1
|
Liu H, Li J, He Y, Zheng T, Lin H, Xu C, Zhang Q, Ye Y, Lin C, Shen Z. Characterization of transgenic insect resistant sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) expressing fusion protein Cry1Ab-Vip3Af2. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:136219. [PMID: 39362429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 09/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Lepidopteran pests frequently cause significant damage to Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus). In this study, the insect resistant fusion gene Cry1Ab-Vip3Af2 was transformed into sunflower by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. A transgenic event, named MCPN-7, was selected and characterized for its high resistance to both yellow peach moth (Dichocrocis punctiferalis) and cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera), two polyphagous pests feeding on various plants including sunflower. The neonates of both species feeding on MCPN-7 resulted to 100 % mortality within 72 h in laboratory bioassays. No significant damage caused by the two insects was observed in field trials of MCPN-7. ELISA analysis revealed that the fusion protein was predominantly expressed in leaves, seeds and heads. The flanking genomic sequence of the T-DNA of the event MCPN-7 was determined and confirmed by PCR analysis. In conclusion, the transgenic sunflowers obtained in this study is highly resistant to wide spectrum of Lepidopteran insect pests and could potentially be a candidate event for commercial development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hengzhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yiyang He
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- Hangzhou Ruifeng Biosciences Co., Ltd., 1500 Wenyi Road, Building 1, Room103, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haiyan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Hangzhou Ruifeng Biosciences Co., Ltd., 1500 Wenyi Road, Building 1, Room103, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Hangzhou Ruifeng Biosciences Co., Ltd., 1500 Wenyi Road, Building 1, Room103, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuxuan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chaoyang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhicheng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China; Hangzhou Ruifeng Biosciences Co., Ltd., 1500 Wenyi Road, Building 1, Room103, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wei H, He W, Mao X, Liao S, Wang Q, Wang Z, Tang M, Xu T, Chen H. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and exogenous Ca 2+ application synergistically enhance salt and alkali resistance in perennial ryegrass through diverse adaptive strategies. Microbiol Res 2024; 289:127906. [PMID: 39321594 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
The challenge of soil salinization and alkalization, with its significant impact on crop productivity, has raised growing concerns with global population growth and enhanced environmental degradation. Although arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and calcium ions (Ca2+) are known to enhance plant resistance to stress, their combined effects on perennial ryegrass' tolerance to salt and alkali stress and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the roles of Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Rhizophagus irregularis and exogenous Ca2+ application in molecular and physiological responses to salt-alkali stress. AM symbiosis and exogenous Ca2+ application enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity and non-enzymatic components, promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and reducing lipid peroxidation while alleviating oxidative damage induced by salt-alkali stress. Furthermore, they enhanced osmotic balance by increasing soluble sugar content (Proportion of contribution of the osmotic adjustment were 34∼38 % in shoots and 30∼37 % in roots) under salt stress and organic acid content (Proportion of contribution of the osmotic adjustment were 32∼36 % in shoots and 37∼42 % in roots) under alkali stress. Changes in organic solute and inorganic cation-anion contents contributed to ion balance, while hormonal regulation played a role in these protective mechanisms. Moreover, the protective mechanisms involved activation of Ca2+-mediated signaling pathways, regulation of salt-alkali stress-related genes (including LpNHX1 and LpSOS1), increased ATPase activity, elevated ATP levels, enhanced Na+ extrusion, improved K+ absorption capacity, and a reduced Na+/K+ ratio, all contributing to the protection of photosynthetic pigments and the enhancement of photosynthetic efficiency. Ultimately, the combined application of exogenous Ca2+ and AMF synergistically alleviated the inhibitory effects of salt-alkali stress on perennial ryegrass growth. This finding suggested that exogenous Ca2+ may participate in the colonization of perennial ryegrass plants by R. irregularis, while AM symbiosis may activate Ca2+ pathways. Consequently, the combined treatment of AM and Ca2+ is beneficial for enhancing plant regulatory mechanisms and increasing crop yield under salt-alkali stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenyuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinjie Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Songkai Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tingying Xu
- Boone Pickens School of Geology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74074, United States.
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xiang F, Ding CX, Wang M, Hu H, Ma XJ, Xu XB, Zaki Abubakar B, Pignitter M, Wei KN, Shi AM, Wang Q. Vegetable oils: Classification, quality analysis, nutritional value and lipidomics applications. Food Chem 2024; 439:138059. [PMID: 38039608 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are widespread in nature and play a pivotal role as a source of energy and nutrition for the human body. Vegetable oils (VOs) constitute a significant category in the food industry, containing various lipid components that have garnered attention for being natural, environmentally friendly and health-promoting. The review presented the classification of raw materials (RMs) from oil crops and quality analysis techniques of VOs, with the aim of improving comprehension and facilitating in-depth research of VOs. Brief descriptions were provided for four categories of VOs, and quality analysis techniques for both RMs and VOs were generalized. Furthermore, this study discussed the applications of lipidomics technology in component analysis, processing and utilization, quality determination, as well as nutritional function assessment of VOs. Through reviewing RMs and quality analysis techniques of VOs, this study aims to encourage further refinement and development in the processing and utilization of VOs, offering valuable references for theoretical and applied research in food chemistry and food science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cai-Xia Ding
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Miao Wang
- The China-Africa Green Agriculture Development Research Center, CGCOC Agriculture Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hui Hu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Ma
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xue-Bing Xu
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Bello Zaki Abubakar
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto 840101, Nigeria
| | - Marc Pignitter
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Kang-Ning Wei
- The China-Africa Green Agriculture Development Research Center, CGCOC Agriculture Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ai-Min Shi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang H, Zhao S, Qi Z, Yang C, Ding D, Xiao B, Wang S, Yang C. Regulation of Root Exudation in Wheat Plants in Response to Alkali Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1227. [PMID: 38732442 PMCID: PMC11085862 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Soil alkalization is an important environmental factor limiting crop production. Despite the importance of root secretion in the response of plants to alkali stress, the regulatory mechanism is unclear. In this study, we applied a widely targeted metabolomics approach using a local MS/MS data library constructed with authentic standards to identify and quantify root exudates of wheat under salt and alkali stresses. The regulatory mechanism of root secretion in alkali-stressed wheat plants was analyzed by determining transcriptional and metabolic responses. Our primary focus was alkali stress-induced secreted metabolites (AISMs) that showed a higher secretion rate in alkali-stressed plants than in control and salt-stressed plants. This secretion was mainly induced by high-pH stress. We discovered 55 AISMs containing -COOH groups, including 23 fatty acids, 4 amino acids, 1 amino acid derivative, 7 dipeptides, 5 organic acids, 9 phenolic acids, and 6 others. In the roots, we also discovered 29 metabolites with higher levels under alkali stress than under control and salt stress conditions, including 2 fatty acids, 3 amino acid derivatives, 1 dipeptide, 2 organic acids, and 11 phenolic acids. These alkali stress-induced accumulated carboxylic acids may support continuous root secretion during the response of wheat plants to alkali stress. In the roots, RNAseq analysis indicated that 5 6-phosphofructokinase (glycolysis rate-limiting enzyme) genes, 16 key fatty acid synthesis genes, and 122 phenolic acid synthesis genes have higher expression levels under alkali stress than under control and salt stress conditions. We propose that the secretion of multiple types of metabolites with a -COOH group is an important pH regulation strategy for alkali-stressed wheat plants. Enhanced glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis, and phenolic acid synthesis will provide more energy and substrates for root secretion during the response of wheat to alkali stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shuting Zhao
- Department of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zexin Qi
- Department of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Changgang Yang
- Wheat Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Dan Ding
- Department of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Binbin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Shihong Wang
- Wheat Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Chunwu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Min Y, Yu D, Yang J, Zhao W, Zhang L, Bai Y, Guo C. Bioinformatics and expression analysis of proline metabolism-related gene families in alfalfa under saline-alkali stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 205:108182. [PMID: 37977024 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of the proline metabolic pathway is essential for the accumulation of proline under abiotic stress and for the amelioration of plant stress resistance. Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS), pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR), ornithine transaminase (δ-OAT), proline dehydrogenase (PDH), pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (P5CDH), and proline transporter (ProT) are the key enzymes in the proline metabolic pathway. However, the gene families responsible for proline metabolism have not yet been identified or reported in alfalfa. In this study, a total of 12 MsP5CSs, 4 MsP5CRs, 3 MsOATs, 6 MsPDHs, 2 MsP5CDHs, and 5 MsProTs were identified in the genome of alfalfa, and the members of the same subfamily had similar gene structures and conserved motifs. Analysis of cis-regulatory elements revealed the presence of light-responsive, hormone-regulated, and stress-responsive elements in the promoter regions of alfalfa proline metabolism-related genes. Following treatment with saline-alkali, the expression of MsP5CSs, MsP5CRs, MsOATs, and MsProTs was significantly upregulated, whereas the expression of MsPDH1.1, MsPDH1.3, and MsP5CDH was significantly downregulated. The proline content and enzyme activity of P5CS gradually increased, whereas the enzyme activity of PDH gradually decreased as the duration of stress increased. Root growth rates decreased upon MsP5CS1a suppression (MsP5CS1a-RNAi) in the hairy roots of alfalfa compared to the empty vector line under saline-alkali stress. These results show that proline metabolism-related genes play an important role in the saline-alkali stress tolerance of alfalfa and provide a theoretical basis for further research on the functions of proline metabolism-related genes in alfalfa in response to saline-alkali stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfeng Min
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Dian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Weidi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lishuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Changhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mi Z, Liu P, Du L, Han T, Wang C, Fan X, Liu H, He S, Wu J. The Influence of Cadmium on Fountain Grass Performance Correlates Closely with Metabolite Profiles. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3713. [PMID: 37960069 PMCID: PMC10649124 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between metabolite changes and biological endpoints in response to cadmium (Cd) stress remains unclear. Fountain grass has good Cd enrichment and tolerance abilities and is widely used in agriculture and landscaping. We analyzed the metabolic responses by detecting the metabolites through UPLC-MS and examined the relationships between metabolite changes and the characteristics of morphology and physiology to different Cd stress in fountain grass. Our results showed that under Cd stress, 102 differential metabolites in roots and 48 differential metabolites in leaves were detected, with 20 shared metabolites. Under Cd stress, most of the carbohydrates in leaves and roots decreased, which contributed to the lowered leaf/root length and fresh weight. In comparison, most of the differential amino acids and lipids decreased in the leaves but increased in the roots. Almost all the differential amino acids in the roots were negatively correlated with root length and root fresh weight, while they were positively correlated with malondialdehyde content. However, most of the differential amino acids in the leaves were positively correlated with leaf length and leaf fresh weight but negatively correlated with malondialdehyde content. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that Cd significantly affects seven and eight metabolic pathways in the leaves and roots, respectively, with only purine metabolism co-existing in the roots and leaves. Our study is the first statement on metabolic responses to Cd stress and the relationships between differential metabolites and biological endpoints in fountain grass. The coordination between various metabolic pathways in fountain grass enables plants to adapt to Cd stress. This study provides a comprehensive framework by explaining the metabolic plasticity and Cd tolerance mechanisms of plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaorong Mi
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; (Z.M.)
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Pinlin Liu
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; (Z.M.)
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Lin Du
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; (Z.M.)
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Tao Han
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; (Z.M.)
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xifeng Fan
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Huichao Liu
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; (Z.M.)
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Songlin He
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; (Z.M.)
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Juying Wu
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Marková H, Tarkowská D, Čečetka P, Kočová M, Rothová O, Holá D. Contents of endogenous brassinosteroids and the response to drought and/or exogenously applied 24- epibrassinolide in two different maize leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1139162. [PMID: 37332698 PMCID: PMC10272441 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1139162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Exogenously applied brassinosteroids (BRs) improve plant response to drought. However, many important aspects of this process, such as the potential differences caused by different developmental stages of analyzed organs at the beginning of drought, or by BR application before or during drought, remain still unexplored. The same applies for the response of different endogenous BRs belonging to the C27, C28-and C29- structural groups to drought and/or exogenous BRs. This study examines the physiological response of two different leaves (younger and older) of maize plants exposed to drought and treated with 24-epibrassinolide (epiBL), together with the contents of several C27, C28-and C29-BRs. Two timepoints of epiBL application (prior to and during drought) were utilized to ascertain how this could affect plant drought response and the contents of endogenous BRs. Marked differences in the contents of individual BRs between younger and older maize leaves were found: the younger leaves diverted their BR biosynthesis from C28-BRs to C29-BRs, probably at the very early biosynthetic steps, as the levels of C28-BR precursors were very low in these leaves, whereas C29-BR levels vere extremely high. Drought also apparently negatively affected contents of C28-BRs (particularly in the older leaves) and C29-BRs (particularly in the younger leaves) but not C27-BRs. The response of these two types of leaves to the combination of drought exposure and the application of exogenous epiBL differed in some aspects. The older leaves showed accelerated senescence under such conditions reflected in their reduced chlorophyll content and diminished efficiency of the primary photosynthetic processes. In contrast, the younger leaves of well-watered plants showed at first a reduction of proline levels in response to epiBL treatment, whereas in drought-stressed, epiBL pre-treated plants they were subsequently characterized by elevated amounts of proline. The contents of C29- and C27-BRs in plants treated with exogenous epiBL depended on the length of time between this treatment and the BR analysis regardless of plant water supply; they were more pronounced in plants subjected to the later epiBL treatment. The application of epiBL before or during drought did not result in any differences of plant response to this stressor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Marková
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i. and Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Petr Čečetka
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marie Kočová
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Olga Rothová
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Dana Holá
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yu L, Tang S, Guo C, Korpelainen H, Li C. Differences in ecophysiological responses of Populus euphratica females and males exposed to salinity and alkali stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 198:107707. [PMID: 37086693 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is usually accompanied by alkalization in northwest China, and they both negatively impact plant growth and result in severe ecological problems. Some studies have reported tree responses to salinity or alkali stress alone, however, the interactive salinity and alkali effects are still unclear, especially in dioecious trees. In this study, we measured growth, morphology, leaf stomata, gas exchange, carbon isotope composition (δ13C), total soluble sugar and starch contents, Na+ accumulation and allocation, oxidative stress, and antioxidants of female and male Populus euphratica seedlings in response to salinity, alkali and their interaction. Our study showed no significant sexual differences in studied traits under control conditions. In addition, P. euphratica females showed greater inhibitory and negative effects, such as bigger decreases in growth and gas exchange, lower stomatal density and water use efficiency (as described by δ13C), and lower levels of soluble sugars and antioxidant enzyme activities compared with males under salinity, alkali and interactive stress conditions. Furthermore, P. euphratica males had a greater ability of ion exclusion and Na + transport restriction. For example, males allocated more Na+ to stems and roots than females, whereas females had higher Na+ contents in leaves under stress conditions. In conclusion, our results indicated that P. euphratica males have superior resistance and they perform better than females under salinity, alkali and their interactive stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Department of Ecology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Shuanglei Tang
- Department of Ecology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Chengjin Guo
- Department of Ecology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Helena Korpelainen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Chunyang Li
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun M, Cai M, Zeng Q, Han Y, Zhang S, Wang Y, Xie Q, Chen Y, Zeng Y, Chen T. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of UBiA Family Genes Associated with Abiotic Stress in Sunflowers ( Helianthus annuus L.). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031883. [PMID: 36768207 PMCID: PMC9916351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The UBiA genes encode a large class of isopentenyltransferases, which are involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites such as chlorophyll and vitamin E. They performed important functions in the whole plant's growth and development. Current studies on UBiA genes were not comprehensive enough, especially for sunflower UBiA genes. In this study, 10 HaUBiAs were identified by domain analysis these HaUBiAs had five major conserved domains and were unevenly distributed on six chromosomes. By constructing phylogenetic trees, 119 UBiA genes were found in 12 species with different evolutionary levels and divided into five major groups, which contained seven conserved motifs and eight UBiA subsuper family domains. Tissue expression analysis showed that HaUBiAs were highly expressed in the roots, leaves, and seeds. By using promoter analysis, the cis-elements of UBiA genes were mainly in hormone signaling and stress responses. The qRT-PCR results showed that HaUBiA1 and HaUBiA5 responded strongly to abiotic stresses. Under ABA and MeJA treatments, HaUBiA1 significantly upregulated, while HaUBiA5 significantly decreased. Under cold stress, the expression of UBiA1 was significantly upregulated in the roots and stems, while UBiA5 expression was increased only in the leaves. Under anaerobic induction, UBiA1 and UBiA5 were both upregulated in the roots, stems and leaves. In summary, this study systematically classified the UBiA family and identified two abiotic stress candidate genes in the sunflower. It expands the understanding of the UBiA family and provides a theoretical basis for future abiotic stress studies in sunflowers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Sun
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Maohong Cai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Qinzong Zeng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yuliang Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Qinyu Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Youheng Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Youling Zeng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (T.C.)
| | - Tao Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (T.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Guo J, Lu X, Tao Y, Guo H, Min W. Comparative Ionomics and Metabolic Responses and Adaptive Strategies of Cotton to Salt and Alkali Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:871387. [PMID: 35548284 PMCID: PMC9084190 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.871387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization and alkalization severely inhibit agriculture. However, the response mechanisms of cotton to salt stress or alkali stress are unclear. Ionomics and metabolomics were used to investigate salt and alkali stresses in cotton roots and leaves. Compared with the control, salt-treated and alkali-treated cotton plants showed 51.8 and 53.0% decreases in biomass, respectively. Under salt stress, the concentration of N decreased in roots but increased in leaves, and the concentrations of P and K increased in roots but decreased in leaves. Salt stress inhibited Ca, B, N, and Fe uptake and Mg, K, P, S, and Cu transport, but promoted Mo, Mn, Zn, Mg, K, P, S, and Cu uptake and Mo, Mn, Zn, B, N, and Fe transport. Under alkali stress, the concentrations of N and P in roots and leaves decreased, while the concentrations of K in roots and leaves increased. Alkali stress inhibited P, Ca, S, N, Fe, and Zn uptake and N, P, Mg and B transport, but promoted K, Mn, Cu, Mo, Mg, and B uptake and K, Mn, Cu, Mo, Fe, and Zn transport. Under salt stress in the leaves, 93 metabolites increased, mainly organic acids, amino acids, and sugars, increased in abundance, while 6 decreased. In the roots, 72 metabolites increased, mainly amino acids, organic acids, and sugars, while 18 decreased. Under alkali stress, in the leaves, 96 metabolites increased, including organic acids, amino acids, and sugars, 83 metabolites decreased, including organic acids, amino acids, and sugars; In the roots, 108 metabolites increased, including organic acids, amino acids, and sugars. 83 metabolites decreased, including organic acids and amino acids. Under salt stress, cotton adapts to osmotic stress through the accumulation of organic acids, amino acids and sugars, while under alkali stress, osmoregulation was achieved via inorganic ion accumulation. Under salt stress, significant metabolic pathways in the leaves and roots were associated with amino acid and organic acid metabolism, sugar metabolism was mainly used as a source of energy, while under alkali stress, the pathways in the leaves were related to amino acid and linoleic acid metabolism, β-Oxidation, TCA cycle, and glycolysis were enhanced to provide the energy needed for life activities. Enhancing organic acid accumulation and metabolism in the roots is the key response mechanism of cotton to alkalinity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wei Min
- Department of Resources and Environmental Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Identification of Potential Pathways of Morella cerifera Seedlings in Response to Alkali Stress via Transcriptomic Analysis. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11081053. [PMID: 35448781 PMCID: PMC9026155 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alkali stress, a type of abiotic stress, severely inhibits plant growth. Only a few studies have investigated the mechanism underlying the transcriptional-level response of Morella cerifera to saline-alkali stress. Based on RNA-seq technology, gene expression differences in the fibrous roots of M. cerifera seedlings exposed to low- and high-concentration alkali stress (LAS and HAS, respectively) were investigated, and the corresponding 1312 and 1532 alkali stress-responsive genes were identified, respectively. According to gene set enrichment analysis, 65 gene sets were significantly enriched. Of these, 24 gene sets were shared by both treatment groups. LAS and HAS treatment groups exhibited 9 (all downregulated) and 32 (23 downregulated) unique gene sets, respectively. The differential gene sets mainly included those involved in trehalose biosynthesis and metabolism, phospholipid translocation, and lignin catabolism. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that M. cerifera seedlings were specifically enriched in stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid, and gingerol biosynthesis; phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis; and sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis. Moreover, the related genes involved in hormone signaling pathways and transcription factors were determined through a localization analysis of core abiotic stress pathways. These genes and their molecular mechanisms will be the focus of future research.
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang W, Zhang F, Sun L, Yang L, Yang Y, Wang Y, Siddique KHM, Pang J. Alkaline Salt Inhibits Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Canola More Than Neutral Salt. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:814755. [PMID: 35154227 PMCID: PMC8828734 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.814755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a major constraint to crop growth and productivity, limiting sustainable agriculture production. Planting canola (Brassica napus L.) variety with salinity-alkalinity tolerance as a green manure on the large area of salinity-affected land in Xinjiang could alleviate feed shortage. To investigate the differential effects of neutral and alkaline salt stress on seed germination and seedling growth of canola, we used two salts at varying concentrations, i.e., NaCl (neutral salt at 100, 150, and 200 mM) and Na2CO3 (alkaline salt at 20, 30, and 40 mM). To further explore the effects of Na+ and pH on seed germination, we included combined of NaCl (0, 100, 150, and 200 mM) and pH (7.1, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0, and 11.0). Shoot growth was promoted by low concentrations of NaCl and Na2CO3 but inhibited at high salt concentrations. Given the same Na+ concentration, Na2CO3 inhibited seed germination and seedling growth more than NaCl. The results showed that the main factor affecting seed germination and seedling growth is not pH alone, but the interaction between pH and salt ions. Under NaCl stress, canola increased the absorption of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in roots and K+ in leaves. However, under Na2CO3 stress, canola maintained a high K+ concentration and K+/Na+ ratio in leaves and increased Ca2+ and Mg2+ in roots. Our study showed that alkaline salts inhibit canola seed germination and seedling growth more significantly than neutral salts and salt species, salt concentration, and pH significantly affected on seed germination and seedling growth. However, pH affected seed germination and seedling growth mainly through an interaction with salt ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Fenghua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Fenghua Zhang,
| | - Lupeng Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lei Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yajuan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Kadambot H. M. Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jiayin Pang
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lu X, Min W, Shi Y, Tian L, Li P, Ma T, Zhang Y, Luo C. Exogenous Melatonin Alleviates Alkaline Stress by Removing Reactive Oxygen Species and Promoting Antioxidant Defence in Rice Seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:849553. [PMID: 35356121 PMCID: PMC8959771 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.849553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Saline-alkali stress seriously restricts rice growth, development, and production in northern China. The damage of alkaline stress on rice is much greater than that of salt due to ion toxicity, osmotic stress, and especially high pH. As a signal molecule, melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, MT) mediates many physiological processes in rice and participates in protecting rice from abiotic stress. The potential mechanism of exogenous melatonin-mediated alkaline stress tolerance is still largely unknown. In this study, the effects of melatonin on the morphological change, physiological property, and corresponding genes expression in rice seedlings were analyzed under alkaline stress (20 mmol L-1, pH 9.55). The results showed that the expression levels of MT synthesis genes (TDC2, T5H, SNAT, ASMT1, and ASMT2) were induced by both exogenous MT and alkaline stress treatment. The cell membrane was protected by MT, and the MT furtherly play role in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), reducing lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The scavenging of ROS by melatonin is attributed to the coupling of the improvement of redox homeostasis and the enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activity and antioxidant content by upregulating the transcriptional levels of antioxidase genes. In the meantime, MT pretreatment promoted the accumulation of free proline, sucrose, and fructose by regulating the OsP5CS, OsSUS7, and OsSPS1 gene expression level and increased chlorophyll content upregulating the expression of chlorophyll synthesis-related genes. Ultimately, the alleviating effect of exogenous melatonin on alkaline stress was reflected in increasing the leaf relative water content (RWC) and root-shoot ratio and reducing the leaf tip wilt index (TWI) through a series of physiological and biochemical changes. Melatonin pretreatment changed the expression level of MT synthesis genes which might contribute to MT synthesis in rice, consequently, activated the ROS scavenging system and alleviating the damage of alkaline stress on rice seedlings. Our study comprehensively understands the alleviating effect of exogenous melatonin on rice under alkaline stress.
Collapse
|
14
|
Yan L, Wang C, Jiang J, Liu S, Zheng Y, Yang M, Zhang Y. Nitrate removal by alkali-resistant Pseudomonas sp. XS-18 under aerobic conditions: Performance and mechanism. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126175. [PMID: 34678448 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To improve poor nitrate removal by microorganisms under strong alkaline conditions, a new type of aerobic nitrification-reducing bacteria was isolated in this study. Using nitrogen balance and genome information, the capacity of Pseudomonas XS-18 to remove nitrate and the mechanism of alkali tolerance were analyzed. At pH 11.0, XS-18 could remove 12.17 mg N/(L·h) nitrate. At C/N ratios of 13.0 and 25 °C, nitrite and ammonia nitrogen were barely enriched. XS-18 could reduce nitrate through dissimilation and assimilation, and 21.74% and 77.39% of nitrate was converted into cellular components and organic nitrogen, respectively. Meanwhile, functional genes (nirBD, nasAB, gdhA, glnA, and gltBD) associated with nitrogen metabolism were determined. In addition, Na+/H+ antiporters (MnhACDEFG, PhaACDEFG, NhaCD and TrkAH) and a cell surface protein (SlpA) from the XS-18 genome, as well as compatible solutes that help stabilize intracellular pH, were also characterized. XS-18 possessed significant potential in alkaline wastewater treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilong Yan
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030 PR China.
| | - Caixu Wang
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030 PR China
| | - Jishuang Jiang
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030 PR China
| | - Shuang Liu
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030 PR China
| | - Yaoqi Zheng
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030 PR China
| | - Mengya Yang
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030 PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030 PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang R, Zhu Z, Jia W. Time-Series Lipidomics Insights into the Progressive Characteristics of Lipid Constituents of Fresh Walnut during Postharvest Storage. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13796-13809. [PMID: 34763422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A high-throughput lipid profiling platform adopting an accurate quantification strategy was built based on Q-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Lipid components of fresh walnut during postharvest storage were determined, and the fatty acid distributions in triacylglycerol and polar lipids were also characterized. A total of 554 individual lipids in fresh walnut were mainly glycerolipids (56.7%), glycerophospholipids (32.4%), and sphingolipids (11%). With the progress of postharvest storage, 16 lipid subclasses in the stored walnut sample were significantly degraded, in which 34 lipids changed significantly between the fresh and stored groups. The sphingolipid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, and linoleic acid metabolism pathways were significantly enriched. The oxidation and degradation mechanism of linoleic acid in walnut kernel during postharvest storage was proposed. The established lipidomics platform can supply reliable and traceable lipid profiling data, help to improve the understanding of lipid degradation in fresh walnut, and offer a framework for analyzing lipid metabolisms in other tree nuts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Zhenbao Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Wei Jia
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Shaanxi Research Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang Y, Wang J, Guo D, Zhang H, Che Y, Li Y, Tian B, Wang Z, Sun G, Zhang H. Physiological and comparative transcriptome analysis of leaf response and physiological adaption to saline alkali stress across pH values in alfalfa (Medicago sativa). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:140-152. [PMID: 34352517 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization is a critical factor limiting growth and causing physiological dysfunction in plants. The damage from alkaline salt in most plants is significantly greater than that from neutral salt. However, there is still a lack of research on the action mechanism by which saline alkali stress on plants under the same salt concentration across different pH values. The present study examined the effects of different pH values (7.0, 8.0, 9.0, and 10.0) under the same salt concentration (200 mmolL-1) on photosynthetic function, photoprotective mechanism, nitrogen metabolism, and osmotic regulation in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) leaves, including a transcriptomic analysis of changes in gene expression related to the above metabolic processes. The results showed that low pH saline alkali stress (pH 7.0 and 8.0) promoted chlorophyll synthesis in alfalfa leaves, and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and cyclic electron transfer (CEF) were promoted. There was no significant effect on plant growth or photochemical activity. The soluble sugar, proline, and soluble protein contents did not change significantly, and there was no obvious oxidative damage in alfalfa leaves. However, when pH increased to 9.0 and 10.0, KEGG enrichment analysis showed that photosynthesis (map00195) and nitrogen metabolism (map00910) were significantly enriched (P < 0.05), and PSII antenna protein coding genes were down-regulated under pH 9.0 and 10.0 treatments. The activities of PSII and PSI were decreased under high pH saline alkali stress, and the expression levels of the photosynthetic electron transporter-related genes PetA, PetB, petE, and petF were also significantly down-regulated. PSII was more sensitive to high pH saline alkali stress than PSI, and the PSII receptor side was more sensitive to high pH saline alkali stress than the PSII donor side. The activities of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) and PSI were significantly damaged only at pH 10.0. The activities of nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase (NiR), the expression levels of their genes, and the content of soluble protein were also decreased under pH 9.0 and 10.0 treatments. The inhibition of plant growth and oxidative damage to alfalfa leaves caused by high pH saline alkali stress were mainly related to the inhibition of photosynthesis (light energy absorption, electron transfer) and nitrogen metabolism (NO3- reduction). Under high pH saline alkali stress (pH 10.0), the photoprotection mechanisms such as CEF and NPQ were inhibited, which was also one of the important reasons for photoinhibition in alfalfa leaves. The accumulation of osmotic adjustment substances, such as soluble sugar and proline, was an important mechanism by which alfalfa physiologically adapted to high pH alkaline salt stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiechen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dandan Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanhui Che
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bei Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guangyu Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|