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Bomfim NCP, Aguilar JV, Ferreira TC, de Souza LA, Camargos LS. Could nitrogen compounds be indicators of tolerance to high doses of Cu and Fe in the cultivation of Leucaena leucocephala? PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:489-498. [PMID: 36512983 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen metabolism and the production of primary and secondary metabolites vary according to biotic and abiotic factors such as trace elements (TE) stress, and can, therefore, be considered biomarkers. The present study evaluated the effect of copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) TE, separately, on the metabolism of nitrogen compounds and biomass production, partitioned into shoot and roots of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit., and identified possible defense mechanisms linked to nitrogen metabolism. At 120 days of cultivation, the biomass production of L. leucocephala was higher when exposed to excess Fe than Cu. Nonetheless, the biomass gain (%) of plants exposed to Cu was higher, especially the biomass gains in roots. The tolerance and biomass production of L. leucocephala is related to the regulation of nitrogen metabolism and production of secondary metabolites. The biochemistry of plant metabolism against the excess of Cu and Fe TE manifested similarly, but with some specifics regarding the chemical nature of each metal. There was a reduction in the content of ureides and proteins and an increase in amino acids in the roots in relation to the increase in Cu and Fe concentrations. There was low accumulation of proline in the roots in treatments 400 and 500 mg/dm3 compared to the control for both TE. On the other hand, the total phenolic compounds in the roots increased. Our results indicate that the increased synthesis of amino acids and the accumulation of phenolic compounds is involved in the tolerance of L. leucocephala to Cu and Fe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayane Cristina Pires Bomfim
- Department of Biology and Zootechny, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Engineering, Ilha Solteira. Plant Metabolism Physiology Laboratory. Rua Monção, 226, Rua Monção, 226, Zona Norte, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, 15385-000, Brazil.
| | - Jailson Vieira Aguilar
- Department of Biology and Zootechny, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Engineering, Ilha Solteira. Plant Metabolism Physiology Laboratory. Rua Monção, 226, Rua Monção, 226, Zona Norte, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, 15385-000, Brazil
| | - Tassia Caroline Ferreira
- Department of Biology and Zootechny, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Engineering, Ilha Solteira. Plant Metabolism Physiology Laboratory. Rua Monção, 226, Rua Monção, 226, Zona Norte, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, 15385-000, Brazil
| | | | - Liliane Santos Camargos
- Department of Biology and Zootechny, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Engineering, Ilha Solteira. Plant Metabolism Physiology Laboratory. Rua Monção, 226, Rua Monção, 226, Zona Norte, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, 15385-000, Brazil.
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Kato-Noguchi H, Kurniadie D. Allelopathy and Allelochemicals of Leucaenaleucocephala as an Invasive Plant Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11131672. [PMID: 35807624 PMCID: PMC9269122 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit is native to southern Mexico and Central America and is now naturalized in more than 130 countries. The spread of L. leucocephala is probably due to its multipurpose use such as fodder, timber, paper pulp, shade trees, and soil amendment. However, the species is listed in the world's 100 worst invasive alien species, and an aggressive colonizer. It forms dense monospecific stands and threatens native plant communities, especially in oceanic islands. Phytotoxic chemical interactions such as allelopathy have been reported to play an important role in the invasion of several invasive plant species. Possible evidence for allelopathy of L. leucocephala has also been accumulated in the literature over 30 years. The extracts, leachates, root exudates, litter, decomposing residues, and rhizosphere soil of L. leucocephala increased the mortality and suppressed the germination and growth of several plant species, including weeds and woody plants. Those observations suggest that L. leucocephala is allelopathic and contains certain allelochemicals. Those allelochemicals may release into the rhizosphere soil during decomposition process of the plant residues and root exudation. Several putative allelochemicals such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and mimosine were identified in L. leucocephala. The species produces a large amount of mimosine and accumulates it in almost all parts of the plants, including leaves, stems, seeds, flowers, roots, and root nodules. The concentrations of mimosine in these parts were 0.11 to 6.4% of their dry weight. Mimosine showed growth inhibitory activity against several plant species, including some woody plants and invasive plants. Mimosine blocked cell division of protoplasts from Petunia hybrida hort. ex E. Vilm. between G1 and S phases, and disturbed the enzyme activity such as peroxidase, catalase, and IAA oxidase. Some of those identified compounds in L. leucocephala may be involved in its allelopathy. Therefore, the allelopathic property of L. leucocephala may support its invasive potential and formation of dense monospecific stands. However, the concentrations of mimosine, phenolic acids, and flavonoids in the vicinity of L. leucocephala, including its rhizosphere soil, have not yet been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki 761-0795, Japan
| | - Denny Kurniadie
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya, Bandung Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
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Carrillo JT, Borthakur D. Heterologous expression and characterization of a thermoalkaliphilic SAM-synthetase from giant leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala subsp glabrata). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 181:42-49. [PMID: 35429803 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The cDNA encoding S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthetase was isolated from giant leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala subsp. glabrata) root tissue mRNA. Transcriptome data and 5'-RLM-RACE were used to obtain the transcript sequence and clone into the T7-expression vector pEt14b. N-terminal Histidine-tagged recombinant protein was expressed highly in Escherichia coli, purified and characterized by activity assays. A straightforward method using isocratic reverse-phase HPLC analysis (mobile phase: 0.02M o-phosphoric acid) of enzyme assays determined optimal enzyme activity at pH 10.0, 55 °C and 200 mM KCl. In addition to thermophilic activity, giant leucaena SAM-synthetase remains highly active in solutions containing up to 4 M KCl and accepts Na+ to some extent as a substitute for K+, a known required cofactor for SAM-synthetases. The enzyme followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics (Km = 1.82 mM, Kcat = 1.17 s-1, Vmax 243.9 μM. min-1) and was not inhibited by spermidine, spermine or nicotianamine. Giant leucaena SAM-synthetase is a highly tolerant enzyme to extreme conditions, suggesting further studies on plant SAM-synthetases.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Carrillo
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, 1955 East-West Road, Agricultural Sciences 218, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
| | - Dulal Borthakur
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, 1955 East-West Road, Agricultural Sciences 218, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
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da Silva Rodrigues-Honda KC, Honda MDH, Borthakur D, Fett-Neto AG. Methods of Mimosine Extraction from Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit Leaves. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2469:231-237. [PMID: 35508843 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2185-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mimosine is a nonprotein amino acid biosynthesized from OAS (O-acetylserine) and 3H4P (3-hydroxy-4-pyridone or its tautoisomer 3,4-dihydroxypyridine). This amino acid constitutively occurs in all parts of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit plants and is found at higher concentrations in seeds and leaves. This metabolite has several useful activities, such as antioxidant, allelochemical, insecticidal, antimicrobial, metal chelating, and antitumor. Mimosine is well studied in biomedical research due its ability to inhibit cells in the late G1 phase and to induce cell apoptosis. Two simple methods of mimosine extraction from leucaena leaves, pulverized and whole maceration, are described herein in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Cristine da Silva Rodrigues-Honda
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Michael David Hideo Honda
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Dulal Borthakur
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Arthur G Fett-Neto
- Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Plant Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Biochemistry of plants N-heterocyclic non-protein amino acids. Amino Acids 2021; 53:801-812. [PMID: 33950299 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-02990-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Plants catalyze the biosynthesis of a large number of non-protein amino acids, which are usually toxic for other organisms. In this review, the chemistry and metabolism of N-heterocyclic non-protein amino acids from plants are described. These N-heterocyclic non-protein amino acids are composed of β-substituted alanines and include mimosine, β-pyrazol-1-yl-L-alanine, willardiine, isowillardiine, and lathyrine. These β-substituted alanines consisted of an N-heterocyclic moiety and an alanyl side chain. This review explains how these individual moieties are derived from their precursors and how they are used as the substrate for biosynthesizing the respective N-heterocyclic non-protein amino acids. In addition, known catabolism and possible role of these non-protein amino acids in the actual host is explained.
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Balderas-León I, Baigts-Allende D, Cardador-Martínez A. Antioxidant, angiotensin-converting enzyme, and α-amylase inhibitory activities of protein hydrolysates of Leucaena leucocephala seeds. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2021.1909144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iván Balderas-León
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Querétaro, México
| | - Diana Baigts-Allende
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Querétaro, México
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Ambiental y de Alimentos, Universidad de las Américas, Puebla, México
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Honda MDH, Borthakur D. Mimosine facilitates metallic cation uptake by plants through formation of mimosine-cation complexes. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:431-445. [PMID: 31907707 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00956-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency conditions as well as iron supplied as a Fe(III)-mimosine complex induced a number of strategy I and strategy II genes for iron uptake in leucaena. Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) is a tree-legume that can grow in alkaline soils, where metal-cofactors like Fe(III) are sparingly available. Mimosine, a known chelator of Fe(III), may facilitate Fe(III) uptake in leucaena by serving as a phytosiderophore. To test if mimosine can serve as a phytosiderophore, three sets of experiments were carried out. First, the binding properties and solubility of metal-mimosine complexes were assessed through spectrophotometry. Second, to study mimosine uptake in plants, pole bean, common bean, and tomato plants were supplied with mimosine alone and metal-mimosine complexes. Third, the expression of strategy I (S1) and strategy II (S2) genes for iron uptake from the soil was studied in leucaena plants exposed to different Fe(III) complexes. The results of this study show that (i) mimosine has high binding affinity for metallic cations at alkaline pH, Fe(III)-mimosine complexes are water soluble at alkaline pH, and that mimosine can bind soil iron under alkaline pH; (ii) pole bean, common bean, and tomato plants can uptake mimosine and transport it throughout the plant; and (iii) a number of S1 and S2 genes were upregulated in leucaena under iron-deficiency condition or when Fe(III) was supplied as a Fe(III)-mimosine complex. These findings suggest that leucaena may utilize both S1 and S2 strategies for iron uptake; and mimosine may play an important role in both strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D H Honda
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Dulal Borthakur
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
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Lebedev VG, Krutovsky KV, Shestibratov KA. …Fell Upas Sits, the Hydra-Tree of Death †, or the Phytotoxicity of Trees. Molecules 2019; 24:E1636. [PMID: 31027270 PMCID: PMC6514861 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of natural products that can serve as natural herbicides and insecticides is a promising direction because of their greater safety for humans and environment. Secondary metabolites of plants that are toxic to plants and insects-allelochemicals-can be used as such products. Woody plants can produce allelochemicals, but they are studied much less than herbaceous species. Meanwhile, there is a problem of interaction of woody species with neighboring plants in the process of introduction or invasion, co-cultivation with agricultural crops (agroforestry) or in plantation forestry (multiclonal or multispecies plantations). This review describes woody plants with the greatest allelopathic potential, allelochemicals derived from them, and the prospects for their use as biopesticides. In addition, the achievement of and the prospects for the use of biotechnology methods in relation to the allelopathy of woody plants are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim G Lebedev
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Prospect Nauki, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Konstantin V Krutovsky
- Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina Str. 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- Laboratory of Forest Genomics, Genome Research and Education Center, Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 50a/2 Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&M University, 495 Horticulture Rd, College Station, TX 77843-2138, USA.
| | - Konstantin A Shestibratov
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Prospect Nauki, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia.
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