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Dong R, Leng T, Wang Y, Gan B, Yu Q, Xie J, Du Q, Zhu M, Chen Y. Full composition-wide association study identifies the chemical markers to distinguish different processed camellia oils: Integrating multi-targets with chemometrics. Food Chem 2024; 463:141217. [PMID: 39276554 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.141217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
To identify chemical-markers from hot-pressed, cold-pressed, organic-solvent, aqueous-enzymatic and water extracted camellia oils (HPO, CPO, OSO, AEO, WEO). We report a full composition-wide association study based on GC-MS, LC-MS and 1HNMR. Squalene, β-amyrin and lupeol were potential-markers in distinguishing different oils through GC-MS. Naringenin, FA 18:1 + 10, undecanedioic acid and tridecanedioic acid exhibited were up-regulated in HPO. 16-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid and 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid were potential-metabolites in CPO. Characteristic-markers in WEO were hydroquinidine and undecanedioic acid. Gallic acid, hydroquinidine, lichesterylic acid and 7,4'-dihydroxyflavone were biomarkers in AEO. Oleic acid, linoleic acid and triacylglycerols may be potential key markers to distinguish AEO from others via 1HNMR. Finally, Naringenin, gallic acid, kaempferol, 7,4'-dihydroxyflavone, (Z)-5,8,11-trihydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid and β-amyrin were screened and validate through integration of nonglyceride minor components and trace metabolites. Results provided understanding of chemical diversity for different processed-camellia oils, and proposed a complementary strategy to distinguish different camellia oils for multidimensional perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Tuo Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Bei Gan
- Jiangxi Provincial Product Quality Supervision Testing College, Nanchang 330029, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Qianwen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Mengting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
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Li Y, Li Z, Ran Q, Wang P. Sterols in ferroptosis: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies. Trends Mol Med 2024:S1471-4914(24)00221-1. [PMID: 39256109 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a novel cell death mode driven by iron-dependent phospholipid (PL) peroxidation, has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatments of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and ischemic-reperfusion injury (IRI). PL peroxidation, the key process of ferroptosis, requires polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-containing PLs (PL-PUFAs) as substrates, undergoing a chain reaction with iron and oxygen. Cells prevent ferroptosis by maintaining a homeostatic equilibrium among substrates, processes, and detoxification of PL peroxidation. Sterols, lipids abundant in cell membranes, directly participate in PL peroxidation and influence ferroptosis sensitivity. Sterol metabolism also plays a key role in ferroptosis, and targeting sterols presents significant potential for treating numerous ferroptosis-associated disorders. This review elucidates the fundamental mechanisms of ferroptosis, emphasizing how sterols modulate this process and their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxu Li
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zan Li
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiao Ran
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Cai Y, Shi Z, Zhao P, Yang Y, Cui Y, Tian M, Wang J. Temporal transcriptome and metabolome study revealed molecular mechanisms underlying rose responses to red spider mite infestation and predatory mite antagonism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1436429. [PMID: 39224847 PMCID: PMC11368075 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1436429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Red spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) infestation (SMI) is a detrimental factor for roses grown indoors. Although predatory mite (Neoseiulus californicus) antagonism (PMA) is often utilized to alleviate SMI damage, little is known about the defensive response of greenhouse-grown roses to SMI and the molecular mechanism by which PMA protects roses. Methods To determine the transcriptome and metabolome responses of roses to SMI and PMA, the leaves of a rose cultivar ("Fairy Zixia/Nightingale") were infested with T. urticae, followed by the introduction of predator mite. Leaf samples were collected at various time points and subjected to transcriptome and metabolome analyses. Results We found that 24 h of SMI exerted the most changes in the expression of defense-related genes and metabolites in rose leaves. KEGG pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and metabolites revealed that rose responses to SMI and PMA were primarily enriched in pathways such as sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis, benzoxazinoid biosynthesis, stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid and gingerol biosynthesis, phytosterol biosynthesis, MAPK signaling pathway, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and other pathways associated with resistance to biotic stress. Rose reacted to SMI and PMA by increasing the expression of structural genes and metabolite levels in phytosterol biosynthesis, mevalonate (MVA) pathway, benzoxazinoid biosynthesis, and stilbenoid biosynthesis. In addition, PMA caused a progressive recover from SMI, allowing rose to revert to its normal growth state. PMA restored the expression of 190 essential genes damaged by SMI in rose leaves, including transcription factors DRE1C, BH035, MYB14, EF110, WRKY24, NAC71, and MY108. However, after 144 h of PMA treatment, rose responsiveness to stimulation was diminished, and after 192 h, the metabolic levels of organic acids and lipids were recovered in large measure. Conclusion In conclusion, our results offered insights on how roses coordinate their transcriptome and metabolome to react to SMI and PMA, therefore shedding light on how roses, T. urticae, and N. californicus interact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Cai
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Flower Technology Innovation Center, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Seed Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ziming Shi
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Flower Technology Innovation Center, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Seed Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Peifei Zhao
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Flower Technology Innovation Center, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Seed Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yingjie Yang
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Flower Technology Innovation Center, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Seed Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yinshan Cui
- Yunnan Pulis Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Min Tian
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Flower Technology Innovation Center, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Seed Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jihua Wang
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Flower Technology Innovation Center, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Seed Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Huo R, Yang WJ, Liu Y, Liu T, Li T, Wang CY, Pan BS, Wang BL, Guo W. Stigmasterol: Remodeling gut microbiota and suppressing tumor growth through Treg and CD8+ T cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155225. [PMID: 38678948 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most primary malignant liver tumor and is ranked as the fifth most common malignancy worldwide. Despite various therapeutic approaches being used in clinical practice, the overall effectiveness remains insufficient. Stigmasterol, a compound known for its anti-tumor properties and ability to induce apoptosis in tumor cells, has been found to influenced the composition of the intestinal microbiota. However, the mechanism through which stigmasterol influences the intestinal microbial-host crosstalk in HCC remains elusive. PURPOSE This study was to investigate whether stigmasterol can remodel gut microbiota, and suppress tumor volume by regulating Treg and IFN-γ+ CD8+ cell in the host with HCC. METHOD Stigmasterol (at dosages of 0, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) was orally administered to Balb/c mice with subcutaneous tumor once every 2 days for 3 weeks. RESULTS We first found that tumors volume in the group treated with 100 mg/kg stigmasterol were significantly decreased compared with those in the control group (P < 0.05), which exhibited a similar effect as the sorafenib treatment in mice with HCC. This resulted in a significant upregulation of Caspase3, Bax, and P53 expressions, as well as a decrease in Cyclin D1 expression, ultimately leading to a reduction in tumor volume. Additionally, stigmasterol can alter the α and β diversity of the intestinal flora and significantly increase the abundance of Lactobacillus_johnsonii, Lactobacillus_murinus, and Lactobacillus_reuteri (P<0.05), which can lead to a decrease in the ratio of regulatory T cells (Tregs) to CD8+ T cells in the intestinal tract and tumor tissue, and consequently enhance immune response in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in the host with HCC. CONCLUSION In this study, we initially utilized different dosages of stigmasterol to intervene in mice with HCC and confirmed its inhibitory effects on tumor growth in vivo, and discovered that stigmasterol affected Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus murinus, and Lactobacillus reuteri, resulting in an increased proportion of IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells and Treg cells in both the intestinal mucosa and tumor tissues, and ultimately leading to increased levels of apoptotic proteins and the subsequent death of tumor cells, which shed light on the effect of stigmasterol on host intestinal tissue and intratumoral immune cells by reshaping the intestinal microbiota, and provide a theoretical foundation for the potential clinical application of stigmasterol in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Huo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Te Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chu-Yu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bai-Shen Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wusong Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei-Li Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wusong Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cancer Center, Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wusong Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cancer Center, Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Der C, Courty PE, Recorbet G, Wipf D, Simon-Plas F, Gerbeau-Pissot P. Sterols, pleiotropic players in plant-microbe interactions. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:524-534. [PMID: 38565452 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Plant-microbe interactions (PMIs) are regulated through a wide range of mechanisms in which sterols from plants and microbes are involved in numerous ways, including recognition, transduction, communication, and/or exchanges between partners. Phytosterol equilibrium is regulated by PMIs through expression of genes involved in phytosterol biosynthesis, together with their accumulation. As such, PMI outcomes also include plasma membrane (PM) functionalization events, in which phytosterols have a central role, and activation of sterol-interacting proteins involved in cell signaling. In spite (or perhaps because) of such multifaceted abilities, an overall mechanism of sterol contribution is difficult to determine. However, promising approaches exploring sterol diversity, their contribution to PMI outcomes, and their localization would help us to decipher their crucial role in PMIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Der
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, University of Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | | | - Ghislaine Recorbet
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, University of Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Daniel Wipf
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, University of Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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Guo W, Zhao Y, Xu H, Xia Y, Tao L, You X. PgDDS Changes the Plant Growth of Transgenic Aralia elata and Improves the Production of Re and Rg 3 in Its Leaves. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1945. [PMID: 38339223 PMCID: PMC10856007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem is a medicinal plant that shares a common pathway for the biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins with Panax ginseng. Here, we transferred the dammarenediol-II synthase gene from P. ginseng (PgDDS; GenBank: AB122080.1) to A. elata. The growth of 2-year-old transgenic plants (L27; 9.63 cm) was significantly decreased compared with wild-type plants (WT; 74.97 cm), and the leaflet shapes and sizes of the transgenic plants differed from those of the WT plants. Based on a terpene metabolome analysis of leaf extracts from WT, L13, and L27 plants, a new structural skeleton for ursane-type triterpenoid saponins was identified. Six upregulated differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were detected, and the average levels of Rg3 and Re in the leaves of the L27 plants were 42.64 and 386.81 μg/g, respectively, increased significantly compared with the WT plants (15.48 and 316.96 μg/g, respectively). Thus, the expression of PgDDS in A. elata improved its medicinal value.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiangling You
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (W.G.); (Y.Z.); (H.X.); (Y.X.); (L.T.)
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Tang H, Dong H, Guo X, Cheng M, Li M, Chen Q, Yuan Z, Pu Z, Wang J. Identification of candidate gene for the defective kernel phenotype using bulked segregant RNA and exome capture sequencing methods in wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1173861. [PMID: 37342127 PMCID: PMC10277647 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1173861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is a significant source of protein and starch worldwide. The defective kernel (Dek) mutant AK-3537, displaying a large hollow area in the endosperm and shrunken grain, was obtained through ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) treatment of the wheat cultivar Aikang 58 (AK58). The mode of inheritance of the AK-3537 grain Dek phenotype was determined to be recessive with a specific statistical significance level. We used bulked segregant RNA-seq (BSR-seq), BSA-based exome capture sequencing (BSE-seq), and the ΔSNP-index algorithm to identify candidate regions for the grain Dek phenotype. Two major candidate regions, DCR1 (Dek candidate region 1) and DCR2, were identified on chromosome 7A between 279.98 and 287.93 Mb and 565.34 and 568.59 Mb, respectively. Based on transcriptome analysis and previous reports, we designed KASP genotyping assays based on SNP variations in the candidate regions and speculated that the candidate gene is TraesCS7A03G0625900 (HMGS-7A), which encodes a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase. One SNP variation located at position 1,049 in the coding sequence (G>A) causes an amino acid change from Gly to Asp. The research suggests that functional changes in HMGS-7A may affect the expression of key enzyme genes involved in wheat starch syntheses, such as GBSSII and SSIIIa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huixue Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojiang Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengping Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Maolian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhien Pu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jirui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Bootter MB, Li J, Zhou W, Edwards D, Batley J. Diversity of Phytosterols in Leaves of Wild Brassicaceae Species as Compared to Brassica napus Cultivars: Potential Traits for Insect Resistance and Abiotic Stress Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091866. [PMID: 37176924 PMCID: PMC10180710 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Phytosterols are natural compounds found in all higher plants that have a wide variety of roles in plant growth regulation and stress tolerance. The phytosterol composition can also influence the development and reproductive rate of strict herbivorous insects and other important agronomic traits such as temperature and drought tolerance in plants. In this study, we analysed the phytosterol composition in 18 Brassica napus (Rapeseed/canola) cultivars and 20 accessions belonging to 10 related wild Brassicaceae species to explore diverse and novel phytosterol profiles. Plants were grown in a controlled phytotron environment and their phytosterols were analysed using a saponification extraction method followed by GC-MS from the leaf samples. The B. napus cultivars showed slight diversity in eight phytosterols (>0.02%) due to the genotypic effect, whereas the wild accessions showed significant variability in their phytosterol profiles. Of interest, a number of wild accessions were found with high levels of campesterol (HIN20, HIN23, HUN27, HIN30, SARS2, and UPM6563), stigmasterol (UPM6813, UPM6563, ALBA17, and ALBA2), and isofucosterol (SARS12, SAR6, and DMU2). These changes in individual phytosterols, or ratios of phytosterols, can have a significant implication in plant tolerance to abiotic stress and plant insect resistance properties, which can be used in breeding for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Li
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Wenxu Zhou
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - David Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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Chen Q, Guo C, Liu Z, Cao M, Wang W, Zhang D, Geng H, Diao N, Chen D. Multifunctional nanoparticles with anti-inflammatory effect for improving metabolic syndromes. J Drug Target 2023; 31:286-295. [PMID: 36315421 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2142595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndromes are a group of metabolic disorders for which the molecular mechanisms are still unclear. An increasing number of studies have implicated metabolic syndrome in the association with inflammation. Currently, lipsomes is known to improve nanoparticle hydrophobicity. Meanwhile, in drug delivery systems the application of cholesterol, which is commonly used to stabilise liposomal structures, has essentially no pharmacological effect on liposomes. Herein, we developed an 'anti-inflammatory liposome' (Phy-Lip) to effectively handle these challenges via employing Phytosterol instead of cholesterol. Different with the conventional liposomes, Phy-Lip is a much more brilliant nanoparticle with anti-inflammatory functions. In Phy-Lip, cholesterol was substituted by Phy, which works as membrane stabiliser, anti-inflammatory adjuvant at the same time. The experimental results show that Phy-Lip has a strong anti-inflammatory effect, and improves Metabolic syndromes. This study aims to provide a way to solve the challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Chunjing Guo
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Zhongxin Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Min Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Wenxin Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Hongxu Geng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Ningning Diao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Daquan Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, PR China
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Zhang X, Wang J, Zhu L, Wang X, Meng F, Xia L, Zhang H. Advances in Stigmasterol on its anti-tumor effect and mechanism of action. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1101289. [PMID: 36578938 PMCID: PMC9791061 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1101289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stigmasterol is a phytosterol derived from multiple herbaceous plants such as herbs, soybean and tobacco, and it has received much attention for its various pharmacological effects including anti-inflammation, anti-diabetes, anti-oxidization, and lowering blood cholesterol. Multiple studies have revealed that stigmasterol holds promise as a potentially beneficial therapeutic agent for malignant tumors because of its significant anti-tumor bioactivity. It is reported that stigmasterol has anti-tumor effect in a variety of malignancies (e.g., breast, lung, liver and ovarian cancers) by promoting apoptosis, inhibiting proliferation, metastasis and invasion, and inducing autophagy in tumor cells. Mechanistic study shows that stigmasterol triggers apoptosis in tumor cells by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, while its anti-proliferative activity is mainly dependent on its modulatory effect on cyclin proteins and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK). There have been multiple mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor effect of stigmasterol, which make stigmasterol promising as a new anti-tumor agent and provide insights into research on its anti-tumor role. Presently, stigmasterol has been poorly understood, and there is a paucity of systemic review on the mechanism underlying its anti-tumor effect. The current study attempts to conduct a literature review on stigmasterol for its anti-tumor effect to provide reference for researchers and clinical workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jiayun Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xuezhen Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Feifei Meng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Hairong Zhang, ; Lei Xia,
| | - Hairong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Hairong Zhang, ; Lei Xia,
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Grapevine leaves (Vitis vinifera): Chemical characterization of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity during leave development. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Burciaga-Monge A, López-Tubau JM, Laibach N, Deng C, Ferrer A, Altabella T. Effects of impaired steryl ester biosynthesis on tomato growth and developmental processes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:984100. [PMID: 36247562 PMCID: PMC9557751 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.984100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Steryl esters (SE) are stored in cytoplasmic lipid droplets and serve as a reservoir of sterols that helps to maintain free sterols (FS) homeostasis in cell membranes throughout plant growth and development, and provides the FS needed to meet the high demand of these key plasma membrane components during rapid plant organ growth and expansion. SE are also involved in the recycling of sterols and fatty acids released from membranes during plant tissues senescence. SE are synthesized by sterol acyltransferases, which catalyze the transfer of long-chain fatty acid groups to the hydroxyl group at C3 position of FS. Depending on the donor substrate, these enzymes are called acyl-CoA:sterol acyltransferases (ASAT), when the substrate is a long-chain acyl-CoA, and phospholipid:sterol acyltransferases (PSAT), which use a phospholipid as a donor substrate. We have recently identified and preliminary characterized the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom) SlASAT1 and SlPSAT1 enzymes. To gain further insight into the biological role of these enzymes and SE biosynthesis in tomato, we generated and characterized CRISPR/Cas9 single knock-out mutants lacking SlPSAT1 (slpsat1) and SlASAT1 (slasat1), as well as the double mutant slpsat1 x slasat1. Analysis of FS and SE profiles in seeds and leaves of the single and double mutants revealed a strong depletion of SE in slpsat1, that was even more pronounced in the slpsat1 x slasat1 mutant, while an increase of SE levels was observed in slasat1. Moreover, SlPSAT1 and SlASAT1 inactivation affected in different ways several important cellular and physiological processes, like leaf lipid bo1dies formation, seed germination speed, leaf senescence, and the plant size. Altogether, our results indicate that SlPSAT1 has a predominant role in tomato SE biosynthesis while SlASAT1 would mainly regulate the flux of the sterol pathway. It is also worth to mention that some of the metabolic and physiological responses in the tomato mutants lacking functional SlPSAT1 or SlASAT1 are different from those previously reported in Arabidopsis, being remarkable the synergistic effect of SlASAT1 inactivation in the absence of a functional SlPSAT1 on the early germination and premature senescence phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Burciaga-Monge
- Plant Synthetic Biology and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Manel López-Tubau
- Plant Synthetic Biology and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalie Laibach
- Plant Synthetic Biology and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cuiyun Deng
- Plant Synthetic Biology and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Ferrer
- Plant Synthetic Biology and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Altabella
- Plant Synthetic Biology and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Braga ÍDO, Carvalho da Silva TL, Belo Silva VN, Rodrigues Neto JC, Ribeiro JADA, Abdelnur PV, de Sousa CAF, Souza MT. Deep Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis to Further Characterize the Adaptation Response of Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp. to Very High Salinity Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:869105. [PMID: 35665181 PMCID: PMC9161747 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.869105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The multipurpose tree Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp. adapts to a very high level of salt stress (≥20 dS m-1) and resumes the production of new leaves around 2 weeks after losing all leaves due to abrupt salinity stress. The integration of metabolome and transcriptome profiles from gliricidia leaves points to a central role of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway in the short-term response to salinity stress. In this study, a deeper untargeted metabolomics analysis of the leaves and roots of young gliricidia plants was conducted to characterize the mechanism(s) behind this adaptation response. The polar and lipidic fractions from leaf and root samples were extracted and analyzed on a UHPLC.ESI.Q-TOF.HRMS system. Acquired data were analyzed using the XCMS Online, and MetaboAnalyst platforms, via three distinct and complementary strategies. Together, the results obtained first led us to postulate that these plants are salt-excluding plants, which adapted to high salinity stress via two salt-excluding mechanisms, starting in the canopy-severe defoliation-and concluding in the roots-limited entry of Na. Besides that, it was possible to show that the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway plays a role throughout the entire adaptation response, starting in the short term and continuing in the long one. The roots metabolome analysis revealed 11 distinct metabolic pathways affected by salt stress, and the initial analysis of the two most affected ones-steroid biosynthesis and lysine biosynthesis-led us also to postulate that the accumulation of lignin and some phytosterols, as well as lysine biosynthesis-but not degradation, play a role in promoting the adaptation response. However, additional studies are necessary to investigate these hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Patrícia Verardi Abdelnur
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Brazil
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroenergy, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Manoel Teixeira Souza
- Graduate Program of Plant Biotechnology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroenergy, Brasília, Brazil
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14
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Song W, Zhang C, Wu J, Qi J, Hua X, Kang L, Yuan Q, Yuan J, Xue Z. Characterization of Three Paris polyphylla Glycosyltransferases from Different UGT Families for Steroid Functionalization. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:1669-1680. [PMID: 35286065 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plant steroid glycosides, such as phytosterol glycosides, steroidal saponins, and steroidal glycoalkaloids, are natural products with great pharmaceutical values. In this study, we characterized three UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) involved in the glycosylation of steroidal sapogenin from Paris polyphylla. Substrate specificity analysis revealed that UGT73CR1 could glycosylate steroidal sapogenins and steroidal alkaloids, with the highest affinity for diosgenin. The residues His27 and Asp129 of UGT73CR1 are conserved in corresponding positions of plant glycosyltransferases, which are crucial for activating the C-3 OH of the receptor substrates. In comparison, UGT80A33 and UGT80A34 exhibited a higher affinity for cholesterol than other steroids. UGT80s have a larger active pocket, which allows them to accommodate the side chain of sterols. In summary, we assessed three P. polyphylla glycosyltransferases from two UGT families for the functionalization of steroidal molecules, which will provide a basis for the future biomanufacturing of diverse bioactive steroid glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Chunchun Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Jiali Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Jianzhao Qi
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang 150040, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xin Hua
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Liping Kang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qiang Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Jifeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zheyong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Plant Bioactive Substance Biosynthesis and Utilization College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang 150040, China
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15
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Winkler MBL, Nel L, Frain KM, Dedic E, Olesen E, Pedersen BP. Sterol uptake by the NPC system in eukaryotes: a Saccharomyces cerevisiae perspective. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:160-179. [PMID: 34897668 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sterols are an essential component of membranes in all eukaryotic cells and the precursor of multiple indispensable cellular metabolites. After endocytotic uptake, sterols are integrated into the lysosomal membrane by the Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) system before redistribution to other membranes. The process is driven by two proteins that, together, compose the NPC system: the lysosomal sterol shuttle protein NPC2 and the membrane protein NPC1 (named NCR1 in fungi), which integrates sterols into the lysosomal membrane. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae NPC system provides a compelling model to study the molecular mechanism of sterol integration into membranes and sterol homeostasis. This review summarizes recent advances in the field, and by interpreting available structural data, we propose a unifying conceptual model for sterol loading, transfer and transport by NPC proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael B L Winkler
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Lynette Nel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Kelly M Frain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Emil Dedic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Esben Olesen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Denmark
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16
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Gangaram S, Naidoo Y, Dewir YH, El-Hendawy S. Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Barleria (Acanthaceae). PLANTS 2021; 11:plants11010082. [PMID: 35009086 PMCID: PMC8747396 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Plant species belonging to the family Acanthaceae are globally known to possess various medicinal properties and have cultural and economic importance in both traditional medicine and horticulture. They are important to both animals and humans and are used as food or for ornamental purposes worldwide. Barleria is the third largest genus in the family Acanthaceae. A few of the highly important and reported species of Barleria include B. prionitis, B. cristata, B. grandiflora, and B. lupulina. The flowers, leaves, stems, roots, and seed extracts of plants belonging to this genus are rich in bioactive compounds and have exhibited significant medicinal potential for the treatment of various ailments and infections. Evidence derived from several studies has demonstrated the antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiulcer, hepatoprotective, analgesic, antiamoebic, antihelminthic, antiarthritic, antihypertensive, antiviral properties and toxicity of extracts, in addition inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity and biosynthesis of nanoparticles, of the plant and seed extracts of species belonging to Barleria. Studies have reported that bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, quinones, iridoids, phenylethanoid glycosides, the immunostimulant protein “Sankaranin”, and antibiotics isolated from Barleria species are resposnsible for the above biological activities. Traditionally, the genus Barleria has significant medicinal potential; however, there is a scarcity of information on various species that are yet to be evaluated. This review provides a comprehensive report on existing literature, concerning the phytochemistry and biological activities of the genus Barleria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serisha Gangaram
- School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.G.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yougasphree Naidoo
- School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.G.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yaser Hassan Dewir
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
- Correspondence: author:
| | - Salah El-Hendawy
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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17
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Sharma N, Tan MA, An SSA. Phytosterols: Potential Metabolic Modulators in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212255. [PMID: 34830148 PMCID: PMC8618769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytosterols constitute a class of natural products that are an important component of diet and have vast applications in foods, cosmetics, and herbal medicines. With many and diverse isolated structures in nature, they exhibit a broad range of biological and pharmacological activities. Among over 200 types of phytosterols, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol were ubiquitous in many plant species, exhibiting important aspects of activities related to neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, this mini-review presented an overview of the reported studies on selected phytosterols related to neurodegenerative diseases. It covered the major phytosterols based on biosynthetic considerations, including other phytosterols with significant in vitro and in vivo biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niti Sharma
- Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Mario A. Tan
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines;
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-750-8755
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18
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Genome-Wide Identification of CYP72A Gene Family and Expression Patterns Related to Jasmonic Acid Treatment and Steroidal Saponin Accumulation in Dioscorea zingiberensis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010953. [PMID: 34681613 PMCID: PMC8536171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioscorea zingiberensis is a medicinal herb containing a large amount of steroidal saponins, which are the major bioactive compounds and the primary storage form of diosgenin. The CYP72A gene family, belonging to cytochromes P450, exerts indispensable effects on the biosynthesis of numerous bioactive compounds. In this work, a total of 25 CYP72A genes were identified in D. zingiberensis and categorized into two groups according to the homology of protein sequences. The characteristics of their phylogenetic relationship, intron–exon organization, conserved motifs and cis-regulatory elements were performed by bioinformatics methods. The transcriptome data demonstrated that expression patterns of DzCYP72As varied by tissues. Moreover, qRT-PCR results displayed diverse expression profiles of DzCYP72As under different concentrations of jasmonic acid (JA). Likewise, eight metabolites in the biosynthesis pathway of steroidal saponins (four phytosterols, diosgenin, parvifloside, protodeltonin and dioscin) exhibited different contents under different concentrations of JA, and the content of total steroidal saponin was largest at the dose of 100 μmol/L of JA. The redundant analysis showed that 12 DzCYP72As had a strong correlation with specialized metabolites. Those genes were negatively correlated with stigmasterol and cholesterol but positively correlated with six other specialized metabolites. Among all DzCYP72As evaluated, DzCYP72A6, DzCYP72A16 and DzCYP72A17 contributed the most to the variation of specialized metabolites in the biosynthesis pathway of steroidal saponins. This study provides valuable information for further research on the biological functions related to steroidal saponin biosynthesis.
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19
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Luo D, He M, Li J, Du H, Mao Q, Pei N, Zhong G, Ouyang H, Yang S, Feng Y. Integrating the rapid constituent profiling strategy and multivariate statistical analysis for herb ingredients research, with Chinese official rhubarb and Tibetan rhubarb as an example. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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20
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Giofrè SV, Napoli E, Iraci N, Speciale A, Cimino F, Muscarà C, Molonia MS, Ruberto G, Saija A. Interaction of selected terpenoids with two SARS-CoV-2 key therapeutic targets: An in silico study through molecular docking and dynamics simulations. Comput Biol Med 2021; 134:104538. [PMID: 34116362 PMCID: PMC8186839 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, along with the lack of targeted medicaments, forced the scientific world to search for new antiviral formulations. In the current emergent situation, drug repurposing of well-known traditional and/or approved drugs could be the most effective strategy. Herein, through computational approaches, we aimed to screen 14 natural compounds from limonoids and terpenoids class for their ability to inhibit the key therapeutic target proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Among these, some limonoids, namely deacetylnomilin, ichangin and nomilin, and the terpenoid β-amyrin provided good interaction energies with SARS-CoV-2 3CL hydrolase (Mpro) in molecular dynamic simulation. Interestingly, deacetylnomilin and ichangin showed direct interaction with the catalytic dyad of the enzyme so supporting their potential role in preventing SARS-CoV-2 replication and growth. On the contrary, despite the good affinity with the spike protein RBD site, all the selected phytochemicals lose contact with the amino acid residues over the course of 120ns-long molecular dynamics simulations therefore suggesting they scarcely can interfere in SARS-CoV-2 binding to the ACE2 receptor. The in silico analyses of docking score and binding energies, along with predicted pharmacokinetic profiles, indicate that these triterpenoids might have potential as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, recommending further in vitro and in vivo investigations for a complete understanding and confirmation of their inhibitory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Vincenzo Giofrè
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Edoardo Napoli
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ICB-CNR), Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, 95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Nunzio Iraci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Claudia Muscarà
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Sofia Molonia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ruberto
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ICB-CNR), Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, 95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonella Saija
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
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21
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Yuan Y, Liu C, Zhao G, Gong X, Dang K, Yang Q, Feng B. Transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanism associated with dynamic changes in fatty acid and phytosterol content in foxtail millet (Setaria italica) during seed development. Food Res Int 2021; 145:110429. [PMID: 34112429 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) is an excellent source of beneficial natural fatty acids and phytosterols. However, the mechanisms underlying the dynamic changes of fatty acids and phytosterols during seed development are unknown. In this study, a comprehensive dynamic change analysis of the bioactive compounds during seed development was conducted in two cultivars with different crude fat content (high-fat, JG 35 [5.40%]; and low-fat, JG 39 [2.90%]). GC-FID/MS analysis showed that the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) were higher than the saturated fatty acids (SFAs). UFA content first increased, then decreased during seed development, while SFA content showed the opposite trend. Oil contents continuously increased with seed development, especially at the S2 stage. Phytosterol contents initially increased, then decreased with seed development. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 152 genes were associated with fatty acid metabolism and phytosterol biosynthesis, of which 46 and 62 were related to UFA and phytosterol biosynthesis, respectively. Furthermore, the key genes involved in fatty acid synthesis (ACCase and FATA/B), triacylglycerol biosynthesis (LACS, GPAT, and DGAT), and phytosterols synthesis (CAS1, STM1, EGR6, and DWF1) were overexpressed. This led to maximum UFA, oil, and phytosterol accumulation in JG 35 at the S2 stage. This study reveals the mechanism behind the dynamic changes of fatty acid and phytosterol contents in foxtail millet during seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunjuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangwei Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ke Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qinghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baili Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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22
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Darnet S, Blary A, Chevalier Q, Schaller H. Phytosterol Profiles, Genomes and Enzymes - An Overview. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:665206. [PMID: 34093623 PMCID: PMC8172173 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.665206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable diversity of sterol biosynthetic capacities described in living organisms is enriched at a fast pace by a growing number of sequenced genomes. Whereas analytical chemistry has produced a wealth of sterol profiles of species in diverse taxonomic groups including seed and non-seed plants, algae, phytoplanktonic species and other unicellular eukaryotes, functional assays and validation of candidate genes unveils new enzymes and new pathways besides canonical biosynthetic schemes. An overview of the current landscape of sterol pathways in the tree of life is tentatively assembled in a series of sterolotypes that encompass major groups and provides also peculiar features of sterol profiles in bacteria, fungi, plants, and algae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hubert Schaller
- Plant Isoprenoid Biology Team, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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23
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Simultaneous Determination of Tocopherols, Phytosterols, and Squalene in Vegetable Oils by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-01987-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Changes in the Plant β-Sitosterol/Stigmasterol Ratio Caused by the Plant Parasitic Nematode Meloidogyne incognita. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020292. [PMID: 33557005 PMCID: PMC7913658 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sterols play a key role in various physiological processes of plants. Commonly, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol and campesterol represent the main plant sterols, and cholesterol is often reported as a trace sterol. Changes in plant sterols, especially in β-sitosterol/stigmasterol levels, can be induced by different biotic and abiotic factors. Plant parasitic nematodes, such as the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, are devastating pathogens known to circumvent plant defense mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the changes in sterols of agricultural important crops, Brassica juncea (brown mustard), Cucumis sativus (cucumber), Glycine max (soybean), Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and Zea mays (corn), 21 days post inoculation (dpi) with M. incognita. The main changes affected the β-sitosterol/stigmasterol ratio, with an increase of β-sitosterol and a decrease of stigmasterol in S. lycopersicum, G. max, C. sativus and Z. mays. Furthermore, cholesterol levels increased in tomato, cucumber and corn, while cholesterol levels often were below the detection limit in the respective uninfected plants. To better understand the changes in the β-sitosterol/stigmasterol ratio, gene expression analysis was conducted in tomato cv. Moneymaker for the sterol 22C-desaturase gene CYP710A11, responsible for the conversion of β-sitosterol to stigmasterol. Our results showed that the expression of CYP710A11 was in line with the sterol profile of tomato after M. incognita infection. Since sterols play a key role in plant-pathogen interactions, this finding opens novel insights in plant nematode interactions.
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De Vriese K, Pollier J, Goossens A, Beeckman T, Vanneste S. Dissecting cholesterol and phytosterol biosynthesis via mutants and inhibitors. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:241-253. [PMID: 32929492 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants stand out among eukaryotes due to the large variety of sterols and sterol derivatives that they can produce. These metabolites not only serve as critical determinants of membrane structures, but also act as signaling molecules, as growth-regulating hormones, or as modulators of enzyme activities. Therefore, it is critical to understand the wiring of the biosynthetic pathways by which plants generate these distinct sterols, to allow their manipulation and to dissect their precise physiological roles. Here, we review the complexity and variation of the biosynthetic routes of the most abundant phytosterols and cholesterol in the green lineage and how different enzymes in these pathways are conserved and diverged from humans, yeast, and even bacteria. Many enzymatic steps show a deep evolutionary conservation, while others are executed by completely different enzymes. This has important implications for the use and specificity of available human and yeast sterol biosynthesis inhibitors in plants, and argues for the development of plant-tailored inhibitors of sterol biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjell De Vriese
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jacob Pollier
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Metabolomics Core, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain Goossens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steffen Vanneste
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, Songdomunhwa-Ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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