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Ye T, Ma T, Chen Y, Liu C, Jiao Z, Wang X, Xue H. The role of redox-active small molecules and oxidative protein post-translational modifications in seed aging. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108810. [PMID: 38857563 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Seed vigor is a crucial indicator of seed quality. Variations in seed vigor are closely associated with seed properties and storage conditions. The vigor of mature seeds progressively declines during storage, which is called seed deterioration or aging. Seed aging induces a cascade of cellular damage, including impaired subcellular structures and macromolecules, such as lipids, proteins, and DNA. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signaling molecules during seed aging causing oxidative damage and triggering programmed cell death (PCD). Mitochondria are the main site of ROS production and change morphology and function before other organelles during aging. The roles of other small redox-active molecules in regulating cell and seed vigor, such as nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), were identified later. ROS, NO, and H2S typically regulate protein function through post-translational modifications (PTMs), including carbonylation, S-glutathionylation, S-nitrosylation, and S-sulfhydration. These signaling molecules as well as the PTMs they induce interact to regulate cell fate and seed vigor. This review was conducted to describe the physiological changes and underlying molecular mechanisms that in seed aging and provides a comprehensive view of how ROS, NO, and H2S affect cell death and seed vigor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Tianxiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Hua Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Pang X, Huang Y, Xiao N, Wang Q, Feng B, Ali Shad M. Effect of EVA film and chitosan coating on quality and physicochemical characteristics of mango fruit during postharvest storage. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101169. [PMID: 38357366 PMCID: PMC10864215 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a major tropical fruit, but a short postharvest life hampers marketing. The objective of this work is to assess the influence of a novel nanocomposite poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) film and Chitosan (CTS) affect on mango postharvest quality while stored at 20 °C. The results showed that the film coating treatment reduced the decay rate and weight loss of mangoes, maintaining good postharvest quality of mango fruit. The film coating treatment increased the antioxidant capacity of mangoes by inhibiting PPO activity and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. ACS, ACO, and ethylene release were all suppressed, as well as the expression of the ethylene receptors genes ETR1, ETR2, and ERS2, thus delaying mango aging. After harvest, the EVA treatment was superior to the CTS treatment in mango preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Pang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yumi Huang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Naiyu Xiao
- College of Light Industry and Food Science, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Vegetable Postharvest Treatment of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition (IAPN), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Bihong Feng
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Munsif Ali Shad
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Lv T, Li J, Zhou L, Zhou T, Pritchard HW, Ren C, Chen J, Yan J, Pei J. Aging-Induced Reduction in Safflower Seed Germination via Impaired Energy Metabolism and Genetic Integrity Is Partially Restored by Sucrose and DA-6 Treatment. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:659. [PMID: 38475505 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Seed storage underpins global agriculture and the seed trade and revealing the mechanisms of seed aging is essential for enhancing seed longevity management. Safflower is a multipurpose oil crop, rich in unsaturated fatty acids that are at high risk of peroxidation as a contributory factor to seed aging. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for safflower seed viability loss are not yet elucidated. We used controlled deterioration (CDT) conditions of 60% relative humidity and 50 °C to reduce germination in freshly harvested safflower seeds and analyzed aged seeds using biochemical and molecular techniques. While seed malondialdehyde (MDA) and fatty acid content increased significantly during CDT, catalase activity and soluble sugar content decreased. KEGG analysis of gene function and qPCR validation indicated that aging severely impaired several key functional and biosynthetic pathways including glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism, antioxidant activity, and DNA replication and repair. Furthermore, exogenous sucrose and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6) treatment partially promoted germination in aged seeds, further demonstrating the vital role of impaired sugar and fatty acid metabolism during the aging and recovery processes. We concluded that energy metabolism and genetic integrity are impaired during aging, which contributes to the loss of seed vigor. Such energy metabolic pathways as glycolysis, fatty acid degradation, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) are impaired, especially fatty acids produced by the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols during aging, as they are not efficiently converted to sucrose via the glyoxylate cycle to provide energy supply for safflower seed germination and seedling growth. At the same time, the reduced capacity for nucleotide synthesis capacity and the deterioration of DNA repair ability further aggravate the damage to DNA, reducing seed vitality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lanyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hugh W Pritchard
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming 650201, China
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst, Ardingly, Haywards Heath RH17 6TN, West Sussex, UK
| | - Chaoxiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jie Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jin Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
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Liang H, Gu B, Sun W, Li B, Qu H, Tao D, Zhang Q, Wang T, Ma Y, Wang Y, Wu Z, Zhang Q. Mechanistic insights into nitrogen-induced changes in pasting characteristics of rice during storage based on proteomics analysis. Food Chem X 2023; 20:101018. [PMID: 38144749 PMCID: PMC10740089 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.101018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen application delays rice quality deterioration due to changes in its pasting characteristics; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using a label-free quantitative proteomics approach, we identified differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) during storage in paddy rice treated with different nitrogen levels. On combining the changes in physiological indicators, high-nitrogen treatment was found to downregulate β-1,3-glucanase, reduce the decomposition of cell wall components, downregulate three proteins involved in starch metabolism, decrease the range of the amylose content and increase the range of the amylopectin, upregulate three proteins related to the lysosomal pathway, and enhance glutelin degradation. In addition, it upregulated three proteins related to flavonoid synthesis, which enhanced the stress response ability of rice, thereby contributing to the stability of biological macromolecules. The discovery of these key DEPs provides potential targets for further control over the deterioration of crop seed storage quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanling Liang
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baiyu Gu
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wentao Sun
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hang Qu
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongbing Tao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yichao Ma
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajie Wang
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxia Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinghai Zhang
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, People’s Republic of China
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Yi K, Yue J, Yang S, Jiang Y, Hong L, Zeng H, Wei K, Mao P, Sun Y, Dou L, Li M. Germination of aged oat seeds associated with changes in antioxidant enzyme activity and storage compounds mobilization. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14020. [PMID: 37882312 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Germination of aged seeds may be associated with specific metabolic changes. The objective of this study was to examine physiological and metabolic alterations before and after germination of control and aged oat (Avena sativa) seeds. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and the level of storage compounds were measured in the embryo and endosperm at 0, 4, 16, and 32 h of imbibition for control seeds and 0, 4, 16, 32, and 60 h of imbibition for medium vigor seeds after artificially accelerated aging; metabolomic changes were determined in embryos at 16 and 32 h of seed imbibition. In aged oat seeds, superoxide dismutase activity and catalase activity increased in the late imbibition stage. The content of soluble sugars decreased significantly in the later stages of imbibition, while the content of proteins increased in 32 h of seed imbibition eventually producing mannitol and proline. The mobilization of fat in deteriorated seeds was mainly through the sphingolipid metabolic pathway generated by cell growth-promoting dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate. Ascorbic acid, avenanthramide and proline levels increased significantly at 60 h of imbibition, playing an important role in the germination of aged oat seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yi
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaming Yue
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangfeng Yang
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwei Jiang
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Liu Hong
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanguo Zeng
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wei
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peisheng Mao
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liru Dou
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Manli Li
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Pereira Neto LG, Rossini BC, Marino CL, Toorop PE, Silva EAA. Comparative Seeds Storage Transcriptome Analysis of Astronium fraxinifolium Schott, a Threatened Tree Species from Brazil. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213852. [PMID: 36430327 PMCID: PMC9696909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Astronium fraxinifolium Schott (Anacardiaceae), also known as a 'gonçalo-alves', is a tree of the American tropics, with distribution in Mexico, part of Central America, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay. In Brazil it is an endangered species that occurs in the Cerrado, Caatinga and in the Amazon biomes. In support of ex situ conservation, this work aimed to study two accessions with different longevity (p50) of A. fraxinifolium collected from two different geographic regions, and to evaluate the transcriptome during aging of the seeds in order to identify genes related to seed longevity. Artificial ageing was performed at a constant temperature of 45 °C and 60% relative humidity. RNA was extracted from 100 embryonic axes exposed to control and aging conditions for 21 days. The transcriptome analysis revealed differentially expressed genes such as Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) genes, genes involved in the photosystem, glycine rich protein (GRP) genes, and several transcription factors associated with embryo development and ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. Thus, these results contribute to understanding which genes play a role in seed ageing, and may serve as a basis for future functional characterization of the seed aging process in A. fraxinifolium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Cesar Rossini
- Biotechnology Institute, São Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu 18607-440, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Celso Luis Marino
- Biotechnology Institute, São Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu 18607-440, Brazil
- Departament of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Peter E. Toorop
- Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, West Sussex RH17 6TN, UK
| | - Edvaldo Aparecido Amaral Silva
- Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil
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Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Oat ( Avena sativa L.) WRKY Transcription Factor Family. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101918. [PMID: 36292803 PMCID: PMC9601435 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The WRKY family is widely involved in the regulation of plant growth and stress response and is one of the largest gene families related to plant environmental adaptation. However, no systematic studies on the WRKY family in oat (Avena sativa L.) have been conducted to date. The recently published complete genome sequence of oat enables the systematic analysis of the AsWRKYs. Based on a genome-wide study of oat, we identified 162 AsWRKYs that were unevenly distributed across 21 chromosomes; a phylogenetic tree of WRKY domains divided these genes into three groups (I, II, and III). We also analyzed the gene duplication events and identified a total of 111 gene pairs that showed strong purifying selection during the evolutionary process. Surprisingly, almost all genes evolved after the completion of subgenomic differentiation of hexaploid oat. Further studies on the functional analysis indicated that AsWRKYs were widely involved in various biological processes. Notably, expression patterns of 16 AsWRKY genes revealed that the response of AsWRKYs were affected by stress level and time. In conclusion, this study provides a reference for further analysis of the role of WRKY transcription factors in species evolution and functional differentiation.
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Kim DS, Kim QW, Kim H, Kim HJ. Changes in the chemical, physical, and sensory properties of rice according to its germination rate. Food Chem 2022; 388:133060. [PMID: 35483295 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to decipher the association among the physicochemical properties, sensory quality, and germination rate of rice samples stored at different storage conditions and for different durations (stored at 10, 20, and 30 °C for 8 months). The germination rate of the samples varied from 0.3 to 98.7%. A reduced germination rate increased the lipid oxidation, hardness, and most pasting properties of rice, whereas seed viability, moisture content, and adhesiveness were reduced. Amylose and protein contents were not influenced by the changes in germination rate. However, with a decrease in germination rate, the surface endosperm cells were aggregated, whereas the sizes of inner endosperm cells in cooked rice were reduced. Several metabolites involved in rice sensory quality were also altered, and a related pathway was proposed. Collectively, these results suggest that germination rate could serve as a potential indicator to track the changes in rice quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Shin Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongsang, Republic of Korea
| | - Qui Woung Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Research Group of Consumer Safety, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Research Group of Consumer Safety, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongsang, Republic of Korea; Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Four), Department of Food Science & Technology, and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongsang, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Sun M, Sun S, Mao C, Zhang H, Ou C, Jia Z, Wang Y, Ma W, Li M, Jia S, Mao P. Dynamic Responses of Antioxidant and Glyoxalase Systems to Seed Aging Based on Full-Length Transcriptome in Oat (Avena sativa L.). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020395. [PMID: 35204277 PMCID: PMC8869221 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed aging is a major challenge for food security, agronomic production, and germplasm conservation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and methylglyoxal (MG) are highly involved in the aging process. However, the regulatory mechanisms controlling the abundance of ROS and MG are not well characterized. To characterize dynamic response of antioxidant and glyoxalase systems during seed aging, oat (Avena sativa L.) aged seeds with a range of germination percentages were used to explore physiological parameters, biochemical parameters and relevant gene expression. A reference transcriptome based on PacBio sequencing generated 67,184 non-redundant full-length transcripts, with 59,050 annotated. Subsequently, eleven seed samples were used to investigate the dynamic response of respiration, ROS and MG accumulation, antioxidant enzymes and glyoxalase activity, and associated genes expression. The 48 indicators with high correlation coefficients were divided into six major response patterns, and were used for placing eleven seed samples into four groups, i.e., non-aged (Group N), higher vigor (Group H), medium vigor (Group M), and lower vigor (Group L). Finally, we proposed a putative model for aging response and self-detoxification mechanisms based on the four groups representing different aging levels. In addition, the outcomes of the study suggested the dysfunction of antioxidant and glyoxalase system, and the accumulation of ROS and MG definitely contribute to oat seed aging.
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Ciacka K, Tyminski M, Gniazdowska A, Krasuska U. Nitric Oxide as a Remedy against Oxidative Damages in Apple Seeds Undergoing Accelerated Ageing. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010070. [PMID: 35052574 PMCID: PMC8772863 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed ageing is associated with a high concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) seeds belong to the orthodox type. Due to a deep dormancy, they may be stored in dry condition at 5 °C for a long time, without viability loss. In the laboratory, artificial ageing of apple seeds is performed by imbibition in wet sand at warm temperature (33 °C). The aim of the work was to study nitric oxide (NO) as a seed vigour preservation agent. Embryos isolated from apple seeds subjected to accelerated ageing for 7, 14, 21 or 40 days were fumigated with NO. Embryo quality was estimated by TTC and MDA tests. ROS level was confirmed by NBT staining. We analysed the alteration in transcript levels of CAT, SOD and POX. NO fumigation of embryos of seeds aged for 21 days stimulated germination and increased ROS level which correlated to the elevated expression of RBOH. The increased total antioxidant capacity after NO fumigation was accompanied by the increased transcript levels of genes encoding enzymatic antioxidants, that could protect against ROS overaccumulation. Moreover, post-aged NO application diminished the nitro-oxidative modification of RNA, proving NO action as a remedy in oxidative remodelling after seeds ageing.
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Liu T, Liu X, Zhou R, Chen H, Zhang H, Zhang B. De novo Transcriptome Assembly and Comparative Analysis Highlight the Primary Mechanism Regulating the Response to Selenium Stimuli in Oats ( Avena sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:625520. [PMID: 34220876 PMCID: PMC8249945 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.625520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential microelement for humans and animals. The specific processing technique of oats can maximize the preservation of its nutrients. In this study, to understand the genetic response of oats in a high-selenium environment, oats were treated with sodium selenate for 24 h, and transcriptome analysis was performed. A total of 211,485,930 clean reads composing 31.30 Gb of clean data were retained for four samples. After assembly, 186,035 unigenes with an average length of 727 bp were generated, and the N50 length was 1,149 bp. Compared with that in the control group, the expression of 7,226 unigenes in the treatment group was upregulated, and 2,618 unigenes were downregulated. Based on the sulfur assimilation pathway and selenocompound metabolic pathway, a total of 27 unigenes related to selenate metabolism were identified. Among them, the expression of both key genes APS (ATP sulfurylase) and APR (adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase) was upregulated more than 1,000-fold under selenate treatment, while that of CBL (cystathionine-β-synthase) was upregulated 3.12-fold. Based on the transcriptome analysis, we suspect that the high-affinity sulfur transporter Sultr1;2 plays a key role in selenate uptake in oats. A preliminary regulatory mechanism explains the oat response to selenate treatment was ultimately proposed based on the transcriptome analysis and previous research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota (AEPB), Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Xining, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Rangrang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota (AEPB), Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Xining, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota (AEPB), Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Xining, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huaigang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota (AEPB), Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Xining, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota (AEPB), Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Xining, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhang K, Zhang Y, Sun J, Meng J, Tao J. Deterioration of orthodox seeds during ageing: Influencing factors, physiological alterations and the role of reactive oxygen species. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 158:475-485. [PMID: 33250322 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Seed viability is an important trait in agriculture which directly influences seedling emergence and crop yield. However, even when stored under optimal conditions, all seeds will eventually lose their viability. Our primary aims were to describe factors influencing seed deterioration, determine the morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes that occur during the process of seed ageing, and explore the mechanisms involved in seed deterioration. High relative humidity and high temperature are two factors that accelerate seed deterioration. As seeds age, frequently observed changes include membrane damage and the destruction of organelle structure, an increase in the loss of seed leachate, decreases of respiratory rates and ATP production, and a loss of enzymatic activity. These phenomena could be inter-related and reflect the general breakdown in cellular organization. Many processes can result in seed ageing; it is likely that oxidative damage caused by free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) is primarily responsible. ROS can have vital interactions with any macromolecule of biological interest that result in damage to various cellular components caused by protein damage, lipid peroxidation, chromosomal abnormalities, and DNA lesions. Further, ROS may also cause programmed cell death by inducing the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores and the release of cytochrome C. Some repairs can occur in the early stages of imbibition, but repair processes fail if sufficient damage has been caused to critical functional components. As a result, a given seed will lose its viability and eventually fail to germinate in a relatively short time period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keliang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Jing Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Jiasong Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Jun Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
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Wang K, Li C, Lei C, Jiang Y, Qiu L, Zou X, Zheng Y. β-aminobutyric acid induces priming defence against Botrytis cinerea in grapefruit by reducing intercellular redox status that modifies posttranslation of VvNPR1 and its interaction with VvTGA1. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 156:552-565. [PMID: 33059266 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Either NPR1 or TGA1 serve as master redox-sensitive transcriptional regulators for the transcription of PR genes in plants. The redox modification of the two co-activators involved in BABA-induced priming resistance against Botrytis cinerea in grapes was examined in this study. The results showed that 10 mmol L-1 BABA could effectively trigger a priming defense in grapes as manifested by augmented expression levels of PR genes upon inoculation with B. cinerea. Moreover, transcriptome profiling analysis revealed that all of the sets of key genes in the enzymatic ROS scavenging system, the PPP and AsA-GSH cycle were in harmony and were transcriptionally induced in BABA-primed grapes with pathogenic infection; in addition, this enhanced expression caused the accelerated accumulation of reductive substances, namely, AsA, GSH and NADPH, resulting in reduced intercellular conditions. Under reduced conditions, the interaction of VvTGA1 and VvNPR1 in the Y2H assay implied that VvTGA1 can provide the DNA binding capacity required by VvNPR1 for activation of VvPR genes. Consequently, the transactivation of VvNPR1 by the promoters of VvPR1, VvPR2 and VvPR5 was determined via a DLR assay, and it induced the transcription of the VvPR genes. In parallel, the redox-modified reducing condition achieved with an abundant supply of reductive substances was closely associated with the translocation of NPR1 for interaction with TGA in the nucleus. Thus, the posttranslational modification and subsequent interaction of the two redox-sensitive co-activators of VvNPR1 and VvTGA1 under reduced conditions may be responsible for BABA-induced priming for effective disease resistance in grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaituo Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China; College of Life and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404000, PR China
| | - Chunhong Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Changyi Lei
- College of Life and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404000, PR China
| | - Yongbo Jiang
- College of Life and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404000, PR China
| | - Linglan Qiu
- College of Life and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404000, PR China
| | - Xinyi Zou
- College of Life and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404000, PR China
| | - Yonghua Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Comparative Physiological and Proteomic Analysis Reveals Different Involvement of Proteins during Artificial Aging of Siberian Wildrye Seeds. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9101370. [PMID: 33076425 PMCID: PMC7650541 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Seed aging has an important effect on the germplasm preservation and industrialized production of Siberian wildrye (Elymus sibiricus) in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. However, so far its underlying molecular mechanisms still largely remain unknown. To shed light on this topic, one-year stored seeds of E. sibiricus were exposed to artificial aging treatments (AAT), followed by seed vigor characteristics and physiological status monitoring. Then global proteomics analysis was undertaken by the tandem mass tags (TMT) technique, and the proteins were quantified with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry on three aging time points (0 h, 36 h and 72 h). Finally, we verified the expression of related proteins by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). Our results demonstrated that the seed vigor decreased remarkably in response to artificial aging, but the relative ion-leakage and malondialdehyde content, superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide showed the opposite situation. Proteomic results showed that a total of 4169 proteins were identified and quantified. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated that a series of key pathways including carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and antioxidant activity were severely damaged by aging treatments. Numerous key proteins such as glyceraldehyde triphosphate glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, lipoxygenase, peroxidase, glutathione-s-transferase and late embryogenesis abundant proteins were significantly down-regulated. However, the up-regulation of the heat shock protein family has made a positive contribution to oxidative stress resistance in seeds. This study provides a useful catalog of the E. sibiricus proteomes with insights into the future genetic improvement of seed storability.
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