuya K, Nozawa A, Takahashi C, Sawasaki T. A chemical approach to extend flower longevity of Japanese morning glory via inhibition of master senescence regulator EPHEMERAL1. NATURE PLANTS 2024:10.1038/s41477-024-01767-z. [PMID: 39209993 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01767-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Petal senescence in flowering plants is a type of programmed cell death with highly regulated onset and progression. A NAM/ATAF1,2/CUC2 transcription factor, EPHEMERAL1 (EPH1), has been identified as a key regulator of petal senescence in Japanese morning glory (Ipomoea nil). Here we used a novel chemical approach to delay petal senescence in Japanese morning glory by inhibiting the DNA-binding activity of EPH1. A cell-free high-throughput screening system and subsequent bioassays found two tetrafluorophthalimide-based compounds, Everlastin1 and Everlastin2, that inhibited the EPH1-DNA interaction and delayed petal senescence. The inhibitory mechanism was due to the suppression of EPH1 dimerization. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that the chemical treatment strongly suppressed the expression of programmed cell death- and autophagy-related genes. These results suggest that a chemical approach targeting a transcription factor can regulate petal senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Shibuya
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Akira Nozawa
- Proteo-Science Center (PROS), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan.
| | | | - Tatsuya Sawasaki
- Proteo-Science Center (PROS), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
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2
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Adedeji OS, Naing AH, Kang H, Xu J, Chung MY, Kim CK. Editing of the ethylene biosynthesis gene in carnation using CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complex. PLANT METHODS 2024; 20:20. [PMID: 38308305 PMCID: PMC10835871 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-024-01143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to edit ethylene (ET) biosynthesis genes [1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthetase 1 (ACS1) and ACC oxidase 1 (ACO1)] in carnation using the CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex system. Initially, the conserved regions of the target genes (ACS1 and ACO1) were validated for the generation of different single guide RNAs (sgRNAs), followed by the use of an in vitro cleavage assay to confirm the ability of the sgRNAs to cleave the target genes specifically. The in vitro cleavage assay revealed that the sgRNAs were highly effective in cleaving their respective target regions. The complex of sgRNA: Cas9 was directly delivered into the carnation protoplast, and the target genes in the protoplast were deep-sequenced. The results revealed that the sgRNAs were applicable for editing the ET biosynthesis genes, as the mutation frequency ranged from 8.8 to 10.8% for ACO1 and 0.2-58.5% for ACS1. When sequencing the target genes in the callus derived from the protoplasts transformed with sgRNA: Cas9, different indel patterns (+ 1, - 1, and - 8 bp) in ACO1 and (- 1, + 1, and + 11) in ACS1 were identified. This study highlighted the potential application of CRISPR/Cas9 RNP complex system in facilitating precise gene editing for ET biosynthesis in carnation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aung Htay Naing
- Department of Horticulture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea.
| | - Hyunhee Kang
- Department of Horticulture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Junping Xu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, China
| | - Mi Young Chung
- Department of Agricultural Education, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Chang Kil Kim
- Department of Horticulture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea.
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3
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Partap M, Verma V, Thakur M, Bhargava B. Designing of future ornamental crops: a biotechnological driven perspective. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad192. [PMID: 38023473 PMCID: PMC10681008 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
With a basis in human appreciation of beauty and aesthetic values, the new era of ornamental crops is based on implementing innovative technologies and transforming symbols into tangible assets. Recent advances in plant biotechnology have attracted considerable scientific and industrial interest, particularly in terms of modifying desired plant traits and developing future ornamental crops. By utilizing omics approaches, genomic data, genetic engineering, and gene editing tools, scientists have successively explored the underlying molecular mechanism and potential gene(s) behind trait regulation such as floral induction, plant architecture, stress resistance, plasticity, adaptation, and phytoremediation in ornamental crop species. These signs of progress lay a theoretical and practical foundation for designing and enhancing the efficiency of ornamental plants for a wide range of applications. In this review, we briefly summarized the existing literature and advances in biotechnological approaches for the improvement of vital traits in ornamental plants. The future ornamental plants, such as light-emitting plants, biotic/abiotic stress detectors, and pollution abatement, and the introduction of new ornamental varieties via domestication of wild species are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahinder Partap
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Post Box No. 6, 176 061 (HP) Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vipasha Verma
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Post Box No. 6, 176 061 (HP) Palampur, India
| | - Meenakshi Thakur
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Post Box No. 6, 176 061 (HP) Palampur, India
| | - Bhavya Bhargava
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Post Box No. 6, 176 061 (HP) Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Shelake RM, Jadhav AM, Bhosale PB, Kim JY. Unlocking secrets of nature's chemists: Potential of CRISPR/Cas-based tools in plant metabolic engineering for customized nutraceutical and medicinal profiles. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108070. [PMID: 37816270 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant species have evolved diverse metabolic pathways to effectively respond to internal and external signals throughout their life cycle, allowing adaptation to their sessile and phototropic nature. These pathways selectively activate specific metabolic processes, producing plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) governed by genetic and environmental factors. Humans have utilized PSM-enriched plant sources for millennia in medicine and nutraceuticals. Recent technological advances have significantly contributed to discovering metabolic pathways and related genes involved in the biosynthesis of specific PSM in different food crops and medicinal plants. Consequently, there is a growing demand for plant materials rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds, marketed as "superfoods". To meet the industrial demand for superfoods and therapeutic PSMs, modern methods such as system biology, omics, synthetic biology, and genome editing (GE) play a crucial role in identifying the molecular players, limiting steps, and regulatory circuitry involved in PSM production. Among these methods, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) is the most widely used system for plant GE due to its simple design, flexibility, precision, and multiplexing capabilities. Utilizing the CRISPR-based toolbox for metabolic engineering (ME) offers an ideal solution for developing plants with tailored preventive (nutraceuticals) and curative (therapeutic) metabolic profiles in an ecofriendly way. This review discusses recent advances in understanding the multifactorial regulation of metabolic pathways, the application of CRISPR-based tools for plant ME, and the potential research areas for enhancing plant metabolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mahadev Shelake
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Amol Maruti Jadhav
- Research Institute of Green Energy Convergence Technology (RIGET), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Pritam Bhagwan Bhosale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yean Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea; Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea; Nulla Bio Inc, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Rogers HJ. How far can omics go in unveiling the mechanisms of floral senescence? Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1485-1493. [PMID: 37387359 PMCID: PMC10586764 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Floral senescence is of fundamental interest in understanding plant developmental regulation, it is of ecological and agricultural interest in relation to seed production, and is of key importance to the production of cut flowers. The biochemical changes occurring are well-studied and involve macromolecular breakdown and remobilisation of nutrients to developing seeds or other young organs in the plant. However, the initiation and regulation of the process and inter-organ communication remain to be fully elucidated. Although ethylene emission, which becomes autocatalytic, is a key regulator in some species, in other species it appears not to be as important. Other plant growth regulators such as cytokinins, however, seem to be important in floral senescence across both ethylene sensitive and insensitive species. Other plant growth regulators are also likely involved. Omics approaches have provided a wealth of data especially in ornamental species where genome data is lacking. Two families of transcription factors: NAC and WRKY emerge as major regulators, and omics information has been critical in understanding their functions. Future progress would greatly benefit from a single model species for understanding floral senescence; however, this is challenging due to the diversity of regulatory mechanisms. Combining omics data sets can be powerful in understanding different layers of regulation, but in vitro biochemical and or genetic analysis through transgenics or mutants is still needed to fully verify mechanisms and interactions between regulators.
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Ali A, Zafar MM, Farooq Z, Ahmed SR, Ijaz A, Anwar Z, Abbas H, Tariq MS, Tariq H, Mustafa M, Bajwa MH, Shaukat F, Razzaq A, Maozhi R. Breakthrough in CRISPR/Cas system: Current and future directions and challenges. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2200642. [PMID: 37166088 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202200642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Targeted genome editing (GE) technology has brought a significant revolution in fictional genomic research and given hope to plant scientists to develop desirable varieties. This technology involves inducing site-specific DNA perturbations that can be repaired through DNA repair pathways. GE products currently include CRISPR-associated nuclease DNA breaks, prime editors generated DNA flaps, single nucleotide-modifications, transposases, and recombinases. The discovery of double-strand breaks, site-specific nucleases (SSNs), and repair mechanisms paved the way for targeted GE, and the first-generation GE tools, ZFNs and TALENs, were successfully utilized in plant GE. However, CRISPR-Cas has now become the preferred tool for GE due to its speed, reliability, and cost-effectiveness. Plant functional genomics has benefited significantly from the widespread use of CRISPR technology for advancements and developments. This review highlights the progress made in CRISPR technology, including multiplex editing, base editing (BE), and prime editing (PE), as well as the challenges and potential delivery mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ali
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Zunaira Farooq
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Syed Riaz Ahmed
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College (NIAB-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Science (PIEAS), Nilore, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Ijaz
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College (NIAB-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Science (PIEAS), Nilore, Pakistan
| | - Zunaira Anwar
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College (NIAB-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Science (PIEAS), Nilore, Pakistan
| | - Huma Abbas
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sayyam Tariq
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College (NIAB-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Science (PIEAS), Nilore, Pakistan
| | - Hala Tariq
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahwish Mustafa
- Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Fiza Shaukat
- Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Razzaq
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ren Maozhi
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Institute of, Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Chengdu, China
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Sharma P, Pandey A, Malviya R, Dey S, Karmakar S, Gayen D. Genome editing for improving nutritional quality, post-harvest shelf life and stress tolerance of fruits, vegetables, and ornamentals. Front Genome Ed 2023; 5:1094965. [PMID: 36911238 PMCID: PMC9998953 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2023.1094965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Agricultural production relies on horticultural crops, including vegetables, fruits, and ornamental plants, which sustain human life. With an alarming increase in human population and the consequential need for more food, it has become necessary for increased production to maintain food security. Conventional breeding has subsidized the development of improved verities but to enhance crop production, new breeding techniques need to be acquired. CRISPR-Cas9 system is a unique and powerful genome manipulation tool that can change the DNA in a precise way. Based on the bacterial adaptive immune system, this technique uses an endonuclease that creates double-stranded breaks (DSBs) at the target loci under the guidance of a single guide RNA. These DSBs can be repaired by a cellular repair mechanism that installs small insertion and deletion (indels) at the cut sites. When equated to alternate editing tools like ZFN, TALENs, and meganucleases, CRISPR- The cas-based editing tool has quickly gained fast-forward for its simplicity, ease to use, and low off-target effect. In numerous horticultural and industrial crops, the CRISPR technology has been successfully used to enhance stress tolerance, self-life, nutritional improvements, flavor, and metabolites. The CRISPR-based tool is the most appropriate one with the prospective goal of generating non-transgenic yields and avoiding the regulatory hurdles to release the modified crops into the market. Although several challenges for editing horticultural, industrial, and ornamental crops remain, this new novel nuclease, with its crop-specific application, makes it a dynamic tool for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punam Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Anuradha Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Rinku Malviya
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Sharmistha Dey
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | | | - Dipak Gayen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
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Sun X, Wang Y, Yang T, Wang X, Wang H, Wang D, Liu H, Wang X, Zhang G, Wei Z. Establishment of an efficient regeneration and Agrobacterium transformation system in mature embryos of calla lily ( Zantedeschia spp.). Front Genet 2022; 13:1085694. [PMID: 36561313 PMCID: PMC9763309 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1085694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calla lily (Zantedeschia spp.) have great aesthetic value due to their spathe-like appearance and richness of coloration. However, embryonic callus regeneration is absent from its current regeneration mechanism. As a result, constructing an adequate and stable genetic transformation system is hampered, severely hindering breeding efforts. In this research, the callus induction effectiveness of calla lily seed embryos of various maturities was evaluated. The findings indicated that mature seed embryos were more suitable for in vitro regeneration. Using orthogonal design experiments, the primary elements influencing in vitro regeneration, such as plant growth regulators, genotypes, and nanoscale materials, which was emergent uses for in vitro regeneration, were investigated. The findings indicated that MS supplemented with 6-BA 2 mg/L and NAA 0.1 mg/L was the optimal medium for callus induction (CIM); the germination medium (GM) was MS supplemented with 6-BA 2 mg/L NAA 0.2 mg/L and 1 mg/L CNTs, and the rooting medium (RM) was MS supplemented with 6-BA 2 mg/L NAA 0.7 mg/L and 2 mg/L CNTs. This allowed us to verify, in principle, that the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation system operates under optimal circumstances using the GUS reporter gene. Here, we developed a seed embryo-based genetic transformation regeneration system, which set the stage for future attempts to create new calla lily varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Sun
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, College of Horticultural Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China,Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China,College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tuo Yang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huanxiao Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, College of Horticultural Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China,Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, College of Horticultural Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China,Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, College of Horticultural Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China,Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, College of Horticultural Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China,Hebei Higher Institute Application Technology Research and Development Center of Horticultural Plant Biological Breeding, Qinhuangdao, China,*Correspondence: Guojun Zhang, ; Zunzheng Wei,
| | - Zunzheng Wei
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Guojun Zhang, ; Zunzheng Wei,
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Sirohi U, Kumar M, Sharma VR, Teotia S, Singh D, Chaudhary V, Yadav MK. CRISPR/Cas9 System: A Potential Tool for Genetic Improvement in Floricultural Crops. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:1303-1318. [PMID: 35751797 PMCID: PMC9244459 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00523-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Demand of flowers is increasing with time worldwide. Floriculture has become one of the most important commercial trades in agriculture. Although traditional breeding methods like hybridization and mutation breeding have contributed significantly to the development of important flower varieties, flower production and quality of flowers can be significantly improved by employing modern breeding approaches. Novel traits of significance have interest to consumers and producers, such as fragrance, new floral color, change in floral architecture and morphology, vase life, aroma, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, have been introduced by genetic manipulation. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) system has recently emerged as a powerful genome-editing tool for accurately changing DNA sequences at specific locations. It provides excellent means of genetically improving floricultural crops. CRISPR/Cas system has been utilized in gene editing in horticultural cops. There are few reports on the utilization of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in flowers. The current review summarizes the research work done by employing the CRISPR/Cas9 system in floricultural crops including improvement in flowering traits such as color modification, prolonging the shelf life of flowers, flower initiation, and development, changes in color of ornamental foliage by genome editing. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing could be useful in developing novel cultivars with higher fragrance and enhanced essential oil and many other useful traits. The present review also highlights the basic mechanism and key components involved in the CRISPR/Cas9 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwal Sirohi
- Present Address: National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi, 110067 India
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, SVPUAT, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250110 India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, SVPUAT, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250110 India
| | - Vinukonda Rakesh Sharma
- Plant Genetic Resources and Improvement, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001 India
| | - Sachin Teotia
- Department of Biotechnology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306 India
| | - Deepali Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Gautam Budh Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201308 India
| | - Veena Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Meerut College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250003 India
| | - Manoj Kumar Yadav
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, SVPUAT, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250110 India
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Viviani A, Spada M, Giordani T, Fambrini M, Pugliesi C. Origin of the genome editing systems: application for crop improvement. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Takahashi S, Yoshida C, Takahashi H, Nishihara M. Isolation and Functional Analysis of EPHEMERAL1-LIKE ( EPH1L) Genes Involved in Flower Senescence in Cultivated Japanese Gentians. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5608. [PMID: 35628413 PMCID: PMC9147615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The elongation of flower longevity increases the commercial value of ornamental plants, and various genes have been identified as influencing flower senescence. Recently, EPHEMERAL1 (EPH1), encoding a NAC-type transcription factor, was identified in Japanese morning glory as a gene that promotes flower senescence. Here we attempted to identify an EPH1 homolog gene from cultivated Japanese gentians and characterized the same with regard to its flower senescence. Two EPH1-LIKE genes (EPH1La and EPH1Lb), considered as alleles, were isolated from a gentian cultivar (Gentiana scabra × G. triflora). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that EPH1L belongs to the NAM subfamily. The transcript levels of EPH1L increased along with its senescence in the field-grown flowers. Under dark-induced senescence conditions, the gentian-detached flowers showed the peak transcription level of EPH1L earlier than that of SAG12, a senescence marker gene, suggesting the involvement of EPH1L in flower senescence. To reveal the EPH1L function, we produced eph1l-knockout mutant lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. When the flower longevity was evaluated using the detached flowers as described above, improved longevity was recorded in all genome-edited lines, with delayed induction of SAG12 transcription. The degradation analysis of genomic DNA matched the elongation of flower longevity, cumulatively indicating the involvement of EPH1L in the regulation of flower senescence in gentians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigekazu Takahashi
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami 024-0003, Japan; (S.T.); (C.Y.)
| | - Chiharu Yoshida
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami 024-0003, Japan; (S.T.); (C.Y.)
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto 862-8652, Japan;
| | - Masahiro Nishihara
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami 024-0003, Japan; (S.T.); (C.Y.)
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Hamdan MF, Mohd Noor SN, Abd-Aziz N, Pua TL, Tan BC. Green Revolution to Gene Revolution: Technological Advances in Agriculture to Feed the World. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1297. [PMID: 35631721 PMCID: PMC9146367 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Technological applications in agriculture have evolved substantially to increase crop yields and quality to meet global food demand. Conventional techniques, such as seed saving, selective breeding, and mutation breeding (variation breeding), have dramatically increased crop production, especially during the 'Green Revolution' in the 1990s. However, newer issues, such as limited arable lands, climate change, and ever-increasing food demand, pose challenges to agricultural production and threaten food security. In the following 'Gene Revolution' era, rapid innovations in the biotechnology field provide alternative strategies to further improve crop yield, quality, and resilience towards biotic and abiotic stresses. These innovations include the introduction of DNA recombinant technology and applications of genome editing techniques, such as transcription activator-like effector (TALEN), zinc-finger nucleases (ZFN), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated (CRISPR/Cas) systems. However, the acceptance and future of these modern tools rely on the regulatory frameworks governing their development and production in various countries. Herein, we examine the evolution of technological applications in agriculture, focusing on the motivations for their introduction, technical challenges, possible benefits and concerns, and regulatory frameworks governing genetically engineered product development and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Fadhli Hamdan
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Siti Nurfadhlina Mohd Noor
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia;
| | - Nazrin Abd-Aziz
- Innovation Centre in Agritechnology for Advanced Bioprocessing (ICA), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Pagoh 84600, Malaysia;
| | - Teen-Lee Pua
- Topplant Laboratories Sdn. Bhd., Jalan Ulu Beranang, Negeri Sembilan 71750, Malaysia;
| | - Boon Chin Tan
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
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13
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Lin Y, Jones ML. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Editing of Autophagy Gene 6 in Petunia Decreases Flower Longevity, Seed Yield, and Phosphorus Remobilization by Accelerating Ethylene Production and Senescence-Related Gene Expression. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:840218. [PMID: 35557714 PMCID: PMC9088004 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.840218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Developmental petal senescence is a type of programmed cell death (PCD), during which the production of ethylene is induced, the expression of PCD-related genes is upregulated, and nutrients are recycled. Autophagy is an intracellular mechanism involved in PCD modulation and nutrient cycling. As a central component of the autophagy pathway, Autophagy Gene 6 (ATG6) was previously shown as a negative regulator of petal senescence. To better understand the role of autophagy in ethylene biosynthesis and nutrient remobilization during petal senescence, we generated and characterized the knockout (KO) mutants of PhATG6 using CRISPR/Cas9 in Petunia × hybrida 'Mitchell Diploid.' PhATG6-KO lines exhibited decreased flower longevity when compared to the flowers of the wild-type or a non-mutated regenerative line (controls), confirming the negative regulatory role of ATG6 in petal senescence. Smaller capsules and fewer seeds per capsule were produced in the KO plants, indicating the crucial function of autophagy in seed production. Ethylene production and ethylene biosynthesis genes were upregulated earlier in the KO lines than the controls, indicating that autophagy affects flower longevity through ethylene. The transcript levels of petal PCD-related genes, including PhATG6, PhATG8d, PhPI3K (Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase), and a metacaspase gene PhMC1, were upregulated earlier in the corollas of PhATG6-KO lines, which supported the accelerated PCD in the KO plants. The remobilization of phosphorus was reduced in the KO lines, showing that nutrient recycling was compromised. Our study demonstrated the important role of autophagy in flower lifespan and seed production and supported the interactions between autophagy and various regulatory factors during developmental petal senescence.
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14
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Naik BJ, Shimoga G, Kim SC, Manjulatha M, Subramanyam Reddy C, Palem RR, Kumar M, Kim SY, Lee SH. CRISPR/Cas9 and Nanotechnology Pertinence in Agricultural Crop Refinement. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:843575. [PMID: 35463432 PMCID: PMC9024397 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.843575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9) method is a versatile technique that can be applied in crop refinement. Currently, the main reasons for declining agricultural yield are global warming, low rainfall, biotic and abiotic stresses, in addition to soil fertility issues caused by the use of harmful chemicals as fertilizers/additives. The declining yields can lead to inadequate supply of nutritional food as per global demand. Grains and horticultural crops including fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants are crucial in sustaining human life. Genomic editing using CRISPR/Cas9 and nanotechnology has numerous advantages in crop development. Improving crop production using transgenic-free CRISPR/Cas9 technology and produced fertilizers, pesticides, and boosters for plants by adopting nanotechnology-based protocols can essentially overcome the universal food scarcity. This review briefly gives an overview on the potential applications of CRISPR/Cas9 and nanotechnology-based methods in developing the cultivation of major agricultural crops. In addition, the limitations and major challenges of genome editing in grains, vegetables, and fruits have been discussed in detail by emphasizing its applications in crop refinement strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banavath Jayanna Naik
- Research Institute of Climate Change and Agriculture, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeju, South Korea
| | - Ganesh Shimoga
- Interaction Laboratory, Future Convergence Engineering, Advanced Technology Research Center, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan-si, South Korea
| | - Seong-Cheol Kim
- Research Institute of Climate Change and Agriculture, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeju, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Manu Kumar
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Youn Kim
- Interaction Laboratory, Future Convergence Engineering, Advanced Technology Research Center, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan-si, South Korea
| | - Soo-Hong Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea
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15
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Kawall K. The Generic Risks and the Potential of SDN-1 Applications in Crop Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2259. [PMID: 34834620 PMCID: PMC8622673 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of site-directed nucleases (SDNs) in crop plants to alter market-oriented traits is expanding rapidly. At the same time, there is an on-going debate around the safety and regulation of crops altered with the site-directed nuclease 1 (SDN-1) technology. SDN-1 applications can be used to induce a variety of genetic alterations ranging from fairly 'simple' genetic alterations to complex changes in plant genomes using, for example, multiplexing approaches. The resulting plants can contain modified alleles and associated traits, which are either known or unknown in conventionally bred plants. The European Commission recently published a study on new genomic techniques suggesting an adaption of the current GMO legislation by emphasizing that targeted mutagenesis techniques can produce genomic alterations that can also be obtained by natural mutations or conventional breeding techniques. This review highlights the need for a case-specific risk assessment of crop plants derived from SDN-1 applications considering both the characteristics of the product and the process to ensure a high level of protection of human and animal health and the environment. The published literature on so-called market-oriented traits in crop plants altered with SDN-1 applications is analyzed here to determine the types of SDN-1 application in plants, and to reflect upon the complexity and the naturalness of such products. Furthermore, it demonstrates the potential of SDN-1 applications to induce complex alterations in plant genomes that are relevant to generic SDN-associated risks. In summary, it was found that nearly half of plants with so-called market-oriented traits contain complex genomic alterations induced by SDN-1 applications, which may also pose new types of risks. It further underscores the need for data on both the process and the end-product for a case-by-case risk assessment of plants derived from SDN-1 applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Kawall
- Fachstelle Gentechnik und Umwelt, Frohschammerstr. 14, 80807 Munich, Germany
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16
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Luo J, Li R, Xu X, Niu H, Zhang Y, Wang C. SMRT and Illumina RNA Sequencing and Characterization of a Key NAC Gene LoNAC29 during the Flower Senescence in Lilium oriental 'Siberia'. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060869. [PMID: 34204040 PMCID: PMC8227295 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lily (Lilium spp.) is an important cut flower around the world. Flower senescence in lilies is characterized by the wilting and abscission of tepals, which results in a decrease in flower quality and huge economic loss. However, the mechanism underlying flower senescence in lilies is largely unknown. In this study, single-molecule, real-time (SMRT) and Illumina sequencing were carried out in L. oriental ‘Siberia’. Sequencing yielded 73,218 non-redundant transcripts, with an N50 of 3792 bp. These data were further integrated with three published transcriptomes through cogent analysis, which yielded 62,960 transcripts, with an increase in N50 of 3935 bp. Analysis of differentially expressed genes showed that 319 transcription factors were highly upregulated during flower senescence. The expression of twelve NAC genes and eleven senescence-associated genes (SAGs) showed that LoNAC29 and LoSAG39 were highly expressed in senescent flowers. Transient overexpression of LoNAC29 and LoSAG39 in tepals of lily notably accelerated flower senescence, and the promoter activity of LoSAG39 was strongly induced by LoNAC29. This work supported new evidence for the molecular mechanism of flower senescence and provided better sequence data for further study in lilies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (R.L.); (X.X.); (H.N.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ruirui Li
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (R.L.); (X.X.); (H.N.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xintong Xu
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (R.L.); (X.X.); (H.N.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Hairui Niu
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (R.L.); (X.X.); (H.N.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (R.L.); (X.X.); (H.N.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Caiyun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (R.L.); (X.X.); (H.N.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-027-87282010
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17
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Genome editing in fruit, ornamental, and industrial crops. Transgenic Res 2021; 30:499-528. [PMID: 33825100 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-021-00240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The advent of genome editing has opened new avenues for targeted trait enhancement in fruit, ornamental, industrial, and all specialty crops. In particular, CRISPR-based editing systems, derived from bacterial immune systems, have quickly become routinely used tools for research groups across the world seeking to edit plant genomes with a greater level of precision, higher efficiency, reduced off-target effects, and overall ease-of-use compared to ZFNs and TALENs. CRISPR systems have been applied successfully to a number of horticultural and industrial crops to enhance fruit ripening, increase stress tolerance, modify plant architecture, control the timing of flower development, and enhance the accumulation of desired metabolites, among other commercially-important traits. As editing technologies continue to advance, so too does the ability to generate improved crop varieties with non-transgenic modifications; in some crops, direct transgene-free edits have already been achieved, while in others, T-DNAs have successfully been segregated out through crossing. In addition to the potential to produce non-transgenic edited crops, and thereby circumvent regulatory impediments to the release of new, improved crop varieties, targeted gene editing can speed up trait improvement in crops with long juvenile phases, reducing inputs resulting in faster market introduction to the market. While many challenges remain regarding optimization of genome editing in ornamental, fruit, and industrial crops, the ongoing discovery of novel nucleases with niche specialties for engineering applications may form the basis for additional and potentially crop-specific editing strategies.
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18
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Giovannini A, Laura M, Nesi B, Savona M, Cardi T. Genes and genome editing tools for breeding desirable phenotypes in ornamentals. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:461-478. [PMID: 33388891 PMCID: PMC7778708 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02632-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We review the main genes underlying commercial traits in cut flower species and critically discuss the possibility to apply genome editing approaches to produce novel variation and phenotypes. Promoting flowering and flower longevity as well as creating novelty in flower structure, colour range and fragrances are major objectives of ornamental plant breeding. The novel genome editing techniques add new possibilities to study gene function and breed new varieties. The implementation of such techniques, however, relies on detailed information about structure and function of genomes and genes. Moreover, improved protocols for efficient delivery of editing reagents are required. Recent results of the application of genome editing techniques to elite ornamental crops are discussed in this review. Enabling technologies and genomic resources are reviewed in relation to the implementation of such approaches. Availability of the main gene sequences, underlying commercial traits and in vitro transformation protocols are provided for the world's best-selling cut flowers, namely rose, lily, chrysanthemum, lisianthus, tulip, gerbera, freesia, alstroemeria, carnation and hydrangea. Results obtained so far are described and their implications for the improvement of flowering, flower architecture, colour, scent and shelf-life are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Giovannini
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (CREA OF), Corso degli Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo, Italy
| | - M. Laura
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (CREA OF), Corso degli Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo, Italy
| | - B. Nesi
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (CREA OF), Via dei Fiori 8, 51017 Pescia, Italy
| | - M. Savona
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (CREA OF), Corso degli Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo, Italy
| | - T. Cardi
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (CREA OF), Via Cavalleggeri 25, 84098 Pontecagnano Faiano, Italy
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19
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Pramanik D, Shelake RM, Kim MJ, Kim JY. CRISPR-Mediated Engineering across the Central Dogma in Plant Biology for Basic Research and Crop Improvement. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:127-150. [PMID: 33152519 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The central dogma (CD) of molecular biology is the transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein. Major CD processes governing genetic flow include the cell cycle, DNA replication, chromosome packaging, epigenetic changes, transcription, posttranscriptional alterations, translation, and posttranslational modifications. The CD processes are tightly regulated in plants to maintain genetic integrity throughout the life cycle and to pass genetic materials to next generation. Engineering of various CD processes involved in gene regulation will accelerate crop improvement to feed the growing world population. CRISPR technology enables programmable editing of CD processes to alter DNA, RNA, or protein, which would have been impossible in the past. Here, an overview of recent advancements in CRISPR tool development and CRISPR-based CD modulations that expedite basic and applied plant research is provided. Furthermore, CRISPR applications in major thriving areas of research, such as gene discovery (allele mining and cryptic gene activation), introgression (de novo domestication and haploid induction), and application of desired traits beneficial to farmers or consumers (biotic/abiotic stress-resilient crops, plant cell factories, and delayed senescence), are described. Finally, the global regulatory policies, challenges, and prospects for CRISPR-mediated crop improvement are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyajyoti Pramanik
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Rahul Mahadev Shelake
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Mi Jung Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Jae-Yean Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
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20
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Bhatta BP, Malla S. Improving Horticultural Crops via CRISPR/Cas9: Current Successes and Prospects. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1360. [PMID: 33066510 PMCID: PMC7602190 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Horticultural crops include a diverse array of crops comprising fruits, vegetables, nuts, flowers, aromatic and medicinal plants. They provide nutritional, medicinal, and aesthetic benefits to mankind. However, these crops undergo many biotic (e.g., diseases, pests) and abiotic stresses (e.g., drought, salinity). Conventional breeding strategies to improve traits in crops involve the use of a series of backcrossing and selection for introgression of a beneficial trait into elite germplasm, which is time and resource consuming. Recent new plant breeding tools such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) /CRISPR-associated protein-9 (Cas9) technique have the potential to be rapid, cost-effective, and precise tools for crop improvement. In this review article, we explore the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, its history, classification, general applications, specific uses in horticultural crops, challenges, existing resources, associated regulatory aspects, and the way forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bed Prakash Bhatta
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Uvalde, TX 78801, USA
| | - Subas Malla
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Uvalde, TX 78801, USA
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21
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Ahn CH, Ramya M, An HR, Park PM, Kim YJ, Lee SY, Jang S. Progress and Challenges in the Improvement of Ornamental Plants by Genome Editing. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9060687. [PMID: 32481726 PMCID: PMC7356337 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Biotechnological approaches have been used to modify the floral color, size, and fragrance of ornamental plants, as well as to increase disease resistance and vase life. Together with the advancement of whole genome sequencing technologies, new plant breeding techniques have rapidly emerged in recent years. Compared to the early versions of gene editing tools, such as meganucleases (MNs), zinc fingers (ZFNs), and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) is capable of altering a genome more efficiently and with higher accuracy. Most recently, new CRISPR systems, including base editors and prime editors, confer reduced off-target activity with improved DNA specificity and an expanded targeting scope. However, there are still controversial issues worldwide for the recognition of genome-edited plants, including whether genome-edited plants are genetically modified organisms and require a safety evaluation process. In the current review, we briefly summarize the current progress in gene editing systems and also introduce successful/representative cases of the CRISPR system application for the improvement of ornamental plants with desirable traits. Furthermore, potential challenges and future prospects in the use of genome-editing tools for ornamental plants are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ho Ahn
- Floriculture Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun, Jellabuk-do 55365, Korea; (C.H.A.); (M.R.); (H.R.A.); (P.M.P.); (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Mummadireddy Ramya
- Floriculture Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun, Jellabuk-do 55365, Korea; (C.H.A.); (M.R.); (H.R.A.); (P.M.P.); (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Hye Ryun An
- Floriculture Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun, Jellabuk-do 55365, Korea; (C.H.A.); (M.R.); (H.R.A.); (P.M.P.); (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Pil Man Park
- Floriculture Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun, Jellabuk-do 55365, Korea; (C.H.A.); (M.R.); (H.R.A.); (P.M.P.); (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Yae-Jin Kim
- Floriculture Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun, Jellabuk-do 55365, Korea; (C.H.A.); (M.R.); (H.R.A.); (P.M.P.); (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Su Young Lee
- Floriculture Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun, Jellabuk-do 55365, Korea; (C.H.A.); (M.R.); (H.R.A.); (P.M.P.); (Y.-J.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.Y.L.); (S.J.); Tel.: +82-238-6840 (S.Y.L.); +82-63-238-6677 (S.J.)
| | - Seonghoe Jang
- World Vegetable Center Korea Office (WKO), Wanju-gun, Jellabuk-do 55365, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.Y.L.); (S.J.); Tel.: +82-238-6840 (S.Y.L.); +82-63-238-6677 (S.J.)
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22
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Boutigny AL, Dohin N, Pornin D, Rolland M. Overview and detectability of the genetic modifications in ornamental plants. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:11. [PMID: 32025314 PMCID: PMC6994484 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The market of ornamental plants is extremely competitive, and for many species genetic engineering can be used to introduce original traits of high commercial interest. However, very few genetically modified (GM) ornamental varieties have reached the market so far. Indeed, the authorization process required for such plants has a strong impact on the profitability of the development of such products. Considering the numerous scientific studies using genetic modification on ornamental species of interest, a lot of transformed material has been produced, could be of commercial interest and could therefore be unintentionally released on the market. The unintentional use of GM petunia in breeding programs has indeed recently been observed. This review lists scientific publications using GM ornamental plants and tries to identify whether these plants could be detected by molecular biology tools commonly used by control laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Boutigny
- Anses, Plant Health Laboratory, Bacteriology Virology GMO Unit, 7 rue Jean Dixméras, 49044 Angers, cedex 01, France
| | - Nicolas Dohin
- Anses, Plant Health Laboratory, Bacteriology Virology GMO Unit, 7 rue Jean Dixméras, 49044 Angers, cedex 01, France
| | - David Pornin
- Anses, Plant Health Laboratory, Bacteriology Virology GMO Unit, 7 rue Jean Dixméras, 49044 Angers, cedex 01, France
| | - Mathieu Rolland
- Anses, Plant Health Laboratory, Bacteriology Virology GMO Unit, 7 rue Jean Dixméras, 49044 Angers, cedex 01, France
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23
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Tree Bark Phenols Regulate the Physiological and Biochemical Performance of Gladiolus Flowers. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The postharvest physiology of cut flowers is largely dependent on vase life, which is the maximum number of days before flower senescence. The use of tree bark extracts (major forest plant residues), as an eco-friendly and natural antioxidant preservative in holding solutions, is a novel tool for extending flower longevity. The morphological, physiological, biochemical, and genetic responses of Gladiolus grandiflorus cut spikes to Magnolia acuminata and Taxus cuspidata bark extracts as additives in holding solutions were investigated. G. grandiflorus subjected to bark extracts as well as catechin and protocatechuic acid (main phenols) displayed significant increased longevity (up to 18 days), an increased number of open florets, and increased floret fresh weight. Increases in the relative water content, leaf chlorophyll, carotenoids, soluble sugars, and protein content were observed in addition to a reduction in microbial growth in the cut spikes. Gas exchange parameters were higher in the bark extract treatments than in the controls. Higher antioxidant activities were detected and associated with increased superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities and reduced H2O2 accumulation. The bark extract treatments associated with reduced expression of GgCyP1 (produces cysteine protease) and increased expression of both GgDAD1 (defends against apoptotic activity) and GgEXPA1 (regulates petal expansion). Several mechanisms were implicated in these effects, including maintenance of water content, enhanced management of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased sugar and protein composition, and control of microbial growth. Thus, bark extracts and isolated phenols could be developed as an eco-friendly, non-toxic, and cost-effective natural preservative for cut gladiolus flowers.
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Miroshnichenko DN, Shulga OA, Timerbaev VR, Dolgov SV. Achievements, Challenges, and Prospects in the Production of Nontransgenic, Genome-Edited Plants. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683819090047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Armario Najera V, Twyman RM, Christou P, Zhu C. Applications of multiplex genome editing in higher plants. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 59:93-102. [PMID: 30978482 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Multiplex genome editing involves the simultaneous targeting of multiple related or unrelated targets. The latter is most straightforward using the CRISPR/Cas9 system because multiple gRNAs can be delivered either as independent expression cassettes with their own promoters or as polycistronic transcripts processed into mature gRNAs by endogenous or introduced nucleases. Multiplex genome editing in plants initially focused on input traits such as herbicide resistance, but has recently expanded to include hormone biosynthesis and perception, metabolic engineering, plant development and molecular farming, with more than 100 simultaneous targeting events reported. Usually the coding region is targeted but recent examples also include promoter modifications to generate mutants with varying levels of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Armario Najera
- Department of Crop Production and Forestry Sciences, University of Lleida, Agrotecnio Center, Avda Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 28049 Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Paul Christou
- Department of Crop Production and Forestry Sciences, University of Lleida, Agrotecnio Center, Avda Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 28049 Lleida, Spain; ICREA, Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Changfu Zhu
- Department of Crop Production and Forestry Sciences, University of Lleida, Agrotecnio Center, Avda Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 28049 Lleida, Spain
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