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Li Z, Zeng J, Zhou Y, Ding X, Jiang G, Wu K, Jiang Y, Duan X. Histone H3K27 Demethylase SlJMJ3 Modulates Fruit Ripening in Tomato. Plant Physiol 2024:kiae233. [PMID: 38669310 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The histone lysine (K) demethylase 4 (KDM4/JHDM3) subfamily of jumonji domain-containing demethylases (JMJs) has been implicated in various aspects of plant development. However, their involvement in regulating the ripening of fleshy fruits remains unclear. Here, we identified SlJMJ3, a member of the KDM4/JHDM3 family, as a H3K27me3 demethylase in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) that plays an important role in fruit ripening regulation. Overexpression of SlJMJ3 led to accelerated fruit ripening, whereas loss-of-function of SlJMJ3 delayed this process. Furthermore, we determined that SlJMJ3 exerts its regulatory function by modulating the expression of multiple ripening-related genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and response, carotenoid metabolism, cell wall modification, transcriptional control, and DNA methylation modification. SlJMJ3 bound directly to the promoters of ripening-related genes harboring the CTCTGYTY motif and activates their expression. Additionally, SlJMJ3 reduced the levels of H3K27me3 at its target genes, thereby up-regulating their expression. In summary, our findings highlight the role of SlJMJ3 in the regulation of fruit ripening in tomato. By removing the methyl group from trimethylated histone H3 lysine 27 at ripening-related genes, SlJMJ3 acts as an epigenetic regulator that orchestrates the complex molecular processes underlying fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yijie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong AIB Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510507, China
| | - Xiaochun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Guoxiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Keqiang Wu
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yueming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xuewu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Fu C, Han C, Yu Z, Liu D, Wei Y, Han Y. Ethylene induced AcNAC3 and AcNAC4 take part in ethylene synthesis through mediating AcACO1 during kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) ripening. J Sci Food Agric 2024. [PMID: 38661291 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethylene plays a vital role in the ripening process of kiwifruit. A terrific amount of transcription factors (TFs) have been shown to regulate ethylene synthesis in various fruits. RESULTS In this research, two new NAC TFs, named AcNAC3 and AcNAC4, were isolated from kiwifruit, which belonged to NAM subfamily. Bioinformatics analysis showed that both AcNAC3 and AcNAC4 were hydrophilic proteins with similar three-dimensional structures. The expression levels of AcNAC3, AcNAC4 and AcACO1 increased during kiwifruit ripening, as well as were induced by ethylene and repressed by 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). Correlation analysis exhibited that ethylene production was positively correlated with the expression levels of AcNAC3, AcNAC4 and AcACO1. Moreover, both AcNAC3 and AcNAC4 acted as transcriptional activators and could bind to and activate AcACO1 promoter. CONCLUSION All results unveiled that the ethylene-induced AcNAC3 and AcNAC4 were transcriptional activators, and might participate in kiwifruit ripening and ethylene biosynthesis through activating AcACO1, providing a new insight of ethylene synthetic regulation during kiwifruit ripening. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chao Han
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zuolong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yunxiao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yanchao Han
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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Xavier P, Rodrigues PM, Silva CLM. Shelf-Life Management and Ripening Assessment of 'Hass' Avocado ( Persea americana) Using Deep Learning Approaches. Foods 2024; 13:1150. [PMID: 38672823 PMCID: PMC11049431 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Avocado production is mostly confined to tropical and subtropical regions, leading to lengthy distribution channels that, coupled with their unpredictable post-harvest behavior, render avocados susceptible to significant loss and waste. To enhance the monitoring of 'Hass' avocado ripening, a data-driven tool was developed using a deep learning approach. This study involved monitoring 478 avocados stored in three distinct storage environments, using a 5-stage Ripening Index to classify each fruit's ripening phase based on their shared characteristics. These categories were paired with daily photographic records of the avocados, resulting in a database of labeled images. Two convolutional neural network models, AlexNet and ResNet-18, were trained using transfer learning techniques to identify distinct ripening indicators, enabling the prediction of ripening stages and shelf-life estimations for new unseen data. The approach achieved a final prediction accuracy of 88.8% for the ripening assessment, with 96.7% of predictions deviating by no more than half a stage from their actual classifications when considering the best side of the samples. The average shelf-life estimates based on the attributed classifications were within 0.92 days of the actual shelf-life, whereas the predictions made by the models had an average deviation of 0.96 days from the actual shelf-life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristina L. M. Silva
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (P.X.); (P.M.R.)
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Yu H, Bi X, Li Z, Fu X, Li Y, Li Y, Yang Y, Liu D, Li G, Dong W, Hu F. Transcriptomic Analysis of Alternative Splicing Events during Different Fruit Ripening Stages of Coffea arabica L. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:459. [PMID: 38674393 PMCID: PMC11050144 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
To date, genomic and transcriptomic data on Coffea arabica L. in public databases are very limited, and there has been no comprehensive integrated investigation conducted on alternative splicing (AS). Previously, we have constructed and sequenced eighteen RNA-seq libraries of C. arabica at different ripening stages of fruit development. From this dataset, a total of 3824, 2445, 2564, 2990, and 3162 DSGs were identified in a comparison of different fruit ripening stages. The largest proportion of DSGs, approximately 65%, were of the skipped exon (SE) type. Biologically, 9 and 29 differentially expressed DSGs in the spliceosome pathway and carbon metabolism pathway, respectively, were identified. These DSGs exhibited significant variations, primarily in S1 vs. S2 and S5 vs. S6, and they involve many aspects of organ development, hormone transduction, and the synthesis of flavor components. Through the examination of research findings regarding the biological functions and biochemical pathways associated with DSGs and DEGs, it was observed that six DSGs significantly enriched in ABC transporters, namely, LOC113712394, LOC113726618, LOC113739972, LOC113725240, LOC113730214, and LOC113707447, were continually down-regulated at the fruit ripening stage. In contrast, a total of four genes, which were LOC113732777, LOC113727880, LOC113690566, and LOC113711936, including those enriched in the cysteine and methionine metabolism, were continually up-regulated. Collectively, our findings may contribute to the exploration of alternative splicing mechanisms for focused investigations of potential genes associated with the ripening of fruits in C. arabica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Yu
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan 678000, China; (H.Y.); (X.B.)
| | - Xiaofei Bi
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan 678000, China; (H.Y.); (X.B.)
| | - Zhongxian Li
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan 678000, China; (H.Y.); (X.B.)
| | - Xingfei Fu
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan 678000, China; (H.Y.); (X.B.)
| | - Yanan Li
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan 678000, China; (H.Y.); (X.B.)
| | - Yaqi Li
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan 678000, China; (H.Y.); (X.B.)
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan 678000, China; (H.Y.); (X.B.)
| | - Dexin Liu
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan 678000, China; (H.Y.); (X.B.)
| | - Guiping Li
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan 678000, China; (H.Y.); (X.B.)
| | - Wenjiang Dong
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning 571533, China
| | - Faguang Hu
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan 678000, China; (H.Y.); (X.B.)
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Nizampatnam NR, Sharma K, Gupta P, Pamei I, Sarma S, Sreelakshmi Y, Sharma R. Introgression of a dominant phototropin1 mutant enhances carotenoids and boosts flavour-related volatiles in genome-edited tomato RIN mutants. New Phytol 2024; 241:2227-2242. [PMID: 38151719 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) ripening inhibitor (rin) mutation is known to completely repress fruit ripening. The heterozygous (RIN/rin) fruits have extended shelf life, ripen normally, but have inferior taste/flavour. To address this, we used genome editing to generate newer alleles of RIN (rinCR ) by targeting the K-domain. Unlike previously reported CRISPR alleles, the rinCR alleles displayed delayed onset of ripening, suggesting that the mutated K-domain represses the onset of ripening. The rinCR fruits had extended shelf life and accumulated carotenoids at an intermediate level between rin and progenitor line. Besides, the metabolites and hormonal levels in rinCR fruits were more akin to rin. To overcome the negative attributes of rin, we crossed the rinCR alleles with Nps1, a dominant-negative phototropin1 mutant, which enhances carotenoid levels in tomato fruits. The resulting Nps1/rinCR hybrids had extended shelf life and 4.4-7.1-fold higher carotenoid levels than the wild-type parent. The metabolome of Nps1/rinCR fruits revealed higher sucrose, malate, and volatiles associated with tomato taste and flavour. Notably, the boosted volatiles in Nps1/rinCR were only observed in fruits bearing the homozygous Nps1 mutation. The Nps1 introgression into tomato provides a promising strategy for developing cultivars with extended shelf life, improved taste, and flavour.
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Grants
- BT/COE/34/SP15209/2015 Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
- BT/INF/22/SP44787/2021 Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
- BT/PR6983/PBD/16/1007/2012 Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
- BT/PR/7002/PBD/16/1009/2012 Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
- BT/PR11671/PBD/16/828/2008 Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasimha Rao Nizampatnam
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Kapil Sharma
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Prateek Gupta
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
- Department of Biological Sciences, SRM University-AP, Neerukonda, Andhra Pradesh, 522240, India
| | - Injangbuanang Pamei
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Supriya Sarma
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Yellamaraju Sreelakshmi
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Rameshwar Sharma
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
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Jin J, Wang W, Fan D, Hao Q, Jia W. Emerging Roles of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways in the Regulation of Fruit Ripening and Postharvest Quality. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2831. [PMID: 38474080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Fleshy fruit ripening is a unique biological process that involves dramatic changes in a diverse array of cellular metabolisms. The regulation of these metabolisms is essentially mediated by cellular signal transduction of internal (e.g., hormones) and external cues (i.e., environmental stimuli). Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways play crucial roles in a diverse array of biological processes, such as plant growth, development and biotic/abiotic responses. Accumulating evidence suggests that MAPK signaling pathways are also implicated in fruit ripening and quality formation. However, while MAPK signaling has been extensively reviewed in Arabidopsis and some crop plants, the comprehensive picture of how MAPK signaling regulates fruit ripening and quality formation remains unclear. In this review, we summarize and discuss research in this area. We first summarize recent studies on the expression patterns of related kinase members in relation to fruit development and ripening and then summarize and discuss the crucial evidence of the involvement of MAPK signaling in fruit ripening and quality formation. Finally, we propose several perspectives, highlighting the research matters and questions that should be afforded particular attention in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jin
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dingyu Fan
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Qing Hao
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Wensuo Jia
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Liu Z, Huang D, Yao Y, Pan X, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Ding Z, Wang C, Liao W. The Crucial Role of SlGSNOR in Regulating Postharvest Tomato Fruit Ripening. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2729. [PMID: 38473974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) is a well-known regulator in controlling protein S-nitrosylation modification and nitric oxide (NO) homeostasis. Here, a GSNOR inhibitor N6022 and SlGSNOR silencing were applied to investigate the roles of SlGSNOR in tomato fruit postharvest ripening. We found that the application of N6022 and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO, a NO donor), and SlGSNOR silencing delayed the transition of fruit skin color by improving total chlorophyll level by 88.57%, 44.78%, and 91.03%, respectively. Meanwhile, total carotenoid and lycopene contents were reduced by these treatments. Concurrently, the activity of chlorophyll biosynthesis enzymes and the expression of related genes were upregulated, and the transcript abundances of total carotenoid bioproduction genes were downregulated, by N6022 and GSNO treatments and SlGSNOR silencing. In addition, fruit softening was postponed by N6022, GSNO, and SlGSNOR silencing, through delaying the decrease of firmness and declining cell wall composition; structure-related enzyme activity; and gene expression levels. Furthermore, N6022, GSNO, and SlGSNOR silencing enhanced the accumulation of titratable acid; ascorbic acid; total phenol; and total flavonoid, but repressed the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein accompanied with the expression pattern changes of nutrition-related genes. In addition, the endogenous NO contents were elevated by 197.55%; 404.59%; and 713.46%, and the endogenous SNOs contents were enhanced by 74.65%; 93.49%; and 94.85%; by N6022 and GSNO treatments and SlGSNOR silencing, respectively. Altogether, these results indicate that SlGSNOR positively promotes tomato postharvest fruit ripening, which may be largely on account of its negative roles in the endogenous NO level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zesheng Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Dengjing Huang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yandong Yao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xuejuan Pan
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yanqin Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yi Huang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhiqi Ding
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Chunlei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Weibiao Liao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Liang C, Jiang F, Xu H, Zhang Z, Tian W, Sun H, Jing Y, Wang M, Zhuang Y, Li D, Liu J. Mechanism of Peppermint Extract-Induced Delay of 'Packham's Triumph' Pear ( Pyrus communis L.) Postharvest Ripening. Foods 2024; 13:657. [PMID: 38472770 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Postharvest ripening is correlated to the quality and shelf life of European pear fruit. In this study, the effects of peppermint extract on fruit phenotype, related physiological activities, and aroma components during postharvest ripening of the European pear variety 'Packham's Triumph' were examined. Fruit treated with 2.0 g L-1 peppermint extract for 12 h showed delayed softening by 4 d compared with that of the untreated control group. The peak values of ethylene and respiratory rate in fruit were reduced to a certain extent after peppermint extract treatment; however, the peppermint extract did not delay the occurrence of the respiratory climacteric peak. Peppermint extract treatment also did not significantly increase the content of the characteristic peppermint aroma in pear fruit. Further, widely targeted metabolome analysis revealed 298 significantly different metabolites, with flavonoids (40%) and lipid compounds (15%) accounting for the highest proportion on the first day after treatment. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway result showed significant enrichment in the metabolic pathways of biosynthesis of flavonoid, isoflavonoid, flavone and flavonol, linoleic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism following peppermint extract treatment. The combined analysis of transcriptome and metabolome data showed significant enrichment in linoleic acid metabolism and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism on the first, third, and fifth days after peppermint extract treatment. This study indicates that peppermint extract mainly affects the pear fruit softening process in the early stage after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Liang
- Haidu College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Laiyang 265200, China
| | - Fudong Jiang
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265500, China
| | - Hongpeng Xu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zan Zhang
- Haidu College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Laiyang 265200, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Haidu College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Laiyang 265200, China
| | - Haifeng Sun
- Haidu College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Laiyang 265200, China
| | - Yali Jing
- Haidu College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Laiyang 265200, China
| | - Mengzhen Wang
- Haidu College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Laiyang 265200, China
| | - Yingyu Zhuang
- Haidu College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Laiyang 265200, China
| | - Dingli Li
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jianlong Liu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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Muñoz P, Tijero V, Vincent C, Munné-Bosch S. Abscisic acid triggers vitamin E accumulation by transient transcript activation of VTE5 and VTE6 in sweet cherry fruits. Biochem J 2024; 481:279-293. [PMID: 38314636 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Tocopherols are lipophilic antioxidants known as vitamin E and synthesized from the condensation of two metabolic pathways leading to the formation of homogentisate and phytyl diphosphate. While homogentisate is derived from tyrosine metabolism, phytyl diphosphate may be formed from geranylgeranyl diphosphate or phytol recycling from chlorophyll degradation. Here, we hypothesized that abscisic acid (ABA) could induce tocopherol biosynthesis in sweet cherries by modifying the expression of genes involved in vitamin E biosynthesis, including those from the phytol recycling pathway. Hence, the expression of key tocopherol biosynthesis genes was determined together with vitamin E and chlorophyll contents during the natural development of sweet cherries on the tree. Moreover, the effects of exogenously applied ABA on the expression of key tocopherol biosynthesis genes were also investigated during on-tree fruit development, and tocopherols and chlorophylls contents were analyzed. Results showed that the expression of tocopherol biosynthesis genes, including VTE5, VTE6, HPPD and HPT showed contrasting patterns of variation, but in all cases, increased by 2- and 3-fold over time during fruit de-greening. This was not the case for GGDR and VTE4, the first showing constitutive expression during fruit development and the second with marked down-regulation at ripening onset. Furthermore, exogenous ABA stimulated the production of both α- and γ-tocopherols by 60% and 30%, respectively, promoted chlorophyll degradation and significantly enhanced VTE5 and VTE6 expression, and also that of HPPD and VTE4, altogether increasing total tocopherol accumulation. In conclusion, ABA increases promote the transcription of phytol recycling enzymes, which may contribute to vitamin E biosynthesis during fruit development in stone fruits like sweet cherries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Muñoz
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Tijero
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celia Vincent
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Wang Y, Zhu Q, Liu S, Jiao L, Dong D. Rapid Determination of Different Ripening Stages of Occidental Pears ( Pyrus communis L.) by Volatile Organic Compounds Using Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS). Foods 2024; 13:620. [PMID: 38397597 PMCID: PMC10887963 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Determination of Occidental pear (Pyrus communis) ripening is difficult because the appearance of Occidental pears does not change significantly during the ripening process. Occidental pears at different ripening stages release different volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which can be used to determine fruit ripeness non-destructively and rapidly. In this study, VOCs were detected using proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). Notably, data were acquired within 1 min. Occidental pears harvested at five separate times were divided into three ripening stages: unripe, ripe, and overripe. The results showed that the composition of VOCs differed depending on the ripening stage. In particular, the concentrations of esters and terpenes significantly increased during the overripe stage. Three ripening stages were clearly discriminated by heatmap clustering and principal component analysis (PCA). This study provided a rapid and non-destructive method to evaluate the ripening stages of Occidental pears. The result can help fruit farmers to decide the optimum harvest time and hence reduce their economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmo Wang
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.W.); (Q.Z.); (D.D.)
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Qingzhen Zhu
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.W.); (Q.Z.); (D.D.)
| | - Songzhong Liu
- Institute of Forestry & Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China;
| | - Leizi Jiao
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.W.); (Q.Z.); (D.D.)
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Daming Dong
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.W.); (Q.Z.); (D.D.)
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
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11
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Przybylska D, Kucharska AZ, Piórecki N, Sozański T. The Health-Promoting Quality Attributes, Polyphenols, Iridoids and Antioxidant Activity during the Development and Ripening of Cornelian Cherry ( Cornus mas L.). Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:229. [PMID: 38397827 PMCID: PMC10885943 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study defined the physicochemical attributes, composition, and antioxidant capacity of four Polish cultivars of cornelian cherry (CC) at six stages of development and ripening. A total of 52 metabolites were identified by UPLC-ESI-qTOF-MS/MS and quantified by HPLC-PDA. In general, phenolic acids, hydrolyzable tannins, flavonols, iridoids, antioxidant activity, organic acids, and vitamin C decreased, while anthocyanins, malic acid, sugars, and titratable acidity increased. For the first time, we determined the evolution of the CC chemical properties and the metabolic behavior and quantified the individual compounds, and groups of compounds during ripening, in particular gallotannins, ellagitannins, iridoids, and organic acids. The main novelty of our study is that CC is a valuable resource for utilization at different degrees of maturity. We showed that unripe fruits in particular deserve valorization, as they contained the highest content of total bioactive phytocompounds (5589.1-6779.6 mg/100 g dw)-primarily phenolic acids > iridoids > tannins-and the highest antioxidant capacity. The intermediate stages were the most abundant in vitamin C (341.1-495.6 mg/100 g dw), ellagic acid (5.9-31.6 mg/100 g dw), gallotannins (47.8-331.1 mg/100 g dw), and loganic acid (1393.0-2839.4 mg/100 g dw). The ripe fruits contained less bioactive phytocompounds (1403.7-1974.6 mg/100 g dw)-primarily iridoids > phenolic acids > tannins > anthocyanins-and the lowest antioxidant capacity. On the other hand, ripe fruits showed the highest content of anthocyanins (30.8-143.2 mg/100 g dw), sugars (36.4-78.9 g/100 g dw), malic acid (5.5-12.2 g/100 g dw), and, favorably for the nutritional applications, the highest sugar-to-acids ratio (3.0-6.4). Our work illustrates in detail that quality attributes and the content of health-promoting phytocompounds in CC depend on the ripening stage and on the cultivar. These results advance the scientific knowledge about CC. Our findings can be helpful to select the optimal properties of CC for the development of diverse functional foods and phytopharmaceuticals applied in the prevention of civilization diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Przybylska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Alicja Z. Kucharska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Narcyz Piórecki
- Arboretum and Institute of Physiography in Bolestraszyce, 37-700 Przemyśl, Poland;
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, Cicha 2A, 35-326 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sozański
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Pharmacology and Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
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12
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Zhu Q, Tan Q, Gao Q, Zheng S, Chen W, Galaud JP, Li X, Zhu X. Calmodulin-like protein CML15 interacts with PP2C46/65 to regulate papaya fruit ripening via integrating calcium, ABA and ethylene signals. Plant Biotechnol J 2024. [PMID: 38319003 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
It is well known that calcium, ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) can regulate fruit ripening, however, their interaction in the regulation of fruit ripening has not yet been fully clarified. The present study found that the expression of the papaya calcium sensor CpCML15 was strongly linked to fruit ripening. CpCML15 could bind Ca2+ and served as a true calcium sensor. CpCML15 interacted with CpPP2C46 and CpPP2C65, the candidate components of the ABA signalling pathways. CpPP2C46/65 expression was also related to fruit ripening and regulated by ethylene. CpCML15 was located in the nucleus and CpPP2C46/65 were located in both the nucleus and membrane. The interaction between CpCML15 and CpPP2C46/65 was calcium dependent and further repressed the activity of CpPP2C46/65 in vitro. The transient overexpression of CpCML15 and CpPP2C46/65 in papaya promoted fruit ripening and gene expression related to ripening. The reduced expression of CpCML15 and CpPP2C46/65 by virus-induced gene silencing delayed fruit colouring and softening and repressed the expression of genes related to ethylene signalling and softening. Moreover, ectopic overexpression of CpCML15 in tomato fruit also promoted fruit softening and ripening by increasing ethylene production and enhancing gene expression related to ripening. Additionally, CpPP2C46 interacted with CpABI5, and CpPP2C65 interacted with CpERF003-like, two transcriptional factors in ABA and ethylene signalling pathways that are closely related to fruit ripening. Taken together, our results showed that CpCML15 and CpPP2Cs positively regulated fruit ripening, and their interaction integrated the cross-talk of calcium, ABA and ethylene signals in fruit ripening through the CpCML15-CpPP2Cs-CpABI5/CpERF003-like pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiunan Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinqin Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiyang Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Senlin Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weixin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jean-Philippe Galaud
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Xueping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Sun C, Yao G, Zhao J, Chen R, Hu K, He G, Zhang H. SlERF109-like and SlNAC1 Coordinately Regulated Tomato Ripening by Inhibiting ACO1 Transcription. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1873. [PMID: 38339150 PMCID: PMC10855853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
As a typical climacteric fruit, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is widely used for studying the ripening process. The negative regulation of tomato fruits by transcription factor SlNAC1 has been reported, but its regulatory network was unclear. In the present study, we screened a transcription factor, SlERF109-like, and found it had a stronger relationship with SlNAC1 at the early stage of tomato fruit development through the use of transcriptome data, RT-qPCR, and correlation analysis. We inferred that SlERF109-like could interact with SlNAC1 to become a regulatory complex that co-regulates the tomato fruit ripening process. Results of transient silencing (VIGS) and transient overexpression showed that SlERF109-like and SlNAC1 could regulate chlorophyll degradation-related genes (NYC1, PAO, PPH, SGR1), carotenoids accumulation-related genes (PSY1, PDS, ZDS), ETH-related genes (ACO1, E4, E8), and cell wall metabolism-related genes expression levels (CEL2, EXP, PG, TBG4, XTH5) to inhibit tomato fruit ripening. A dual-luciferase reporter and yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) showed that SlNAC1 could bind to the SlACO1 promoter, but SlERF109-like could not. Furthermore, SlERF109-like could interact with SlNAC1 to increase the transcription for ACO1 by a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay, a luciferase complementation assay, and a dual-luciferase reporter. A correlation analysis showed that SlERF109-like and SlNAC1 were positively correlated with chlorophyll contents, and negatively correlated with carotenoid content and ripening-related genes. Thus, we provide a model in which SlERF109-like could interact with SlNAC1 to become a regulatory complex that negatively regulates the tomato ripening process by inhibiting SlACO1 expression. Our study provided a new regulatory network of tomato fruit ripening and effectively reduced the waste of resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sun
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310012, China; (C.S.); (R.C.)
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (G.Y.); (J.Z.); (K.H.)
| | - Gaifang Yao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (G.Y.); (J.Z.); (K.H.)
| | - Jinghan Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (G.Y.); (J.Z.); (K.H.)
| | - Ruying Chen
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310012, China; (C.S.); (R.C.)
| | - Kangdi Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (G.Y.); (J.Z.); (K.H.)
| | - Guanghua He
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310012, China; (C.S.); (R.C.)
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (G.Y.); (J.Z.); (K.H.)
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14
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Chen Z, Shen D, Shi Y, Chen Y, He H, Jiang J, Wang F, Jiang J, Wang X, Li X, Zeng W. Genome-Wide Identification of Expansins in Rubus chingii and Profiling Analysis during Fruit Ripening and Softening. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:431. [PMID: 38337963 PMCID: PMC10857257 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Improving fruit size or weight, firmness, and shelf life is a major target for horticultural crop breeding. It is associated with the depolymerization and rearrangement of cell components, including pectin, hemicellulose, cellulose, and other structural (glyco)proteins. Expansins are structural proteins to loosen plant cell wall polysaccharides in a pH-dependent manner and play pivotal roles in the process of fruit development, ripening, and softening. Rubus chingii Hu, a unique Chinese red raspberry, is a prestigious pharmaceutical and nutraceutical dual-function food with great economic value. Thirty-three RchEXPs were predicted by genome-wide identification in this study, containing twenty-seven α-expansins (EXPAs), three β-expansins (EXPBs), one expansin-like A (EXPLA), and two expansin-like B (EXPLBs). Subsequently, molecular characteristics, gene structure and motif compositions, phylogenetic relationships, chromosomal location, collinearity, and regulatory elements were further profiled. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) and real-time quantitative PCR assays of fruits from different developmental stages and lineages showed that the group of RchEXPA5, RchEXPA7, and RchEXPA15 were synergistically involved in fruit expanding and ripening, while another group of RchEXPA6 and RchEXPA26 might be essential for fruit ripening and softening. They were regulated by both abscisic acid and ethylene and were collinear with phylogenetic relationships in the same group. Our new findings laid the molecular foundation for improving the fruit texture and shelf life of R. chingii medicinal and edible fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; (Z.C.); (D.S.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Danwei Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; (Z.C.); (D.S.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Yujie Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; (Z.C.); (D.S.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Yiquan Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; (Z.C.); (D.S.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Honglian He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; (Z.C.); (D.S.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Junfeng Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; (Z.C.); (D.S.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Fan Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; (Z.C.); (D.S.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Jingyong Jiang
- Institute of Horticulture, Taizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Linhai 317000, China;
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; (Z.C.); (D.S.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaobai Li
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultral Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; (Z.C.); (D.S.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
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15
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Liu F, Shao X, Fan Y, Jia B, He W, Wang Y, Wang F, Wang C. Time-Series Transcriptome of Cucumis melo Reveals Extensive Transcriptomic Differences with Different Maturity. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:149. [PMID: 38397139 PMCID: PMC10887994 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
As the most important melon cultivar grown in the north-western provinces of China, Hami melon (Cucumis melo) produces large edible fruits that serve as an important dietary component in the world. In general, as a climacteric plant, melon harvested at 60% maturity results in a product with bad quality, while the highest-quality product can be guaranteed when harvesting at 90% maturity. In order to clarify the genetic basis of their distinct profiles of metabolite accumulation, we performed systematic transcriptome analyses between 60% and 90% maturity melons. A total of 36 samples were sequenced and over 1.7 billion reads were generated. Differentially expressed genes in 60% and 90% maturity melons were detected. Hundreds of these genes were functionally enriched in the sucrose and citric acid accumulation process of C. melo. We also detected a number of distinct splicing events between 60% and 90% maturity melons. Many genes associated with sucrose and citric acid accumulation displayed as differentially expressed or differentially spliced between different degrees of maturity of Hami melons, including CmCIN2, CmSPS2, CmBGAL3, and CmSPS2. These results demonstrate that the phenotype pattern differences between 60% and 90% maturity melons may be largely resulted from the significant transcriptome regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjuan Liu
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (F.L.); (X.S.); (Y.F.); (B.J.); (W.H.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Urumqi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Functional Nutrition and Health of Characteristic Agricultural Products in Desert Oasis Ecological Region (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xupeng Shao
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (F.L.); (X.S.); (Y.F.); (B.J.); (W.H.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Urumqi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Functional Nutrition and Health of Characteristic Agricultural Products in Desert Oasis Ecological Region (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Yingying Fan
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (F.L.); (X.S.); (Y.F.); (B.J.); (W.H.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Urumqi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Functional Nutrition and Health of Characteristic Agricultural Products in Desert Oasis Ecological Region (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Binxin Jia
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (F.L.); (X.S.); (Y.F.); (B.J.); (W.H.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Urumqi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Functional Nutrition and Health of Characteristic Agricultural Products in Desert Oasis Ecological Region (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Weizhong He
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (F.L.); (X.S.); (Y.F.); (B.J.); (W.H.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Urumqi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Functional Nutrition and Health of Characteristic Agricultural Products in Desert Oasis Ecological Region (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (F.L.); (X.S.); (Y.F.); (B.J.); (W.H.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Urumqi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Functional Nutrition and Health of Characteristic Agricultural Products in Desert Oasis Ecological Region (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Urumqi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Functional Nutrition and Health of Characteristic Agricultural Products in Desert Oasis Ecological Region (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China
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16
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Zhang D, Liu B, Wu S, Li C, Fang T, Tian M. Assessing the Role of Gaseous Chlorine Dioxide in Modulating the Postharvest Ripening of Keitt Mangoes through the Induction of Ethylene Biosynthesis. Foods 2024; 13:316. [PMID: 38275683 PMCID: PMC10815355 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumer acceptance of Keitt mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) is significantly affected by their slow postharvest ripening. This work used gaseous chlorine dioxide (ClO2(g)) to prepare the ready-to-eat Keitt mango and explored the potential mechanisms for the mango ripening. Harvested mangoes were treated with 20 mg·L-1 of ClO2(g) or ethephon for 3 h (25 °C) and left in a climatic chamber with a temperature of 25 ± 1 °C and a relative humidity of 85 ± 5% for 4 d. The results showed that ClO2(g) treatment significantly promoted the orange coloration of mango flesh compared to the untreated control group. Moreover, ClO2(g) treatment significantly elevated the total soluble solids, total soluble sugar, and total carotenoids content of mangoes, whereas the firmness and titratable acidity were reduced. ClO2(g)-treated mangoes reached the edible window on day 2, as did mangoes treated with ethephon at the same concentration, except that the sweetness was prominent. The residual ClO2 level of the mangoes was <0.3 mg/kg during the whole storage time, which is a safe level for fruit. In addition, ClO2(g) significantly advanced the onset of ethylene peaks by 0.5 days and increased its production between days 0.5 and 2 compared to the control group. Consistently, the genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis including miACS6, miACO1, and miACO were upregulated. In sum, ClO2(g) can be a potential technique to reduce the time for harvested mango to reach the edible window, and it functions in modulating postharvest ripening by inducing ethylene biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Zhang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (D.Z.); (B.L.); (S.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Binxiong Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (D.Z.); (B.L.); (S.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Shaoyi Wu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (D.Z.); (B.L.); (S.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Changcheng Li
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (D.Z.); (B.L.); (S.W.); (C.L.)
- National R&D Center for Vegetable Processing, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ting Fang
- National R&D Center for Vegetable Processing, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Meiling Tian
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (D.Z.); (B.L.); (S.W.); (C.L.)
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17
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Song H, Zhao K, Jiang G, Sun S, Li J, Tu M, Wang L, Xie H, Chen D. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the SBP-Box Gene Family in Loquat Fruit Development. Genes (Basel) 2023; 15:23. [PMID: 38254913 PMCID: PMC10815216 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The loquat (Eriobotrya japonica L.) is a special evergreen tree, and its fruit is of high medical and health value as well as having stable market demand around the world. In recent years, research on the accumulation of nutrients in loquat fruit, such as carotenoids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, has become a hotspot. The SBP-box gene family encodes transcription factors involved in plant growth and development. However, there has been no report on the SBP-box gene family in the loquat genome and their functions in carotenoid biosynthesis and fruit ripening. In this study, we identified 28 EjSBP genes in the loquat genome, which were unevenly distributed on 12 chromosomes. We also systematically investigated the phylogenetic relationship, collinearity, gene structure, conserved motifs, and cis-elements of EjSBP proteins. Most EjSBP genes showed high expression in the root, stem, leaf, and inflorescence, while only five EjSBP genes were highly expressed in the fruit. Gene expression analysis revealed eight differentially expressed EjSBP genes between yellow- and white-fleshed fruits, suggesting that the EjSBP genes play important roles in loquat fruit development at the breaker stage. Notably, EjSBP01 and EjSBP19 exhibited completely opposite expression patterns between white- and yellow-fleshed fruits during fruit development, and showed a close relationship with SlCnr involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and fruit ripening, indicating that these two genes may participate in the synthesis and accumulation of carotenoids in loquat fruit. In summary, this study provides comprehensive information about the SBP-box gene family in the loquat, and identified two EjSBP genes as candidates involved in carotenoid synthesis and accumulation during loquat fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Song
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (H.S.); (K.Z.); (G.J.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (M.T.); (L.W.); (H.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610066, China
- College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (H.S.); (K.Z.); (G.J.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (M.T.); (L.W.); (H.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Guoliang Jiang
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (H.S.); (K.Z.); (G.J.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (M.T.); (L.W.); (H.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Shuxia Sun
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (H.S.); (K.Z.); (G.J.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (M.T.); (L.W.); (H.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Jing Li
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (H.S.); (K.Z.); (G.J.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (M.T.); (L.W.); (H.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Meiyan Tu
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (H.S.); (K.Z.); (G.J.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (M.T.); (L.W.); (H.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Lingli Wang
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (H.S.); (K.Z.); (G.J.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (M.T.); (L.W.); (H.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Hongjiang Xie
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (H.S.); (K.Z.); (G.J.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (M.T.); (L.W.); (H.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (H.S.); (K.Z.); (G.J.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (M.T.); (L.W.); (H.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610066, China
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Wu W, Cao SF, Shi LY, Chen W, Yin XR, Yang ZF. Abscisic acid biosynthesis, metabolism and signaling in ripening fruit. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1279031. [PMID: 38126013 PMCID: PMC10731311 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1279031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Fruits are highly recommended nowadays in human diets because they are rich in vitamins, minerals, fibers and other necessary nutrients. The final stage of fruit production, known as ripening, plays a crucial role in determining the fruit's quality and commercial value. This is a complex physiological process, which involves many phytohormones and regulatory factors. Among the phytohormones involved in fruit ripening, abscisic acid (ABA) holds significant importance. ABA levels generally increase during the ripening process in most fruits, and applying ABA externally can enhance fruit flavor, hasten softening, and promote color development through complex signal regulation. Therefore, gaining a deeper understanding of ABA's mechanisms in fruit ripening is valuable for regulating various fruit characteristics, making them more suitable for consumption or storage. This, in turn, can generate greater economic benefits and reduce postharvest losses. This article provides an overview of the relationship between ABA and fruit ripening. It summarizes the effects of ABA on ripening related traits, covering the biochemical aspects and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Additionally, the article discusses the interactions of ABA with other phytohormones during fruit ripening, especially ethylene, and provides perspectives for future exploration in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shi-feng Cao
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-yu Shi
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue-ren Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen-feng Yang
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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19
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Zheng S, Cai J, Huang P, Wang Y, Yang Z, Yu Y. Determination of volatile profiles of woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) during fruit maturation by HS-SPME GC-MS. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:7455-7468. [PMID: 37403783 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aroma is an important agronomic trait for strawberries, and the improvement of fruit flavor is a key goal in current strawberry breeding programs. Fragaria vesca (also known as woodland strawberry) has become an excellent model plant with exquisite flavor, a small genome size and a short life cycle. Thus, the comprehensive identification of fruit volatiles and their accumulation pattern of F. vesca strawberries are very important and necessary to the fruit aroma study. This study examined the volatile profile changes from the fruits of three F. vesca genotypes during maturation using headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with multivariate analysis. RESULTS A total of 191 putative volatile compounds were identified, while 152, 159 and 175 volatiles were detected in 20-30 DAP (days after pollination) fruits of Hawaii 4 (HW), Reugen (RG) and Yellow Wonder (YW), respectively. Aldehydes and alcohols predominated in the early time point while esters were predominant during the late time point. Ketones were the dominant compounds from F. vesca strawberries at the ripe stage. Certain genotype-characteristic volatiles were identified, including eugenol, γ-octalactone and δ-decalactone only detected in YW, and mesifurane was found in HW. CONCLUSIONS RG and YW showed very similar volatile compositions, but YW presented a greater number of volatiles and RG yielded a higher content. Differences in the volatile composition may be primarily due to genetic relationships. The metabolic changes that occurred during fruit ripening and characteristic volatiles will be a useful reference for future studies of strawberry volatiles. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Peibin Huang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhenbiao Yang
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuan Yu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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20
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Zhao W, Wang S, Li W, Shan X, Naeem M, Zhang L, Zhao L. The transcription factor EMB1444-like affects tomato fruit ripening by regulating YELLOW-FRUITED TOMATO 1, a core component of ethylene signaling transduction. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:6563-6574. [PMID: 37555619 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The fleshy fruit of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) are climacteric and, as such, ethylene plays a pivotal role in their ripening and quality traits. In this study, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, EMB1444-like, was found to induce the expression of YELLOW-FRUITED TOMATO 1 (YFT1), which encodes the SlEIN2 protein, a key element in the ethylene signaling pathway. Yeast one-hybrid and EMSA analyses revealed that EMB1444-like binds to the E-box motif (CACTTG, -1295 bp to -1290 bp upstream of the ATG start codon) of the YFT1 promoter (pYFT1). Suppression of EMB1444-like expression in tomato lines (sledl) using RNAi reduced ethylene production by lowering the expression of 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE 2/4 (ACS2/4) and ACC OXIDASE1 (ACO1) in a positive feedback loop. sledl tomato also showed differences in numerous quality traits related to fruit ripening, compared with the wild type, such as delayed chromoplast differentiation, a decrease in carotenoid accumulation, and delayed fruit ripening in an ethylene-independent manner, or at least upstream of ripening mediated by YFT1/SlEIN2. This study elucidates the regulatory framework of fruit ripening in tomato, providing information that may be used to breed tomato hybrid cultivars with an optimal balance of shelf-life, durability, and high quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Zhao
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Joint Tomato Research Institute, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Agriculture Service Center, Kunshan 215300, China
| | - Wenzhen Li
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Joint Tomato Research Institute, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xuemeng Shan
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Joint Tomato Research Institute, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Joint Tomato Research Institute, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lida Zhang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Joint Tomato Research Institute, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lingxia Zhao
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Joint Tomato Research Institute, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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21
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Camarero MC, Briegas B, Corbacho J, Labrador J, Gomez-Jimenez MC. Hormonal Content and Gene Expression during Olive Fruit Growth and Ripening. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3832. [PMID: 38005729 PMCID: PMC10675085 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The cultivated olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea var. europaea) is one of the most valuable fruit trees worldwide. However, the hormonal mechanisms underlying the fruit growth and ripening in olives remain largely uncharacterized. In this study, we investigated the physiological and hormonal changes, by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS), as well as the expression patterns of hormone-related genes, using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis, during fruit growth and ripening in two olive cultivars, 'Arbequina' and 'Picual', with contrasting fruit size and shape as well as fruit ripening duration. Hormonal profiling revealed that olive fruit growth involves a lowering of auxin (IAA), cytokinin (CKs), and jasmonic acid (JA) levels as well as a rise in salicylic acid (SA) levels from the endocarp lignification to the onset of fruit ripening in both cultivars. During olive fruit ripening, both abscisic acid (ABA) and anthocyanin levels rose, while JA levels fell, and SA levels showed no significant changes in either cultivar. By contrast, differential accumulation patterns of gibberellins (GAs) were found between the two cultivars during olive fruit growth and ripening. GA1 was not detected at either stage of fruit development in 'Arbequina', revealing a specific association between the GA1 and 'Picual', the cultivar with large sized, elongated, and fast-ripening fruit. Moreover, ABA may play a central role in regulating olive fruit ripening through transcriptional regulation of key ABA metabolism genes, whereas the IAA, CK, and GA levels and/or responsiveness differ between olive cultivars during olive fruit ripening. Taken together, the results indicate that the relative absence or presence of endogenous GA1 is associated with differences in fruit morphology and size as well as in the ripening duration in olives. Such detailed knowledge may be of help to design new strategies for effective manipulation of olive fruit size as well as ripening duration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maria C. Gomez-Jimenez
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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22
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Shah HMS, Singh Z, Kaur J, Hasan MU, Woodward A, Afrifa-Yamoah E. Trends in maintaining postharvest freshness and quality of Rubus berries. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:4600-4643. [PMID: 37661731 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Blackberries and raspberries, commonly known as Rubus berries, are commercially grown worldwide across different climates. Rubus berries contain wide array of phytochemicals, vitamins, dietary fibers, minerals, and unsaturated fatty acids. Nevertheless, these berries have short storage life which is the major constraint in their supply chains leading to higher postharvest losses. Inappropriate harvest handling, physical bruising, insect pests, and postharvest diseases lower the acceptability of fruit among consumers and other supply chain stakeholders. Additionally, the susceptibility to microbial decay, fruit softening, higher ethylene production, respiratory activity, and increased oxidation of anthocyanins, phenolics, and flavonoids considerably affects the marketability of Rubus berries at domestic and international markets. To date, several postharvest strategies such as cold storage, precooling, modified and controlled atmospheres, anti-ripening chemicals, edible coatings, biological agents, and nonchemical alternatives (heat treatment, ultrasound, irradiations, ozone) have been reported to prolong storage life, ensure food safety, and maintain the nutritional quality of Rubus berries. This review briefly encompasses multiple aspects including harvest maturity indices, regulation of fruit ripening, pre and postharvest factors affecting fruit quality, and an update on postharvest quality preservation by employing postharvest technologies to extend the storage life and maintaining the bioactive compounds in Rubus berries which are lacking in the literature. Accordingly, this review provides valuable information to the industry stakeholders and scientists offering relevant solutions, limitations in the application of certain technologies at commercial scale, highlighting research gaps, and paving the way forward for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zora Singh
- Horticulture, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jashanpreet Kaur
- Horticulture, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mahmood Ul Hasan
- Horticulture, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Woodward
- Horticulture, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Eben Afrifa-Yamoah
- Horticulture, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
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23
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Zenoni S, Savoi S, Busatto N, Tornielli GB, Costa F. Molecular regulation of apple and grape ripening: exploring common and distinct transcriptional aspects of representative climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:6207-6223. [PMID: 37591311 PMCID: PMC10627160 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Fleshy fruits of angiosperms are organs specialized for promoting seed dispersal by attracting herbivores and enticing them to consume the organ and the seeds it contains. Ripening can be broadly defined as the processes serving as a plant strategy to make the fleshy fruit appealing to animals, consisting of a coordinated series of changes in color, texture, aroma, and flavor that result from an intricate interplay of genetically and epigenetically programmed events. The ripening of fruits can be categorized into two types: climacteric, which is characterized by a rapid increase in respiration rate typically accompanied by a burst of ethylene production, and non-climacteric, in which this pronounced peak in respiration is absent. Here we review current knowledge of transcriptomic changes taking place in apple (Malus × domestica, climacteric) and grapevine (Vitis vinifera, non-climacteric) fruit during ripening, with the aim of highlighting specific and common hormonal and molecular events governing the process in the two species. With this perspective, we found that specific NAC transcription factor members participate in ripening initiation in grape and are involved in restoring normal physiological ripening progression in impaired fruit ripening in apple. These elements suggest the existence of a common regulatory mechanism operated by NAC transcription factors and auxin in the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zenoni
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefania Savoi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (Torino), Italy
| | - Nicola Busatto
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 39098 San Michele all’Adige (Trento), Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Costa
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Via Mach 1, 39098 San Michele all’Adige (Trento), Italy
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24
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Pujol M, Garcia-Mas J. Regulation of climacteric fruit ripening in melon: recent advances and future challenges. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:6224-6236. [PMID: 37399085 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening is a complex and highly regulated process where tomato and strawberry have been the model species classically used for studying climacteric and non-climacteric fleshy fruit ripening types, respectively. Melon has emerged as an alternative ripening model because climacteric and non-climacteric cultivars exist, which makes it possible to dissect the regulation of ripening using a genetic approach. Several quantitative trait loci that regulate climacteric fruit ripening have been identified to date, and their combination in both climacteric and non-climacteric genetic backgrounds resulted in lines with different ripening behaviors, demonstrating that the climacteric intensity can be genetically modulated. This review discusses our current knowledge of the physiological changes observed during melon climacteric fruit ripening such as ethylene production, fruit abscission, chlorophyll degradation, firmness, and aroma, as well as their complex genetic control. From pioneer experiments in which ethylene biosynthesis was silenced, to the recent genetic edition of ripening regulators, current data suggest that the climacteric response is determined by the interaction of several loci under quantitative inheritance. The exploitation of the rich genetic diversity of melon will enable the discovery of additional genes involved in the regulation of the climacteric response, ultimately leading to breeding aromatic melon fruits with extended shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pujol
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Garcia-Mas
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Yu Y, Liufu Y, Ren Y, Zhang J, Li M, Tian S, Wang J, Liao S, Gong G, Zhang H, Guo S. Comprehensive Profiling of Alternative Splicing and Alternative Polyadenylation during Fruit Ripening in Watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15333. [PMID: 37895011 PMCID: PMC10607834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruit ripening is a highly complicated process that is accompanied by the formation of fruit quality. In recent years, a series of studies have demonstrated post-transcriptional control play important roles in fruit ripening and fruit quality formation. Till now, the post-transcriptional mechanisms for watermelon fruit ripening have not been comprehensively studied. In this study, we conducted PacBio single-molecule long-read sequencing to identify genome-wide alternative splicing (AS), alternative polyadenylation (APA) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in watermelon fruit. In total, 6,921,295 error-corrected and mapped full-length non-chimeric (FLNC) reads were obtained. Notably, more than 42,285 distinct splicing isoforms were derived from 5,891,183 intron-containing full-length FLNC reads, including a large number of AS events associated with fruit ripening. In addition, we characterized 21,506 polyadenylation sites from 11,611 genes, 8703 of which have APA sites. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that fructose and mannose metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism and carotenoid biosynthesis were both enriched in genes undergoing AS and APA. These results suggest that post-transcriptional regulation might potentially have a key role in regulation of fruit ripening in watermelon. Taken together, our comprehensive PacBio long-read sequencing results offer a valuable resource for watermelon research, and provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the complex regulatory networks of watermelon fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Yu
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China (J.W.)
| | - Yuxiang Liufu
- College of Forestry, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yi Ren
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China (J.W.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China (J.W.)
| | - Maoying Li
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China (J.W.)
| | - Shouwei Tian
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China (J.W.)
| | - Jinfang Wang
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China (J.W.)
| | - Shengjin Liao
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China (J.W.)
| | - Guoyi Gong
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China (J.W.)
| | - Haiying Zhang
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China (J.W.)
| | - Shaogui Guo
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China (J.W.)
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Wang J, Wang Y, Yu Y, Zhang J, Ren Y, Tian S, Li M, Liao S, Guo S, Gong G, Zhang H, Xu Y. ClSnRK2.3 negatively regulates watermelon fruit ripening and sugar accumulation. J Integr Plant Biol 2023; 65:2336-2348. [PMID: 37219233 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) as non-climacteric fruit is domesticated from the ancestors with inedible fruits. We previously revealed that the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway gene ClSnRK2.3 might influence watermelon fruit ripening. However, the molecular mechanisms are unclear. Here, we found that the selective variation of ClSnRK2.3 resulted in lower promoter activity and gene expression level in cultivated watermelons than ancestors, which indicated ClSnRK2.3 might be a negative regulator in fruit ripening. Overexpression (OE) of ClSnRK2.3 significantly delayed watermelon fruit ripening and suppressed the accumulation of sucrose, ABA and gibberellin GA4 . Furthermore, we determined that the pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase (ClPFP1) in sugar metabolism pathway and GA biosynthesis enzyme GA20 oxidase (ClGA20ox) could be phosphorylated by ClSnRK2.3 and thereby resulting in accelerated protein degradation in OE lines and finally led to low levels of sucrose and GA4 . Besides that, ClSnRK2.3 phosphorylated homeodomain-leucine zipper protein (ClHAT1) and protected it from degradation to suppress the expression of the ABA biosynthesis gene 9'-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 3 (ClNCED3). These results indicated that ClSnRK2.3 negatively regulated watermelon fruit ripening by manipulating the biosynthesis of sucrose, ABA and GA4 . Altogether, these findings revealed a novel regulatory mechanism in non-climacteric fruit development and ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yongtao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Shouwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Maoying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Shengjin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Shaogui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Guoyi Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, China
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27
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Xia Y, Lai Z, Do YY, Huang PL. Characterization of MicroRNAs and Gene Expression in ACC Oxidase RNA Interference-Based Transgenic Bananas. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3414. [PMID: 37836154 PMCID: PMC10574930 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Banana (Musa acuminata, AAA group) is a typically respiratory climacteric fruit. Previously, genes encoding ACC oxidase, one of the key enzymes in ethylene biosynthesis, Mh-ACO1 and Mh-ACO2 in bananas were silenced individually using RNAi interference technology, and fruit ripening of transgenic bananas was postponed. Here, the differential expression of miRNAs and their targeted mRNAs were analyzed in the transcriptomes of fruits at the third ripening stage, peel color more green than yellow, from the untransformed and RNAi transgenic bananas. Five significantly differentially expressed miRNAs (mac-miR169a, mac-miR319c-3p, mac-miR171a, mac-miR156e-5p, and mac-miR164a-5p) were identified. The predicted miRNA target genes were mainly enriched in six KEGG pathways, including 'sulfur relay system', 'protein digestion and absorption', 'histidine metabolism', 'pathogenic E. coli infection', 'sulfur metabolism', and 'starch and sucrose metabolism'. After ethylene treatment, the expression of ACC oxidase silencing-associated miRNAs was down-regulated, and that of their target genes was up-regulated along with fruit ripening. The evolutionary clustering relationships of miRNA precursors among 12 gene families related to fruit ripening were analyzed. The corresponding expression patterns of mature bodies were mainly concentrated in flowers, fruits, and leaves. Our results indicated that ethylene biosynthesis is associated with miRNAs regulating the expression of sulfur metabolism-related genes in bananas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xia
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Yi-Yin Do
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pung-Ling Huang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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28
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Zhang J, Wen M, Dai R, Liu X, Wang C. Comparative Physiological and Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Mechanisms of Salicylic-Acid-Reduced Postharvest Ripening in 'Hosui' Pears ( Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai). Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3429. [PMID: 37836170 PMCID: PMC10575155 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest ripening of sand pear fruit leads to quality deterioration, including changes in texture, flavor, and fruit color. Salicylic acid (SA), an important defense-related hormone, delays fruit ripening and maintains fruit quality, but the underling mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we evaluated the efficacy of SA in delaying the ripening process of Pyrus pyrifolia cv. 'Hosui' pear fruit, as evidenced by the reduction in fruit weight loss, inhibition of firmness loss, cell wall degradation and soluble sugars, and retention of total phenols. Based on comparative transcriptomic data, a total of 3837 and 1387 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified during room-temperature storage of control fruit and between SA-treated and control fruit, respectively. Further KEGG analysis revealed that the DEGs were mainly implicated in plant hormone signal transduction, starch and sugar metabolism, and cell wall modification. Moreover, exogenous SA treatment also altered the expression of many transcription factor (TF) families, including those in the ethylene-responsive factor (ERF), NAM, ATAF, CUC (NAC), basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH), basic leucine zipper (bZIP), and v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB) families. Together, the results offer important insights into the role of SA-responsive genes in controlling fruit ripening in sand pears.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chunlei Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.Z.); (M.W.); (R.D.); (X.L.)
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29
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Muñoz-Vargas MA, González-Gordo S, Taboada J, Palma JM, Corpas FJ. In Silico RNAseq and Biochemical Analyses of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PDH) from Sweet Pepper Fruits: Involvement of Nitric Oxide (NO) in Ripening and Modulation. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3408. [PMID: 37836149 PMCID: PMC10574341 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit is a horticultural product consumed worldwide which has great nutritional and economic relevance. Besides the phenotypical changes that pepper fruit undergo during ripening, there are many associated modifications at transcriptomic, proteomic, biochemical, and metabolic levels. Nitric oxide (NO) is a recognized signal molecule that can exert regulatory functions in diverse plant processes including fruit ripening, but the relevance of NADPH as a fingerprinting of the crop physiology including ripening has also been proposed. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway (oxiPPP) with the capacity to generate NADPH. Thus far, the available information on G6PDH and other NADPH-generating enzymatic systems in pepper plants, and their expression during the ripening of sweet pepper fruit, is very scarce. Therefore, an analysis at the transcriptomic, molecular and functional levels of the G6PDH system has been accomplished in this work for the first time. Based on a data-mining approach to the pepper genome and fruit transcriptome (RNA-seq), four G6PDH genes were identified in pepper plants and designated CaG6PDH1 to CaG6PDH4, with all of them also being expressed in fruits. While CaG6PDH1 encodes a cytosolic isozyme, the other genes code for plastid isozymes. The time-course expression analysis of these CaG6PDH genes during different fruit ripening stages, including green immature (G), breaking point (BP), and red ripe (R), showed that they were differentially modulated. Thus, while CaG6PDH2 and CaG6PDH4 were upregulated at ripening, CaG6PDH1 was downregulated, and CaG6PDH3 was slightly affected. Exogenous treatment of fruits with NO gas triggered the downregulation of CaG6PDH2, whereas the other genes were positively regulated. In-gel analysis using non-denaturing PAGE of a 50-75% ammonium-sulfate-enriched protein fraction from pepper fruits allowed for identifying two isozymes designated CaG6PDH I and CaG6PDH II, according to their electrophoretic mobility. In order to test the potential modulation of such pepper G6PDH isozymes, in vitro analyses of green pepper fruit samples in the presence of different compounds including NO donors (S-nitrosoglutathione and nitrosocysteine), peroxynitrite (ONOO-), a hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor (NaHS, sodium hydrosulfide), and reducing agents such as reduced glutathione (GSH) and L-cysteine (L-Cys) were assayed. While peroxynitrite and the reducing compounds provoked a partial inhibition of one or both isoenzymes, NaHS exerted 100% inhibition of the two CaG6PDHs. Taken together these data provide the first data on the modulation of CaG6PDHs at gene and activity levels which occur in pepper fruit during ripening and after NO post-harvest treatment. As a consequence, this phenomenon may influence the NADPH availability for the redox homeostasis of the fruit and balance its active nitro-oxidative metabolism throughout the ripening process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José M. Palma
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain; (M.A.M.-V.); (S.G.-G.); (J.T.)
| | - Francisco J. Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain; (M.A.M.-V.); (S.G.-G.); (J.T.)
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30
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Wen C, Luo T, He Z, Li Y, Yan J, Xu W. Regulation of Tomato Fruit Autophagic Flux and Promotion of Fruit Ripening by the Autophagy-Related Gene SlATG8f. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3339. [PMID: 37765504 PMCID: PMC10536916 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved self-degradation process that involves the degradation and recycling of cellular components and organelles. Although the involvement of autophagy in metabolic changes during fruit ripening has been preliminarily demonstrated, the variations in autophagic flux and specific functional roles in tomato fruit ripening remain to be elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the variations in autophagic flux during tomato fruit ripening. The results revealed differential expression of the SlATG8 family members during tomato fruit ripening. Transmission electron microscopy observations and dansylcadaverine (MDC) staining confirmed the presence of autophagy at the cellular level in tomato fruits. Furthermore, the overexpression of SlATG8f induced the formation of autophagosomes, increased autophagic flux within tomato fruits, and effectively enhanced the expression of ATG8 proteins during the color-transition phase of fruit ripening, thus promoting tomato fruit maturation. SlATG8f overexpression also led to the accumulation of vitamin C (VC) and soluble solids while reducing acidity in the fruit. Collectively, our findings highlight the pivotal role of SlATG8f in enhancing tomato fruit ripening, providing insights into the mechanistic involvement of autophagy in this process. This research contributes to a better understanding of the key factors that regulate tomato fruit quality and offers a theoretical basis for tomato variety improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Wen
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China; (C.W.); (T.L.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Taimin Luo
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China; (C.W.); (T.L.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.)
- Xingyi City Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development, Guizhou 562400, China
| | - Zhuo He
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China; (C.W.); (T.L.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yunzhou Li
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China; (C.W.); (T.L.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jianmin Yan
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China; (C.W.); (T.L.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.)
- Guizhou Higher Education Facility Vegetable Engineering Research Center, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China; (C.W.); (T.L.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.)
- Guizhou Higher Education Facility Vegetable Engineering Research Center, Guizhou 550025, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Abstract
Fruit ripening is a crucial stage in quality development, influenced by a diverse array of internal and external factors. Among these factors, epigenetic regulation holds significant importance and has garnered substantial research attention in recent years. Here, this review aims to discuss the breakthrough in epigenetic regulation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit ripening, including DNA methylation, N6-Methyladenosine mRNA modification, histone demethylation/deacetylation, and non-coding RNA. Through this brief review, we seek to enhance our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing tomato fruit ripening, while providing fresh insights for the precise modulation of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Libo Jiang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Dongchao Ji
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
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32
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Song Z, Zhu X, Lai X, Chen H, Wang L, Yao Y, Chen W, Li X. MaBEL1 regulates banana fruit ripening by activating cell wall and starch degradation-related genes. J Integr Plant Biol 2023; 65:2036-2055. [PMID: 37177912 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Banana is a typical subtropical fruit, sensitive to chilling injuries and prone to softening disorder. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of the softening disorder caused by cold stress remain obscure. Herein, we found that BEL1-LIKE HOMEODOMAIN transcription factor 1 (MaBEL1) and its associated proteins regulate the fruit softening and ripening process. The transcript and protein levels of MaBEL1 were up-regulated with fruit ripening but severely repressed by the chilling stress. Moreover, the MaBEL1 protein interacted directly with the promoters of the cell wall and starch degradation-related genes, such as MaAMY3, MaXYL32, and MaEXP-A8. The transient overexpression of MaBEL1 alleviated fruit chilling injury and ripening disorder caused by cold stress and promoted fruit softening and ripening of "Fenjiao" banana by inducing ethylene production and starch and cell wall degradation. The accelerated ripening was also validated by the ectopic overexpression in tomatoes. Conversely, MaBEL1-silencing aggravated the chilling injury and ripening disorder and repressed fruit softening and ripening by inhibiting ethylene production and starch and cell wall degradation. MaABI5-like and MaEBF1, the two positive regulators of the fruit softening process, interacted with MaBEL1 to enhance the promoter activity of the starch and cell wall degradation-related genes. Moreover, the F-box protein MaEBF1 does not modulate the degradation of MaBEL1, which regulates the transcription of MaABI5-like protein. Overall, we report a novel MaBEL1-MaEBF1-MaABI5-like complex system that mediates the fruit softening and ripening disorder in "Fenjiao" bananas caused by cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunyang Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiuhua Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hangcong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yulin Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Weixin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xueping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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Dorta T, Gil-Muñoz F, Carrasco F, Zuriaga E, Ríos G, Blasco M. Physiological Changes and Transcriptomic Analysis throughout On-Tree Fruit Ripening Process in Persimmon ( Diospyros kaki L.). Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2895. [PMID: 37631107 PMCID: PMC10457761 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of effectors and transcriptional regulators in persimmon fruit maturation has been mostly approached by the literature under postharvest conditions. In order to elucidate the participation of these genes in the on-tree fruit maturation development, we have collected samples from seven persimmon germplasm accessions at different developmental stages until physiological maturation. This study has focused on the expression analysis of 13 genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and response pathways, as well as the evolution of important agronomical traits such as skin colour, weight, and firmness. Results revealed different gene expression patterns, with genes up- and down-regulated during fruit development progression. A principal component analysis was performed to correlate gene expression with agronomical traits. The decreasing expression of the ethylene biosynthetic genes DkACO1, DkACO2, and DkACS2, in concordance with other sensing (DkERS1) and transduction genes (DkERF18), provides a molecular mechanism for the previously described high production of ethylene in immature detached fruits. On the other side, DkERF8 and DkERF16 are postulated to induce fruit softening and skin colour change during natural persimmon fruit ripening via DkXTH9 and DkPSY activation, respectively. This study provides valuable information for a better understanding of the ethylene signalling pathway and its regulation during on-tree fruit ripening in persimmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Dorta
- Valencian Institute for Agricultural Research (IVIA), Road CV-315 Km 10.7, 46113 Valencia, Spain (G.R.)
| | - Francisco Gil-Muñoz
- Valencian Institute for Agricultural Research (IVIA), Road CV-315 Km 10.7, 46113 Valencia, Spain (G.R.)
| | - Fany Carrasco
- Valencian Institute for Agricultural Research (IVIA), Road CV-315 Km 10.7, 46113 Valencia, Spain (G.R.)
| | - Elena Zuriaga
- Valencian Institute for Agricultural Research (IVIA), Road CV-315 Km 10.7, 46113 Valencia, Spain (G.R.)
| | - Gabino Ríos
- Valencian Institute for Agricultural Research (IVIA), Road CV-315 Km 10.7, 46113 Valencia, Spain (G.R.)
| | - Manuel Blasco
- CANSO, Avenue Cooperativa Agrícola Verge de Oreto, 1, 46250 L’Alcudia, Spain
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Yue Q, Yang X, Cheng P, He J, Shen W, Li Y, Ma F, Niu C, Guan Q. Heterologous Overexpression of Apple MdKING1 Promotes Fruit Ripening in Tomato. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2848. [PMID: 37571003 PMCID: PMC10421076 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening is governed by a complex regulatory network, and ethylene plays an important role in this process. MdKING1 is a γ subunit of SNF1-related protein kinases (SnRKs), but the function was unclear. Here, we characterized the role of MdKING1 during fruit ripening, which can promote fruit ripening through the ethylene pathway. Our findings reveal that MdKING1 has higher expression in early-ripening cultivars than late-ripening during the early stage of apple fruit development, and its transcription level significantly increased during apple fruit ripening. Overexpression of MdKING1 (MdKING1 OE) in tomatoes could promote early ripening of fruits, with the increase in ethylene content and the loss of fruit firmness. Ethylene inhibitor treatment could delay the fruit ripening of both MdKING1 OE and WT fruits. However, MdKING1 OE fruits turned fruit ripe faster, with an increase in carotenoid content compared with WT. In addition, the expression of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis (SlACO1, SlACS2, and SlACS4), carotenoid biosynthesis (SlPSY1 and SlGgpps2a), and fruit firmness regulation (SlPG2a, SlPL, and SlCEL2) was also increased in the fruits of MdKING1 OE plants. In conclusion, our results suggest that MdKING1 plays a key role in promoting tomato fruit ripening, thus providing a theoretical basis for apple fruit quality improvement by genetic engineering in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Yue
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen 518000, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Xinyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Pengda Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Jieqiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Wenyun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Yixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Chundong Niu
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen 518000, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Qingmei Guan
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen 518000, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
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Van Haeverbeke M, De Baets B, Stock M. Plant impedance spectroscopy: a review of modeling approaches and applications. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1187573. [PMID: 37588419 PMCID: PMC10426379 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1187573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy has emerged over the past decade as an efficient, non-destructive method to investigate various (eco-)physiological and morphological properties of plants. This work reviews the state-of-the-art of impedance spectra modeling for plant applications. In addition to covering the traditional, widely-used representations of electrochemical impedance spectra, we also consider the more recent machine-learning-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Van Haeverbeke
- Knowledge-Based Systems (KERMIT), Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Wei F, Wan R, Shi Z, Ma W, Wang H, Chen Y, Bo J, Li Y, An W, Qin K, Cao Y. Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Reveal the Critical Genes of Carotenoid Biosynthesis and Color Formation of Goji ( Lycium barbarum L.) Fruit Ripening. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2791. [PMID: 37570945 PMCID: PMC10421014 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids in goji (Lycium barbarum L.) have excellent health benefits, but the underlying mechanism of carotenoid synthesis and color formation in goji fruit ripening is still unclear. The present study uses transcriptomics and metabolomics to investigate carotenoid biosynthesis and color formation differences in N1 (red fruit) and N1Y (yellow fruit) at three stages of ripening. Twenty-seven carotenoids were identified in N1 and N1Y fruits during the M1, M2, and M3 periods, with the M2 and M3 periods being critical for the difference in carotenoid and color between N1 and N1Y fruit. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), gene trend analysis, and correlation analysis suggest that PSY1 and ZDS16 may be important players in the synthesis of carotenoids during goji fruit ripening. Meanwhile, 63 transcription factors (TFs) were identified related to goji fruit carotenoid biosynthesis. Among them, four TFs (CMB1-1, WRKY22-1, WRKY22-3, and RAP2-13-like) may have potential regulatory relationships with PSY1 and ZDS16. This work sheds light on the molecular network of carotenoid synthesis and explains the differences in carotenoid accumulation in different colored goji fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wei
- Wolfberry Engineering Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China; (R.W.); (Y.L.); (W.A.); (K.Q.); (Y.C.)
- Ningxia State Farm A&F Technology Central, Yinchuan 750002, China; (W.M.); (H.W.); (Y.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Ru Wan
- Wolfberry Engineering Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China; (R.W.); (Y.L.); (W.A.); (K.Q.); (Y.C.)
| | - Zhigang Shi
- Wolfberry Engineering Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China; (R.W.); (Y.L.); (W.A.); (K.Q.); (Y.C.)
| | - Wenli Ma
- Ningxia State Farm A&F Technology Central, Yinchuan 750002, China; (W.M.); (H.W.); (Y.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Hao Wang
- Ningxia State Farm A&F Technology Central, Yinchuan 750002, China; (W.M.); (H.W.); (Y.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Yongwei Chen
- Ningxia State Farm A&F Technology Central, Yinchuan 750002, China; (W.M.); (H.W.); (Y.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Jianhua Bo
- Ningxia State Farm A&F Technology Central, Yinchuan 750002, China; (W.M.); (H.W.); (Y.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Yunxiang Li
- Wolfberry Engineering Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China; (R.W.); (Y.L.); (W.A.); (K.Q.); (Y.C.)
| | - Wei An
- Wolfberry Engineering Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China; (R.W.); (Y.L.); (W.A.); (K.Q.); (Y.C.)
| | - Ken Qin
- Wolfberry Engineering Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China; (R.W.); (Y.L.); (W.A.); (K.Q.); (Y.C.)
| | - Youlong Cao
- Wolfberry Engineering Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China; (R.W.); (Y.L.); (W.A.); (K.Q.); (Y.C.)
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Wang L, Jing M, Gu S, Li D, Dai X, Chen Z, Chen J. Genome-Wide Investigation of BAM Gene Family in Annona atemoya: Evolution and Expression Network Profiles during Fruit Ripening. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10516. [PMID: 37445694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
β-amylase proteins (BAM) are important to many aspects of physiological process such as starch degradation. However, little information was available about the BAM genes in Annona atemoya, an important tropical fruit. Seven BAM genes containing the conservative domain of glycoside hydrolase family 14 (PF01373) were identified with Annona atemoya genome, and these BAM genes can be divided into four groups. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that AaBAM3 and AaBAM9 were located in the chloroplast, and AaBAM1.2 was located in the cell membrane and the chloroplast. The AaBAMs belonging to Subfamily I contribute to starch degradation have the higher expression than those belonging to Subfamily II. The analysis of the expression showed that AaBAM3 may function in the whole fruit ripening process, and AaBAM1.2 may be important to starch degradation in other organs. Temperature and ethylene affect the expression of major AaBAM genes in Subfamily I during fruit ripening. These expressions and subcellular localization results indicating β-amylase play an important role in starch degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Minmin Jing
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Shuailei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Xiaohong Dai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
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Taboada J, González-Gordo S, Muñoz-Vargas MA, Palma JM, Corpas FJ. NADP-Dependent Malic Enzyme Genes in Sweet Pepper Fruits: Involvement in Ripening and Modulation by Nitric Oxide (NO). Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2353. [PMID: 37375977 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
NADPH is an indispensable cofactor in a wide range of physiological processes that is generated by a family of NADPH dehydrogenases, of which the NADP-dependent malic enzyme (NADP-ME) is a member. Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit is a horticultural product consumed worldwide that has great nutritional and economic relevance. Besides the phenotypical changes that pepper fruit undergoes during ripening, there are many associated modifications at transcriptomic, proteome, biochemical and metabolic levels. Nitric oxide (NO) is a recognized signal molecule with regulatory functions in diverse plant processes. To our knowledge, there is very scarce information about the number of genes encoding for NADP-ME in pepper plants and their expression during the ripening of sweet pepper fruit. Using a data mining approach to evaluate the pepper plant genome and fruit transcriptome (RNA-seq), five NADP-ME genes were identified, and four of them, namely CaNADP-ME2 to CaNADP-ME5, were expressed in fruit. The time course expression analysis of these genes during different fruit ripening stages, including green immature (G), breaking point (BP) and red ripe (R), showed that they were differentially modulated. Thus, while CaNADP-ME3 and CaNADP-ME5 were upregulated, CaNADP-ME2 and CaNADP-ME4 were downregulated. Exogenous NO treatment of fruit triggered the downregulation of CaNADP-ME4. We obtained a 50-75% ammonium-sulfate-enriched protein fraction containing CaNADP-ME enzyme activity, and this was assayed via non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The results allow us to identify four isozymes designated from CaNADP-ME I to CaNADP-ME IV. Taken together, the data provide new pieces of information on the CaNADP-ME system with the identification of five CaNADP-ME genes and how the four genes expressed in pepper fruits are modulated during ripening and exogenous NO gas treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Taboada
- Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Salvador González-Gordo
- Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - María A Muñoz-Vargas
- Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - José M Palma
- Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
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He Y, Wu Q, Cui C, Tian Q, Zhang D, Zhang Y. ChIP-Seq Analysis of SlAREB1 Downstream Regulatory Network during Tomato Ripening. Foods 2023; 12:2357. [PMID: 37372568 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SlAREB1, a member of the abscisic acid (ABA) response element-binding factors (AREB/ABFs) family, was reported to play a crucial role in the expression of ABA-regulated downstream genes and affect the ripening of tomato fruit. However, the downstream genes of SlAREB1 are still unclear. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a powerful tool and a standard method for studying the interactions between DNA and proteins at the genome-wide level. In the present study, SlAREB1 was proved to continually increase until the mature green stage and then decrease during the ripening period, and a total of 972 gene peaks were identified downstream of SlAREB1 by ChIP-seq analysis, mainly located in the intergenic and promoter regions. Further gene ontology (GO) annotation analysis revealed that the target sequence of SlAREB1 was the most involved in biological function. Kyoto Encylopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that the identified genes were mainly involved in the oxidative phosphorylation and photosynthesis pathways, and some of them were associated with tomato phytohormone synthesis, the cell wall, pigment, and the antioxidant characteristic of the fruit as well. Based on these results, an initial model of SlAREB1 regulation on tomato fruit ripening was constructed, which provided a theoretical basis for further exploring the effects of the regulation mechanism of SlAREB1 and ABA on tomato fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan He
- Engineering Center of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Engineering Center of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chunxiao Cui
- Engineering Center of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qisheng Tian
- Engineering Center of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Engineering Center of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yurong Zhang
- Engineering Center of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Darnet E, Teixeira B, Schaller H, Rogez H, Darnet S. Elucidating the Mesocarp Drupe Transcriptome of Açai ( Euterpe oleracea Mart.): An Amazonian Tree Palm Producer of Bioactive Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119315. [PMID: 37298279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Euterpe oleracea palm, endemic to the Amazon region, is well known for açai, a fruit violet beverage with nutritional and medicinal properties. During E. oleracea fruit ripening, anthocyanin accumulation is not related to sugar production, contrarily to grape and blueberry. Ripened fruits have a high content of anthocyanins, isoprenoids, fibers, and proteins, and are poor in sugars. E. oleracea is proposed as a new genetic model for metabolism partitioning in the fruit. Approximately 255 million single-end-oriented reads were generated on an Ion Proton NGS platform combining fruit cDNA libraries at four ripening stages. The de novo transcriptome assembly was tested using six assemblers and 46 different combinations of parameters, a pre-processing and a post-processing step. The multiple k-mer approach with TransABySS as an assembler and Evidential Gene as a post-processer have shown the best results, with an N50 of 959 bp, a read coverage mean of 70x, a BUSCO complete sequence recovery of 36% and an RBMT of 61%. The fruit transcriptome dataset included 22,486 transcripts representing 18 Mbp, of which a proportion of 87% had significant homology with other plant sequences. Approximately 904 new EST-SSRs were described, and were common and transferable to Phoenix dactylifera and Elaeis guineensis, two other palm trees. The global GO classification of transcripts showed similar categories to that in P. dactylifera and E. guineensis fruit transcriptomes. For an accurate annotation and functional description of metabolism genes, a bioinformatic pipeline was developed to precisely identify orthologs, such as one-to-one orthologs between species, and to infer multigenic family evolution. The phylogenetic inference confirmed an occurrence of duplication events in the Arecaceae lineage and the presence of orphan genes in E. oleracea. Anthocyanin and tocopherol pathways were annotated entirely. Interestingly, the anthocyanin pathway showed a high number of paralogs, similar to in grape, whereas the tocopherol pathway exhibited a low and conserved gene number and the prediction of several splicing forms. The release of this exhaustively annotated molecular dataset of E. oleracea constitutes a valuable tool for further studies in metabolism partitioning and opens new great perspectives to study fruit physiology with açai as a model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Darnet
- Centre for Valorization of Amazonian Bioactive Compounds (CVACBA) & Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-750, PA, Brazil
- International Associated Laboratory PALMHEAT, Frech Scientific Research National Center (CNRS)/UFPA, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Teixeira
- Centre for Valorization of Amazonian Bioactive Compounds (CVACBA) & Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-750, PA, Brazil
| | - Hubert Schaller
- International Associated Laboratory PALMHEAT, Frech Scientific Research National Center (CNRS)/UFPA, 75016 Paris, France
- Plant Isoprenoid Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology of Plants of the Scientific Research National Center, Strasbourg University, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Hervé Rogez
- Centre for Valorization of Amazonian Bioactive Compounds (CVACBA) & Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-750, PA, Brazil
| | - Sylvain Darnet
- Centre for Valorization of Amazonian Bioactive Compounds (CVACBA) & Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-750, PA, Brazil
- International Associated Laboratory PALMHEAT, Frech Scientific Research National Center (CNRS)/UFPA, 75016 Paris, France
- Plant Isoprenoid Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology of Plants of the Scientific Research National Center, Strasbourg University, 67081 Strasbourg, France
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Martinoia E, Neuhaus E. A complex network regulating malate contents during fruit ripening in climacteric fruits. New Phytol 2023. [PMID: 37203357 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Martinoia
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, RPTU, Erwin-Schrödinger Straße, Kaiserslautern, D-67653, Germany
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Ferrari M, Muto A, Bruno L, Muzzalupo I, Chiappetta A. Modulation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis-Related Genes during the Ripening of Olea europaea L. cvs Carolea and Tondina Drupes in Relation to Environmental Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108770. [PMID: 37240115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins protect plants against various biotic and abiotic stresses, and anthocyanin-rich foods exert benefits on human health due to their antioxidant activity. Nevertheless, little information is available on the influence of genetic and environmental factors on the anthocyanin content in olive fruits. Based on this consideration, the total anthocyanin content, the genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, and three putative R2R3-MYB transcription factors were evaluated at different ripening stages in the drupes of the Carolea and Tondina cultivars, sampled at different altitudes in the Calabria region, Italy. During drupe ripening, the total anthocyanin content and the transcript levels of analyzed genes gradually increased. In line with the anthocyanin content, a different level of expression of anthocyanin structural genes was observed in 'Carolea' compared to 'Tondina', and in relation to the cultivation area. Furthermore, we identified Oeu050989.1 as a putative R2R3-MYB involved in the regulation of anthocyanin structural genes correlated with the environmental temperature change response. We conclude that anthocyanin accumulation is strongly regulated by development, genotype, and also by environmental factors such as temperature, associated with the altitude gradient. The obtained results contribute to reducing the current information gap regarding the molecular mechanisms on anthocyanin biosynthesis regulation related to the environmental conditions in Olea europaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ferrari
- Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Antonella Muto
- Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bruno
- Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Innocenzo Muzzalupo
- CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economy Analysis, Forestry and Wood Research Center, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Adriana Chiappetta
- Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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Moya-León MA, Stappung Y, Mattus-Araya E, Herrera R. Insights into the Genes Involved in ABA Biosynthesis and Perception during Development and Ripening of the Chilean Strawberry Fruit. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108531. [PMID: 37239876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormones act as master ripening regulators. In non-climacteric fruit, ABA plays a key role in ripening. Recently, we confirmed in Fragaria chiloensis fruit that in response to ABA treatment the fruit induces ripening-associated changes such as softening and color development. In consequence of these phenotypic changes, transcriptional variations associated with cell wall disassembly and anthocyanins biosynthesis were reported. As ABA stimulates the ripening of F. chiloensis fruit, the molecular network involved in ABA metabolism was analyzed. Therefore, the expression level of genes involved in ABA biosynthesis and ABA perception was quantified during the development of the fruit. Four NCED/CCDs and six PYR/PYLs family members were identified in F. chiloensis. Bioinformatics analyses confirmed the existence of key domains related to functional properties. Through RT-qPCR analyses, the level of transcripts was quantified. FcNCED1 codifies a protein that displays crucial functional domains, and the level of transcripts increases as the fruit develops and ripens, in parallel with the increment in ABA. In addition, FcPYL4 codifies for a functional ABA receptor, and its expression follows an incremental pattern during ripening. The study concludes that FcNCED1 is involved in ABA biosynthesis; meanwhile, FcPYL4 participates in ABA perception during the ripening of F. chiloensis fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Moya-León
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y Genética Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile
| | - Yazmina Stappung
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y Genética Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile
| | - Elena Mattus-Araya
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y Genética Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile
| | - Raúl Herrera
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y Genética Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile
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González-Gordo S, Muñoz-Vargas MA, Palma JM, Corpas FJ. Class III Peroxidases (POD) in Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.): Genome-Wide Identification and Regulation during Nitric Oxide (NO)-Influenced Fruit Ripening. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051013. [PMID: 37237879 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The class III peroxidases (PODs) catalyze the oxidation of several substrates coupled to the reduction of H2O2 to water, and play important roles in diverse plant processes. The POD family members have been well-studied in several plant species, but little information is available on sweet pepper fruit physiology. Based on the existing pepper genome, a total of 75 CaPOD genes have been identified, but only 10 genes were found in the fruit transcriptome (RNA-Seq). The time-course expression analysis of these genes showed that two were upregulated during fruit ripening, seven were downregulated, and one gene was unaffected. Furthermore, nitric oxide (NO) treatment triggered the upregulation of two CaPOD genes whereas the others were unaffected. Non-denaturing PAGE and in-gel activity staining allowed identifying four CaPOD isozymes (CaPOD I-CaPOD IV) which were differentially modulated during ripening and by NO. In vitro analyses of green fruit samples with peroxynitrite, NO donors, and reducing agents triggered about 100% inhibition of CaPOD IV. These data support the modulation of POD at gene and activity levels, which is in agreement with the nitro-oxidative metabolism of pepper fruit during ripening, and suggest that POD IV is a target for nitration and reducing events that lead to its inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador González-Gordo
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - María A Muñoz-Vargas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - José M Palma
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
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Lu W, Wei X, Han X, Chen R, Xiao C, Zheng X, Mao L. Participation of FaTRAB1 Transcription Factor in the Regulation of FaMADS1 Involved in ABA-Dependent Ripening of Strawberry Fruit. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091802. [PMID: 37174341 PMCID: PMC10177999 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in regulating the ripening of non-climacteric strawberry fruit. In the present study, ABA was confirmed to promote strawberry ripening and induce the down-regulation of FaMADS1. The transient silence of FaMADS1 in strawberries promoted fruit ripening and induced the content of anthocyanin and soluble pectin but reduced firmness and protopectin through a tobacco rattle virus-induced gene silencing technique. In parallel with the accelerated ripening, the genes were significantly induced in the transiently modified fruit, including anthocyanin-related PAL6, C4H, 4CL, DFR, and UFGT, softening-related PL and XTH, and aroma-related QR and AAT2. In addition, the interaction between FaMADS1 and ABA-related transcription factors was researched. Yeast one-hybrid analysis indicated that the FaMADS1 promoter could interact with FaABI5-5, FaTRAB1, and FaABI5. Furthermore, dual-luciferase assay suggested that FaTRAB1 could actively bind with the FaMADS1 promoter, resulting in the decreased expression of FaMADS1. In brief, these results suggest that the ABA-dependent ripening of strawberry fruit was probably inhibited through inhibiting FaMADS1 expression by the active binding of transcript FaTRAB1 with the FaMADS1 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Lu
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 298 Desheng Road, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of AgroFood Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wei
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of AgroFood Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xueyuan Han
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of AgroFood Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Renchi Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of AgroFood Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chaogeng Xiao
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 298 Desheng Road, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xiaojie Zheng
- Department of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou 325006, China
| | - Linchun Mao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of AgroFood Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
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46
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Xiong F, Tian J, Wei Z, Deng K, Li Y, Zhang Y. Suppression of the target of rapamycin kinase accelerates tomato fruit ripening through reprogramming the transcription profile and promoting ethylene biosynthesis. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:2603-2619. [PMID: 36786543 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tomato fruit ripening is a unique process of nutritional and energy metabolism. Target of rapamycin (TOR), a conserved serine/threonine protein kinase in eukaryotes, controls cell growth and metabolism by integrating nutrient, energy, and hormone signals. However, it remains unclear whether TOR participates in the modulation of tomato fruit ripening. Here, we showed that the manipulation of SlTOR by chemical or genetic methods greatly alters the process of tomato fruit maturation. Expression pattern analysis revealed that the transcripts of SlTOR declined as fruit ripening progressed. Moreover, suppression of SlTOR by TOR inhibitor AZD8055 or knock down of its transcripts by inducible RNA interference, accelerated fruit ripening, and led to overall effects on fruit maturity, including changes in colour and metabolism, fruit softening, and expression of ripening-related genes. Genome-wide transcription analysis indicated that silencing SlTOR reprogrammed the transcript profile associated with ripening, including cell wall and phytohormone pathways, elevated the expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes, and further promoted ethylene production. In contrast, the ethylene action inhibitor 1-MCP efficiently blocked fruit maturation, even following SlTOR inhibition. These results suggest that accelerated fruit ripening caused by SlTOR inhibition depends on ethylene, and that SlTOR may function as a regulator in ethylene metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjie Xiong
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jianwei Tian
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wei
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Kexuan Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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Beiro-Valenzuela M, Serrano-García I, Monasterio RP, Moreno-Tovar MV, Hurtado-Fernández E, González-Fernández JJ, Hormaza JI, Pedreschi R, Olmo-García L, Carrasco-Pancorbo A. Characterization of the Polar Profile of Bacon and Fuerte Avocado Fruits by Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: Distribution of Non-structural Carbohydrates, Quinic Acid, and Chlorogenic Acid between Seed, Mesocarp, and Exocarp at Different Ripening Stages. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:5674-5685. [PMID: 36988630 PMCID: PMC10103167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Avocado fruit growth and development, unlike that of other fruits, is characterized by the accumulation of oil and C7 sugars (in most fruits, the carbohydrates that prevail are C6). There are five essential carbohydrates which constitute 98% of the total content of soluble sugars in this fruit; these are fructose, glucose, sucrose, d-mannoheptulose, and perseitol, which together with quinic acid and chlorogenic acid have been the analytes under study in this work. After applying an efficient extraction procedure, a novel methodology based on hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was applied to determine the levels of these seven substances in tissues─exocarp, seed, and mesocarp─from avocado fruits of two different varieties scarcely studied, Bacon and Fuerte, at three different ripening stages. Quantitative characterization of the selected tissues was performed, and the inter-tissue distribution of metabolites was described. For both varieties, d-mannoheptulose was the major component in the mesocarp and exocarp, whereas perseitol was predominant in the seed, followed by sucrose and d-mannoheptulose. Sucrose was found to be more abundant in seed tissues, with much lower concentrations in avocado mesocarp and exocarp. Quinic acid showed a predominance in the exocarp, and chlorogenic acid was exclusively determined in exocarp samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- María
Gemma Beiro-Valenzuela
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Ave. Fuentenueva s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Irene Serrano-García
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Ave. Fuentenueva s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Romina P. Monasterio
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Ave. Fuentenueva s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
- Facultad
de Ciencias Agrarias, Instituto de Biología Agrícola
de Mendoza (IBAM), UNCuyo—CONICET, Chacras de Coria, Mendoza 5505, Argentina
| | - María Virginia Moreno-Tovar
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Ave. Fuentenueva s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Elena Hurtado-Fernández
- Department
of Biological and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Avda. de las Universidades s/n, Dos Hermanas, Sevilla 41704, Spain
| | - José Jorge González-Fernández
- Institute
for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture (IHSM La Mayora-UMA-CSIC), Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga 29750, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Hormaza
- Institute
for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture (IHSM La Mayora-UMA-CSIC), Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga 29750, Spain
| | - Romina Pedreschi
- Facultad
de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Escuela de Agronomía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Calle San Francisco S/N, La Palma, Quillota 2260000, Chile
- Millennium
Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CRG), Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Lucía Olmo-García
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Ave. Fuentenueva s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Alegría Carrasco-Pancorbo
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Ave. Fuentenueva s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
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Meng F, Liu H, Hu S, Jia C, Zhang M, Li S, Li Y, Lin J, Jian Y, Wang M, Shao Z, Mao Y, Liu L, Wang Q. The brassinosteroid signaling component SlBZR1 promotes tomato fruit ripening and carotenoid accumulation. J Integr Plant Biol 2023. [PMID: 37009849 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone ethylene is essential for climacteric fruit ripening, although it is unclear how other phytohormones and their interactions with ethylene might affect fruit ripening. Here, we explored how brassinosteroids (BRs) regulate fruit ripening in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and how they interact with ethylene. Exogenous BR treatment and increased endogenous BR contents in tomato plants overexpressing the BR biosynthetic gene SlCYP90B3 promoted ethylene production and fruit ripening. Genetic analysis indicated that the BR signaling regulators Brassinazole-resistant1 (SlBZR1) and BRI1-EMS-suppressor1 (SlBES1) act redundantly in fruit softening. Knocking out SlBZR1 inhibited ripening through transcriptome reprogramming at the onset of ripening. Combined transcriptome deep sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing identified 73 SlBZR1-repressed targets and 203 SlBZR1-induced targets involving major ripening-related genes, suggesting that SlBZR1 positively regulates tomato fruit ripening. SlBZR1 directly targeted several ethylene and carotenoid biosynthetic genes to contribute to the ethylene burst and carotenoid accumulation to ensure normal ripening and quality formation. Furthermore, knock-out of Brassinosteroid-insensitive2 (SlBIN2), a negative regulator of BR signaling upstream of SlBZR1, promoted fruit ripening and carotenoid accumulation. Taken together, our results highlight the role of SlBZR1 as a master regulator of tomato fruit ripening with potential for tomato quality improvement and carotenoid biofortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanliang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Haoran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Songshen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chengguo Jia
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Songwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiayao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yue Jian
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mengyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhiyong Shao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuanyu Mao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Jiang L, Lin Y, Wang L, Peng Y, Yang M, Jiang Y, Hou G, Liu X, Li M, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Wang Y, He W, Wang X, Tang H, Luo Y. Genome-wide identification and expression profiling reveal the regulatory role of U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase genes in strawberry fruit ripening and abiotic stresses resistance. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1171056. [PMID: 37035055 PMCID: PMC10078948 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1171056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The plant U-box (PUB) proteins are a type of E3 ubiquitin ligases well known for their functions in response to various stresses. They are also related to fruit development and ripening. However, PUB members possess such roles that remain unclear in strawberry. In this study, 155 PUB genes were identified in octoploid strawberry and classified into four groups. Their promoters possessed a variety of cis-acting elements, most of which are associated with abiotic stresses, followed by phytohormones response and development. Protein-protein interaction analysis suggested that FaU-box members could interact with each other as well as other proteins involved in hormone signaling and stress resistance. Transcriptome-based and RT-qPCR expression analysis revealed the potential involvement of FaU-box genes in resistance to stresses and fruit ripening. Of these, FaU-box98 and FaU-box136 were positively while FaU-box52 was negatively related to strawberry ripening. FaU-box98 comprehensively participated in resistance of ABA, cold, and salt, while FaU-box83 and FaU-box136 were broadly associated with drought and salt stresses. FaU-box18 and FaU-box52 were ABA-specific; FaU-box3 was specific to salt stress. In addition, the functional analysis of a randomly selected FaU-box (FaU-box127) showed that the transient overexpression of FaU-box127 promoted the ripening of strawberry fruit, along with significant changes in the expression levels of some ripening-related genes and the content of organic acid and soluble sugar. Overall, these findings provided comprehensive information about the FaU-box gene family and identified the potential FaU-box members participating in stress resistance and strawberry fruit ripening regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiyu Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanxiu Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangxin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuting Peng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuyan Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoyan Hou
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoru Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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50
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Wang Z, Yao XM, Jia CH, Xu BY, Wang JY, Liu JH, Jin ZQ. Identification and analysis of lignin biosynthesis genes related to fruit ripening and stress response in banana (Musa acuminata L. AAA group, cv. Cavendish). Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1072086. [PMID: 37035063 PMCID: PMC10074854 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1072086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignin is a key component of the secondary cell wall of plants, providing mechanical support and facilitating water transport as well as having important impact effects in response to a variety of biological and abiotic stresses. RESULTS In this study, we identified 104 genes from ten enzyme gene families related to lignin biosynthesis in Musa acuminata genome and found the number of MaCOMT gene family was the largest, while MaC3Hs had only two members. MaPALs retained the original members, and the number of Ma4CLs in lignin biosynthesis was significantly less than that of flavonoids. Segmental duplication existed in most gene families, except for MaC3Hs, and tandem duplication was the main way to expand the number of MaCOMTs. Moreover, the expression profiles of lignin biosynthesis genes during fruit development, postharvest ripening stages and under various abiotic and biological stresses were investigated using available RNA-sequencing data to obtain fruit ripening and stress response candidate genes. Finally, a co-expression network of lignin biosynthesis genes was constructed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis to elucidate the lignin biosynthesis genes that might participate in lignin biosynthesis in banana during development and in response to stresses. CONCLUSION This study systematically identified the lignin biosynthesis genes in the Musa acuminata genome, providing important candidate genes for further functional analysis. The identification of the major genes involved in lignin biosynthesis in banana provides the basis for the development of strategies to improve new banana varieties tolerant to biological and abiotic stresses with high yield and high quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Xiao-ming Yao
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Sanya, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Sanya, China
| | - Cai-hong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Bi-yu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jing-yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ju-hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Zhi-qiang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, China
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