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Machado M, Queiroz-Machado CRR, Gardner DR, Castro MB, Câmara ACL, Pimentel LA, Galiza GJN, Riet-Correa F. Leucaena leucocephala toxicity in Brazilian horses. Toxicon 2024; 240:107655. [PMID: 38382883 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Leucaena leucocephala poisoning is reported in horses in different Brazilian regions. The poisoning occurred one month after the horses were introduced into paddocks invaded by the plant or after 10 days of consuming cut Leucaena administered as the only food. Affected horses showed moderate to severe hair loss on the mane and tail, orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis with marked follicular telogenization, and hyperplasia of thyroid follicular cells. Mimosin concentration in leaves (5.5 mg/g) was determined by a new HLPC-UV method which is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizael Machado
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal (PSA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental del Norte, Tacuarembó, Uruguay.
| | - Cintia R R Queiroz-Machado
- Centro Universitario Regional (CENUR) Noreste, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - Dale R Gardner
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Logan, USA
| | - Márcio B Castro
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Antônio Carlos L Câmara
- Large Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Luciano A Pimentel
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Hospital Universitário de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB), Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Glauco J N Galiza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Saúde Animal, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Patos, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Franklin Riet-Correa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Animais nos Trópicos, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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2
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Ahmad I, Hikmawan BD, Maharani DF, Nisrina N, Arifianti AE, Mun’im A. Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent based Ultrasound-assisted extraction: A green approach for extraction of sulfhydryl and mimosine from Leucaena leucocephala (Lam) de Wit seeds. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20480. [PMID: 37842627 PMCID: PMC10570601 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit seeds, also known as river tamarind, contain sulfhydryl compounds that exhibit antioxidant effects. However, these seeds also possess a toxic effect from mimosine. In this study, the river tamarind seeds were extracted using a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) based UAE. Among six NADES compositions screened, choline chloride-glycerol (ChCl-Gly) and choline chloride-sucrose (ChCl-Suc) were selected to be further optimized using a Box-Behnken Design in the RSM. The optimization of total sulfhydryl content was performed in 17 runs using three variables, namely water content in NADES (39%, 41%, and 43%), extraction time (5, 10, and 15 min), and the liquid-solid ratio (3, 5, and 7 mL/g). The highest concentration of sulfhydryls was obtained from ChCl-Gly-UAE (0.89 mg/g sample) under the conditions of a water content in NADES of 41% (v/v) and a liquid-solid ratio of 3 mL/g for 15 min, followed by that of from ChCl-Suc-UAE extract under the conditions of water content in NADES of 43% (v/v) and the liquid-solid ratio of 3 mL/g for 10 min with total sulfhydryl level was 0.67 mg/g sample. The maceration method using 30% ethanol resulted in the lowest level of sulfhydryls with a value of 0.52 mg/g. The mimosine compounds obtained in the NADES-based UAE (ChCl-Suc and ChCl-Gly) extracts were 4.95 and 7.67 mg/g, respectively, while 12.56 mg/g in the 30% ethanol-maceration extract. The surface morphology of L. leucocephala seed before and after extraction was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of ChCl-Suc and ChCl-Gly in NADES-based UAE is more selective in attracting sulfhydryl compounds than that of 30% ethanol-maceration extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islamudin Ahmad
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development Laboratory of FARMAKA TROPIS, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, 75119, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Baso Didik Hikmawan
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development Laboratory of FARMAKA TROPIS, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, 75119, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Disqi Fahira Maharani
- Undergraduate Program of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Nadya Nisrina
- Undergraduate Program of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ayun Erwina Arifianti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Abdul Mun’im
- Department of Pharmacognosy-Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, West Java, Indonesia
- National Metabolomic Collaborative Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, West Java, Indonesia
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3
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da Silva Rodrigues-Honda KC, Honda MDH, Borthakur D, Fett-Neto AG. Methods of Mimosine Extraction from Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit Leaves. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2469:231-237. [PMID: 35508843 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2185-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mimosine is a nonprotein amino acid biosynthesized from OAS (O-acetylserine) and 3H4P (3-hydroxy-4-pyridone or its tautoisomer 3,4-dihydroxypyridine). This amino acid constitutively occurs in all parts of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit plants and is found at higher concentrations in seeds and leaves. This metabolite has several useful activities, such as antioxidant, allelochemical, insecticidal, antimicrobial, metal chelating, and antitumor. Mimosine is well studied in biomedical research due its ability to inhibit cells in the late G1 phase and to induce cell apoptosis. Two simple methods of mimosine extraction from leucaena leaves, pulverized and whole maceration, are described herein in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Cristine da Silva Rodrigues-Honda
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Michael David Hideo Honda
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Dulal Borthakur
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Arthur G Fett-Neto
- Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Plant Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Anand BG, Wu Q, Karthivashan G, Shejale KP, Amidian S, Wille H, Kar S. Mimosine functionalized gold nanoparticles (Mimo-AuNPs) suppress β-amyloid aggregation and neuronal toxicity. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:4491-4505. [PMID: 34027236 PMCID: PMC8131740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that increased level/aggregation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptides initiate neurodegeneration and subsequent development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). At present, there is no effective treatment for AD. In this study, we reported the effects of gold nanoparticles surface-functionalized with a plant-based amino acid mimosine (Mimo-AuNPs), which is found to cross the blood-brain barrier, on the Aβ fibrillization process and toxicity. Thioflavin T kinetic assays, fluorescence imaging and electron microscopy data showed that Mimo-AuNPs were able to suppress the spontaneous and seed-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation. Spectroscopic studies, molecular docking and biochemical analyses further revealed that Mimo-AuNPs stabilize Aβ1-42 to remain in its monomeric state by interacting with the hydrophobic domain of Aβ1-42 (i.e., Lys16 to Ala21) there by preventing a conformational shift towards the β-sheet structure. Additionally, Mimo-AuNPs were found to trigger the disassembly of matured Aβ1-42 fibers and increased neuronal viability by reducing phosphorylation of tau protein and the production of oxyradicals. Collectively, these results reveal that the surface-functionalization of gold nanoparticles with mimosine can attenuate Aβ fibrillization and neuronal toxicity. Thus, we propose Mimo-AuNPs may be used as a potential treatment strategy towards AD-related pathologies. Mimosine functionalized with gold nanoparticles (Mimo-AuNPs) can cross blood-brain barrier. Mimo-AuNPs inhibit aggregation of Aβ peptides by interacting with its hydrophobic domain. Mimo-AuNPs can trigger disassembly of pre-aggregated Aβ fibers. Mimo-AuNPs can protect neurons against Aβ toxicity by attenuating intracellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibin G Anand
- Departments of Medicine and University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada.,Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada
| | - Qi Wu
- Departments of Medicine and University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada.,Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada
| | - Govindarajan Karthivashan
- Departments of Medicine and University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada.,Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada
| | - Kiran P Shejale
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, India
| | - Sara Amidian
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada.,Departments of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada
| | - Holger Wille
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada.,Departments of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada
| | - Satyabrata Kar
- Departments of Medicine and University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada.,Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2M8, Canada
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Negi VS, Pal A, Borthakur D. Biochemistry of plants N-heterocyclic non-protein amino acids. Amino Acids 2021; 53:801-12. [PMID: 33950299 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-02990-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Plants catalyze the biosynthesis of a large number of non-protein amino acids, which are usually toxic for other organisms. In this review, the chemistry and metabolism of N-heterocyclic non-protein amino acids from plants are described. These N-heterocyclic non-protein amino acids are composed of β-substituted alanines and include mimosine, β-pyrazol-1-yl-L-alanine, willardiine, isowillardiine, and lathyrine. These β-substituted alanines consisted of an N-heterocyclic moiety and an alanyl side chain. This review explains how these individual moieties are derived from their precursors and how they are used as the substrate for biosynthesizing the respective N-heterocyclic non-protein amino acids. In addition, known catabolism and possible role of these non-protein amino acids in the actual host is explained.
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Devi A, Namsa ND, Doley R. In silico and in vitro neutralization of PLA 2 activity of Daboxin P by butein, mimosine and bakuchiol. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1066-1078. [PMID: 33035526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have always been used for snakebite treatment by traditional healers but they lack scientific evidence of action. However secondary metabolites of such plants have been explored and found to inhibit the toxic effect of venom proteins. Literature survey from 2003 to 2019 resulted in identification of 251 secondary metabolites with such properties. In silico docking studies of these metabolites with modelled structure of Daboxin P, a PLA2 from Indian Daboia russelii revealed that butein, mimosine and bakuchiol bind to Daboxin P with high affinity. Butein interacted with the catalytic triad but mimosine and bakuchiol interacted with the Ca2+ binding residues of Daboxin P. In vitro validation showed that the molecules inhibited the sPLA2 activity of Daboxin P. Interestingly, mimosine and bakuchiol could also neutralize the anti-coagulatory activity of Daboxin P. Further, it was observed that butein and mimosine could neutralize the PLA2 activity of Indian big four venoms dose dependently. On the other hand, mimosine and bakuchiol could also neutralize the pro/anti-coagulatory effect of big four crude venom. Thus, in this study, three molecules have been identified which can neutralize the PLA2 activity and pro/anti-coagulatory effect of Daboxin P as well as crude venom of big four.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Devi
- Molecular Toxinology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Nima D Namsa
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Robin Doley
- Molecular Toxinology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India.
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Orr R, Hocking RK, Pattison A, Nelson PN. Extraction of metals from mildly acidic tropical soils: Interactions between chelating ligand, pH and soil type. Chemosphere 2020; 248:126060. [PMID: 32032879 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring and synthetic chelating ligands can act as suppressants for fungal pathogens, nematodes and weeds, based on their ability to alter micronutrient bioavailability in soil, particularly iron. Chelators are also used as detergents, for remediation of heavy metal contamination and for supplying metals as fertiliser. The aim of this work was to test the ability of chelators to solubilise metals, in particular iron, in tropical soils over an environmentally relevant pH range. Six topsoils from farms in North Queensland, Australia were adjusted to pH 5, 6 and 7 and then extracted with CaCl2, EDTA, DTPA, EDDHA and mimosine. The extracts were analysed for concentrations of aluminium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, strontium and zinc. EDDHA solubilised iron effectively under all of the conditions tested, indicating its likely suitability for pest suppression. The concentration of aluminium in EDDHA extracts was positively correlated with pH, and at pH 7 the concentration of aluminium was far greater than that of iron. An increase in the mobility of aluminium from EDDHA application to soil may lead to aluminium toxicity in plants, which should be considered further in any practical application of EDDHA. Mimosine, which is also a strong chelator, was a poor extractor of all metals, possibly due to adsorption to the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Orr
- James Cook University, College of Science and Engineering, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia.
| | - Rosalie K Hocking
- Swinburne University of Technology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia; James Cook University, College of Science and Engineering, Townsville, QLD, 4814, Australia
| | - Anthony Pattison
- Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, South Johnstone, QLD, 4859, Australia
| | - Paul N Nelson
- James Cook University, College of Science and Engineering, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
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8
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Honda MDH, Borthakur D. Mimosine facilitates metallic cation uptake by plants through formation of mimosine-cation complexes. Plant Mol Biol 2020; 102:431-445. [PMID: 31907707 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00956-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency conditions as well as iron supplied as a Fe(III)-mimosine complex induced a number of strategy I and strategy II genes for iron uptake in leucaena. Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) is a tree-legume that can grow in alkaline soils, where metal-cofactors like Fe(III) are sparingly available. Mimosine, a known chelator of Fe(III), may facilitate Fe(III) uptake in leucaena by serving as a phytosiderophore. To test if mimosine can serve as a phytosiderophore, three sets of experiments were carried out. First, the binding properties and solubility of metal-mimosine complexes were assessed through spectrophotometry. Second, to study mimosine uptake in plants, pole bean, common bean, and tomato plants were supplied with mimosine alone and metal-mimosine complexes. Third, the expression of strategy I (S1) and strategy II (S2) genes for iron uptake from the soil was studied in leucaena plants exposed to different Fe(III) complexes. The results of this study show that (i) mimosine has high binding affinity for metallic cations at alkaline pH, Fe(III)-mimosine complexes are water soluble at alkaline pH, and that mimosine can bind soil iron under alkaline pH; (ii) pole bean, common bean, and tomato plants can uptake mimosine and transport it throughout the plant; and (iii) a number of S1 and S2 genes were upregulated in leucaena under iron-deficiency condition or when Fe(III) was supplied as a Fe(III)-mimosine complex. These findings suggest that leucaena may utilize both S1 and S2 strategies for iron uptake; and mimosine may play an important role in both strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D H Honda
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Dulal Borthakur
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
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Oogai S, Fukuta M, Watanabe K, Inafuku M, Oku H. Molecular characterization of mimosinase and cystathionine β-lyase in the Mimosoideae subfamily member Mimosa pudica. J Plant Res 2019; 132:667-680. [PMID: 31368041 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-019-01128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mimosinase degrades the non-protein amino acid mimosine and is thought to have evolved from cystathionine β-lyase (CBL) via gene duplication. However, no study has, to date, compared the molecular characteristics of mimosinase and CBL. We therefore cloned mimosinase and CBL from the Mimosoideae subfamily member Mimosa pudica (Mp) and explored the molecular relationship between mimosinase and CBL for the first time. The recombinant Mp mimosinase degraded both mimosine and cystathionine with a much higher turnover number (kcat) for mimosine compared with cystathionine, and Mp CBL utilized only cystathionine as a substrate. The critical residues implicated in the substrate binding of Arabidopsis thaliana CBL (Tyr-127, Arg-129, Tyr-181, and Arg-440) were highly conserved in both Mp mimosinase and CBL. However, homology modeling and molecular simulation of these enzymes predicted variations in the residues that interact with substrates. A mutation experiment on Mp mimosinase revealed that the disruption of a disulfide bond in the vicinity of the pyridoxal-5'-phosphate domain increased the enzyme's preference toward cystathionine. Treatment of Mp mimosinase with a disulfide-cleavage agent also decreased mimosinase activity. Furthermore, mutation near the conserved binding residue altered the substrate preference between mimosine and cystathionine. Molecular dynamics simulations of Mp mimosinase suggested a closer coordination of the residues that interact with mimosine at the active site compared with cystathionine, indicating a more compact pocket size for mimosine degradation. This study thus may provide new insights into the molecular diversification of CBL, a C-S lyase, into the C-N lyase mimosinase in the Mimosoideae subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Oogai
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Ko-rimoto, Kagoshima, 890-8580, Japan
| | - Masakazu Fukuta
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Ko-rimoto, Kagoshima, 890-8580, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Keiichi Watanabe
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Ko-rimoto, Kagoshima, 890-8580, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1, Honjo-machi, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Masashi Inafuku
- Molecular Biotechnology Group, Center of Molecular Bioscience, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Hirosuke Oku
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Ko-rimoto, Kagoshima, 890-8580, Japan.
- Molecular Biotechnology Group, Center of Molecular Bioscience, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan.
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Rodrigues-Corrêa KCDS, Honda MDH, Borthakur D, Fett-Neto AG. Mimosine accumulation in Leucaena leucocephala in response to stress signaling molecules and acute UV exposure. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 135:432-440. [PMID: 30482504 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Mimosine is a non-protein amino acid of Fabaceae, such as Leucaena spp. and Mimosa spp. Several relevant biological activities have been described for this molecule, including cell cycle blocker, anticancer, antifungal, antimicrobial, herbivore deterrent and allelopathic activities, raising increased economic interest in its production. In addition, information on mimosine dynamics in planta remains limited. In order to address this topic and propose strategies to increase mimosine production aiming at economic uses, the effects of several stress-related elicitors of secondary metabolism and UV acute exposure were examined on mimosine accumulation in growth room-cultivated seedlings of Leucaena leucocephala spp. glabrata. Mimosine concentration was not significantly affected by 10 ppm salicylic acid (SA) treatment, but increased in roots and shoots of seedlings treated with 84 ppm jasmonic acid (JA) and 10 ppm Ethephon (an ethylene-releasing compound), and in shoots treated with UV-C radiation. Quantification of mimosine amidohydrolase (mimosinase) gene expression showed that ethephon yielded variable effect over time, whereas JA and UV-C did not show significant impact. Considering the strong induction of mimosine accumulation by acute UV-C exposure, additional in situ ROS localization, as well as in vitro antioxidant assays were performed, suggesting that, akin to several secondary metabolites, mimosine may be involved in general oxidative stress modulation, acting as a hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion quencher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Cristine da Silva Rodrigues-Corrêa
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), P.O. Box CP 15005, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
| | - Michael D H Honda
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
| | - Dulal Borthakur
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
| | - Arthur Germano Fett-Neto
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), P.O. Box CP 15005, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Md Harun-Ur-Rashid, Iwasaki H, Parveen S, Oogai S, Fukuta M, Hossain MA, Anai T, Oku H. Cytosolic Cysteine Synthase Switch Cysteine and Mimosine Production in Leucaena leucocephala. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 186:613-32. [PMID: 29691793 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2745-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In higher plants, multiple copies of the cysteine synthase gene are present for cysteine biosynthesis. Some of these genes also have the potential to produce various kinds of β-substitute alanine. In the present study, we cloned a 1275-bp cDNA for cytosolic O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase (cysteine synthase) (Cy-OASTL) from Leucaena leucocephala. The purified protein product showed a dual function of cysteine and mimosine synthesis. Kinetics studies showed pH optima of 7.5 and 8.0, while temperature optima of 40 and 35 °C, respectively, for cysteine and mimosine synthesis. The kinetic parameters such as apparent Km, kcat were determined for both cysteine and mimosine synthesis with substrates O-acetylserine (OAS) and Na2S or 3-hydroxy-4-pyridone (3H4P). From the in vitro results with the common substrate OAS, the apparent kcat for Cys production is over sixfold higher than mimosine synthesis and the apparent Km is 3.7 times lower, suggesting Cys synthesis is the favored pathway.
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12
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Rashid MHU, Iwasaki H, Oogai S, Fukuta M, Parveen S, Hossain MA, Anai T, Oku H. Molecular characterization of cytosolic cysteine synthase in Mimosa pudica. J Plant Res 2018; 131:319-329. [PMID: 29181648 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-017-0986-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the cysteine and mimosine biosynthesis process, O-acetyl-L-serine (OAS) is the common substrate. In the presence of O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase (OASTL, cysteine synthase) the reaction of OAS with sulfide produces cysteine, while with 3-hydroxy-4-pyridone (3H4P) produces mimosine. The enzyme OASTL can either catalyze Cys synthesis or both Cys and mimosine. A cDNA for cytosolic OASTL was cloned from M. pudica for the first time containing 1,410 bp nucleotides. The purified protein product from overexpressed bacterial cells produced Cys only, but not mimosine, indicating it is Cys specific. Kinetic studies revealed that pH and temperature optima for Cys production were 6.5 and 50 °C, respectively. The measured Km, Kcat, and Kcat Km-1 values were 159 ± 21 µM, 33.56 s-1, and 211.07 mM-1s-1 for OAS and 252 ± 25 µM, 32.99 s-1, and 130.91 mM-1s-1 for Na2S according to the in vitro Cys assay. The Cy-OASTL of Mimosa pudica is specific to Cys production, although it contains sensory roles in sulfur assimilation and the reduction network in the intracellular environment of M. pudica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Harun-Ur- Rashid
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hironori Iwasaki
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shigeki Oogai
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masakazu Fukuta
- Graduate School of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Shahanaz Parveen
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Amzad Hossain
- Graduate School of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Anai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hirosuke Oku
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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Dal'Bó Pelegrini M, Pereira JB, Dos Santos Costa S, Salazar Terreros MJ, Degrossoli A, Giorgio S. Evaluation of hypoxia inducible factor targeting pharmacological drugs as antileishmanial agents. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:652-7. [PMID: 27393092 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) targeting pharmacological drugs, echinomycin, resveratrol and CdCl2 which inhibit HIF-1α stimulation, and mimosine, which enhances the stability of HIF-1α present antileishmanial properties. METHODS The leishmanicidal effect of drugs was evaluated in mouse macrophages and Balb/c mouse model for cutaneous leishmaniosis. RESULTS Resveratrol and CdCl2 reduced the parasite load [IC50, (27.3 ± 2.25) μM and (24.8 ± 0.95) μM, respectively]. The IC50 value of echinomycin was (22.7 ± 7.36) nM and mimosine did not alter the parasite load in primary macrophages. The macrophage viability IC50 values for resveratrol, echinomycin and CdCl2 and mimosine were >40 μM, >100 nM, >200 μM and>2000 μM, respectively. In vivo no differences between cutaneous lesions from control, resveratrol- and echinomycin-treated Balb/c mice were detected. CONCLUSIONS Resveratrol, echinomycin and CdCl2 reduce parasite survival in vitro. The HIF-1α targeting pharmacological drugs require further study to more fully determine their anti-Leishmania potential and their role in therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Dal'Bó Pelegrini
- Department of Animal Biology, Biology Institute, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Biar Pereira
- Department of Animal Biology, Biology Institute, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Solange Dos Santos Costa
- Department of Animal Biology, Biology Institute, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Degrossoli
- Department of Animal Biology, Biology Institute, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Selma Giorgio
- Department of Animal Biology, Biology Institute, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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14
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Derakhshani H, Corley SW, Al Jassim R. Isolation and characterization of mimosine, 3, 4 DHP and 2, 3 DHP degrading bacteria from a commercial rumen inoculum. J Basic Microbiol 2016; 56:580-5. [PMID: 26773324 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201500590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The presence of the toxic amino acid mimosine in Leucaena leucocephala restricts its use as a protein source for ruminants. Rumen bacteria degrade mimosine to 3,4- and 2,3-dihydroxypyridine (DHP), which remain toxic. Synergistes jonesii is believed to be the main bacterium responsible for degradation of these toxic compounds but other bacteria may also be involved. In this study, a commercial inoculum provided by the Queensland's Department of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Forestry was screened for isolation and characterization of mimosine, 3,4- and 2,3-DHP degrading bacterial strains. A new medium for screening of 2,3-DHP degrading bacteria was developed. Molecular and biochemical approaches used in this study revealed four bacterial isolates - Streptococcus lutetiensis, Clostridium butyricum, Lactobacillus vitulinus, and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens - to be able to completely degrade mimosine within 7 days of incubation. It was also observed that C. butyricum and L. vitulinus were able to partially degrade 2,3-DHP within 12 days of incubation, while S. lutetiensis, was able to fully degrade both 3,4 and 2,3 DHP. Collectively, we concluded that S. jonesii is not the sole bacterium responsible for detoxification of Leucaena. Comprehensive screening of rumen fluid of cattle grazing on Leucaena pastures is needed to identify additional mimosine-detoxifying bacteria and contribute to development of more effective inoculums to be used by farmers against Leucaena toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Derakhshani
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia.,Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sean W Corley
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
| | - Rafat Al Jassim
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
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15
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Abstract
Heterologous expression of eukaryotic genes in bacterial system is an important method in synthetic biology to characterize proteins. It is a widely used method, which can be sometimes quite challenging, as a number of factors that act along the path of expression of a transgene to mRNA, and mRNA to protein, can potentially affect the expression of a transgene in a heterologous system. Here, we describe a method for successful cloning and expression of mimosinase-encoding gene from Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) in E. coli as the heterologous host. Mimosinase is an important enzyme especially in the context of metabolic engineering of plant secondary metabolite as it catalyzes the degradation of mimosine, which is a toxic secondary metabolite found in all Leucaena and Mimosa species. We also describe the methods used for characterization of the recombinant mimosinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Singh Negi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Dulal Borthakur
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
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16
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Bottini-Luzardo M, Aguilar-Perez C, Centurion-Castro F, Solorio-Sanchez F, Ayala-Burgos A, Montes-Perez R, Muñoz-Rodriguez D, Ku-Vera J. Ovarian activity and estrus behavior in early postpartum cows grazing Leucaena leucocephala in the tropics. Trop Anim Health Prod 2015. [PMID: 26210396 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-015-0887-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The legume Leucaena leucocephala (Leucaena) is widely used to supplement forage in silvopastoral livestock systems in Latin America. Little is known about its possible effects on the cow reproductive dynamic. The aim was to evaluate the effect of Leucaena foliage intake on re-establishment of ovarian activity and estrus behavior in early postpartum (7-90 days) cows. Twenty-four multiparous Bos taurus × Bos indicus cows were divided into two homogenous groups and assigned to one of two treatments: a silvopastoral system (SS, n = 12), consisting of an association of Cynodon nlemfuensis grass and L. leucocephala; and a control system (CS, n = 12), consisting of C. nlemfuensis alone. Intake of Leucaena in the SS ranged from 3.80 to 6.43 kg DM/cow/day. Plasma mimosine concentrations ranged from 1270 to 1530 μg/mL, and those for 2,3-dihydroxypyridine (DHP) from 147 to 729 μg/mL. No 3,4-DHP was detected in plasma. No difference (P > 0.05) between treatments was observed for the number of cows exhibiting small, medium, or dominant follicles, or estrus behavior. The number of cows which re-established ovarian cyclicity (n = 6) was lower (P < 0.05) in the SS than in the CS (n = 9). Corpus luteum lifespan was longer (P < 0.05) in the SS than in the CS. Intake of Leucaena affected the number of cows exhibiting ovarian cyclicity and extended corpus luteum life, but did not affect follicular development and estrus behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bottini-Luzardo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Yucatan, Carretera Merida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5, 97100, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico.
| | - Carlos Aguilar-Perez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Yucatan, Carretera Merida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5, 97100, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Fernando Centurion-Castro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Yucatan, Carretera Merida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5, 97100, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Francisco Solorio-Sanchez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Yucatan, Carretera Merida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5, 97100, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Armin Ayala-Burgos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Yucatan, Carretera Merida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5, 97100, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Ruben Montes-Perez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Yucatan, Carretera Merida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5, 97100, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - David Muñoz-Rodriguez
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Yucatan, Periferico Norte Km. 33.5, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Juan Ku-Vera
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Yucatan, Carretera Merida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5, 97100, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
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17
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Fallon AM. Effects of mimosine on Wolbachia in mosquito cells: cell cycle suppression reduces bacterial abundance. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 51:958-63. [PMID: 26019119 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9918-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The plant allelochemical L-mimosine (β-[N-(3-hydroxy-4-pyridone)]-α-aminopropionic acid; leucenol) resembles the nonessential amino acid, tyrosine. Because the obligate intracellular alphaproteobacterium, Wolbachia pipientis, metabolizes amino acids derived from host cells, the effects of mimosine on infected and uninfected mosquito cells were investigated. The EC50 for mimosine was 6-7 μM with Aedes albopictus C7-10 and C/wStr cell lines, and was not influenced by infection status. Mosquito cells responded to concentrations of mimosine substantially lower than those used to synchronize the mammalian cell cycle; at concentrations of 30-35 μM, mimosine reversibly arrested the mosquito cell cycle at the G1/S boundary and inhibited growth of Wolbachia strain wStr. Although lower concentrations of mimosine slightly increased wStr abundance, concentrations that suppressed the cell cycle reduced Wolbachia levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Fallon
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
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18
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Benjakul S, Kittiphattanabawon P, Sumpavapol P, Maqsood S. Antioxidant activities of lead (Leucaena leucocephala) seed as affected by extraction solvent, prior dechlorophyllisation and drying methods. J Food Sci Technol 2014; 51:3026-37. [PMID: 26396295 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-012-0846-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Extracts of brown lead (Leucaena leucocephala) seed prepared using different extraction solvents were determined for antioxidative activities using different assays. The highest yield (3.4-4.0%) was obtained when water was used as an extraction solvent, compared with all ethanolic extracts used (1.2-2.0 %) (P < 0.05). Much lower chlorophyll content was found in the water extract. When hot water was used, the resulting extract contained lower total phenolic and mimosine contents (P < 0.05). In general, 60-80 % ethanolic extracts had higher 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and metal chelating activity than water extracts (P < 0.05). When brown lead seed was dechlorophyllised prior to extraction, the water extract had slightly increased yield with lower chlorophyll content. Nevertheless, prior chlorophyll removal resulted in the increase in antioxidative activities but lower total phenolic and mimosine contents (P < 0.05). Generally, phenolic compounds and mimosine were more released when water was used as the extraction solvent, while the lower amount of chlorophyll was extracted. Oven-drying exhibited the negative effect on antioxidative activities and mimosine content. The higher antioxidative activities with concomitant higher total phenolic and mimosine contents were found in water extract dried by freeze drying. Thus, extraction solvent, dechlorophyllisation and drying methods directly influenced the yield and antioxidative activity of lead seed extract.
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19
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Nirmal NP, Benjakul S. Inhibition of melanosis formation in Pacific white shrimp by the extract of lead (Leucaena leucocephala) seed. Food Chem 2011; 128:427-32. [PMID: 25212152 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Leucaena leucocephala) seed extract was prepared using distilled water as a medium. An extraction yield of 26.16g/100g of seed was obtained after extraction at room temperature for 12h. Total phenolic and mimosine contents in the lead seed extract powder (LSEP) were 17.4g GAE/100g and 8.8g/100g, respectively. LSEP at different concentrations (0.05%, 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1%, w/v) showed inhibitory activity towards polyphenoloxidase (PPO) of Pacific white shrimp in a dose dependent manner. When the whole Pacific white shrimp were treated with 0.25% and 0.5% (w/v) LSEP, the shrimp treated with 0.5% LSEP had the lower melanosis score throughout the storage of 12days and showed a higher score for colour and odour, as well as overall likeness, compared with the control (without treatment) and 1.25% sodium metabisulphite treated samples at day 12 (P<0.05). Meat of shrimps treated with LSEP at both levels had the increase in mimosine content up to 8days, suggesting the migration of mimosine into shrimp muscle during extended storage. Therefore, 0.5% LSEP can be used as a novel melanosis inhibitor for Pacific white shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Prakash Nirmal
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
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