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Chen J, Liu Y, Yang M, Shi X, Mei Y, Li J, Yang C, Pu S, Wen J. Analysis of the Differences in Volatile Organic Compounds in Different Rice Varieties Based on GC-IMS Technology Combined with Multivariate Statistical Modelling. Molecules 2023; 28:7566. [PMID: 38005287 PMCID: PMC10673298 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the flavour characteristics of aromatic, glutinous, and nonaromatic rice, gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) was used to analyse the differences in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) amongst different rice varieties. The results showed that 103 signal peaks were detected in these rice varieties, and 91 volatile flavour substances were identified. Amongst them, 28 aldehydes (28.89~31.17%), 24 alcohols (34.85~40.52%), 14 ketones (12.26~14.74%), 12 esters (2.30~4.15%), 5 acids (7.80~10.85%), 3 furans (0.30~0.68%), 3 terpenes (0.34~0.64%), and 2 species of ethers (0.80~1.78%) were detected. SIMCA14.1 was used to perform principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, and some potential character markers (VIP > 1) were further screened out of the 91 flavour substances identified based on the variable important projections, including ethanol, 1-hexanol, hexanal, heptanal, nonanal, (E)-2-heptenal, octanal, trans-2-octenal, pentanal, acetone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, acetic acid, and dimethyl sulphide. Based on the established fingerprint information, combined with principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, different rice varieties were also effectively classified, and the results of this study provide data references for the improvement in aromatic rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ying Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Mi Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xinmin Shi
- Lincang Seed Management Station, Lincang 677000, China
| | - Yuqin Mei
- Lincang Seed Management Station, Lincang 677000, China
| | - Juan Li
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chunqi Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shihuang Pu
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jiancheng Wen
- Rice Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.)
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Zhang Y, He Q, Zhang S, Man X, Sui Y, Jia G, Tang S, Zhi H, Wu C, Diao X. De novo creation of popcorn-like fragrant foxtail millet. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:2412-2415. [PMID: 37565564 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Popcorn aroma is a valuable flavor quality in cereals, but, despite more than ten thousand years of millet domestication, millet lacks traits that confer this desirable aroma. Here, we developed a popcorn-scented millet, providing an important resource for future breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Qiang He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shihui Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xinyu Man
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yi Sui
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guanqing Jia
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Sha Tang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Hui Zhi
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Chuanyin Wu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xianmin Diao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, 453000, China
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3
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Wang R, Mi K, Yuan X, Chen J, Pu J, Shi X, Yang Y, Zhang H, Zhang H. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Foliar Application Effectively Enhanced Zinc and Aroma Content in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Grains. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 16:36. [PMID: 37599294 PMCID: PMC10440332 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-023-00653-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The search for an effective zinc fertilizer and its application method to effectively increase zinc content and enhance aroma in rice grains is a crucial objective. In this study, a 2-year field plot experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of ZnO NPs foliar spraying on rice quality, grain zinc and aroma content, along with exploring the physiological mechanisms underlying these effects. Our results demonstrated that the rice breakdown value and taste value of foliar spraying zinc oxide nanoparticles were improved by 31.0-41.7% and 8.2-13.0% compared with CK (control treatment involved spraying water), improving the tasting and steaming quality of rice. While Fe and Cu content in grains decreased for the application of zinc oxide nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles foliar spraying significantly increased the zinc content and accumulation of grains by 33.6-65.1% and 37.8-74.7%, respectively. Further analysis showed that the sprayed zinc oxide nanoparticles achieved effective enrichment of zinc in edible parts and increased the final bioavailability of Zn. In addition, foliar spraying of zinc oxide nanoparticles significantly increased activities of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase in leaves, which elevated nitrogen content in leaves and grains, and ultimately enhanced 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) content in grains at maturity by 6.1-21.4% compared to CK. Our findings indicated that zinc oxide nanoparticles can be practically applied as a foliar fertilizer at the gestation for quality improvement, zinc enrichment and aroma enhancement of rice grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Kailiang Mi
- Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xijun Yuan
- Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jialing Pu
- Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xinyan Shi
- Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yanju Yang
- Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Hongcheng Zhang
- Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Wang Q, Li MJ, Zhang JE, Liu ZQ, Yang K, Li HR, Luo MZ. Suitable stocking density of fish in paddy field contributes positively to 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline synthesis in grain and improves rice quality. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:5126-5137. [PMID: 37005496 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fragrant rice is increasingly popular with the public owing to its fresh aroma, and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) is the main characteristic component of the aroma in fragrant rice. Rice-fish co-culture is an environmentally friendly practice in sustainable agriculture. However, the effect of rice-fish co-culture on 2-AP in grains has received little study. A conventional fragrant rice (Meixiangzhan 2) was used, and a related field experiment during three rice growing seasons was conducted to investigate the effects of rice-fish co-culture on 2-AP, as well as the rice quality, yield, plant nutrients, and precursors and enzyme activities of 2-AP biosynthesis in leaves. This study involved three fish stocking density treatments (i.e. 9000 (D1), 15 000 (D2), and 21 000 (D3) fish fries per hectare) and rice monocropping. RESULTS Rice-fish co-culture increased the 2-AP content in grains by 2.5-49.4% over that of the monocropping, with significant increases in the early and late rice seasons of 2020. Rice-fish co-culture treatments significantly promoted seed-setting rates by 3.39-7.65%, and improved leaf nutrients and rice quality. Notably, the D2 treatment significantly increased leaf total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total potassium (TK) contents and the head rice rate at maturity stage, while significantly decreased chalkiness degree. There was no significant difference in rice yield. CONCLUSION Rice-fish co-culture had positive effects on 2-AP synthesis, rice quality, seed-setting rates, and plant nutrient contents. The better stocking density of field fish for rice-fish co-culture in this study was 15 000 fish ha-1 . © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei-Juan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-En Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Qiang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Ru Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Hu S, Ren H, Song Y, Liu F, Qian L, Zuo F, Meng L. Analysis of volatile compounds by GCMS reveals their rice cultivars. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7973. [PMID: 37198224 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34797-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the similarity in the grain and difference in the market value among many rice varieties, deliberate mislabeling and adulteration has become a serious problem. To check the authenticity, we aimed to discriminate rice varieties based on their volatile organic compounds (VOCs) composition by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The VOC profiles of Wuyoudao 4 from nine sites in Wuchang were compared to 11 rice cultivar from other regions. Multivariate analysis and unsupervised clustering showed an unambiguous distinction between Wuchang rice and non-Wuchang rice. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) demonstrated a goodness of fit of 0.90 and a goodness of prediction of 0.85. The discriminating ability of volatile compounds is also supported by Random forest analysis. Our data revealed eight biomarkers including 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) that can be used for variation identification. Taken together, the current method can readily distinguish Wuchang rice from other varieties which it holds great potential in checking the authenticity of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengying Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150500, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
- Shandong Yanggu Huetai Chemical Co., Ltd., Shandong, 252300, China
| | - Hongbo Ren
- Quality and Safety Institute of Agricultural Products, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yong Song
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150500, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Quality and Safety Institute of Agricultural Products, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Lili Qian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Feng Zuo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Li Meng
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150500, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China.
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Shuochen J, Lihe Z, Fenqin H, Xiangru T, Bin D. Zinc supplementation and light intensity affect 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) formation in fragrant rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:194. [PMID: 37041465 PMCID: PMC10088174 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03954-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving the yield and aroma content of fragrant rice is the focus of fragrant rice research. Light and Zinc (Zn) management generally cause regulations in the 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) accumulation in fragrant rice. In addition, Zn promotes rice growth and improves rice yield, which has the potential to compensate for the negative impact of low light on fragrant rice yield. However, the potential of Zn to improve fragrant rice yield and 2AP content under shading conditions has not been verified. METHODS Field experiments were conducted in the rice season (May-September) in 2019 to 2021. Two light i.e., normal light (NL) and low light (LL) and four Zn levels i.e., 0 kg Zn ha- 1 (N0), 1 kg Zn ha- 1 (Zn1), 2 kg Zn ha- 1(Zn2), and 3 kg Zn ha- 1 (Zn3), which applied at booting stage was set up. The grain yield, 2AP contents, Zn content in polished rice, photosynthesis related indicators, MDA content, antioxidant enzyme activity and the biochemical parameters related to 2AP formation were investigated. RESULTS Shading reduced yield by 8.74% and increased 2AP content by 24.37%. In addition, shading reduced net photosynthetic rate (Pn), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), and increased proline, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (P5C), proline dehydrogenase (PDH), △1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid synthetase (P5CS), malondialdehyde (MDA). With increasing Zn application levels, yield, 2AP, Zn content in polished rice, Pn, proline, P5C, GABA, PDH, P5CS, SOD, CAT and POD increased, and MDA decreased. Significant Light and Zn interaction effect on 2AP content was detected, and both shading and increasing Zn application increased the 2AP content. CONCLUSION Shading can increase the 2AP content but reduce the yield of fragrant rice. Increasing Zn application under shading conditions can further promote the biosynthesis of 2AP, but the effect of improving yield is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Shuochen
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhang Lihe
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 434007, Guangdong, China
| | - Hu Fenqin
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Tang Xiangru
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Du Bin
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
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Wang J, Qiu Y, Zhang X, Zhou Z, Han X, Zhou Y, Qin L, Liu K, Li S, Wang W, Chen Y, Yang J, Liu L. Increasing basal nitrogen fertilizer rate improves grain yield, quality and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline in rice under wheat straw returning. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1099751. [PMID: 36714775 PMCID: PMC9878184 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1099751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Straw returning plays an essential role in crop yields and the sustainable development of agriculture. However, the effects and mechanisms of nitrogen (N) fertilizer management on grain yield, quality and aroma substance 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) content under wheat straw returning are still unclear. In this field experiment, two japonica rice cultivars were used as materials, wheat straw non-returning (NS) and wheat straw full returning (WS) were designed coupled with two N application ratios, namely basal fertilizer: tiller fertilizer: panicle fertilizer =5:1:4 (local farmers' fertilizer practice, LFP) and 7:1:2 (increasing basal fertilizer rate, IBF) under the total N application rate of 270 kg ha-1. The effects of the four treatment combinations (NS-LFP, NS-IBF, WS-LFP, WS-IBF) on yield, cooking and eating quality, and 2-AP content in rice were investigated. The two-year (2020, 2021) results showed that: 1) WS-IBF significantly increased the number of panicles and grains per panicle, leading to the increase in grain yield by 6.67%-12.21%, when compared with NS-LFP, NS-IBF and WS-LFP. 2) WS-IBF enhanced the taste value, peak viscosity, breakdown value, the ratio of amylopectin to amylose, and the ratio of glutelin to prolamin while reducing the setback value and amylose content of rice flour. 3) Compared with NS, WS increased the activities of proline dehydrogenase and ornithine transaminase, the synthetic precursors of 2-AP, and finally increased 2-AP content in rice grains. WS-IBF slightly decreased 2-AP content, but there was no significant difference with WS-LFP. The above results indicated that adjusting the N regime and increasing basal N fertilizer rate under wheat straw returning is conducive to improving grain yield, cooking and eating quality, and 2-AP content in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xingyu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xian Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Li Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Weilu Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianchang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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8
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Sreenivasulu N, Zhang C, Tiozon RN, Liu Q. Post-genomics revolution in the design of premium quality rice in a high-yielding background to meet consumer demands in the 21st century. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100271. [PMID: 35576153 PMCID: PMC9251384 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The eating and cooking quality (ECQ) of rice is critical for determining its economic value in the marketplace and promoting consumer acceptance. It has therefore been of paramount importance in rice breeding programs. Here, we highlight advances in genetic studies of ECQ and discuss prospects for further enhancement of ECQ in rice. Innovations in gene- and genome-editing techniques have enabled improvements in rice ECQ. Significant genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been shown to regulate starch composition, thereby affecting amylose content and thermal and pasting properties. A limited number of genes/QTLs have been identified for other ECQ properties such as protein content and aroma. Marker-assisted breeding has identified rare alleles in diverse genetic resources that are associated with superior ECQ properties. The post-genomics-driven information summarized in this review is relevant for augmenting current breeding strategies to meet consumer preferences and growing population demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nese Sreenivasulu
- Consumer Driven Grain Quality and Nutrition Unit, Rice Breeding and Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños 4030, Philippines.
| | - Changquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Rhowell N Tiozon
- Consumer Driven Grain Quality and Nutrition Unit, Rice Breeding and Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños 4030, Philippines; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Qiaoquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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9
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An HS-GC-IMS analysis of volatile flavor compounds in brown rice flour and brown rice noodles produced using different methods. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Singh G, Gopala Krishnan S, Kumar A, Vinod KK, Bollinedi H, Ellur RK, Nagarajan M, Bhowmick PK, Madhav SM, Singh K, Singh AK. Molecular profiling of BADH2 locus reveals distinct functional allelic polymorphism associated with fragrance variation in Indian aromatic rice germplasm. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1013-1027. [PMID: 35722518 PMCID: PMC9203650 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01181-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Allelic variability of the aroma gene, betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (BADH2) was studied in a random subset of indigenous aromatic rice germplasm along with a few exotic aromatic accessions. Use of functional markers of four badh2 alleles identified that the test panel possessed only two alleles, badh2-E7 and badh2-p-5'UTR. Two other alleles, badh2.2 and badh2-E4-5.2 were absent. Based on the alleles present, four functional polymorphisms (FP) were detected, namely FP1 to FP4. 188 genotypes possessed FP1 having both the badh2-p-5'UTR and badh2-E7 (71.8%) alleles. The badh2 allele with FP1 is named badh2-E7-p. 39 genotypes (14.9%) possessed only the badh2-p-5'UTR allele (FP3), while three genotypes were found to carry only the badh2-E7 allele (FP2). We also found that 32 genotypes (12.2%) did not have any of the target aroma alleles tested in this study (FP4). Interestingly, for badh2-p-5'UTR marker, the expected 198 bp amplicon for the non-aromatic allele could not be detected among any of the genotypes tested. Instead, an amplicon of 456 bp length appeared with 100% presence in the non-aromatic checks. Notwithstanding, the 456 bp allele also showed a 16% presence among the aromatic lines. This article forms the first report of this allele, named badh2-p1, among aromatic rice. Quantification of 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline (2AP) content and sensory evaluation among the test genotypes showed that those with FP1 are highly aromatic than the genotypes carrying other types of FPs. But, a few strongly aromatic lines showed lower 2AP content. The BADH2 characterization carried out in this study is suggestive of identifying the additional gene(s)/ allele(s) governing aroma among the Indian fragrant rice. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01181-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - S. Gopala Krishnan
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Faculty of Science, School of Biotechnology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - K. K. Vinod
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Haritha Bollinedi
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Ranjith K. Ellur
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - M. Nagarajan
- Rice Breeding and Genetics Research Centre, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Aduthurai, Tamil Nadu 612101 India
| | - P. K. Bhowmick
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - S. M. Madhav
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, Telangana 500030 India
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, 502324 India
| | - Ashok K. Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
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11
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Zhang D, Tang S, Xie P, Yang D, Wu Y, Cheng S, Du K, Xin P, Chu J, Yu F, Xie Q. Creation of fragrant sorghum by CRISPR/Cas9. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:961-964. [PMID: 35142064 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum, the fifth largest cereal crop, has high value as a staple food and raw material for liquor and vinegar brewing. Due to its high biomass and quality, it is also used as the second most planted silage resource. No fragrant sorghums are currently on the market. Through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of SbBADH2, we obtained sorghum lines with extraordinary aromatic smell in both seeds and leaves. Animal feeding experiments showed that fragrant sorghum leaves were attractable. We believe this advantage will produce great value in the sorghum market for both grain and whole biomass forage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sanyuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Peng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Dekai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yaorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shujing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Kai Du
- Animal Facility Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Peiyong Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Feifei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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12
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Hui S, Li H, Mawia AM, Zhou L, Cai J, Ahmad S, Lai C, Wang J, Jiao G, Xie L, Shao G, Sheng Z, Tang S, Wang J, Wei X, Hu S, Hu P. Production of aromatic three-line hybrid rice using novel alleles of BADH2. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:59-74. [PMID: 34465003 PMCID: PMC8710899 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Aroma is a key grain quality trait that directly influences the market price of rice globally. Loss of function of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (OsBADH2) affects the biosynthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP), which is responsible for aroma in fragrant rice. The current study was aimed at creating new alleles of BADH2 using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology under the genetic background of the japonica Ningjing 1 (NJ1) and indica Huang Huazhan (HHZ) varieties. Sensory evaluation and analysis using headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) showed that the grains of the four homozygous T1 lines with new alleles of BADH2 (nj1-cr BADH2 -1, nj1-cr BADH2 -2, hhz-cr BADH2 -1 and hhz-cr BADH2 -2) produced moderate fragrance and had significantly increased 2-AP content compared with wild-types. Moreover, there were no significant differences in the amylose content and gelatinization temperature among the four lines with new alleles of BADH2 to the wild-types. Thereafter, we crossed the HHZ background new alleles of BADH2 with CMS line Taonong 1A (TN1A) to produce a three-line hybrid variety B-Tao-You-Xiangzhan (BTYXZ) with increased grain aroma. The 2-AP content in grains of the improved BTYXZ-1 and BTYXZ-2 reached at 26.16 and 18.74 μg/kg, and the gel consistency of BTYXZ-1 and BTYXZ-2 increased significantly by 9.1% and 6.5%, respectively, compared with the wild-type Tao-You-Xiangzhan (TYXZ). However, the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content in the improved three-line hybrid rice BTYXZ-1 (5.6 mg/100 g) and BTYXZ-2 (10.7 mg/100 g) was significantly lower than that of the TYXZ. These results demonstrated that CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology could be successfully utilized in improving aroma in non-fragrant japonica and indica varieties. In addition, the newly developed BADH2 alleles provided important genetic resources for grain aroma improvement in three-line hybrid rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suozhen Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Center for Rice ImprovementChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Huijuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Center for Rice ImprovementChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Amos Musyoki Mawia
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Center for Rice ImprovementChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Liang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Center for Rice ImprovementChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Jinyang Cai
- Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural SciencesJiaxingChina
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Center for Rice ImprovementChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Changkai Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Center for Rice ImprovementChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Jingxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Center for Rice ImprovementChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Guiai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Center for Rice ImprovementChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Lihong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Center for Rice ImprovementChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Gaoneng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Center for Rice ImprovementChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Zhonghua Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Center for Rice ImprovementChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Shaoqing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Center for Rice ImprovementChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | | | - Xiangjin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Center for Rice ImprovementChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Shikai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Center for Rice ImprovementChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Peisong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Center for Rice ImprovementChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
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13
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Phitaktansakul R, Kim KW, Aung KM, Maung TZ, Min MH, Somsri A, Lee W, Lee SB, Nam J, Kim SH, Lee J, Kwon SW, Nawade B, Chu SH, Park SW, Kang KK, Cho YH, Lee YS, Chung IM, Park YJ. Multi-omics analysis reveals the genetic basis of rice fragrance mediated by betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2. J Adv Res 2021; 42:303-314. [PMID: 36513420 PMCID: PMC9788947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fragrance is an important economic and quality trait in rice. The trait is controlled by the recessive gene betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (BADH2) via the production of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP). OBJECTIVES Variation in BADH2 was evaluated at the population, genetic, transcriptional, and metabolic levels to obtain insights into fragrance regulation in rice. METHODS Whole-genome resequencing of the Korean World Rice Collection of 475 rice accessions, including 421 breeding lines and 54 wild accessions, was performed. Transcriptome analyses of a subset of 279 accessions, proteome analyses of 64 accessions, and volatile profiling of 421 breeding lines were also performed. RESULTS We identified over 3.1 million high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Korean rice collection. Most SNPs were present in intergenic regions (79%), and 190,148 SNPs (6%) were located in the coding sequence, of which 53% were nonsynonymous. In total, 38 haplotypes were identified in the BADH2 coding region, including four novel haplotypes (one in cultivated and three in wild accessions). Tajima's D values suggested that BADH2 was under balancing selection in japonica rice. Furthermore, we identified 316 expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), including 185 cis-eQTLs and 131 trans-eQTLs, involved in BADH2 regulation. A protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) analysis revealed the presence of trans-pQTLs; 13 pQTLs were mapped 1 Mbp from the BADH2 region. Based on variable importance in projection (VIP) scores, 15 volatile compounds, including 2AP, discriminated haplotypes and were potential biomarkers for rice fragrance. CONCLUSION We generated a catalog of haplotypes based on a resequencing analysis of a large number of rice accessions. eQTLs and pQTLs associated with BADH2 gene expression and protein accumulation are likely involved in the regulation of 2AP variation in fragrant rice. These data improve our understanding of fragrance and provide valuable information for rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungnapa Phitaktansakul
- Department of Plant Resources, College of Industrial Sciences, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Won Kim
- Center of Crop Breeding on Omics and Artificial Intelligence, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyaw Myo Aung
- Department of Plant Resources, College of Industrial Sciences, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Thant Zin Maung
- Department of Plant Resources, College of Industrial Sciences, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Hyeon Min
- Department of Plant Resources, College of Industrial Sciences, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Aueangporn Somsri
- Department of Plant Resources, College of Industrial Sciences, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Wondo Lee
- Seedpia, 85 Maesil-ro, Kwonsun-ku, Suwon 16395, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Beom Lee
- Department of Plant Resources, College of Industrial Sciences, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungrye Nam
- Center of Crop Breeding on Omics and Artificial Intelligence, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyun Lee
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Wook Kwon
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Bhagwat Nawade
- Department of Plant Resources, College of Industrial Sciences, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Chu
- Center of Crop Breeding on Omics and Artificial Intelligence, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Park
- Chemical Safety Division, National Institute of Agriculture Science (NIAS), Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon Kyoo Kang
- Department of Horticultural Life Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Hyun Cho
- Seedpia, 85 Maesil-ro, Kwonsun-ku, Suwon 16395, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sang Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ill-Min Chung
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors at: Department of Plant Resources, College of Industrial Sciences, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea (Yong-Jin Park); Department of Applied Bioscience, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea (Ill-Min Chung).
| | - Yong-Jin Park
- Department of Plant Resources, College of Industrial Sciences, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Republic of Korea,Center of Crop Breeding on Omics and Artificial Intelligence, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors at: Department of Plant Resources, College of Industrial Sciences, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea (Yong-Jin Park); Department of Applied Bioscience, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea (Ill-Min Chung).
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14
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Luo H, Duan M, Kong L, He L, Chen Y, Wang Z, Tang X. The Regulatory Mechanism of 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline Biosynthesis in Fragrant Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) Under Different Soil Moisture Contents. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:772728. [PMID: 34899799 PMCID: PMC8660968 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.772728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) is the key compound of rice aroma. However, the responses of 2-AP biosynthesis in fragrant rice under different soil moisture and the corresponding mechanism are little known. The present study evaluated the effects of different soil moisture on 2-AP biosynthesis through a pot experiment. Four soil moisture contents, that is, 50% (SM50), 40% (SM40), 30% (SM30), and 20% (SM20), were adopted, and SM50 treatment was taken as control. The pots were weighed and watered to maintain the corresponding soil moisture content. The results showed no significant difference in growth parameters (plant height, stem diameter, and plant dry weight) among all treatments. Compared with SM50, SM40, SM30, and SM20 treatments significantly (p<0.05) increased 2-AP content by 32.81, 23.18, and 53.12%, respectively. Between 20 to 90% higher proline content was observed in SM40, SM30, and SM20 treatments than in SM50. Enzymes including proline dehydrogenase, ornithine transaminase, and 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase exhibited lower activities with soil moisture declined. Higher diamine oxidase activity was observed in SM40, SM30, and SM20 treatments compared with SM50, and real-time PCR analyses showed that transcript level of DAO1 was greatly increased under low soil moisture treatments, especially in SM20 treatment. Transcript levels of PRODH, DAO2, DAO4, DAO5, OAT, P5CS1, and P5CS2 decreased or maintained in SM40, SM30, and SM20 treatments compared with SM50. We deduced that low soil moisture content enhanced 2-AP biosynthesis mainly by upregulating the expression of DAO1 to promote the conversion from putrescine to 2-AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agricultural Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Aromatic Rice, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiyang Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agricultural Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Aromatic Rice, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leilei Kong
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding/Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longxin He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agricultural Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Aromatic Rice, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulin Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangru Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agricultural Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Aromatic Rice, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Integrated Analysis of Metabolome and Volatile Profiles of Germinated Brown Rice from the Japonica and Indica Subspecies. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102448. [PMID: 34681497 PMCID: PMC8535935 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, germinated brown rice (GBR) from three Japonica and three Indica rice cultivars were subjected to metabolomics analysis and volatile profiling. The statistical assessment and pathway analysis of the metabolomics data demonstrated that in spite of significant metabolic changes in response to the germination treatment, the Japonica rice cultivars consistently expressed higher levels of several health-promoting compounds, such as essential amino acids and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), than the Indica cultivars. No clear discriminations of the volatile profiles were observed in light of the subspecies, and the concentrations of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including alkenes, aldehydes, furans, ketones, and alcohols, all exhibited significant reductions ranging from 26.8% to 64.1% after the germination. The results suggest that the Japonica cultivars might be desirable as the raw materials for generating and selecting GBR food products for health-conscious consumers.
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16
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Wang Y, Liu X, Zheng X, Wang W, Yin X, Liu H, Ma C, Niu X, Zhu JK, Wang F. Creation of aromatic maize by CRISPR/Cas. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1664-1670. [PMID: 33934500 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aroma is an important quality parameter for breeding in rice (Oryza sativa). For example, the aromatic rice varieties basmati and jasmine rice, with a popcorn-like scent, are popular worldwide and routinely command a price premium. 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) is a key flavor compound among over 200 volatiles identified in fragrant rice. A naturally fragrant germplasm exists in multiple plant species besides rice, which all exhibit lower activity of BETAINE ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE 2 (BADH2). However, no equivalent aromatic germplasm has been described in maize (Zea mays). Here, we characterized the two maize BADH2 homologs, ZmBADH2a and ZmBADH2b. We generated zmbadh2a and zmbadh2b single mutants and the zmbadh2a-zmbadh2b double mutant by CRISPR/Cas in four inbred lines. A popcorn-like scent was only noticeable in seeds from the double mutant, but not from either single mutant or in wild type. In agreement, we only detected 2AP in fresh kernels and dried mature seeds from the double mutant, which accumulated between 0.028 and 0.723 mg/kg 2AP. These results suggest that ZmBADH2a and ZmBADH2b redundantly participate in 2AP biosynthesis in maize, and represent the creation of the world's first aromatic maize by simultaneous genome editing of the two BADH2 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Bellagen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Xiuxiu Zheng
- Bellagen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Wenxia Wang
- Bellagen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Xunqing Yin
- Bellagen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Bellagen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Changle Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xiaomu Niu
- Bellagen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
- Bellagen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Jinan, 250000, China
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17
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Potcho PM, Okpala NE, Korohou T, Imran M, Kamara N, Zhang J, Aloryi KD, Tang X. Nitrogen sources affected the biosynthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, cooked rice elongation and amylose content in rice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254182. [PMID: 34264963 PMCID: PMC8282057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have been carried out on N sources effect on fragrant rice; however, their impact on rice grain quality is largely unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effects of different types of N sources on rice growth, yield, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP), amylose and cooked rice elongation. Two indica rice cultivars, Basmati 385 (B385), Xiangyaxiangzhan (XYXZ) and two japonica cultivars, Yunjingyou (YJY), Daohuaxiang (DHX) were grown in experimental pots with six replications under four N sources: Potassium nitrate (KNO3), ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3), urea (H2NCONH2) and sodium nitrate (NaNO3) in 2019 and 2020 early seasons. Our results showed that N dynamics regulated the number of panicles, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, amylose and cooked rice elongation across all the four treatments. The NH4HCO3 treatment significantly increased the number of panicles and grain yield across the four rice varieties compared with KNO3, H2NCONH2 and NaNO3 N sources in both 2019 and 2020 early season, The KNO3 treatment significantly showed higher 1000-grain weight in B-385, YJY, XYXZ and DHX compared to other N sources. Compared with other N sources treatment, the NH4HCO3 treatments significantly increased the 2AP contents in heading stage leaves, matured leaves and grains of B-385, YJY, XYXZ and DHX respectively. Cooked rice elongation percentage also showed significant difference in all treatments studied with KNO3 recorded the highest across the four varieties. Analysis of major enzymes and compounds such as P5C, P5CS, PDH, Pyrroline, proline and Methylglyoxal showed remarkable differences in each cultivar at heading and maturity stages with higher activity in NH4HCO3 and H2NCONH2 treatments. Similarly, in all treatments, we also observed significant increase in amylose content percentage, with NH4HCO3 having greater percentage of amylose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouwedeou Mouloumdema Potcho
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nnaemeka Emmanuel Okpala
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tchalla Korohou
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Muhammad Imran
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nabieu Kamara
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute (SLARI), Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Jisheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kelvin Dodzi Aloryi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangru Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Huang S, Rao G, Ashraf U, Deng Q, Dong H, Zhang H, Mo Z, Pan S, Tang X. Ultrasonic seed treatment improved morpho-physiological and yield traits and reduced grain Cd concentrations in rice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 214:112119. [PMID: 33714137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rice cultivation under cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil often results in reduced growth with excess grain Cd concentrations. A pot experiment was conducted to assess the potential of ultrasonic seed treatment to alleviate Cd stress in rice. Seeds of two aromatic rice cultivars i.e., Xiangyaxiangzhan and Meixiangzhan 2 and two non-aromatic rice cultivars i.e., Huahang 31 and Guangyan 1 were exposed to ultrasonic waves for 1.5 min in 20-40 KHz mixing frequency. The experimental treatments were comprised of untreated seeds (U0) and ultrasonic treated seeds (U1) transplanted in un-contaminated soil (H0) and Cd-contaminated soil (H1). Results revealed that Cd contents and Cd accumulation in grain in U1 were 33.33-42.31% and 12.86-57.58% lower than U0 for fragrant rice cultivars under H1. Meanwhile, biomass production was higher in U1 than U0 under H0 and better yield was assessed in U1 for all cultivars under H1. The activity of peroxidase (POD) in flag leaves was increased by 8.28-115.65% for all cultivars while malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were significantly decreased in U1 compared with U0 under H0. Conclusively, ultrasonic treatment modulated Cd distribution and accumulation in different parts while improved physiological performance as well as yield and grain quality of rice under Cd contaminated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suihua Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Gangshun Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Umair Ashraf
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China; Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, 54770 Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Quanqing Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hao Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huailin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhaowen Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shenggang Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiangru Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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19
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20
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Luo H, Zhang T, Zheng A, He L, Lai R, Liu J, Xing P, Tang X. Exogenous proline induces regulation in 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) biosynthesis and quality characters in fragrant rice (Oryza sativa L.). Sci Rep 2020; 10:13971. [PMID: 32811903 PMCID: PMC7434779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70984-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Proline is one of the precursors of the biosynthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) which is the key and characteristic volatile component of fragrant rice aroma. In order to study the effects of exogenous proline on 2-AP biosynthesis and other grain quality attributes in fragrant rice, two indica fragrant rice cultivars, "Meixiangzhan-2" and "Xiangyaxiangzhan", and one japonica fragrant rice, "Yunjingyou", were used in present study. At initial heading stage, proline solutions at 0 (CK), 0.10 (Pro1), 0.20 (Pro2) and 0.50 (Pro3) g L-1 were applied as foliar spray solution to fragrant rice plants. Compared with CK, Pro1, Pro2 and Pro3 treatments significantly increased the grain 2-AP content. The significant up-regulation effects due to proline treatments were observed in the contents of proline, △1-pyrrolidine-5-carboxylic acid (P5C) and △1-pyrroline which involved in 2-AP formation. Exogenous proline application also significantly decreased the grain γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content. Furthermore, proline treatments enhanced the activity of proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) as well as transcript level of gene PRODH. On the other hand, the transcript level of gene BADH2 and activity of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) decreased under proline treatments. Proline treatments (Pro2 and Pro3) also increased the grain protein content by 3.57-6.51%. Moreover, 32.03-34.25% lower chalky rice rate and 30.80-48.88% lower chalkiness were recorded in proline treatments (Pro2 and Pro3) for both Meixiangzhan and Xiangyaxiangzhan whilst for Yunjingyou, foliar application of proline had no significant effect on chalky rice rate and chalkiness. There was no remarkable difference observed in grain milled quality (brown rice rate, milled rice rate and head rice rate) and amylose content between CK and proline treatments. In conclusion, exogenous proline enhanced the 2-AP biosynthesis and promoted some grain quality characters of fragrant rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Tantan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Axiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Longxin He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Rifang Lai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhai Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Pipeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangru Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China. .,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Okpala NE, Potcho MP, An T, Ahator SD, Duan L, Tang X. Low temperature increased the biosynthesis of 2-AP, cooked rice elongation percentage and amylose content percentage in rice. J Cereal Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2020.102980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Verma DK, Srivastav PP. A paradigm of volatile aroma compounds in rice and their product with extraction and identification methods: A comprehensive review. Food Res Int 2020; 130:108924. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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23
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Melini V, Melini F. Asian grain-based food products and the European scheme for food protected designations of origin: A critical analysis. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Rice-duck co-culture benefits grain 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline accumulation and quality and yield enhancement of fragrant rice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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