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Qin J, Chen X, Tang X, Shao X, Lai D, Xiao W, Zhuang Q, Wang W, Dong T. Near-freezing temperature suppresses avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruit softening and chilling injury by maintaining cell wall and reactive oxygen species metabolism during storage. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108621. [PMID: 38604012 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
To enhance the postharvest quality of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruit, this study investigates alterations in cell wall metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism during near-freezing temperature (NFT) storage, and explores their impact on fruit softening. The fruit was stored at 25 °C, 5 °C, 2 °C, and NFT, respectively. NFT storage retarded firmness loss and chilling injury in comparison with 25 °C, 5 °C, and 2 °C. NFT storage delayed the decrease of ionic-soluble pectin (ISP) and cellulose (CLL) contents by suppressing cell wall degradation enzyme activities. Correlation analysis showed that cell wall degradation enzyme activities were positively correlated to rates of ethylene release and respiration. Moreover, NFT storage maintained higher levels of DPPH and ABTS scavenging abilities, activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase, as well as ascorbate-glutathione cycle (ascorbic acid, glutathione, glutathione disulfide, ascorbate peroxidase, cycle-related enzymes), thereby inhibited the increase of ROS content, malondialdehyde content, and cell membrane permeability. Fruit firmness and chilling injury were correlated with the contents of hydrogen (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2.-), ISP, and CLL. These results suggested that NFT could suppress fruit softening and chilling injury by inhibiting cell wall degradation through delaying respiration and ethylene production and suppressing ROS production via activation of antioxidant systems, thereby maintaining quality and prolonged storage life during avocado fruit storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Qin
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Longzhou 532415, China
| | - Xiuhua Tang
- Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Longzhou 532415, China
| | - Xuehua Shao
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Duo Lai
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Weiqiang Xiao
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qingli Zhuang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wenlin Wang
- Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Longzhou 532415, China.
| | - Tao Dong
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Fick A, Swart V, Bombarely A, van den Berg N. Comparative transcriptional analysis of Persea americana MYB, WRKY and AP2/ERF transcription factors following Phytophthora cinnamomi infection. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13453. [PMID: 38590150 PMCID: PMC11002358 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Plant cells undergo extensive transcriptional reprogramming following pathogen infection, with these reprogramming patterns becoming more complex when pathogens, such as hemibiotrophs, exhibit different lifestyles. These transcriptional changes are often orchestrated by MYB, WRKY and AP2/ERF transcription factors (TFs), which modulate both growth and defence-related gene expression. Transcriptional analysis of defence-related genes in avocado (Persea americana) infected with Phytophthora cinnamomi indicated differential immune response activation when comparing a partially resistant and susceptible rootstock. This study identified 226 MYB, 82 WRKY, and 174 AP2/ERF TF-encoding genes in avocado, using a genome-wide approach. Phylogenetic analysis revealed substantial sequence conservation within TF groups underscoring their functional significance. RNA-sequencing analysis in a partially resistant and susceptible avocado rootstock infected with P. cinnamomi was indicative of an immune response switch occurring in either rootstock after 24 and 6 h post-inoculation, respectively. Different clusters of co-expressed TF genes were observed at these times, suggesting the activation of necrotroph-related immune responses at varying intervals between the two rootstocks. This study aids our understanding of avocado immune response activation following P. cinnamomi infection, and the role of the TFs therein, elucidating the transcriptional reprogramming disparities between partially resistant and susceptible rootstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Fick
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaGautengSouth Africa
- Hans Merensky Chair in Avocado Research, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaGautengSouth Africa
| | - Velushka Swart
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaGautengSouth Africa
- Hans Merensky Chair in Avocado Research, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaGautengSouth Africa
| | - Aureliano Bombarely
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de PlantasConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas‐Universitat Politècnica de València (IBMCP‐CSIC‐UPV)ValenciaSpain
| | - Noëlani van den Berg
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaGautengSouth Africa
- Hans Merensky Chair in Avocado Research, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaGautengSouth Africa
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Jin Z, Wang J, Cao X, Wei C, Kuang J, Chen K, Zhang B. Peach fruit PpNAC1 activates PpFAD3-1 transcription to provide ω-3 fatty acids for the synthesis of short-chain flavor volatiles. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac085. [PMID: 35685221 PMCID: PMC9172071 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) derived from fatty acids are major contributors to fruit flavor and affect human preferences. The ω-3 fatty acid linolenic acid 3 (18:3) serves as an important precursor for synthesis of (E)-2-hexenal and (Z)-3-hexenol. These short-chain C6 VOCs provide unique fresh notes in multiple fruit species. Metabolic engineering to improve fruit aroma requires knowledge of the regulation of fatty acid-derived VOCs. Here, we determined that ripe fruit-specific expression of PpFAD3-1 contributes to 18:3 synthesis in peach fruit. However, no significant increases in (E)-2-hexenal and (Z)-3-hexenol were detected after overexpressing PpFAD3-1. Interestingly, overexpressing the PpNAC1 transcription factor increased the content of 18:3 and enhanced the production of its derived volatiles. Moreover, induced expression of genes responsible for downstream VOC synthesis was observed for transgenic tomato fruit overexpressing PpNAC1, but not for transgenic fruit overexpressing PpFAD3-1. Electrophoretic mobility shift and ChIP-Seq assays showed that PpNAC1 activated PpFAD3-1 expression via binding to its promoter. Therefore, PpNAC1 plays an important role in modulating fatty acid flux to produce fruit flavor-related VOCs. In addition to PpNAC1, PpFAD3-1 expression was also associated with epigenetic modifications during peach fruit ripening. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating biosynthesis of fatty acid and short-chain VOCs in fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengnan Jin
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang Campus, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiangmei Cao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chunyan Wei
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianfei Kuang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Postharvest Science, College of Horticultural Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kunsong Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Zhai Y, Fan Z, Cui Y, Gu X, Chen S, Ma H. APETALA2/ethylene responsive factor in fruit ripening: Roles, interactions and expression regulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:979348. [PMID: 36061806 PMCID: PMC9434019 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.979348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Insects and animals are attracted to, and feed on ripe fruit, thereby promoting seed dispersal. As a vital vitamin and nutrient source, fruit make up an indispensable and enjoyable component of the human diet. Fruit ripening involves a series of physiological and biochemical changes in, among others, pigmentation, chlorophyll (Chl) degradation, texture, sugar accumulation, and flavor. Growing evidence indicates that the coordinated and ordered trait changes during fruit ripening depend on a complex regulatory network consisting of transcription factors, co-regulators, hormonal signals, and epigenetic modifications. As one of the predominant transcription factor families in plants and a downstream component of ethylene signaling, more and more studies are showing that APETALA2/ethylene responsive factor (AP2/ERF) family transcription factors act as critical regulators in fruit ripening. In this review, we focus on the regulatory mechanisms of AP2/ERFs in fruit ripening, and in particular the recent results on their target genes and co-regulators. We summarize and discuss the role of AP2/ERFs in the formation of key fruit-ripening attributes, the enactment of their regulatory mechanisms by interaction with other proteins, their role in the orchestration of phytohormone-signaling networks, and the epigenetic modifications associated with their gene expression. Our aim is to provide a multidimensional perspective on the regulatory mechanisms of AP2/ERFs in fruit ripening, and a reference for understanding and furthering research on the roles of AP2/ERF in fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Zhai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyi Fan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cui
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojiao Gu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shangwu Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqin Ma
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Huiqin Ma,
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