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Serafini-Fracassini D, Del Duca S. Programmed Cell Death Reversal: Polyamines, Effectors of the U-Turn from the Program of Death in Helianthus tuberosus L. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5386. [PMID: 38791426 PMCID: PMC11121942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This review describes a 50-year-long research study on the characteristics of Helianthus tuberosus L. tuber dormancy, its natural release and programmed cell death (PCD), as well as on the ability to change the PCD so as to return the tuber to a life program. The experimentation on the tuber over the years is due to its particular properties of being naturally deficient in polyamines (PAs) during dormancy and of immediately reacting to transplants by growing and synthesizing PAs. This review summarizes the research conducted in a unicum body. As in nature, the tuber tissue has to furnish its storage substances to grow vegetative buds, whereby its destiny is PCD. The review's main objective concerns data on PCD, the link with free and conjugated PAs and their capacity to switch the destiny of the tuber from a program of death to one of new life. PCD reversibility is an important biological challenge that is verified here but not reported in other experimental models. Important aspects of PA features are their capacity to change the cell functions from storage to meristematic ones and their involvement in amitosis and differentiation. Other roles reported here have also been confirmed in other plants. PAs exert multiple diverse roles, suggesting that they are not simply growth substances, as also further described in other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano Del Duca
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Zhong M, Yue L, Qin H, Wang G, Xiao L, Cheng Q, Lei B, Huang R, Yang X, Kang Y. TGase-induced Cd tolerance by boosting polyamine, nitric oxide, cell wall composition and phytochelatin synthesis in tomato. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 259:115023. [PMID: 37201425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In highly intensive greenhouse vegetable production, soil acidification was caused by excessive fertilization, increasing cadmium (Cd) concentrations in the vegetables, which bears environmental hazards and is a negative influence on vegetables and humans. Transglutaminases (TGases), a central mediator for certain physiological effects of polyamines (PAs) in the plant kingdom, play important roles in plant development and stress response. Despite increased research on the crucial role of TGase in protecting against environmental stresses, relatively little is known about the mechanisms of Cd tolerance. In this study, we found, TGase activity and transcript level, which was upregulated by Cd, and TGase-induced Cd tolerance related to endogenous bound PAs increase and formation of nitric oxide (NO). Plant growth of tgase mutants was hypersensitive to Cd, chemical complementation by putrescine, sodium nitroprusside (SNP, nitric oxide donor) or gain of function TGase experiments restore Cd tolerance. α-diflouromethylornithine (DFMO, a selective ODC inhibitor) and 2-4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO, NO scavenger), were respectively found declined drastically endogenous bound PA and NO content in TGase overexpression plants. Likewise, we reported that TGase interacted with polyamine uptake protein 3 (Put3), and the silencing of Put3 largely reduced TGase-induced Cd tolerance and bound PAs formation. This salvage strategy depends on TGase-regulated synthesis of bound PAs and NO that is able to positively increase the concentration of thiol and phytochelatins, elevate Cd in the cell wall, as well as induce the levels of expression Cd uptake and transport genes. Collectively, these findings indicate that TGase-mediated enhanced levels of bound PA and NO acts as a vital mechanism to protect the plant from Cd-caused toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhong
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Lingqi Yue
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Hongyi Qin
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Guohu Wang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Liwen Xiao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Qinqin Cheng
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Bingfu Lei
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agriculture, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Riming Huang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xian Yang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
| | - Yunyan Kang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
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Parrotta L, Tanwar UK, Aloisi I, Sobieszczuk-Nowicka E, Arasimowicz-Jelonek M, Del Duca S. Plant Transglutaminases: New Insights in Biochemistry, Genetics, and Physiology. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091529. [PMID: 35563835 PMCID: PMC9105555 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminases (TGases) are calcium-dependent enzymes that catalyse an acyl-transfer reaction between primary amino groups and protein-bound Gln residues. They are widely distributed in nature, being found in vertebrates, invertebrates, microorganisms, and plants. TGases and their functionality have been less studied in plants than humans and animals. TGases are distributed in all plant organs, such as leaves, tubers, roots, flowers, buds, pollen, and various cell compartments, including chloroplasts, the cytoplasm, and the cell wall. Recent molecular, physiological, and biochemical evidence pointing to the role of TGases in plant biology and the mechanisms in which they are involved allows us to consider their role in processes such as photosynthesis, plant fertilisation, responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, and leaf senescence. In the present paper, an in-depth description of the biochemical characteristics and a bioinformatics comparison of plant TGases is provided. We also present the phylogenetic relationship, gene structure, and sequence alignment of TGase proteins in various plant species, not described elsewhere. Currently, our knowledge of these proteins in plants is still insufficient. Further research with the aim of identifying and describing the regulatory components of these enzymes and the processes regulated by them is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Parrotta
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (I.A.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, University of Bologna, Via Quinto Bucci 336, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Umesh Kumar Tanwar
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (U.K.T.); (E.S.-N.)
| | - Iris Aloisi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Ewa Sobieszczuk-Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (U.K.T.); (E.S.-N.)
| | - Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Stefano Del Duca
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (I.A.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, University of Bologna, Via Quinto Bucci 336, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Correspondence:
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